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Santos, Sandriele Pessoa dos. "Tempo e espaço na Amazônia Colonial: da Vila de Ega a cidade de Tefé século XVIII e XIX." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5457.
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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
Describe the colonial and imperial periodization of the area that corresponds to the current state of Amazonas and rebuild geohistória Tefé and its spatial distribution of Villa for City was the main objective of this dissertation. Therefore, after reviewing the literature, we sought to understand the production of Portuguese villages in the Amazon basin that arise especially from the Pombalina policy pursued in the mid-eighteenth century. Describes how the power of church and state constituted the main transforming agents of the territory and how was the "occupation" of the northern border. It highlights the role that Ega town had in the configuration of the Portuguese North Colony. He started from the hypothesis that the territorial dimension that articulates the embryonic network of village and places that emerge linearly along the Solimões river was not "by chance". This would be due to the position and geographical location of each village. Ega in particular, had the implantation site chosen for its central and represent the equidistance in relation to Vale do Rio Negro, where was located the village later Barra Manaus, and the west border at Tabatinga. So it was a strategic point in the consolidation of the limits of the Portuguese colony in the North. Due to its position, economic and social relations have intensified between Portuguese and Spanish allowing Ega after Tefé, the title of trading post. It went on to give it broad domain and influence in the territory. Nevertheless, the documentary research and the analysis of the report of the travelers found that the construction of the village space was structured in need of an urban plan regulated. Based on the creation of streets cluttered with houses and buildings crudely similar to other villages created in the same period. In the mid-nineteenth century the events related to the rise of the Amazon the Province in 1850, the creation of the Solimões District in 1853 and headquartered in Ega and the introduction of steam navigation in the Amazon created the improvement of conditions of village structure and were conditions for the elevation to city status in 1855. With this, there are new buildings to house the administrative apparatus of the transplanted capital. Was driven to the way public servants and the spatial reorganization of the core, the implementation of infrastructure and transformation of the morphology of the city resulting from landfill coves and creeks, opening new blocks, construction of the new cemetery, the Mother Church of Santa Tereza D ' Avila, the Chapel of Bom Jesus de Tefé, public school, new streets and squares. These changes are reported by travelers and described in the Report of the Provincial Presidents from 1852 to 1857. It was concluded that the creation of Ega even if not preceded by a plan was not an accident of work, but as part of the consolidation strategy northern border of the Portuguese colony in America.
Descrever a periodização colonial e imperial da área que corresponde ao atual estado do Amazonas e reconstruir a geohistória de Tefé e sua espacialização de Vila à Cidade foi o objetivo principal desta dissertação. Para tanto, após revisão da literatura, buscou-se compreender a produção das vilas portuguesas no vale amazônico que surgem especialmente a partir da política pombalina levada a efeito em meados do século XVIII. Descreve-se como o poder da Igreja e do Estado se constituíram nos principais agentes transformadores do território e como se deu a “ocupação” da fronteira setentrional. Evidencia o papel que a Vila de Ega teve na configuração da Colônia portuguesa do Norte. Partiu-se da hipótese, que a dimensão territorial que articula a rede embrionária de vila e lugares que vão surgindo de modo linear ao longo do rio Solimões não foi "obra do acaso". Esta seria decorrente da posição e situação geográfica de cada vila. Ega em particular, teve o local de implantação escolhido por ser central e representar a equidistância em relação ao Vale do Rio Negro, onde se localizava a vila da Barra mais tarde Manaus, e a fronteira Oeste em Tabatinga. Portanto, se constituía um ponto estratégico na consolidação dos limites da Colônia portuguesa no Norte. Em decorrência de sua posição, as relações econômicas e sociais se intensificaram entre portugueses e espanhóis permitindo a Ega, depois Tefé, o título de entreposto comercial. Isso passou a lhe conferir amplo domínio e influência no território. Apesar disso, a pesquisa documental e a análise do relato dos viajantes identificou que a construção do espaço da vila se estruturou carente de um plano urbano normatizado. Baseou na criação de ruas desordenadas com habitações e edificações toscas semelhantes a outras vilas criadas no mesmo período. Em meados do século XIX os acontecimentos relacionados à elevação do Amazonas a Província em 1850, a criação da Comarca do Solimões em 1853 e com sede em Ega e a introdução da navegação a vapor na Amazônia criaram as condições de melhoria da estrutura da vila e eram condicionantes para a elevação à condição de cidade em 1855. Com isso, surgem novas construções para abrigar o aparelho administrativo transplantado da capital. Foi impulsionada à ida de servidores públicos e a reorganização espacial do núcleo, pela implantação de infraestruturas e transformação da morfologia da cidade decorrente dos aterros de enseadas e igarapés, abertura de novos quarteirões, construção do novo cemitério, da Igreja Matriz de Santa Tereza D’Ávila, da Capela do Bom Jesus de Tefé, de escolas públicas, novas ruas e praças. Estas transformações são relatadas pelos viajantes e descritas no Relatório dos Presidentes da Província de 1852 a 1857. Conclui-se que a criação de Ega mesmo não sendo precedida de um plano não se constituiu em obra do acaso, mas como parte da estratégia de consolidação da fronteira norte da colônia portuguesa na América.
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Curzel, Rosana. "Integração regional e liberalização comercial: uma análise para o Mercosul com um modelo aplicado de equilíbrio geral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-11102012-145724/.
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CURZEL, R. Integração regional e liberalização comercial: uma análise para o Mercosul com um modelo aplicado de equilíbrio geral. 2007. 130f. Tese (doutorado) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Integração da América Latina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2007. O objetivo desta tese é dimensionar o impacto de diferentes políticas de liberalização comercial sobre a economia do Mercosul, aqui formados por Argentina, Brasil, Uruguai e Venezuela. Para isto, utilizou-se da metodologia dos Modelos de Equilíbrio Geral Computável ou Aplicado, especificamente o denominado GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project, versão 6.2), cuja base de dados associada tem como ano base 2001. Foram implementados os seguintes cenários hipotéticos de política comercial: a formação de uma Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (Alca); um acordo de livre comércio entre o Mercosul e a União Européia (UE), esta com seus atuais 27 sócios; a formação de ambos os acordos conjuntamente; a assinatura de Tratados de Livre Comércio (TLCs) entre os países da América Latina e os EUA, sem a participação do Brasil; a assinatura de TLCs entre paises da América Latina e os EUA, com a exceção dos sócios do Mercosul, Bolívia e Equador. Todos eles foram implementados com e sem a inclusão de produtos considerados sensíveis nas negociações internacionais, principalmente os agropecuários. Antes de executar as simulações, substituiu-se parte da base de dados referentes à proteção tarifária brasileira e norte-americana por uma nova base calculada com informações do Ministério da Fazenda brasileiro e do USA International Trade Comission (USITC). Assim, as simulações foram realizadas com a base original e a modificada. Os resultados apontaram para ganhos de bem estar na seguinte ordem, independente da base utilizada: 1) formação simultânea da ALCA e do acordo Mercosul-UE; 2) formação do acordo Mercosul-UE; 3) formação da ALCA; 4) excluindo-se os produtos sensíveis, a formação de ambos os acordos; 5) excluindo-se os produtos sensíveis, a formação da ALCA. Todos os outros cenários traduzir-se-iam em perdas de bem estar para o Mercosul em seu conjunto. A condição sine qua non para a formatação da ALCA, ou o acordo com a UE, ou ainda, ambos, é a eliminação do protecionismo agropecuário dos países desenvolvidos, ou seja, os EUA e os da UE.CURZEL, R. Integración regional y liberalización comercial: uma analisis para el Mercosur com un modelo de equilíbrio general computable. 2007. 130f. Tesis (doctorado) Programa de Pós-Graduación en Integración de América Latina (Prolam), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2007. El objeto de la presente tesis es evaluar los efectos de diferentes políticas de liberalización comercial sobre la economia del Mercosur, compuesto por Argentina, Brasil, Uruguay y Venezuela. La metodología utilizada fué aquella de los Modelos de Equilíbrio General Computable, especificamente el GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project, versión 6.2), cuyo año de referencia es 2001. Fueran realizados diez simulaciones: la formación del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA); un acuerdo de libre comercio del Mercosul con la Unión Europea (UE), con sus 27 miembros; la formación de los dos acuerdos simultáneamente; la suscripción de Tratados de Libre Comercio (TLCs) de los países de la América Latina con los Estados Unidos, pero Brasil no lo suscribe; la suscripción de TLCs de paises de la América Latina con los Estados Unidos, y ahora no suscriben todos los miembros del Mercosur y también Bolivia y Ecuador. Las mismas simulaciones son realizadas con exclusión de productos sencillos, como los agropecuarios, el textil, de la confección y de cuero y calzados. Las simulaciones fueran realizadas con la base de datos original y con otra modificada para incorporar los aranceles efectivos sur las importaciones del Brasil y de parte de los Estados Unidos. Los resultados evidenciaron efectos positivos de bien estar para el Mercosur en la siguiente orden, independiente de la base utilizada: 1) la formación simultanea del ALCA y el acuerdo Mercosur-UE; 2) la formación del acuerdo Mercosur-UE; 3) la formación del ALCA; 4) excluyendo los productos sencillos, la formación de los dos acuerdos simultáneamente; 5) excluyendo-se los productos sencillos, la formación del ALCA. Los otros escenarios resultarían en perdidas de bien estar para el Mercosur en su conjunto. Se concluye que la condición sine qua non para la formación del ALCA u del acuerdo con la UE u aún los dos es la eliminación del proteccionismo agropecuario de los países desarrollados, o sea los Estados Unidos y la UE.
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Maioli, Edoardo. "Internet of Medical Things e Sviluppo di Sistemi Interoperabili basati su Standard FHIR: Un caso di studio basato sull'integrazione di un Dispositivo EGA." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24306/.
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Ci troviamo in un mondo in costante cambiamento ed evoluzione, in particolar modo nel settore informatico. È proprio in questo continuo processo di evoluzione che spicca l’IoT ovvero Interent Of Things (Internet delle cose). Oggetti, anche di tutti i giorni, collegati ad Internet capaci di scambiarsi messaggi e di comunicare tra loro. Kevin Ashton, pioniere dell’IoT, dice che questa sarà la prossima rivoluzione tecnologica come lo è stato a suo tempo Internet. Tuttavia, come sarà discusso in questa tesi, alcuni ambiti di applicazione dell’IoT come il sistema medico ed ospedaliero non sono ancora del tutto uniformati ma anzi, presentano vari ostacoli nell’ottica di un sistema interoperabile ed intelligente. Per quanto riguarda quest’ultimo caso si parla di Internet of Medical Things(IoMT), Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) o ancora Medicina 4.0 (QuartaRivoluzione Industraile in ambito medico). Possiamo pensare ad un ospedale con vari dispositivi capaci di condividere dati ed informazioni tra loro e di mettere adisposizione questi dati in tempo reale al personale sanitario e al paziente anche a distanza.
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Sambuchi, Luca. "Da HL7 a Servizi Web REST per la fruizione dei dati di Apparati Medici Attivi - Un Caso di Studio." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20475/.
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In ambito sanitario, i moderni apparati medici attivi sono oggigiorno sempre più in grado di comunicare via rete, per ricevere comandi e trasmettere i risultati degli esami effettuati. Ovvero, si sta assistendo ad una pervasività sempre maggiore dell’Internet of Things (IoT) in ambito ospedaliero e non solo. In questo contesto, una delle problematiche che emergono è relativa all’accesso pervasivo ai dati e alla loro fruizione da parte di applicazioni terze a supporto dell’operatività di medici ed infermieri. Generalmente questi apparati comunicano con gateway/server ad hoc gestiti dalla azienda produttrice dell’apparato e tali gateway consentono un accesso interoperabile alle informazioni che memorizzano, mediante il protocollo HL7. Si tratta di un protocollo pensato specificatamente per la comunicazione tra apparati biomedicali, che tuttavia - nella versione implementata dai dispositivi attuali - non risponde alle esigenze dei moderni sistemi software. Obiettivo di questa tesi è studiare e progettare un sistema software in grado di fungere da mediatore tra gli apparati medici attivi e i moderni sistemi software, in modo che questi ultimi possano accedere agevolmente ai dati d’interesse indipendentemente dalla loro natura e provenienza. In particolare, sebbene abbia potenzialmente una valenza più ampia, il progetto di tesi si inserisce nell’ambito del progetto TraumaTracker, un sistema a supporto della gestione dei traumi gravi attivo presso il Trauma Center dell’Ospedale ”M.Bufalini” di Cesena. Il caso di studio considera nello specifico il dispositivo EGA (emogasanalizzatore) che effettua particolari esami (emogasanalisi) del sangue di un paziente. L’obiettivo è sviluppare un servizio web con interfaccia REST che consenta a TraumaTracker di accedere ai dati prodotti dall’EGA per i propri pazienti di interesse. Sarà compito del sistema interfacciarsi con il gateway del dispositivo, interpretarne i messaggi HL7 e memorizzarne il contenuto in modo opportuno.
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Asensio, Javier. "Pirólisis térmica y catalítica de la nicotina y NNK y NNN, dos nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/113921.
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El carácter adictivo del tabaco se debe fundamentalmente a la nicotina, mientras que su toxicidad se debe a una serie de sustancias tales como el monóxido de carbono, 1,3-butadieno, hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos (PAH) y las nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco (TSNAs), entre otros. La reducción de la toxicidad del humo del tabaco a través de la reducción de la emisión de los productos más problemáticos o la modificación de su composición en conjunto resultan alternativas muy interesantes, mientras se consigue la eliminación de este hábito. Se han localizado trabajos en la literatura encaminados a este fin. Con este objetivo, nuestro grupo de investigación lleva más de quince años estudiando el efecto que ciertos materiales micro y mesoporosos mezclados con el tabaco producen sobre la composición del humo obtenido en el proceso de fumado. En este sentido, en los últimos años se ha puesto de manifiesto la eficacia que presentan algunos silicatos mesoporosos, tales como SBA-15 y MCM-41 en la reducción de los alquitranes y la mayoría de los compuestos presentes en el humo del tabaco. Es por ello que se ha considerado que conocer el comportamiento de determinados compuestos específicos presentes en el humo de tabaco, como son la nicotina y dos nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco (NNK y NNN), los productos que se generan en su pirólisis y combustión, así como el efecto de los materiales mesoporosos mencionados en los procesos que tienen lugar durante el fumado del tabaco, sería de gran interés, y permitiría ayudar a diseñar productos de toxicidad reducida y menor carácter adictivo. A este respecto se han localizado muy escasos artículos en la bibliografía. Por todo ello, en el presente trabajo se aborda esta problemática y se plantea el estudio de la pirólisis de las dos nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco más cancerígenas, como son la 4-(N-metilnitrosoamino)-1-(3-piridinil)-butanona (NNK) y la N-nitrosonornicotina (NNN) mediante dos técnicas, TGA/FTIR y EGA/PY-GC/MS que son capaces de realizar experimentos a las velocidades de calefacción tan dispares que se dan en el proceso de fumado y tanto atmósfera inerte como atmósfera oxidante. También se estudia el comportamiento de la nicotina en EGA/PY-GC/MS, con objeto de completar el ya realizado por nuestro grupo de investigación la técnica de TGA/FTIR. Se estudia el efecto que producen tres silicatos mesoporosos (dos SBA-15 y un MCM-41) que presentan propiedades texturales y morfológicas diferentes, en la pirólisis catalítica de los tres compuestos anteriormente mencionados. Además, se analiza el efecto de la temperatura y la atmósfera (inerte y oxidante), en la degradación de la nicotina y las dos nitrosaminas mencionadas, y en la composición de los gases generados tras su descomposición. Se ha comprobado que en atmósfera oxidante los procesos de descomposición suceden a temperaturas más bajas, siendo especialmente notable este efecto en el caso de la nicotina. Así mismo, la presencia de los tres catalizadores favorece los procesos de descomposición de estos compuestos en ambas atmósferas, modifican la distribución de productos y favorecen la formación de residuo carbonoso. Los principales productos de descomposición de la nicotina en atmósfera inerte son la 3-etil-piridina, la miosmina y, especialmente la 3-vinilpiridina, que aumentan su contribución al aumentar la temperatura. Algunos compuestos como la miosmina presentan un máximo en su evolución, lo que indica que experimentan procesos de craqueo. En atmósfera oxidante se produce un cambio muy significativo en la distribución de productos, además de la mayor reactividad ya mencionada. Los productos mayoritarios pasan a ser la 3-cianopiridina, la nicotirina, la miosmina, el dióxido de carbono y el agua. La 3-cianopiridina y la 3-hidroxipiridina, muestran una tendencia creciente con la temperatura, mientras que el resto de los compuestos presentan evidencias de reacciones secundarias, poniendo de manifiesto que la presencia de oxígeno en el medio favorece las reacciones de descomposición de la nicotina y de muchos de los productos generados. La nicotina genera cianuro de hidrógeno en ambas atmósferas. Los tres catalizadores estudiados aceleran el proceso de descomposición de la nicotina y conducen a una mayor formación de residuo carbonoso, siendo el MCM-41 el material que ocasiona un mayor efecto, probablemente debido a su mayor superficie específica y buena accesibilidad de su porosidad debida a su morfología (aunque presente un menor tamaño de poro que los otros catalizadores). En atmósfera inerte la presencia de SBA-15f (SBA-15 fibras), apenas modifica el comportamiento de la nicotina, mientras que tanto MCM-41 como SBA-15p (SBA-15 platelet) se reduce la formación de algunos compuestos como la 3-vinilpiridina, incrementándose la formación de otros como quinolina e isoquinolina. En atmósfera oxidante los cambios son más significativos, ya que todos los catalizadores favorecen las reacciones de oxidación y descarboxilación, incrementando la generación de dióxido de carbono y disminuyendo la formación de agua, especialmente MCM-41 y SBA15p. MCM-41 reduce notablemente la formación de 3-cianopiridina y de nicotirina al aumentar la temperatura, a diferencia de lo observado en la nicotina, tanto sola como en presencia de los dos SBA-15. Ambas nitrosaminas han presentado unos resultados en la línea de los comentados para la nicotina. Se ha observado que la degradación completa de ambos compuestos sucede a temperaturas ligeramente inferiores para atmósfera oxidante, y presenta variaciones en la composición de los gases generados. Se ha podido comprobar cómo, de los tres materiales estudiados, el MCM-41 es el que provoca mayor modificación de la degradación térmica de ambas nitrosaminas, favoreciendo la generación de residuo en atmósfera inerte. En cuanto a la composición de los productos generados tras la pirólisis de NNK, ambos SBA-15 han mostrado una modificación clara de la distribución de los mismos. También se ha podido observar como en el caso de la NNN, algunos de sus productos de descomposición reducen su contribución a máxima temperatura, observándose tendencias decrecientes y algún máximo en función de la temperatura. Por otro lado, los resultados de termogravimetría para ambas nitrosaminas se han ajustado a un sencillo modelo cinético que permite estimar las áreas de cada uno de los procesos de pérdida de peso observados, pudiéndose realizar de esta forma un análisis más claro del efecto de los catalizadores utilizados basado en las distintas fracciones asociadas a cada uno de los procesos. El caso de la NNK presenta tres procesos de pérdida de peso a 194, 299 y 368 ºC en atmósfera inerte y tres procesos a 208, 299 y 648 ºC en atmósfera oxidante, siendo el principal el que tiene lugar a 299 ºC con un 81.8 y 66.4 % de contribución relativa para atmósfera inerte y oxidante, respectivamente. La NNN ha mostrado dos procesos de pérdida de peso, a 190 y 218 ºC en atmósfera inerte y a 180 y 207 ºC en oxidante. Los tres materiales mesoporosos estudiados han mostrado, para ambas nitrosaminas, modificaciones en la temperatura e intensidad de los procesos observados. Este efecto se hace más notable en aire donde se observa un nuevo proceso térmico a altas temperaturas, siendo especialmente notable este efecto con MCM-41. El experimento con este material para la NNK ha presentado cuatro procesos de pérdida de peso a 197, 232, 281, 414 ºC para atmósfera inerte y oxidante, variando la contribución relativa entre ellos. En el caso de la NNN, el experimento con MCM-41 ha mostrado tres procesos a 190, 218 y 260 ºC para atmósfera inerte y a 180, 207 y a 610 ºC en atmósfera oxidante. Para ambas nitrosaminas en atmósfera oxidante, los gases analizados para los tres materiales han mostrado un aumento considerable (principalmente por el MCM-41) de las bandas de CO2 y CO a temperaturas elevadas, respecto al experimento sin catalizador. Este aumento se ha debido a la degradación oxidativa del residuo carbonoso generado.
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Garcia, Andrea Isabel Estévez. "Perfil patogênico de um isolado do vírus da raiva procedente do morcego insetívoro Lassiurus ega e do virus fixo Challenge Virus Standard (CVS) no modelo hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) e camundongo (Mus musculus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-18082010-173232/.
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O isolamento do vírus da raiva (genótipo 1) a partir de morcegos não hematófagos está se tornando cada vez mais freqüente nas grandes cidades do Brasil. Este trabalho foi delineado para investigar a patogenicidade de um isolado do vírus da raiva, do morcego insetívoro Lassiurus ega, procedente do município de Presidente Prudente SP, em comparação ao vírus fixo da raiva, amostra CVS/32 (Challenge Vírus Standard). Os vírus foram reativados por meio de inoculação intracerebral em camundongos e os experimentos de patogenicidade foram realizados em camundongos e hamsters, desafiando-os pelas vias intramuscular (IM), intradérmica (ID), intranasal (IN) e abrasão superficial da pele (AP). A presença do vírus nos cérebros de animais que haviam manifestado sinais compatíveis à raiva, foi confirmada mediante a prova de imunofluorescência direta. Foram considerados para a avaliação da patogenicidade o quadro clínico, proporção de mortos, e a duração dos períodos de incubação (PI) e clínicos (PC) em dias. Em hamsters, o isolado de L. ega exibiu um quadro furioso, com proporção total de mortos de 2.60%; assim discriminada: 2.08% IM (PI: 11 dias; PC: 6 dias) e 8.33% IN (PI:10.66 ± 1.15 e PC: 7.33 ± 1.54). A presença do vírus no SNC foi detectada apenas em animais inoculados por essas vias. Por outro lado, o vírus CVS produziu um quadro paralítico com mortalidade total de 39.84%, com a seguinte distribuição: 62.50% IM (PI 7.50 ± 2.33; PC: 5.13 ± 1.89) 78.12% ID (PI 9.13 ± 2.23; PC 3.88 ± 2.23) 18.75% IN (PI 12.00 ± 2.77; PC 7.14 ± 2.54). Em camundongos, o isolado do L. ega manifestou sinais de agressividade e a raiva foi confirmada em animais inoculados IM e IN. A proporção de mortos observados em camundongos foi de 50.00% (PI 16.80 ± 2.20; PC 1.4 ± 0.54) e 30% (PI 14 ± 4.35; PC: 2.66 ± 0.57) respectivamente e o vírus CVS produziu mortalidade de 45.00% (PI: 6.30 ± 0.67; PC: 1.5 ± 0.70), 70% (PI: 7.14 ± 1.34; PC 2.28 ± 1.25) e 30% (PI:10.00; PC:1) pelas vias mencionadas acima, com quadro clínico de paralisia. O isolado de L. ega mostrou diferenças na proporção de mortos e quadro clínico furioso quando comparado com o CVS nos dois modelos animais. Os resultados sugerem que o contato com os morcegos insetívoros infectados pelo vírus da raiva representa um risco de transmissão da doença, por meio de ferimentos superficiais da pele provocadas pelas mordeduras ou ainda pela via respiratória, supostamente por meio de aerossóis. Pelo sequenciamento completo da proteína G viral do isolado do L. ega, foram observadas substituições na seqüência de aminoácidos nos sítios antigênicos AI, AII, assim como no domínio de fusão dependente de baixo pH. Os resultados obtidos, sugerem que as diferenças no comportamento biológico podem estar associadas às substituições encontradas na sequencia de aminoácidos da proteína G.The isolation of rabies virus (genotype 1) from the non-hematophagous bats is becoming frequent in heavy urbanized areas in Brazil. This work intended to investigate the pathogenicity of a Brazilian rabies virus isolate from the insectivorous bat Lassiurus ega, from PresidentePrudente-SP, comparing with the CVS/32 (Challenge Virus Standard) fixed rabies virus strain. The viruses were reactivated through intracerebral inoculation into mice and the pathogenicity experiments were made in hamsters and mice, challenged by intramuscular (IM), intradermal (ID) and intranasal (IN) routes and by superficial abrasion of skin. The presence of virus in the brain of animals manifesting the signs compatible with rabies was confirmed by the direct immunofluorescence test. For the evaluation of the pathogenicity, the clinical manifestations, incubation (IP) and clinical (CP) periods in days and the mortality were considered. In hamsters, the isolate of L. ega exhibited a furious form of rabies with total mortality rate of 2.60%, with following distribution: 2.08% IM (IP: 11 days; CP: 6 days) and 8.33% IN (IP: 10.66 ± 1.15 and PC: 7.33 ± 1.54). The presence of rabies virus in the CNS was detected only in animals inoculated through IM and IN routes. The CVS strain has provoked paralytic disease with a total mortality rate of 39.84% as the follow: 62.50% IM (IP 7.50 ± 2.33; CP: 5.13 ± 1.89), 78.12% ID (IP 9.13 ± 2.23; CP 3.88 ± 2.23) and 18.75% IN (IP 12.00 ± 2.77; CP 7.14 ± 2.54). In mice, the isolate of L. ega manifested signs of aggressiveness and rabies was confirmed in animals that were inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally. The total mortality rate observed in mice was 20%, by the IM route was 50% (IP 16.80 ± 2.20; CP 1.4 ± 0.54) and 30% by the intranasal route (IP 14.00 ± 4.35; CP: 2.66 ± 0.57) respectively. The CVS strain showed a total mortality rate of 45.00% and by the IM route, 100% (PI: 6.30 ± 0.67; CP: 1.5 ± 0.70), by the ID route, 70% (IP: 7.14 ± 1.34; CP 2.28 ± 1.25) and by IN, 30% (IP: 10, 00; C: 1.00) showing signs of paralysis. Compared to the CVS strain, the isolate of L. ega showed difference in mortality rate and signs of aggressiveness were found both in hamster and mouse model. The results suggest that the contact with the insectivorous bats infected with rabies virus would represent a risk of disease transmission, by means of superficial wounds of the skin inflicted by bites or by inhalation of aerosols. By the complete sequencing of the viral G protein of the isolate of L. ega, sequencings of amino acids substitutions were observed at antigenic sites AI, AII, as well as the in domain of fusion dependent on low pH. According to the results, differences in the biological behavior may be associated to the substitutions found in the amino acids sequence of the G protein.
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Khan, Daulat Raheem. "Reprogrammation embryonnaire et somatique au moment de la mise en route du génome dans l’embryon bovin." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T060.
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Lors de la fécondation, le sperme et l'ovule s'unissent pour former un zygote totipotent. Initialement, le zygote est transcriptionnellement inactif. Au cours des premiers clivages a lieu la mise en route du génome embryonnaire (EGA) et le développement passe alors sous le contrôle de l’information embryonnaire (au stade 8-16-cellules chez le bovin). Cette transition d’un contrôle maternel à un contrôle embryonnaire est appelée « maternal to embryonic transition (MET) ». De la même façon, lors du transfert nucléaire (clonage), un noyau de cellule somatique placé dans un ovocyte énucléé devient totipotent. Ce processus est appelé «reprogrammation nucléaire somatique?». En fait, la reprogrammation nucléaire lors du clonage est équivalente à la MET, toutefois, le clonage est très peu efficace. Les objectifs de cette étude chez les bovins sont a) d'explorer le processus de reprogrammation lors de la MET dans des embryons fécondés in vitro (FIV) et b) d’estimer l'efficacité de la reprogrammation génique après le transfert nucléaire lors du clonage. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que l'acquisition d'un profil d'expression génique correct pourrait être prédictif d’un potentiel de développement à terme de l'embryon, et pourrait être évalué dès juste après l'activation du génome embryonnaire (EGA) chez les bovins. Nous avons développé notre travail selon deux axes a) des analyses globales d'expression génique utilisant une puce dédiée à l’EGA et b) l’analyse du profil d'expression de gènes candidats par qRT-PCR dans les embryons fécondés et clonés. Dans un premier temps nous avons optimisé le protocole d'amplification d'ARNm pour l'analyse du transcriptome de matériels rares. Puis nous avons fait l'analyse du transcriptome avant et après EGA d’embryons issus d’ovocytes prélevés sur des vaches phénotypées comme « bonnes » ou « mauvaises » donneuses d’embryons. En outre, ces ovocytes ont été maturés soit in vivo soit in vitro. Nos analyses montrent que l'effet individuel est plus important que l'effet « bonne ou mauvaise donneuse » ou même que l’effet « conditions de maturation ». Nous avons ensuite analysé les expressions géniques de 5 types d'embryons clonés ayant différents potentiels de développement à terme en fonction de la lignée cellulaire utilisée comme source de cellules donneuses. Globalement, leur expression génique est proche de celle de morulae FIV, mais quelques gènes présentent une expression différente. Ces gènes varient avec la lignée de cellules donneuses et leur nombre n’est pas lié à l’aptitude au développement à terme. L’analyse d’un lien éventuel entre leur nature et cette aptitude devra être poursuivie. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons analysé les profils d'expression spatio-temporelle des transcrits et des protéines des gènes de pluripotence (OCT4, SOX2 et NANOG) et les niveaux d'ARNm de certains de leurs cibles dans les ovocytes et les embryons précoces chez le bovin. Les profils d'expression de ces gènes ont aussi été analysés dans des embryons clonés présentant différents potentiels de développement à terme. Nos résultats montrent que (1) la triade de gènes de pluripotence n'est probablement pas impliquée dans l’EGA bovine. (2) les transcrits et protéines de SOX2 et de NANOG sont restreints au lignage pluripotent plus tôt que ceux de OCT4, (3) les embryons à faible taux de développement à terme ont un taux de transcription plus élevé, néanmoins, l’équilibre précaire entre les gènes de pluripotence est maintenue. Cet équilibre pourrait permettre un développement normal in vitro, mais le taux de transcription plus élevé pourrait avoir des conséquences délétères sur le développement ultérieurIn natural fertilization, sperm and ovum unite to form a totipotent zygote. Initially, the zygote is transcriptionally inactive and after few cleavages (8-16-cell stage in bovine) embryonic genome activation (EGA) takes place and embryo shifts from maternal to embryonic control, the process called maternal to embryonic transition (MET). Likewise, in nuclear transplantation (cloning) a somatic cell nucleus achieves totipotency when placed in an enucleated oocyte, the process called “nuclear reprogramming”. In fact, nuclear reprogramming in cloning experiments is equivalent to MET; however, this process is afflicted with low efficiency. The objectives of this study in bovine were a) to explore the process of MET reprogramming of in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos and b) to estimate the efficiency of gene reprogramming after nuclear transfer in animal cloning. We hypothesized that the acquisition of a proper gene expression pattern could herald development potential of the embryos, which could be assessed as early as morula stage or after embryonic genome activation (EGA) in bovine. Here, we opted for a study plan consisting of two axes a) global gene expression analysis using an EGA-dedicated microarray and b) candidate gene expression profiling through qRT-PCR in the fertilized and cloned bovine embryos. Firstly, we optimized the protocol of mRNA amplification for transcriptome analysis which generates antisens-RNA (aRNA). Then we did transcriptomic analysis of the 4-cell and morulae derived from two genotypes having better and two genotypes having poorer in vitro embryonic development potentials. In addition, these oocytes were either matured in vivo or in vitro. We observed that the effect of individual genotype was more important than the effect of the phenotypic category (poorer or better) or conditions of oocyte maturation. Furthermore, we explored the expression patterns of 5 types of cloned embryos having different full term developmental potentials depending upon the donor cell line used. Their genes expression patterns closely resembled to the IVF morulae, except for few genes which present differences. These genes vary with the cell line used as somatic cell donor for SCNT and the number of these deregulated genes did not increase with the poorer developmental potential of the cloned embryos. The analysis of an eventual correlation between the potential for embryonic development to term and nature of the deregulated genes should be addressed. Secondly, we charted quantitative and/or qualitative spatio-temporal expression patterns of transcripts and proteins of pluripotency genes (OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG) and mRNA levels of some of their downstream targets in bovine oocytes and early embryos. Furthermore, to correlate expression patterns of these genes with term developmental potential, we used cloned embryos, instead of gene ablation, having similar in vitro but different full term development rates. We chose these genes to be analysed since pluripotency genes are implicated in mouse embryonic genome activation (EGA) and pluripotent lineage specification. Moreover, their expression levels have been correlated with embryonic term development. Our findings affirm: first, the core triad of pluripotency genes probably is not implicated in bovine EGA since their proteins were not detected during pre-EGA phase, despite the transcripts for OCT4 and SOX2 were present. Second, an earlier ICM specification of SOX2 and NANOG makes them better candidates of bovine pluripotent lineage specification than OCT4. Third, embryos with low term development potential have higher transcription rates; nevertheless, precarious balance between pluripotency genes is maintained. This balance presages normal in vitro development but, probably higher transcription rate disturbs it at later stage that abrogates term development
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Farská, Kateřina. "Cognitive Depletion and Its Effect on Decision Making." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165267.
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One of the factors significantly influencing our daily decisions is the so-called cognitive depletion.The theory of cognitive depletion postulates the existence of a limited mental resource that is necessary for self-regulation. If the resource is diminished by a task involving self-control, achievement in subsequent self-control task will be impaired. This project examines the effect of cognitive depletion on decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task designed to simulate real-life decision making involving gains and losses. Further, a possible effect of moderating factors that could be affected by cognitive depletion and consequently influence decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task -- risk preference and impulsivity -- is investigated. Dual-process theories postulate there are two systems involved in decision-making: faster, intuitive, emotional System 1 and slower, deliberative, rational System 2. It was found that cognitive depletion leads to enhancement of System 1. As advantageous decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task are closely related to emotional reactions -- domain of System 1 -- it was hypothesized that cognitive depletion will lead to not worse, or possibly even better results in depleted subjects. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted involving 39 subjects in total. No difference was found in average desicions of depleted and non-depleted subjects in the Iowa Gambling Task, supporting the hypothesis. Further, short-term increase in impulsivity caused by cognitive depletion was very probably moderating choices in the IGT, leading to worse overall performance. Regarding risk preferences, we found that non-depleted subjects were generally more risk seeking in losses context, while depleted subjects exhibited rather loss aversion. This change in risk behaviors due to cognitive depletion very probably did not mediate choices in the Iowa Gambling Task.
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REIMUND, BERNARD. "Mecanismes de transactivation du promoteur e2a d'adenovirus par l'oncogene e1a et la proteine e4." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR13057.
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Le gene e2a d'adenovirus, exprime durant la phase precoce de l'infection, sous le controle des proteines virales e1a et e4, est un excellent systeme-modele pour l'etude des mecanismes impliques dans la regulation de l'expression des genes transcrits par l'arn polymerase b (ou ii). L'analyse detaillee de la structure de ce promoteur a notamment revele l'existence de deux sites e2f, d'un site atf et de plusieurs sites c alpha, essentiels a la fois pour l'activite basale et la transactivation du gene par les proteines e1a et e4. Nous avons determine la contribution respective de chacun de ces elements dans le controle de l'activite du promoteur e2a et tente de caracteriser les mecanismes mis en uvre. Ainsi, nos resultats permettent de conclure que l'activation du promoteur par e1a implique des interactions directes entre cette proteine et le facteur atf, ainsi qu'une modulation eventuelle des liaisons des facteurs e2f et c alpha sur des sites communs. L'activation par e4 resulte d'une interaction de cette proteine avec le facteur e2f qui entraine la fixation cooperative de 2 molecules e2f sur le promoteur. D'autre part, l'etude de la regulation du promoteur e2a par les proteines e1a et e4 dans des cellules d'embryocarcinomes de souris, avant et apres differentiation, nous a permis d'approcher certains aspects de la differentiation cellulaire. Ainsi, nous avons pu etablir une relation entre l'activite du promoteur e2a et la presence de la proteine du retinoblastome qui module l'activite du facteur e2f et la presence de la proteine du retinoblastome qui module l'activite du facteur e2f en se complexant a celui-ci
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ROGHI, CHRISTIAN. "CARACTERISATION DE DEUX PROTEINES-KINASES Eg2 et Eg3 CLONEES PAR HYBRIDATION DIFFERENTIELLE CHEZ LE XENOPE." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN10184.
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Notre travail de these a consiste a identifier les proteines codees par les clones eg2 et eg3. Ces adnc correspondent a des arnm specifiquement desadenyles apres la fecondation chez le xenope. Le sequencage de ces deux adnc nous a permis de constater que les sequences qui en sont deduites presentent l'ensemble des motifs caracteristiques retrouve dans les sous-domaines du domaine catalytique des proteines kinases. L'analyse de la sequence des sous-domaines 6b et 8 nous permet de supposer que ces molecules seraient potentiellement des serine/threonine-kinases. L'interrogation des banques de donnees proteiques nous a permis de constater que la sequence du domaine catalytique de la proteine eg2 presentait la similitude la plus elevee avec le domaine catalytique de l'une des sous-unites catalytiques de la proteine kinase a identifiee chez s. Cerevisiae. Pour eg3, le domaine catalytique presente un pourcentage de similitude superieur a 50% avec la sequence du domaine catalytique de la proteine kinase bkin2 identifiee chez h. Vulgare. Dans cette derniere, le domaine catalytique est excentre du cote de l'extremite nh2 de la molecule ce qui correspond a une position peu frequente dans la famille des serine/threonine kinases. Nous avons mis en evidence deux adnc (eg2a et eg2b) codant pour des proteines dont l'identite est de 94,4%. Nous avons prepare un serum polyclonal dirige contre une region specifique de la proteine eg2. Ce dernier nous a permis de constater que la proteine est presente des le debut de l'ovogenese et subsiste au moins jusqu'au stade bourgeon caudal. De plus, nous avons montre que la proteine eg2 est majoritairement synthetisee pendant la maturation ovocytaire. Ceci est en correlation avec la polyadenylation de l'arnm qui a lieu au cours de cette meme phase de l'ovogenese. La proteine est localisee au niveau des poles du fuseau mitotique
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Altun, Naci Emre. "Beneficiation Of Himmetoglu And Beypazari Oil Shales By Flotation And Their Thermal Characterization As An Energy Source." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606990/index.pdf.
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Processing of Bolu-Himmetoglu (Type I Kerogen) and Ankara-Beypazari (Type II Kerogen) oil shales by flotation techniques were investigated for achieving clean solid fuel substitutes. Materials characterization was done through mineralogical, XRD and FTIR analyses. Flotation responses of the samples were tested with non-ionizing and ionizing collectors of cationic and anionic types. The effects of the collector dosage and pulp pH on cleaning were determined. Other important flotation parameters, conditioning time, flotation time, pulp density, particle size and frother dosage were encountered using a statistical approach, through a full two level factorial experimental design. An advanced flotation procedure, assisted by ultrasonic application, was developed for further improvement in flotation performance. The effects of cleaning on thermal characterstics and combustion kinetics were evaluated with Differential Scanning Calorimetry and ASTM methods while the changes in the emission profiles were assessed using Effluent Gas Analysis.
Himmetoglu sample was characterized as a carbonate and organic rich humic oil shale with XRD and FTIR analyses while Beypazari oil shale involved significant carbonate and clay minerals and exhibited a fulvic character with a poor organics content. Reverse flotation with amine acetates provided the most effective means of cleaning with Himmetoglu oil shale. Ash was decreased from 34.76 % to 23.52 % with a combustible recovery of 83.57 % using 800 g/ton Flotigam CA at natural pH and the calorific value increased from 4312 kcal/kg to 5010 kcal/kg. Direct flotation with amines was most effective for Beypazari oil shale cleaning. Using Armoflote 17, ash was reduced from 69.88 % to 53.10 % with 58.64 % combustible recovery using 800 g/ton Armoflote 17 at natural pulp pH and the calorific value of the sample increased from 876 kcal/kg to 2046 kcal/kg. Following optimization, ash of Himmetoglu oil shale decreased to 16.81 % with 84.10 % combustible recovery and calorific value increased to 5564 kcal/kg. For Beypazari oil shale ash decreased to % 48.42 with 59.17 % combustible recovery and the calorific value increased to 2364 kcal/kg. Ultrasonic pre-treatment before flotation further decreased the ash of Himmetoglu sample to 11.82 % with 82.66 % combustible recovery at 15 minutes pre-conditioning time and 50 % power level. For Beypazari oil shale, ash decreased to 34.76 % with 64.78 % combustible recovery after 15 minutes pre-treatment time at 70 % power level. Comparative XRD spectra and SEM analyses revealed that the extent of mineral matter removal relied on the flotation performance.
The thermal indicators considerably improved after cleaning and the extent of improvement increased with a decrease in the ash of the concentrates. Kinetic analysis showed the favorable effect of inorganics removal on the effectiveness and easiness of combustion and activation energies decreased after cleaning for both oil shales. The contributions of cleaning on the effectiveness of combustion were also revealed by the increases in the emission rates and total CO2 and CO emission amounts. CO2 emissions due to mineral matter decomposition and harmful SO2 emissions apparently decreased as a consequence of the cleaning of the undesired inorganic contituents and potentially cleaning components. Results of the cleaning and thermal analysis sudies revealed that it was possible to achieve a clean energy source alternative from oil shales through flotation and a significant potential can be anticipated for future use of oil shales as a cost effective and environmental friendly solid fuel substitute in view of Turkey’
s great oil shale reserves.
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Peri, Francesca. "The role of EGF and TGF-[beta] [TGF-beta] signaling specifying the polarity of the Drosophila egg and embryo." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963638386.
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Rajakumar, Vandana. "Study of the Role of EGL-38 PAX in the Developing Egg-Laying System and Germline Cell Survival in Caenorhabditis Elegans." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1166929817.
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Misner, Scottie, and Evelyn Whitmer. "Egg and Egg Product Safety and Quality." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146664.
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2 pp.Revision of 1997 title by Meer and Misner
From 1988 to 1992, 66% of all food-borne illnesses caused by salmonella enteritidis involved eggs or foods containing eggs. Contamination of eggs may occur on the inside as well as the outside of the shell. This article outlines the proper refrigeration, cooking and handling methods to prevent most egg safety problems.
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Cornwell, Lisa Michele. "Ego development or ego denial : is there a Christian case for a healthy ego?" Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ego-development-or-ego-denial(308c6498-2237-4e3a-98fb-386d9793611c).html.
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This thesis explores the nature of the ego, drawing upon Christian and secular conceptions, in order to determine whether it is something to be affirmed or denied. Contemporary perspectives which either overvalue the individual self, or retort by refuting it, are questioned in the light of psychology, spirituality and Christian doctrine. I have been vexed by the existence of two seemingly opposing views within Christian popular culture. Those who look to the mystical tradition, the Spirituality of the Desert, claim that self-denial is the path to spiritual enlightenment and discovery of the true self; the ego is a false self. By contrast, the world of psychology endorses the merits of a healthy ego. Accordingly, psychology has made a significant contribution to pastoral theology and the life of church communities, especially in relation to personality dynamics. I seek to overcome this dichotomy through a broadening of our understanding of the self and adoption of the notion of personhood arising from a theological anthropology, which includes a relational understanding of imago Dei, Christological kenosis and the social doctrine of the Trinity. Findings are related to the paradoxical demand of Christian discipleship, encapsulated by Jesus’ teaching that his followers must lose themselves in order to be save themselves. The thesis concludes with a more practical turn, applying the insights of the earlier psychology and spirituality chapters, to assess tools for daily life for enhancing emotional and spiritual intelligence, which are taken as interdependent. The goal is for the ego to become servant, not master. The overall approach is a theoretical interdisciplinary one, drawing on the perspectives of philosophy, sociology, psychology, spirituality and theology, in order to gain a comprehensive picture of the ego.
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Iwamatsu, Takashi. "Egg Activation." Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Nagoya University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12789.
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Camere, Salcedo Renzo Fabian, Reaño Jesus Salvador Enco, Silva Adrian Gonzalez, and Balarezo Adela Catherine Vassallo. "Power EGG." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626421.
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Hoy en día, el gobierno peruano establece normas de protección saludable para los niños con el fin de proteger su salud. Por ese motivo, la industria alimenticia y el consumidor peruano vienen cambiando sus hábitos de compras y consumo saludable, de cara a estos cambios, se ha detectado la oportunidad de ofrecer un producto alimenticio saludable y nutritivo contribuyendo a la salud de los niños peruanos.
“Power Eggs” busca posicionarse en el mercado peruano en los segmentos A, B y C como un complemento nutricional, brindando a las madres de familia una alternativa de nutrición para el consumo diario de los niños.
El mercado al que se apunta está conformado por 9, 485,406 de mujeres con hijos entre las edades de 2 a 12 años en la ciudad de Lima, para el cual se ha calculado un mercado target de 1,171,437 personas.
Uno de los principales objetivos es alcanzar un 20% de participación sobre el target de 39,420 personas, como un crecimiento anual de 10% en los próximos 5 años.
Como principal estrategia se busca posicionar un producto diferencial de apoyo a la alimentación saludable en el mercado peruano.Today, Peruvian government establishes healthy protection norms for children in order to protect their health. For that reason, the food industry and Peruvian consumer have been changing their shopping habits and healthy consumption. Faced with these changes, it has been detected the opportunity to offer a healthy and nutritious food product contributing to the health of Peruvian children. “Power Eggs” seeks to position itself on the Peruvian market in segments A, B and C as a nutritional supplement, providing mothers with an alternative nutrition for the daily consumption of children. The market we aim for is made up of 9, 485,406 women with children between the ages of 0 to 12 years in the city of Lima, for which we have a target market of 1, 171,437 people. One of the main objectives is to reach a 20% of participation on the target, as an annual growth of 10% in the next 5 years. It main strategy is to position a differential product to support healthy eating in the peruvian market.
Trabajo de investigación
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Schnauder, Ingo. "Strömungsstruktur und Impulsaustausch in gegliederten Gerinnen mit Vorlandvegetation." Karlsruhe : Institut für Wasserwirtschaft und Kulturtechnik, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), 2004. http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/eva/index.html.
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Singh, Anupam K. "Towards decision support models for an ungauded catchment in India : the case of Anas catchment." Karlsruhe : Institut für Wasserwirtschaft und Kulturtechnik, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), 2004. http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/eva/index.html.
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Kim, Jong-Woo. "Mobilisierung und Immobilisierung von mineralischen Feinstkornaggregaten an Gewässersohlen." Karlsruhe : Institut für Wasserwirtschaft und Kulturtechnik, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), 2004. http://www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/eva/index.html.
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Bohlenius, Maja, and Agneta Sjölin. "ICA:s egna märkesvaror : Hur ökas kundens lojalitet till egna märkesvaror?" Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6466.
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Denna uppsats behandlar dagligvaruhandelns egna märkesvaror, så kallade EMV, kring vilket uppmärksamheten har ökat under senare år. Den ökande priskonkurrensen har påskyndat svenska dagligvarukedjors satsning på EMV, då dessa i regel innebär lägre priser till konsumenterna och högre marginaler till detaljisten själv. Vi har i denna uppsats avgränsat oss till att studera dagligvarukedjan ICA. Uppsatsens huvudsyfte är att ge ICA förslag på aktiviteter som ökar kundens lojalitet mot EMV (egna märkesvaror). För att nå vårt syfte har vi genom kvalitativa intervjuer kartlagt hur ICA: s marknadsföring av deras EMV sker idag, vilka metoder som används och hur kommunikationen sker med kund. Vi har intervjuat personer inom ICA-koncernen, ICA-handlare samt även genomfört en mindre kundundersökning i butik. Vi har därtill intervjuat en ämneskunnig person, en varumärkesexpert på ett konsultföretag. Vår ansats i denna uppsats har varit av hermeneutisk deduktiv karaktär i syfte att skapa förståelse för faktorer som styr kundens val av produkt i butik och för att därmed kunna ge förslag på lojalitetsskapande aktiviteter. Vårt empiriska material tillsammans med tidigare forskning visar att aktiviteter för att öka lojaliteten till EMV först och främst handlar om varumärkesuppbyggande. Förmågan att skapa positiva associationer till varumärket ICA bör leda till ökad lojalitet mot både kedjan och dess EMV. Vi kan konstatera att ICA har valt att bygga kundlojalitet genom sitt varumärke. Specifika aktiviteter för att öka lojaliteten till EMV genomförs inte. Vår övergripande rekommendation till ICA gällande lojalitetsskapande aktiviteter är främst att lyfta fram ICA-handlarens roll i varumärkesprocessen. Vi menar att butikerna måste vara hjärtat i varumärkesprocessen och i kommunikationen med kund. ICA bör skapa rätt förutsättningar för handlaren med personal att lyssna på kunden, möta kunden och förstärka ICA: s budskap. En annan viktig faktor för att öka kundens lojalitet är förmågan att skapa mervärde för kunden i form av unika EMV-produkter som löser kundens hela problem. Vad som är särskilt viktigt för kunden i valet mellan EMV och andra varor är övervägningen av uppfattad risk i samband med köp av EMV. Denna uppsats utmynnar i ett antal olika förslag på aktiviteter som kan reducera denna risk. Nyckelord: egna märkesvaror, dagligvaruhandeln, ICA, lojalitet, varumärke, riskreducering
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Wilson, Susan. "Gender differences in adolescent ego development and ego functioning level." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2002. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=180.
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Wong, Albert S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Drug-encapsulating EGF-sensitive liposomes for EGF-overexpressing cancer therapies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54210.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-72).
'Smart' targeted drug carriers have long been sought after in the treatment of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-overexpressing cancers due to the potential advantages, relative to current clinical therapies (generally limited to surgery, radiation therapy, traditional chemotherapy, and EGF receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs)), of using such 'smart' targeted drug delivery systems. However, progress toward this goal has been challenged by the difficulty of creating a drug carrier that can autonomously detect and respond to tumor cells in the body. 'Smart' micron-size drug-encapsulating epidermal growth factor (EGF)-sensitive liposomes for EGF-overexpressing cancer therapies have been developed and studied. These drug-encapsulating liposomes remain inert until they are exposed to an abnormal concentration of EGF. As a drug delivery system, these drug-encapsulating liposomes could release pharmaceutical agents specifically in the immediate neighborhood of tumors overexpressing EGF, thereby maximizing the effective amount of drug received by the tumor while minimizing the effective systemic toxicity of the drug. Additionally, quantitative mathematical models were developed to characterize multiple critical rate processes (including drug leakage from drug-encapsulating liposomes and distribution of (drug-encapsulating) liposomes in blood vessels) associated i with (drug-encapsulating) liposomes in general.
(cont.) These quantitative mathematical models provide a low-cost and rapid method for screening novel drug-encapsulating liposome compositions, configurations, and synthetic methods to identify liposome compositions, configurations, and synthetic methods that would deliver optimal performance. The results provide a stepping stone toward the development of EGF-sensitive liposomes for clinical use. More generally, they also present implications for future development of other targeted drug delivery vehicles.
by Albert Wong.
S.M.
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Reifarth, Simon. "Efficiency and Mixing Analysis of EGR-Systems for Diesel Engines." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Förbränningsmotorteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140850.
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The reduction of fuel consumption and the reduction of toxic emissions are the main goals of research and development in the area of internal combustion engines. The use of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to come further in that direction is today an established method for diesel engines. EGR reduces the emissions of nitrogen oxides with a low penalty in fuel consumption. The increasingly hard regulations on emissions put high pressure on the manufacturers to improve these systems. The present work aims at increasing the knowledge in the area of EGR. Two of the main challenges when applying EGR are addressed, efficiency and mixing. The efficiency of the EGR-system is analyzed, focusing on keeping the fuel penalty low for a given EGR-rate. Different layouts of the EGR system are studied and compared regarding their stationary and transient properties. Exergy analysis is used to show the potential for improvement in different system components. In the same time, exergy analysis as a tool is introduced and compared to energy analysis of a system. The usefulness of exergy analysis of the entire gas exchange is shown by the example of a heavy-duty diesel engine. The problem of EGR and air mixing is approached by a detailed study of the mixing process in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Different methods for the measurement of EGR distribution are presented and compared. Additionally, the possibility to predict the mixing effects by 1-D and 3-D simulation is assessed. It is shown that the mixing between air and EGR is highly dependent on the pulsating nature of the flow. The EGR is shown to be transported in packets in the air flow. This leads to the conclusion that mixing not only at the mixing point, but also mixing in flow direction needs to be optimized, as the distribution of EGR between the cylinders is dependent on the timing between the passage of the EGR packets and the valve opening time.QC 20140203
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Ruddell, Caroline Deborah. "The besieged ego." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6529.
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'The Besieged Ego' critically appraises the representation, or mediation, of identity in contemporary film and television shows through a thorough analysis of split and fragmentary characters. As I show, the prevalence of nonautonomous characters in horror, fantasy and psychological based film and television products calls into question the very concept of a unified, 'knowable' identity that can be traced progressively through time with continuity. I use psychoanalysis as an interpretive tool and model in order to effectively understand representations of identity that are not 'whole'; psychoanalysis arguably allows for, and engages with, a splintered or fractured identity as its very premise lies in unknowable psychical forces such as the unconscious. The concept of 'ego' is particularly useful as a concept through which to analyse onscreen representations of identity; the differing definitions of Freud's ego (realist and narcissistic) alongside Lacan's delusional ego allow for an understanding of identity that shifts and is deeply enigmatic, unknowable and in essence confusing. However, representations of split identities can only be fully examined in light of social and cultural contexts; I therefore employ an eclectic range of approaches and methodologies throughout the thesis in order to ascertain what is at stake in the representation and meaning of the double. The form of the double, and cinematic modes and rhetorics used to denote fragmentary identity, is addressed in the thesis through a detailed analysis of texts drawn from a range of industrial and cultural contexts. The double carries significant cultural meanings about what it means to be 'human' and the experience of identity as a gendered individual; I argue that the double, or split identity, has become a 'new myth' that expresses in fictional form our problematic experience of the world as a social, and supposedly whole and autonomous, subject.
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Helgesson, Anna. "Projektrapport "Lilla Ego"." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för design, inredningsarkitektur och visuell kommunikation (DIV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6746.
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Dupuis, Pascal. "Ego, lutte, image." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010639.
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"ego, lutte, image" se propose de questionner l'univers de l'art applique defini comme l'ensemble des pratiques ou se trouvent confrontes texte et image ; ensemble dont les produits concrets sont par exemple l'affiche, la couverture de livre, l'illustration de presse. Nous poserons la question, dans l'art applique, de l'image figurative. Quelle est la fonction, la situation culturelle de cette image ? quelle est la nature de ce qui laz lie au texte ? quels sont les mecanismes de son interaction avec le texte ? mais d'abord quels outils conceptuels faut-il se donner pour explorer l'art applique et mettre ainsi en perspective le statut de l'image figurative ?
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Ryan, Christian. "Ego-syntonic obsessions." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31321.
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The supposed synonymity of obsessions and intrusive thoughts is critically examined. It is suggested that there may be distinct differences in the appraisal of classic intrusive thoughts which feature aggressive or sexualised content and the appraisal of contamination fears. This is significant for both the current definition of obsessions and to the cognitive model proposed by Salkovskis (1985, 1989). Following a review of the research into the relationship between intrusive thoughts and obsessions, Salkovskis's cognitive-behavioural model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (Salkovskis, 1985, 1989) is examined and two key papers, which are often cited to support the view that intrusive thoughts in the normal population are synonymous with obsessive thoughts as experienced by OCD patients, are critically appraised. Evidence from a number of phenomenological studies is also considered as an alternative source of information about the nature of obsessions in the clinical population. The development of a new measure, the Obsessive Thoughts Appraisal Scale is reported. This measure was used with both clinical and non-clinical samples (n = 109). It was found to have adequate psychometric properties. The results of the hypothesis testing indicate that judgements of ego-syntonic are not restricted to some small number of patients suffering from overvalued ideation, but rather ego-syntonic appraisals of some obsessions appears to be widespread but closely related to the individual's degree of obsessionality. Furthermore, obsessions concerning contamination were found to be significantly less ego-dystonic than those that concerned aggressive or sexually intrusive thoughts. Suggestions are made for both clinical practice and future research.
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Andersson, Lena. "Singeltubvärmeväxlare för EGR-applikationer." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170914.
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Lehman, Elizabeth Marie. "Egg toxicity and egg predation in rough-skinned newts, Taricha granulosa." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3229594.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 10, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: B, page: 4209. Adviser: Edmund D. Brodie, III.
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Bolander, Linnéa. "Det egna utrymmet : -Barns möjlighet att skapa egna rum i förskolan." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för utbildningsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27438.
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宅, 香菜子, and Kanako TAKU. "思春期自我発達の促進要因に関する理論的検討 : ストレス体験過程の積極的意義に着目したモデル構築の提案." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/3133.
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Mendoza, Antonio Campos. "Regulatory mechanisms associated with egg production and egg activation in Oreochromis niloticus." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417669.
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Carlsson, Christoffer, and Per Forsberg. "Återköp av egna aktier." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88146.
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Berggren, Anders. "LCA of Egg Phospholipids." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-134201.
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Egg phospholipids are a group of fats or lipids in the egg yolk, commonly used as emulsifiers in the chemical industry to facilitate the dissolving of substances. The pharmaceutical company Fresenius-Kabi manufactures this product and seeks a better understanding of the product’s major environmental impacts in order to comply with the ISO 14001 requirements, communicate its environmental performance and choose raw materials that result in lower environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to quantify and identify environmental impacts that occur in the life cycle of Fresenius-Kabi’s egg phospholipids product, and to suggest improvements on how the impacts could be reduced. The aim has been reached by following the life cycle assessment methodology. The life cycle consists of egg, egg yolk powder and egg phospholipids production. The major inputs to the life cycle include fertilizers, pesticides, hen feed, fuel oil and solvents. The major outputs are hen manure, egg residues, air and water emissions. The results show that the greatest impacts are generated in the production of hen feed, solvent feedstocks, the hen manure handing and the final egg phospholipids production. The most severe environmental impacts are found in the human toxicity and eutrophication impact categories. Pesticide and fertilizers usage in the cultivation of hen feed and solvent feedstocks generate phosphorus, manganese and arsenic emissions, which are emission substance sources in the human toxicity impact category. In addition, nitrate and phosphate emissions from fertilizer and hen manure affect the eutrophication. The emissions of NMVOC and carbon dioxide to air, as well as phosphorus to waste water, are the major environmental concerns in the final egg phospholipids manufacturing. Other impact categories such as climate change, photochemical oxidant formation, terrestrial acidification and fossil depletion have lower global impact. Five scenarios have been conducted in order to validate the results, and to provide Fresenius-Kabi with improvements. Lowering the production and intake of hen feed per kilogram eggs with six percent decrease the environmental impacts by 2 to 6 percent. Changing the ethanol feedstock to cellulose-based feedstocks clearly diminishes the toxicity related emissions due to lower fertilizer and pesticide usage. To replace other fat and protein sources with the egg residue byproduct that is yielded within the life cycle is the best treatment method of the egg’s non-phospholipids content. No specific improvements to the treatment method of the hen manure have been found. The fifth scenario includes a sensitivity analysis on the egg yolk powder allocation factor. To increase it from 11 to 25 percent does not give any significant effect on the final results, since this life cycle phase already has very low environmental impact. Actions that will have a significant effect on the egg phospholipids’ total environmental impact are optimize fertilizer and pesticide usage at hen feed and ethanol feedstock cultivations, lower ammonia and phosphate emissions from the hen manure management, and finally, reduced solvent, carbon dioxide, phosphorus and phosphate emissions from the final egg phospholipids manufacturing. Fresenius-Kabi is recommended to further look into these emission sources in order to decrease the egg phospholipids’ environmental impact.Äggfosfolipider är ett fett eller lipider i äggulan som används som emulgator i kemiindustrin för att förenkla andra medels sammanlösning. Farmasiföretaget Fresenius-Kabi tillverkar den här produkten och söker bättre förståelse för de största miljöproblemen med produktionen av produkten i syfte att uppfylla krav inom ISO 14001, kommunicera sitt miljöarbete, och att välja råmaterial med låg miljöpåverkan. Målet med den här studien är att kvantifiera och identifiera de största miljöproblemen i ett livscykelperspektiv med produktionen av äggfosfolipid. Målet har uppnåtts genom att följa standardmetoden för livscykelanalyser. Livscykeln består av ägg-, äggule och äggfosfolipid produktion. Den mest signifikanta tillförseln av produkter är gödsel, pesticider, hönsavföring, eldningsolja och lösningsmedel. De mest signifikanta produkter som lämnar livscykeln är hönsgödsel, ägg rester, luft och vatten emissioner. Resultaten visar att de mest betydelsefulla miljöproblemen uppstår i äggfosfolipidens livscykel äggproduktionen av hönsfoder och råvaror för etanolproduktion, hanteringen av hönsgödsel och vid den slutgiltiga äggfosfolipid tillverkningen. De mest betydande miljöpåverkanskategorierna är utsläpp av för människan toxiska ämnen och övergödning. Användandet av pesticider och gödsel vid produktion av råvaror till hönsfoder och etanol ger utsläpp av fosfor, mangan och arsenik, vilka är emissionskällor i den här kategorin. Emissioner av nitrat och fosfat från gödsel användning och hantering av hönsavföring är två emissionskällor till övergödningen. Miljöproblem som uppstår i den slutgiltiga äggfosfolipid produktionen är utsläpp av flyktiga kolväten vilka inte inkluderar metan, koldioxid och fosfor i avfallsvattnet. Andra påverkanskatergorier som till exempel klimatförändringarna, försurning och uttag av fossila bränslen har lägra global miljöpåverkan. Fem scenarioer har genomförts för att ge resultaten högre trovärdighet. Att minska produktion och intag av hönsfoder per kilogram ägg med sex procent minskar miljöpåverkan med 2 till 6 procent. Att byta råmaterial vid etanol produktionen till cellulosabaserade material minskar markant utsläppen av toxiska ämnen på grund av mindre användning av pesticider och gödsel. Att ersätta fett och protein källor med äggrester som uppstår i äggfosfolipidproduktionen ger mest nytta i ett miljöperspektiv. Ingen klar bästa behandlingsmetod för hönsavföringen har hittats. Femte scenariot inkluderar en känslighetsanalys på hur miljöpåverkan från äggulepulvret allokeras från övriga äggprodukter. Att öka allokeringsfaktor från 11 procent till 25 procent får ingen nämnvärd effekt på de totala resultaten, eftersom den livscykelfasen där äggulepulvret produceras redan har låg miljöpåverkan. Åtgärder som får störst påverkan på äggfosfolipidens totala miljöpåverkan är att optimera användandet av gödsel och pesticider vid fodertillverkningen och råvaruproduktion av etanol, minska utsläpp av ammonium och fosfater från hönsgödselavföring och gödselanvändning i samband med fodertillverkningen och råvaruproduktion av etanol samt lägre utsläpp av lösningsmedel, koldioxid, fosfor och fosfat från den slutgiltiga äggfosfolipidtillverkningen. Fresenius-Kabi rekomenderas att undersöka de här emissionskällorna för att minska miljöpåverkan från produktion av äggfosfolipid.
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Egelstig, Lars, and Petter Starenhed. "Återköp av egna aktier." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-652.
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Bakgrund: Från och med den 10 mars 2000 är det tillåtet för publika svenska börsföretag att handla i egna aktier. Det är intressant att belysa hur möjligheten att återköpa aktier uppfattas i Sverige.
Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att klargöra hur möjligheten att återköpa egna aktier påverkar ledningen och aktieägarna i ett aktiebolag.
Genomförande: Vi har studerat artiklar och litteratur om ämnet återköp. Besöksintervjuer har genomförts på Assa Abloy, Electrolux, Investor, Skanska, Robur Kapitalförvaltning och Handelsbanken Markets. En kombinerad telefon- och e-mailintervju har genomförts med Finansinspektionen.
Resultat: Det anses positivt att återköp av egna aktier nu är möjligt i Sverige. De främsta motiven till ett återköp är att hantera ett bolags kapitalstruktur och att använda aktierna för att hantera optionsprogram. Återköp anses som ett flexiblare instrument än inlösen och kompletterar utdelningen. Några större risker för missbruk anses det inte föreligga.
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Wang, Li Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Cholesterol and egg activation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122709.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 236 blank.
Includes bibliographical references.
The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor SR-BI controls the structure and fate of plasma HDL. The SR-BI knockout (KO) females are infertile, apparently due to their abnormal, cholesterol-enriched HDL particles. In this thesis, my colleagues and I examined the growth and meiotic progression of SR-BI KO oocytes and found that they underwent normal germinal vesicle breakdown; however, SR-BI KO eggs, which had accumulated excess cholesterol in vivo, spontaneously activated; they escaped metaphase II (MII) arrest and progressed to pronuclear, metaphase III and anaphase/telophase III stages. Eggs from fertile, wild-type mice were activated when loaded in vitro with excess cholesterol using a cholesterol/methyl-[beta]-cyclodextrin complex, phenocopying SR-BI KO oocytes.
In vitro cholesterol loading of eggs induced elevation of intracellular calcium (the [Ca²⁺]i spike), reduction in MPF and MAPK activities, extrusion of a second polar body and progression to meiotic stages beyond MI. These results suggest the infertility of SR-BI KO females is due, at least in part, to excess cholesterol in eggs inducing premature activation, and that cholesterol can activate wild-type mouse eggs to escape from MII arrest. In the Chapter 3, I studied the detailed mechanism of egg activation induced by excess cholesterol. I showed that the [Ca²⁺]i spike induced by excess cholesterol was necessary for egg activation and also sufficient for further development of the egg to the blastocysts stage. Excess cholesterol, in calcium free medium, did not induce changes in [Ca²⁺]i, indicating that extracellular calcium was required for the [Ca²⁺]i spike and also suggesting the entry of extracellular calcium via plasma membrane channel(s).
After screening of calcium channel inhibitors, single cell mRNA-sequencing and activation experiments using eggs from mutant females, I was able to show that co-inhibition of both the L-type calcium channel Ca[subscript v]1.3 and the transient receptor potential channel TRPC5, but not inhibition of either one alone, blocked the excess-cholesterol induced [Ca²⁺]i spike and egg activation. This result suggests that excess cholesterol activates the MII eggs by opening of Ca[subscript v]1.3 or TPRC5. Our results raise the possibility that excess cholesterol might also activate the same channels in other systems, and thus contribute to pathophysiology.
by Li Wang.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology
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Forsberg, Maria. "Medarbetarskap- det egna ledarskapet." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26295.
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The study aims to shed light on the phenomenon of employeeship at a SwedishStaffing Agencise . This has been done on the basis of two questions. How canemployeeship look like in a service? What is the role given employeeship indeveloping contexts? In order to answer the purpose and issues have a quantitativeapproach been used. Based on the theoretical frame of reference has the form ofsurveys created. These questionnaires distributed to 125 consultants at a SwedishStaffing Agencise, including 71 of them responded. The material has beenanalyzed and compared with the theoretical frames of reference. The results showthat there is a high sense of trust and responsibility to the organization Bolaget.Employees believe that the ability to influence their work is not the same as takingthe decisions which the job requires. The employees believes the manager stillmust have a central role. Friendship is an important part of both positive andnegative criticism. There is a constant worry for the future. The conclusions Idraw from my material is that there is a mutual respect, where trust is a powerfulmotivator. There are large areas to develop their teamwork at the company, wheremanagers relinquishes responsibility.
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Ahlfors, Annika. "Egna betygskriterier & ämnesmål." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30105.
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Detta arbetes syfte är att undersöka hur betygskriterier och ämnesmål i historia utformas på lokal nivå i högstadieskolan. För att kunna göra undersökningen har jag valt att intervjua två lärare och analysera texter på lokala kriterier från två skolor. De två skolorna representerar en kommunal skola, Norrlyckeskolan i Ödåkra samt en fristående skola, Kunskapsskolan i Landskrona. I mitt arbete redovisar jag respektive skolas arbetssätt och pedagogik. Jag har i min analys gjort en jämförelse mellan dessa två skolor för att på så sätt se om kriterierna skiljer sig åt mellan skolorna. Mitt resultat visar att det finns både likheter och skillnader mellan de båda skolorna som jag har valt att undersöka. Likheterna finns framförallt i den lägsta betygsnivån, godkänd, medan olikheterna visar sig i de två övriga nivåerna, väl godkänd och mycket väl godkänd. Den fristående skolan använder svårare betygskriterier och de kräver mer av eleverna än den kommunala skolan på de två högra betygsnivåerna. Det finns även andra skillnader mellan skolorna så som sättet de undervisar på, hur lärarna informerar elever och föräldrar om vad som gäller vid betygssättning, hur lärarna samverkar med andra lärare när de skriver de lokala kriterierna samt hur många timmar de undervisas i historia och vilket material de använder i undervisningen. Mina resultat som jag har kommit fram till i denna undersökning gäller bara för den kommunala skolan i min undersökning, Norrlyckeskolan, samt den fristående skolan, Kunskapsskolan i Landskrona. Man kan inte dra några slutsatser om att detta resultat gäller för alla kommunala och fristående skolor, det är undersökningens representativitet för litet för att kunna ge några säkra resultat.
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Mattsson, Sofie, and Erik Ek. "Egna märkesvaror i dagligvaruhandeln : - En studie om hur egna märkesvaror påverkar konsumentens impulsköp." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6237.
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The thesis concerns itself with studying the effects private brands has on the consumer’s impulse buying in the grocery industry, as in degree of unplanned spending and the selection process between manufacturer brands and private brands when such a purchase is performed. The study’s methodology is characterised by a qualitative approach, whereby the study acknowledges the inductive approach towards the empirical setting even though the Mehrabian-Russell model along with motivational theories serve as highlighters of relevant aspects in the empirical field. The study concludes that both the utilitarian and the hedonic consumer decide what to buy before entering the store, whereby a low degree of needs arise in the store. The effect private brands have on the consumer’s impulse buying is therefore limited by motivation, where this limitation is stronger for the utilitarian consumer. The utilitarian consumer consider the private brands lessening of the assortment’s depth to be positive as it simplifies the buying process, as long as the private brands do not lessen the width of the assortment. The hedonic consumer values both the depth and width of the assortment, and therefore holds a more negative attitude towards private brands. The utilitarian consumer does not distinguish between private and manufacturer brands while selecting a basic product as the consumer takes the decision based on product specific characteristics. When buying more seldom bought products, the consumer tends to select manufacturer brands, as the price difference compared to the private brand is considered too small to warrant a purchase of the less attractive private brands. The hedonic consumer values the manufacturer brands’ more attractive package designs whereby private labels are seldom selected, regardless of the type of product. The study concludes by discussing these findings’ implications for the Mehrabian-Russel model.
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Halderot, Karin, and Maria Sjöstrand. "EDA - På gott och ont : Förstföderskors kunskaper och behov av information om EDA." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12955.
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Bakgrund: Antalet förstföderskor som använder sig av EDA har ökat och idag använder dryga hälften EDA under förlossning. Det är den mest effektiva smärtlindringsmetoden som förlossningsvården har att tillgå. EDA vid förlossning är dock förknippat med biverkningar och risker. Barnmorskor har en viktig roll att ge information och undervisning om smärtlindring till gravida kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka förstföderskors kunskaper och behov av information om EDA inför förlossning. Metod: Studien genomfördes och analyserades med metoden kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med åtta förstföderskor. Resultat: De analyserade intervjuerna utmynnade i två huvudkategorier; EDA är en metod med fördelar och nackdelar och Förstföderskor har behov av olika information på olika sätt, med tre, respektive två, tillhörande underkategorier. Konklusion: Kvinnornas kunskaper varierade, och många var osäkra. De hade behov av olika information om EDA på flera olika sätt. De upplevde att det varken fanns tid eller möjlighet för diskussion om EDA med barnmorskor, vilket kunde bidra till en känsla av att inte ha fått tillräckligt med information. Barnmorskor behöver därför blir bättre på att erbjuda förstföderskor information om EDA, men även annan smärtlindring som används under förlossning, förslagsvis genom uttökad tid på MHV.Background: The number of primparas who use EDA has increased, and today more than half of them use EDA during childbirth. It is the most effective method of pain relief that is available in maternity care. EDA during childbirth is, however, associated with side effects and risks. Midwives have an important role to provide information and education about pain relief to pregnant women. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate primiparas knowledge and need of information about EDA during childbirth. Method: The study was conducted and analyzed by qualitative content analysis method with inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight primiparas. Results: The analyzed interviews resulted in two main categories; EDA is a method with advantages and disadvantages and Primiparas need different information in different ways, with three and two associated subcategories. Conclusion: The women's knowledges varied, and many were unsure. They needed different information about EDA in several different ways. They felt that there was neither time nor opportunity for discussion about EDA with midwives, which could contribute to a feeling of not having received sufficient information. Midwives must therefore improve in offering primiparas information about EDA, but also other forms pain relief used during childbirth, suggested by extended time at maternal health care.
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Fantin, Joseph D. "The identification of the referent of egō in Romans 7:7-12." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Spirit, Congregation of the Holy. "Information Documentation -- 1995 v.52." Congregation of the Holy Spirit, 1995. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/cdm-id,322.
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I/D 52 -- GENERAL COUNCIL, November 1995 -- THE ENLARGED GENERAL COUNCIL AT DAKAR, 1995 A "KAIROS" FOR THE CONGREGATION -- (pg. 1) -- A. THE COMMITMENT OF THE CONGREGATION IN AFRICA -- (pg. 1) -- B. OLD AND NEW FRONTIERS THAT HAVE TO BE CROSSED SPIRITAN MISSION TODAY -- (pg. 2) -- C. SPIRITAN FORMATION -- (pg. 3) -- D. THE ORGANISATION OF THE CONGREGATION -- (pg. 6) -- E. THE EGC HELPS US TO IDENTIFY THE SPIRIT THAT ENERGIZES THE SPIRITAN OF TODAY -- (pg. 7) -- OUR CONGREGATION IN THE WORLD TODAY -- (pg. 12)
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Toussaint, Ulrike. "Studien zu den Opern Werner Egks /." Mainz : Are-Ed, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2670369&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Blight, Louise K. "Egg neglect and its implications for egg predation in the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0030/MQ62611.pdf.
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Deas, Joseph Benjamin Jr. "The Egg Stacking Strategy: Reproductive Plasticity in Response to Egg Parasitism in Mimosestes Amicus." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293440.
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All organisms live in environments that are variable across space and time. Variation in selection across these environments may lead to the evolution of generalist genotypes that express phenotypic plasticity, in which one genotype can alter their phenotype (e.g., morphology, behavior, physiology) to match changes in environmental conditions, so that they may survive across a range of environments. In many egg-laying organisms that lack parental care, choosing an oviposition site is critical. The egg is an immobile stage of an animal's life cycle and mothers must balance a complex set of risks in deciding where to place their eggs. Because many biotic and abiotic factors are sources of selection on offspring survival, there is an advantage for females to evolve strategies in oviposition site selection to improve survival. This dissertation focuses on phenotypic plasticity in an offspring protection strategy that is triggered by natural enemies. In the seed beetle Mimosestes amicus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), females lay eggs on the outside of seed pods of legume trees and beetle larvae bore into and develop in the limited and discrete tissue of the seed. While most eggs are laid singly, I documented that beetle females superimpose eggs atop each other ("egg stacking") in response to the presence of egg parasitoids or parasitized eggs. In my first chapter, I investigated whether egg stacking is a strategy for protecting eggs from parasitism. In my second chapter, I examined female responses to variation in the number and dispersion of parasitized eggs on seed pods. Lastly, I investigated whether the intensity of stacking was affected by egg limitation (the risk of depleting her eggs before utilizing all hosts) or time limitation (losing reproductive ability or dying before laying all of her eggs). This study is unique in that it extends life history theory on egg and time costs to explain variation in egg protection behavior. The insights gained from this dissertation provide a foundation upon which we can examine how interactions among trophic levels impact the behavioral decisions made by insects that allow them to increase offspring survival.
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Wallentin, Mathias. "Undersökning av EGR-system i singelcylinder-provcell – med fokus på ökad tillgänglig EGR-mängd." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67840.
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Dagens förbränningsmotorer ställs inför allt högre krav på att minimera de miljöfarliga restprodukter som förbränningen av luft och bränsle ger upphov till. Efterbehandlingssystem har utvecklats i olika former för detta ändamål, där en utav dessa är EGR: Exhaust gas recirculation som bygger på att en del av motorns avgaser överförs tillbaka in i motorn och minskar bildningen av termiska kvävoxider. I detta examensarbete undersöktes ett EGR-system i AVL:s singelcylinder-provcell, där målsättningen var att kartlägga komponenternas inverkan på EGRflödet samt undersöka EGR-systemets begränsningar med fokus på att öka mängden EGR till motorn. Arbetet utfördes på AVL Motortestcenter AB i Södertälje för Karlstads Universitet i kursen Examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i maskinteknik MSGC17, fakulteten för natur- och teknikvetenskap under våren 2018. Kända metoder inom statistisk försöksplanering användes för undersökning av komponenterna i EGR-systemets inverkan, där resultaten ur testerna visade att komponenter i EGR-systemet som implementerats med anledning att erhålla högre EGR-flöden inte fungerade som önskat och bör därför uteslutas vid framtida körningar med provcellens EGR-system. Provningen var uppdelad i flera moment, där en utav testomgångarna bestod av att se hur EGR-systemet klarade av att leverera EGR till motorn vid höga laster och laddtryck. Utfallet av dessa tester visade att med dagens komponenter kunde EGR överföras till den grad att singelcylinder-motorn inte klarade av högre EGR-flöden än vad som undersöktes vid provningen.
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Gustavsson, Rhodin Hillevi. "Alter ego : Ett föränderligt bord." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design, DE, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6024.
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Projektet har gått ut på att göra ett flexibelt bord som ska kunna gå att förändra mellan högt och lågt och mellan olika storlekar på bordsskivan. Detta som en funktionell aspekt av föränderlighet men jag ville även införliva en emotionell föränderlighet. Jag vill att användaren, på ett handgripligt sätt, ska kunna uttrycka sig själv i bordet. Min intention är att man, genom att göra sitt eget unika bord, skapar ett starkare band mellan artefakt och dess användare. Detta som ett led i en hållbar utveckling så att produkterna vi äger kan brukas längre och motverka den ohållbara så kallade slit-och-slängkulturen.The aim of the project has been to make a flexible table with the ability to change between high and low, and various table tops. This is a functional aspect of variability, but also an emotional element is contained. I want it to be simple for users to express themself in their table. My intention is that when users can make their own unique table there will be a stronger bond between the artifact and its user. This as a means of sustainability so that the products we own can be used for a longer time, and in this way oppose the unsustainable consumerism culture.The aim of the project has been to make a flexible table with the ability to change between high and low, and various table tops. This is a functional aspect of variability, but also an emotional element is contained. I want it to be simple for users to express themself in their table. My intention is that when users can make their own unique table there will be a stronger bond between the artifact and its user. This as a means of sustainability so that the products we own can be used for a longer time, and in this way oppose the unsustainable consumerism culture.
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Ståhl, Daniel, and Freddie Tydal. "Direct-EGR tillämpat på HCCI." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101174.
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The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is promising in terms of low NO x, low particulates and high efficiency. Due to its homogeneous charge, where the combustion starts almost simultaneously from a number of points in the combustion chamber, only lean mixtures are possible to burn because of the resulting rapid combustion, which is much faster than the combustion in an SI-engine or a diesel engine. When richer mixtures are used the combustion will start earlier and also be more violent. To phase the combustion later and lower the combustion speed, external cooled EGR can be used. The EGR-system used in this thesis uses a divided exhaust channel where one channel and its corresponding valve are used only for transporting EGR back to the intake system. Consequently the EGR-valve is connected to the intake pressure. This system is called Direct- EGR (D-EGR). Engine tests verified that the CA50 indeed is phased later when cooled EGR is used. The more cooled EGR that is available in the combustion chamber, the later the CA50 is phased. Hence power output of the HCCI-engine can be improved quite a bit when large EGR-rates are used, because of the possibility of increasing the injected fuel amount. Simulations in GT-Power were made to determine how the EGR-valve lift and exhaust valve lift should be made to transfer a certain amount of EGR with as good total efficiency as possible. The simulations showed that two different valve timing strategies should be used. Which one of the two strategies that should be used depends on the pressure difference between the intake and the exhaust as well as the engine speed. These valve timing strategies are called the Major lift strategy and the Minor lift strategy. To determine the efficiency of the D-EGR-system, a comparison with an ordinary external EGR system was carried out. The comparison showed that the D-EGR-system performs well, especially at high load and low engine speeds. At high engine speeds the increase in flow losses affects the performance in a negative way for the D-EGR-system. At low load the intake pressure may exceed the exhaust pressure, which makes it unbeneficial to do a part of the exhaust stroke with the EGR-valve open towards the higher intake pressure. In terms of transient response the D-EGR-system was proven to be fast, with a possibility to change the EGR-rate in just a couple of cycles.HCCI-motorn (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) är lovande då det gäller låga utsläpp av NO x, låga partikelutsläpp och hög verkningsgrad. På grund av dess homogena bränsleblandning, där förbränningen startar nästan samtidigt i ett antal punkter i förbränningsrummet, kan endast magra bränsleblandningar förbrännas med anledning av den snabba förbränningen, vilken är mycket snabbare än i en ottomotor eller dieselmotor. Om fetare bränsleblandningar förbränns startar förbränningen tidigare och blir våldsammare. För att fasa förbränningen senare och sänka förbränningshastigheten kan extern, kyld EGR användas. EGR-systemet som används i detta examensarbete använder sig av en delad avgaskanal, där den ena kanalen och ventilen används för att föra tillbaka EGR till insugssidan. EGR-ventilen öppnar alltså mot insugstrycket. Detta system kallas Direct-EGR (D-EGR). Motorprov verifierade att CA50 verkligen senareläggs då kyld EGR används. Ju mer kyld EGR som finns i förbränningsrummet, desto senare fasas CA50. Därmed kan effektuttaget i HCCImotorn höjas då stora EGR-mängder används på grund av möjligheten att spruta in en större mängd bränsle. Simuleringar i GT-Power kördes för att bestämma hur EGR-ventilen och avgasventilen skall lyftas för att föra tillbaka en viss mängd EGR med så god totalverkningsgrad som möjligt. Simuleringarna visade att två olika ventiltidsstrategier bör användas. Vilken av dessa strategier som skall användas beror på tryckskillnaden mellan insug och avgas samt motorvarvtalet. Dessa ventiltidsstrategier kallas Major lift strategy och Minor lift strategy. För att bestämma hur effektivt D-EGR-systemet är, genomfördes en jämförelse med ett externt EGR-system. Jämförelsen visade att D-EGR-systemet är ett väl fungerande system, speciellt vid hög last och lågt motorvarvtal. Vid höga motorvarvtal ökar strömningsförlusterna, vilket påverkar D-EGR-systemet på ett negativt sätt. Vid låg last kan insugstrycket överstiga avgastrycket, vilket gör det ogynnsamt att göra en del av avgasslaget med EGR-ventilen öppen mot det högre insugstrycket. När det gäller D-EGR-systemets transienta respons påvisades det att systemet är snabbt, med möjlighet att ändra EGR-mängd inom ett par cykler.
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Trani, Maria. "La poesia di E.A. Mario /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68141.
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The present work examines the poetry in neapolitan language and particularly the works of E. A. Mario, fin de siecle poet and melody writer, who contributed considerably to the song history.The first part introduces us to the neapolitan regional poetry as well as to its language to finally conclude with the poetry set to music: the song. The ideal atmosphere is the cafe-chantant. The poets of the time including Salvatore Di Giacomo and the generation after are surveyed.
The second part deals with the author. It describes his life, his art and his works, rich of popular and especially classical elements, which crowned him with success.