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Connell, Bruce, Firmin Ahoua, and Dafydd Gibbon. "Ega." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32, no. 1 (June 2002): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002510030200018x.
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Ega is an endangered language spoken in the south-central region of Côte d'Ivoire, in Divo Department. The precise number of speakers is not known at present; the 14th Ethnologue (Grimes 2000) reports 291 to 3,000, and notes that ‘the ethnic group is growing, but they are shifting to the Dida language because of intermarriage and other influences’. Our own preliminary and impressionistic work suggests the number of Ega speakers to be closer to the upper end of this range, perhaps around 2,000, but we note that Ega now serves a decreasing number of sociolinguistic functions, to the extent that in at least some villages Dida has replaced Ega as the primary language of daily use. It is also clear that the degree of intergenerational transmission is low in many, if not all, Ega villages.
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Kurta, Allen, and Glenn C. Lehr. "Lasiurus ega." Mammalian Species, no. 515 (October 20, 1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3504278.
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Ruebel, Meghan L., Kailey A. Vincent, Peter Z. Schall, Kai Wang, and Keith E. Latham. "SMCHD1 terminates the first embryonic genome activation event in mouse two-cell embryos and contributes to a transcriptionally repressive state." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 317, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): C655—C664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00116.2019.
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Embryonic genome activation (EGA) in mammals begins with transient expression of a large group of genes (EGA1). Importantly, entry into and exit from the 2C/EGA state is essential for viability. Dux family member genes play an integral role in EGA1 by activating other EGA marker genes such as Zscan4 family members. We previously reported that structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing protein 1 ( Smchd1) is expressed at the mRNA and protein levels in mouse oocytes and early embryos and that elimination of Smchd1 expression inhibits inner cell mass formation, blastocyst formation and hatching, and term development. We extend these observations here by showing that siRNA knockdown of Smchd1 in zygotes results in overexpression of Dux and Zscan4 in two-cell embryos, with continued overexpression of Dux at least through the eight-cell stage as well as prolonged expression of Zscan4. These results are consistent with a role for SMCHD1 in promoting exit from the EGA1 state and establishing SMCHD1 as a maternal effect gene and the first chromatin regulatory factor identified with this role. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis reveals that SMCHD1 also contributes to the creation of a transcriptionally repressive state to allow correct gene regulation.
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García, Ángela. "25 años de EGA." EGA Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 23, no. 34 (November 27, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ega.2018.11054.
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Yoshii, I. "AB0102 EVALUATOR’S GLOBAL ASSESSMENT REFLECTS DISEASE ACTIVITY BUT NOT LINEARLY CORRELATES WITH DAILY ACTIVITY OR QUALITY OF LIFE COMPARED TO PATIENT’ GLOBAL ASSESSMENT." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1079.2–1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.320.
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Background:Evaluator’s global assessment (EGA) is the one component of indexed disease activity evaluation assessed by the rheumatologist for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It does not included in the Boolean remission criteria nor 28-joints disease activity score (DAS28), however it is widely recognized among rheumatologist as an only comprehensive and objective assessment parameter.Objectives:The aim of this study is to evaluate how EGA correlates with other components and the influence of EGA on disease activity and daily activity, and quality of life.Methods:A total of 24,075 times of monitoring out of 683 RA patients who were followed up for more than three consecutive years was performed. Contents of monitoring included tenderness joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), patient’s global assessment (PGA), EGA, C-reactive protein (CRP), and calculated values of DAS28, SDAI, composite index of Boolean evaluation, pain score with visual analog scale (PS-VAS), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and quality of life score (QOLS) calculated from Euro-QOL questionnaire with 5th dimensions. Each measurement was classified with the EGA score divided by one increment from zero to ten. Mean values of DAS28, CDAI, SDAI, remission rate of these indices and Boolean remission rate, and mean values of PS-VAS, HAQ-DI, and QOLS were statistically evaluated. Results were compared to the results that was analyzed in according to the PGA score substituted with the EGA score.Moreover, EGA at the time of Boolean remission of the patients who achieved Boolean remission at least once during treating were picked up. Patients were classified according to the EGA level with 0.5 increment from zero. Mean value of TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, SDAI, Boolean remission rate, HAQ-DI, and PS-VAS after attaining Boolean remission were compared statistically.Results:Number of measures counted 15424, 2001, 3688, 1731, 664, 293, 144, 88, 29, 2, and 11 for each level of EGA. The EGA score tended to concentrate more in zero to two in comparing to the PGA score. Mean DAS28, CDAI, and SDAI demonstrated significant increase as the EGA level increased, and remission rate of the all indices including Boolean demonstrated significant decrease as the EGA level increases (p<0.01%). CDAI, SDAI, and Boolean remission rate demonstrated zero percent from two. Mean value of PS-VAS and HAQ-DI score demonstrated also significant decrease as the EGA level increases, and QOLS demonstrated significant decrease as the EGA level increases (p<0.01%). However, these tendency showed more irregular compared to that analyzed with the PGA score. Correlation coefficients with regarding to the EGA score was always less than that with regarding to the PGA score.In the patients who achieved Boolean remission, EGA levels were divided with 294 with zero (G-0) and 118 with 0.5 (G-.5), whereas 71 could not achieve Boolean remission. Average TJC (p<0.05), SJC (p<0.001), EGA (p<0.001), CRP (p<0.05), and SDAI (p<0.01) level in the G-0 group demonstrated significant less than in the G-.5 group, whereas PGA, Boolean remission rate, HAQ-DI, and PS-VAS demonstrated no significant difference in between the two groups.Conclusion:It is more reliable to estimate daily activity and quality of life from the PGA score than to estimate from the EGA score. EGA correlates with SJC and CRP more strongly than with TJC and CRP. EGA does not reflect HAQ-DI and PS-VAS.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Myrlund, Rita, Katri Keski-Nisula, and Heidi Kerosuo. "Stability of orthodontic treatment outcomes after 1-year treatment with the eruption guidance appliance in the early mixed dentition: A follow-up study." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/041018-269.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate occlusal stability from the early mixed to the permanent dentition in children after early treatment with the eruption guidance appliance (EGA). Materials and Methods: Of 46 participants who received 1-year early EGA treatment, 35 attended a follow-up examination at age 12. Group 1 (n = 21) started their EGA treatment at mean age 7.7 years, and group 2 at 9.1 years. Following 1-year treatment, the EGA was used as a retainer. Changes in overjet, overbite, sagittal molar relationship, and anterior crowding were measured on casts obtained before EGA treatment, after EGA treatment, and at follow-up to evaluate occlusal stability. Results: Mean overjet, overbite, sagittal molar relation, and mandibular crowding improved significantly during the study period. Participants with good compliance during the retention period had significantly smaller overjet and overbite values than those with poor compliance. Conclusions: Early correction of increased overjet, overbite, and class II molar relation with the EGA is maintainable and can also be effective in the permanent dentition, provided the EGA is worn regularly as a retainer.
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Freeberg, Mallory Ann, Lauren A. Fromont, Teresa D’Altri, Anna Foix Romero, Jorge Izquierdo Ciges, Aina Jene, Giselle Kerry, et al. "The European Genome-phenome Archive in 2021." Nucleic Acids Research 50, no. D1 (November 17, 2021): D980—D987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab1059.
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Abstract The European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA - https://ega-archive.org/) is a resource for long term secure archiving of all types of potentially identifiable genetic, phenotypic, and clinical data resulting from biomedical research projects. Its mission is to foster hosted data reuse, enable reproducibility, and accelerate biomedical and translational research in line with the FAIR principles. Launched in 2008, the EGA has grown quickly, currently archiving over 4,500 studies from nearly one thousand institutions. The EGA operates a distributed data access model in which requests are made to the data controller, not to the EGA, therefore, the submitter keeps control on who has access to the data and under which conditions. Given the size and value of data hosted, the EGA is constantly improving its value chain, that is, how the EGA can contribute to enhancing the value of human health data by facilitating its submission, discovery, access, and distribution, as well as leading the design and implementation of standards and methods necessary to deliver the value chain. The EGA has become a key GA4GH Driver Project, leading multiple development efforts and implementing new standards and tools, and has been appointed as an ELIXIR Core Data Resource.
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Lelièvre, Jean-Marc, Nathalie Peynot, Sylvie Ruffini, Ludivine Laffont, Daniel Le Bourhis, Pierre-Marie Girard, and Véronique Duranthon. "Regulation of heat-inducible HSPA1A gene expression during maternal-to-embryo transition and in response to heat in in vitro-produced bovine embryos." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 9 (2017): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd15504.
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In in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine embryos, a burst in transcriptional activation of the embryonic genome (EGA) occurs at the 8–16-cell stage. To examine transcriptional regulation prior to EGA, notably in response to heat stress, we asked (1) whether the spontaneous expression of a luciferase transgene that is driven by the minimal mouse heat-shock protein 1b (hspa1b) gene promoter paralleled that of HSPA1A during EGA in IVP bovine embryo and (2) whether expression of the endogenous heat-inducible iHSPA group member HSPA1A gene and the hspa1b/luciferase transgene were induced by heat stress (HS) prior to EGA. Using two culture systems, we showed that luciferase activity levels rose during the 40-h long EGA-associated cell cycle. In contrast, iHSPA proteins were abundant in matured oocytes and in blastomeres from the two-cell to the 16-cell stages. However, normalised results detected a rise in the level of HSPA1A and luciferase mRNA during EGA, when transcription was required for their protein expression. Prior to EGA, HS-induced premature luciferase activity and transgene expression were clearly inhibited. We could not, however, establish whether this was also true for HSPA1A expression because of the decay of the abundant maternal transcripts prior to EGA. In bovine embryos, heat-induced expression of hspa1b/luciferase, and most likely of HSPA1A, was therefore strictly dependent on EGA. The level of the heat-shock transcription factor 1 molecules that were found in cell nuclei during embryonic development correlated better with the embryo’s capacity for heat-shock response than with EGA-associated gene expression.
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Li, Wenjuan. "The Role of Trust and Risk in Citizens’ E-Government Services Adoption: A Perspective of the Extended UTAUT Model." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 7671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147671.
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This research particularly aims to investigate how trust and perceived risk influence citizens’ e-government adoption. The findings of the study reveal that citizens’ trust of the government (TOG) and trust of the internet (TOI) positively affect citizens’ e-government adoption (EGA); perceived risk (PR) is negatively associated with citizens’ EGA. Interestingly, this study also demonstrates the negative moderating effect of PR on the relationship between TOG and EGA, TOI and EGA. The results also indicate that performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), and facilitation conditions (FC) influence citizens’ EGA positively. Lastly, implications for practice and research are discussed.
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Yousefi, Ali, Waiching Tang, Mehrnoush Khavarian, Cheng Fang, and Shanyong Wang. "Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Cement Mortar Composite Containing Recycled Expanded Glass Aggregate and Nano Titanium Dioxide." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072246.
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One of the growing concerns in the construction industry is energy consumption and energy efficiency in residential buildings. Moreover, management of non-degradable solid glass wastes is becoming a critical issue worldwide. Accordingly, incorporation of recycled expanded glass aggregates (EGA) as a substitution for natural fine aggregate in cement composites would be a sustainable solution in terms of energy consumption in the buildings and waste management. This experimental research aims to investigate the effects of EGA on fresh and hardened properties and thermal insulating performance of cement mortar. To enhance the mechanical properties and water resistance of the EGA-mortar, nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) was used as nanofillers. The results showed an increase in workability and water absorption of the EGA-mortar. In addition, a significant decrease in bulk density and compressive strength observed by incorporating EGA into the cement mortar. The EGA-mortar exhibited a low heat transfer rate and excellent thermal insulation property. Furthermore, inclusion of nTiO2 increased compressive strength and water resistance of EGA-mortar, however, their heat transfer rate was increased. The results demonstrated that EGA-mortar can be integrated into the building envelop or non-load bearing elements such as wall partition as a thermal resistance to reduce the energy consumption in residential buildings.
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Calabrese, L., M. E. Weinblatt, N. Shadick, C. Heegaard Brahe, M. Østergaard, M. L. Hetland, M. Horton, D. Flake, and E. Sasso. "POS0454 COMPARISON OF MBDA SCORE, PATIENT GLOBAL ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATOR GLOBAL ASSESSMENT FOR PREDICTING RISK OF RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1467.
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Background:Busy rheumatologists may assess disease activity and risk for radiographic progression (RP) in RA with informal, qualitative versions of evaluator and/or patient global assessments (EGA and PGA). RA patient care may be improved by having a convenient, objective disease activity measure that predicts risk for RP more accurately than EGA or PGA.Objectives:To compare the abilities of MBDA score, patient global assessment and evaluator global assessment to assess risk for radiographic progression (RP), and to assess the ability of MBDA score to predict RP among patients with concordant or discordant PGA and EGA.Methods:Patients were pooled from two RCTs of patients with recent onset RA treated with conventional and biologic DMARDs (OPERA and SWEFOT, N=386) and from a registry of patients with predominantly established RA and diverse treatments (BRASS, N=380). Pearson correlations were determined between MBDA scores (adjusted for the effects of age, sex and adiposity) (scale 1-100), PGA and EGA (each on a scale of 1-10) at baseline. PGA and EGA were considered discordant when they differed by >2.5. Univariable logistic regression assessed ability to predict RP (change in TSS >5 over 1 year) for MBDA score, PGA and EGA as continuous variables; and for discordance of PGA and EGA as 2-level (concordant vs. discordant) or 3-level (PGA>EGA, concordant, EGA>PGA) categorical variables. Multivariable regression considered the main effect and interaction terms of the MBDA score, as a continuous variable, paired with each other variable, to test the ability of each pair to assess risk of RP. All models included a random effect on cohort. Odds ratios were reported for every 10-unit increase in MBDA score. Frequency of RP was determined in subgroups with MBDA score low (<30), moderate (30-44) or high (>44) for patient groups based on PGA/EGA concordance or discordance.Results:The 766 patients studied were 76% female, 76% positive for RF and/or anti-CCP Ab, with mean age 55 years, DAS28-CRP 4.7, CRP 22 mg/L, CDAI 26, SJC 9.1, PGA 4.4, EGA 3.4, MBDA score 53. No interaction was seen between MBDA score and type of cohort (early vs established RA). PGA and EGA were discordant in 294 of 766 (38%) patients and were weakly to moderately correlated (r=0.38). Among discordant patients, PGA was >EGA in 227 cases and EGA was >PGA in 67 cases. Correlations between MBDA score and PGA or EGA were r=0.41 and r=0.34, respectively. In univariable analyses, MBDA score was a statistically significant predictor of radiographic progression (OR=1.53, p=6.3x10-8) whereas PGA, EGA, 2-level discordance and 3-level discordance were not (p=0.38, 0.47, 0.74, 0.83, respectively). In multivariable analyses, significant interactions were observed between MBDA score and discordance (2-level, p=0.0029; 3-level, p=0.0087). The interaction analysis demonstrated, in PGA/EGA-concordant patients, low risk of radiographic progression when MBDA score was low and elevated risk when it was high (OR=1.33 [1.1, 1.59]). A relationship between MBDA score and RP risk was also demonstrated, with heightened trend, among discordant patients with PGA >EGA (OR=2.04 [1.53, 2.81]) and EGA >PGA (OR=3.43 [1.37, 13.8]) (Figure 1).Conclusion:MBDA score was a significant predictor of radiographic progression, whereas PGA and EGA were not. MBDA score predicted progression whether PGA and EGA were concordant or discordant. These results suggest that MBDA score detects joint-damaging disease activity more accurately than PGA and EGA and it does so whether or not PGA and EGA are in agreement.Disclosure of Interests:Leonard Calabrese Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cresecendo, Genentech, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Horizon, Janssen, Novartis, and Sanofi., Michael E. Weinblatt Shareholder of: Canfite, Inmedix, Scipher, and Vorso, Consultant of: AbbVie, Aclaris, Amgen, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Crescendo Bioscience, Corrona, EqRX, GSK,Genosco, Gilead, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Set Point, Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Myriad Genetics, Inc.,Eli Lilly and Sanofi, Nancy Shadick Consultant of: BMS, Grant/research support from: Lilly, mallinckrodt, BMS, Amgen and Sanofi, Cecilie Heegaard Brahe: None declared, Mikkel Østergaard Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli-Lilly, Centocor, GSK, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Orion, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Takeda, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Myriad Genetics, Inc., Janssen, and Merck, Merete L. Hetland Speakers bureau: Orion, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Biogen, BMS, CelltrionRoche, Myriad Genetics, Inc., Eli Lily, MSD, Pfizer, and UCB, Megan Horton Shareholder of: Myriad Genetics, Inc., Employee of: Myriad Genetics, Inc., Darl Flake Shareholder of: Myriad Genetics, Inc., Employee of: Myriad Genetics, Inc., Eric Sasso Shareholder of: Myriad Genetics, Inc., Employee of: Myriad Autoimmune
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Bergougnoux, Anne, Maureen Lopez, and Emmanuelle Girodon. "The Role of Extended CFTR Gene Sequencing in Newborn Screening for Cystic Fibrosis." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 6, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns6010023.
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There has been considerable progress in the implementation of newborn screening (NBS) programs for cystic fibrosis (CF), with DNA analysis being part of an increasing number of strategies. Thanks to advances in genomic sequencing technologies, CFTR-extended genetic analysis (EGA) by sequencing its coding regions has become affordable and has already been included as part of a limited number of core NBS programs, to the benefit of admixed populations. Based on results analysis of existing programs, the values and challenges of EGA are reviewed in the perspective of its implementation on a larger scale. Sensitivity would be increased at best by using EGA as a second tier, but this could be at the expense of positive predictive value, which improves, however, if EGA is applied after testing a variant panel. The increased detection of babies with an inconclusive diagnosis has proved to be a major drawback in programs using EGA. The lack of knowledge on pathogenicity and penetrance associated with numerous variants hinders the introduction of EGA as a second tier, but EGA with filtering for all known CF variants with full penetrance could be a solution. The issue of incomplete knowledge is a real challenge in terms of the implemention of NBS extended to many genetic diseases.
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UNEYAMA, Kenji. "Electrogenerated acid (EGA) catalyzed reaction. How to generate EGA and how to utilize it." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 43, no. 6 (1985): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.43.557.
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Saputra, Tomihendra, Triyanto Triyanto, and Eko Haryanto. "PROSES KREATIF KARTONO DALAM PENCIPTAAN SENI UKIR RELIEF DAN EKSPRESI ESTETIKNYA DI SANGGAR EGA JATI SENENAN JEPARA." Eduarts: Jurnal Pendidikan Seni 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eduarts.v9i3.40509.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis masalah: (1) Proses kreatif Kartono dalam penciptaan seni ukir relief karya Ega Jati Desa Senenan Jepara, (2) Ekspresi estetik pada seni ukir relief karya Ega Jati Desa Senenan Jepara. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Pengabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi sumber, teknik atau pengumpulan data, dan waktu. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui langkah-langkah reduksi data, penyajian, dan data, verifikasi data atau penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian di Ega Jati Senenan, Jepara sebagai berikut. Pertama, Latar belakang pendidikan, pengalaman pribadi, dan tujuan penciptaan karya Kartono mempengaruhi proses kreatif dalam penciptaan karya seni ukir relief Kartono di Ega Jati Senenan, Jepara. Tahap-tahap penciptaan seni ukir relief Kartono di Ega Jati Senenan, Jepara adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Mbladok’i. (2) Membentuk. (3) Ngrawangi. (4) Mbalesi. (5) Ngalusi. (6) Mbatik. (7) Nyervis. Kedua, ekspresi estetik pada umumnya diartikan sebagai kemampuan dari karya seni untuk menimbulkan suatu pengalaman nilai estetis bagi pencipta maupun pengamat. Ekspresi estetik seni ukir relief karya Ega Jati ditampilkan melalui susunan unsur-unsur seni rupa yaitu garis, bentuk, tekstur, warna, ruang, cahaya/gelap terang dan komposisi prinsip-prinsip seni rupa yang terdiri dari kesatuan, keserasian, keseimbangan, irama, proporsi, dan aksentuasi. Seni ukir relief di Ega Jati menggunakan bahan kayu jati dan proses penciptaanya menggunakan teknik carving. Karya seni ukir relief Ega Jati Senenan, Jepara dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa tema sebagai berikut: (1) Cerita keagamaan/religi. (2) Cerita Rakyat. (3) Cerita alam pedesaan, (4) Flora dan fauna.
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Radjak, Rahmi Abd, and Sitti Ummi Novirizka Hasan. "Pola Pembentukan Perilaku Anak Melalui Ritual Peta Ega: Studi Deskriptif pada Budaya Masyarakat Tidore." Prophetic Guidance and Counseling Journal 2, no. 1 (August 18, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/pro-gcj.v2i1.5151.
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<p class="15bIsiAbstractBInggris">Indonesia is one of the great nations and countries. Indonesia has a unique cultural diversity or diversity. This diversity is reflected in various fields of life, including the arts, social and family fields. In the family, cultural patterns have a role in influencing rituals in the family, one of which is the ritual the birth of a baby. The Peta Ega Ritual is a ritual to welcoming the birth of a baby in Tidore Island and North Maluku communities. The Ega Map ritual has its peculiarities. The people of Tidore believe that suggestions through the Peta Ega ritual can have an impact on children's behavior in the future. The Peta Ega ritual itself has a element of suggestion given by parents or pious people to the baby. The approach in this research is qualitative with descriptive methods. Respondents from communities on the island of Tidore. The pattern of forming children's behavior in the Peta Ega ritual is carried out in two ways, that is direct suggestions given directly and indirectly. Direct suggestions are given by people who Peta Ega to the baby, while indirect suggestions are through suggestions on the placenta and behavioral associations given by parents and close relatives that are repeated repeatedly until the baby grows up. The words of suggestion are also considered as prayers that strengthen children's behavior.</p><p class="15bIsiAbstractBInggris"> <strong>Abstrak</strong><strong> </strong></p><p>Indonesia adalah salah satu bangsa dan negara besar. Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman atau keragaman budaya yang unik. Keberagaman ini tercermin dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan, termasuk bidang seni, sosial, dan kekeluargaan. Di dalam keluarga, pola budaya berperan dalam mempengaruhi ritual dalam keluarga, salah satunya adalah ritual kelahiran bayi. Ritual Peta Ega merupakan ritual penyambutan kelahiran bayi di masyarakat Pulau Tidore dan Maluku Utara. Ritual Peta Ega memiliki kekhasan tersendiri. Masyarakat Tidore percaya bahwa sugesti melalui ritual Peta Ega dapat berdampak pada perilaku anak di masa depan. Ritual Peta Ega sendiri memiliki unsur sugesti yang diberikan oleh orang tua atau orang yang shalih kepada sang buah hati. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Responden dari masyarakat di Pulau Tidore. Pola pembentukan tingkah laku anak dalam ritual Peta Ega dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu sugesti langsung yang diberikan secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Secara langsung diberikan oleh orang yang mempeta ega peta pada bayi, sedangkan sugesti tidak langsung melalui sugesti pada ari-ari bayi dan asosiasi perilaku yang diberikan oleh orang tua dan kerabat dekat yang diulang-ulang hingga bayi tumbuh besar. Kata-kata sugesti juga dianggap sebagai doa yang menguatkan perilaku anak</p>
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Léandri, R. D., C. Archilla, L. C. Bui, N. Peynot, Z. Liu, C. Cabau, A. Chastellier, J. P. Renard, and V. Duranthon. "Revealing the dynamics of gene expression during embryonic genome activation and first differentiation in the rabbit embryo with a dedicated array screening." Physiological Genomics 36, no. 2 (January 2009): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.90310.2008.
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Early mammalian development is characterized by extensive changes in nuclear functions that result from epigenetic modifications of the newly formed embryonic genome. While the first embryonic cells are totipotent, this status spans only a few cell cycles. At the blastocyst stage, the embryo already contains differentiated trophectoderm cells and pluripotent inner cell mass cells. Concomitantly, the embryonic genome becomes progressively transcriptionally active. During this unique period of development, the gene expression pattern has been mainly characterized in the mouse, in which embryonic genome activation (EGA) spans a single cell cycle after abrupt epigenetic modifications. To further characterize this period, we chose to analyze it in the rabbit, in which, as in most mammals, EGA is more progressive and occurs closer to the first cell differentiation events. In this species, for which no transcriptomic arrays were available, we focused on genes expressed at EGA and first differentiation and established a 2,000-gene dedicated cDNA array. Screening this with pre-EGA, early post-EGA, and blastocyst embryos divided genes into seven clusters of expression according to their regulation during this period and revealed their dynamics of expression during EGA and first differentiation. Our results point to transient properties of embryo transcriptome at EGA, due not only to the transition between maternal and embryonic transcripts but also to the transient expression of a subset of embryonic genes whose functions remained largely uncharacterized. They also provide a first view of the functional consequences of the changes in gene expression program.
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Simpong, David Larbi, Yaw Asante Awuku, Kenneth Kwame Kye-Amoah, Martin Tangnaa Morna, Prince Adoba, Stephen Kofi Anin, and Patrick Adu. "High Iodine Deficiency among Pregnant Women in Periurban Ghana: A Hospital-Based Longitudinal Study." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9706805.
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Background. Iodine deficiency causes maternal hypothyroidism which can lead to growth, cognitive, and psychomotor deficit in neonates, infants, and children. This study examined the iodine status of pregnant women in a periurban setting in Ghana. Methods. This longitudinal study recruited 125 pregnant women by purposeful convenience sampling from the antenatal clinic of the Sefwi Wiawso municipal hospital in Ghana. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was estimated by the ammonium persulfate method at an estimated gestational age (EGA) of 11, 20, and 32 weeks. Demographic information, iodized salt usage, and other clinical information were collected using a questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of iodine deficiency among the pregnant women was 47.2% at EGA 11 and 60.8% at both EGA of 20 and 32, whereas only 0.8% of participants not using iodized salt had iodine sufficiency at EGA 32. 18.4%, 20%, and 24% of participants using iodized salt had iodine sufficiency at EGA 11, 20, and 32, respectively. Conclusion. A high prevalence of iodine deficiency was observed among our study cohort.
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León Cascante, Íñigo, and José Javier Pérez Martínez. "Docencia colaborativa en BIM. Desde la tradición y dirigida por la expresión gráfica arquitectónica." EGA Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 23, no. 32 (March 26, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ega.2018.9077.
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<p>La inclusión de la metodología BIM (Building Information Modeling) en los estudios de Grado de Arquitectura es un hecho ineludible. Esta implantación afecta, especialmente, al modo de plantear la docencia en Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica (EGA). Tras el estudio de los congresos y publicaciones más relevantes en la materia, se ha desarrollado un Proyecto de Innovación Educativa basado en la colaboración entre asignaturas y dirigido por el Área EGA. Se definen las características de la implantación, en la que se concluye que la clave está en la colaboración, donde EGA tiene un papel líder. Se trata de plantear metodologías docentes innovadoras para BIM, sin rechazar ciertas técnicas tradicionales imprescindibles de EGA.</p>
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Razak, Fatin Nabila Abd, Vahid Nimehchisalem, and Ain Nadzimah Abdullah. "The Relationship between Ethnic Group Affiliation (EGA) and Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in English among Undergraduates in a Public University in Malaysia." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.6p.207.
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This study aimed to examine the relationship between ethnic group affiliation (EGA) and Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in English among the undergraduates in a public university in Malaysia. The three ethnic groups involved in the study were Malays, Chinese, and Indians. An EGA questionnaire was adapted from Phinney (1992), Magid (2004), and Gatbonton and Trofimovich (2008), while a WTC questionnaire was adapted from McCroskey (1992), Fishman (1972), and Granhemat (2015). The questionnaires were distributed to 39 participants representing the three major races. The analysis showed that the level of EGA for the Malays was the highest with 83% as compared to the Chinese with 73% and the Indians with 81%. Meanwhile, the level of WTC of the Chinese received the highest score of 75%, while the Malays and the Indians were at 63%. Results of the Pearson Correlation, r= -0.323, p= 0.045, indicated a significantly weak and negative association between EGA and WTC. This implicated that high levels of EGA would result in low levels of WTC. Hence, in addressing that, attention needs to be given to the aspect of EGA in language learning and teaching approaches in order to achieve better language proficiency among the English language learners in Malaysia.
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Kumar, Manish, and Nitin Bansal. "Effects of Chronic Lithium Chloride and L-Arginine Treatment on Prevention of Streptozotocin Induced Cognitive Deficits by Ellagic Acid." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1347.
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Administration of streptozotocin (STZ) through intracerebroventricular (ICV) route manifests AD symptoms in rats. STZ deregulates the control over GSK-3 and eNOS activities through disruption of phosphoinositides mediated signaling. We attempted to elucidate the functions of GSK-3 and eNOS in memory enhancing activity of ellagic acid (EGA) in STZ (ICV) triggered AD type dementia. A 3 mg/kg dose of STZ was injected gently in lateral cerebral ventricles of rats on day 1 and 3. The rats were given EGA (35 mg/kg b.w.) through oral route for four weeks daily. LiCl (GSK-3 inhibitor) and L-Arginine (NO precursor) were administered for four weeks to explore the modulation of GSK-3 and eNOS respectively by EGA in STZ (ICV) injected rats. MWM and EPM paradigms were utilized for evaluation of memory of rats. The rats were sacrificed on day 28 to determine markers of oxidative stress (TBARS, GSH, SOD, CAT), nitrite, AChE, LDH, TNF-α and eNOS in brain. STZ (ICV) initiated cognitive deficits through enhancement of brain oxidative stress, nitrite, TNF-α, AChE, LDH activity and reduction in eNOS levels. EGA attenuated the rise in oxidative stress, inflammation and LDH activity in STZ (ICV) treated rats. Decrease in nitrite content, AChE activity and resurrection of eNOS activity by EGA averted STZ (ICV) induced memory dysfunction in rats. Chronic inhibition of GSK-3 by LiCl (100 mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced these effects of EGA in STZ (ICV) injected rats which thereby exhibited marked cognitive improvement. L-Arginine group manifested inflation in brain oxidative stress, TNF-α content, AChE and LDH activities. L-Arginine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) surged the nitrite content even though eNOS expression was diminished in brain of EGA and STZ (ICV) administered rats resulting in profound loss of memory. It can be concluded that GSK-3 and eNOS are involved in memory enhancing activity of EGA in STZ (ICV) injected rats.
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BHANDARI, DINABANDHU, C. A. MURTHY, and SANKAR K. PAL. "GENETIC ALGORITHM WITH ELITIST MODEL AND ITS CONVERGENCE." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 10, no. 06 (September 1996): 731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001496000438.
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In this article, the genetic algorithm with elitist model (EGA) is modeled as a finite state Markov chain. A state in the Markov chain denotes a population together with a potential string. Proof for the convergence of an EGA to the best chromosome (string), among all possible chromosomes, is provided here. Mutation operation has been found to be essential for convergence. It has been shown that an EGA converges to the global optimal solution with any choice of initial population.
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Linares García, Fernando. "Veinticindo años de EGA: últimos indicios." EGA Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 23, no. 34 (November 27, 2018): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ega.2018.10848.
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<p>En el presente artículo se ofrece un breve análisis bibliométrico de <em>EGA</em>: <em>Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica</em> con ocasión de los veinticinco años de la edición de su primer número en 1993. El análisis se ajusta a los mismos indicadores manejados en el estudio realizado hasta 2013, completándolo con los artículos recogidos en los nueve volúmenes editados desde entonces, con el fin de conocer las principales tendencias e intereses científicos y académicos de los últimos años.</p>
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van den Hoven, Adrian. "European Generic Medicines Association (EGA) vision." Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 10, no. 3-4 (September 2013): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741134314544016.
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Tóth, F. Hevesi, G. Pokol, J. Györe, and S. Gál. "Investigation of paper samples by EGA." Journal of Thermal Analysis 33, no. 4 (December 1988): 1153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01912743.
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Bansal, Nitin, Pushplata Yadav, and Manish Kumar. "Ellagic Acid Administration Negated the Development of Streptozotocin-Induced Memory Deficit in Rats." Drug Research 67, no. 07 (May 12, 2017): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-108552.
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AbstractRampant production of pro-oxidants and inadequate antioxidant availability in brain exert oxidative stress, which in synergism with impaired glucose metabolism and inflammation leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Ellagic acid (EGA) is a phenolic compound present in various fruits and is reported to possess robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the effect of EGA administration on streptozotocin (STZ) induced dementia in rats. Bilateral intracerebroventricle (ICV) injection of STZ (3 mg/kg) was given to Wistar rats (200 g) on day 1 and 3. EGA (17.5 and 35 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats for 28 days daily. The spatial memory of rats was quantified by using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. Brain TBARS, GSH and TNF-α were also measured. Administration of EGA prevented the induction of STZ-ICV triggered cognitive deficits as evident by a significant (p<0.05) reduction in mean escape latency during acquisition trial and increased (p<0.05) time spent in target quadrant during retrieval trial in Morris water maze test, and reduction (p<0.05) in transfer latency in elevated plus maze test. Furthermore, both the doses of EGA attenuated STZ-ICV induced rise in brain TBARS as well as TNF-α and simultaneously enhanced the GSH content. Thus, EGA ameliorated STZ-induced dementia by probably restoring the balance between cellular pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants in brain of rats.
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Arita, Ken, Masashi Akiyama, Yukiko Tsuji, James R. McMillan, Robin A. J. Eady, and Hiroshi Shimizu. "Changes in Gap Junction Distribution and Connexin Expression Pattern During Human Fetal Skin Development." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 50, no. 11 (November 2002): 1493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540205001109.
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Gap junctions are intercellular channels composed of connexin subunits that mediate cell-cell communication. The functions of gap junctions are believed to be associated with cell proliferation and differentiation and to be important in maintaining tissue homeostasis. We therefore investigated the expression of connexins (Cx)26 and 43, the two major connexins in human epidermis, and examined the formation of gap junctions during human fetal epidermal development. By immunofluorescence, Cx26 expression was observed between 49 and 96 days’ estimated gestational age (EGA) but was not present from 108 days’ EGA onwards. Conversely, Cx43 expression was observed from 88 days’ EGA onwards. Using electron microscopy, the typical structure of gap junctions was observed from 120 days’ EGA. The number of gap junctions increased over time and they were more common in the upper layers, within the periderm and intermediate keratinocyte layers rather than the basal layer. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed Cx43 labeling on the gap junction structures after 105 days’ EGA. Formation of gap junctions increased as skin developed, suggesting that gap junctions may play an important role in fetal skin development. Furthermore, the changing patterns of connexin expression suggest that Cx26 is important for early fetal epidermal development.
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Špoljarić, Bernard. "Ego Complexities." Synthesis philosophica 35, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21464/sp35101.
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Istraživanje kompleksnosti ega polazi od jastva kao složenog koncepta, pretpostavljenog pridolazećim dijagnostičkim konstruktima, kojima se svako pojedino jastvo želi medicinskikvalitativno evaluirati. Uz objašnjenje pojma, cilj je ukazati na jasnu distinkciju između egoizma i narcizma, pri čemu je narcizam tek jedan od mogućih modaliteta eksplikacija jastva odnosno opće i univerzalne domene subjektivnosti. Kompleksnost ovdje u prvom redu ukazuje na samu po sebi nerazjašnjenu složenost ega te pripadajućih koncepata subjektivnosti i individualnosti. Prikaz općeg modela ega, njegovog sastava i operativnosti, pruža mogući zajednički temelj za terapeutsko, filozofijsko i moralno shvaćanje aporija vezanih uz psihopatologijska stanja prisutna kod naizgled emancipirane dovršene jedinke.
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Veligotsky, M. M., O. V. Gorbulich, G. M. Ursol, V. V. Komarchuk, and K. E. Shamoun. "TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF HIGH EZOPHAGOGASTROPLASTICS USING MINIMALLY INVASIVE ROENTGENENDOSCOPIC METHODS." Kharkiv Surgical School, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37699/2308-7005.3.2020.06.
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Summary. The most formidable early postoperative complications of Lewis esophagogastroplasty (EGP) is the failure of esophagogastroanastomosis (EGA), and in the late period — stricture of EGA, in some patients there are functional disorders. The aim of the study. Assess the treatment of complications of EGP using minimally invasive methods. Materials and methods: The results of 150 operations for cancer of the middle and upper thoracic esophagus with the imposition of high EGA were analyzed (65 used cervical EGP). X-ray endoscopic techniques are used to treat patients with complications. The functional results of EGP using esophageal manometry and pHZ monitoring were also evaluated.
Results and discussion. When applying EGA on the neck was significantly higher incidence of failure of the anastomotic sutures, which was associated with impaired blood supply with increasing length of the graft. Surgical tactics in case of failure of the EGA on the neck was to open and drain the deep space of the neck, conducting a transnasal tube for feeding into the stomach — there were no fatalities. Surgical tactics in case of failure of intrapleural EGA, which took place in 4 cases, consisted of drainage of the empyema cavity and conducting a transnasal tube for nutrition in the initial parts of the small intestine under X-ray video surveillance. In the treatment of failure of intrathoracic anastomoses there was 1 fatal case. At strictures of EGA which took place at 24 patients, performed balloon dilatations under X-ray video control. In 2 patients with the phenomena of pylorospasm performed balloon dilatation of the pyloric pulp under X-ray video control. In general, patients who underwent EGP showed good and satisfactory functional results, but in some patients there were functional disorders that were transient in nature.
Conclusions:
The use of clinically developed methods of esophagogastroplasty can reduce the number of failures and strictures of anastomoses.
At insufficiency and strictures of an esophagogastroanastomosis, and also at a hypertonia of pyloric pulp X-ray endoscopic methods are highly effective and low-traumatic.
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Usenko, Oleksandr, Andrii Sydiuk, Andriy Mazur, Andrii Klimas, and Olena Sydiuk. "PS01.150: NEW METHOD OF ESOPHAGO-GASTRO ANASTOMOSIS AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps01.150.
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Abstract Background Medical science has introduced a lot of innovations and advanced equipment since the first esophagectomy was performed, nevertheless surgeons still continue to discuss benefits of certain methods and suggest changes to them because mortality and post-operative complications after esophagus resection remain high. The choice of the surgical approach, anastomosis location and its variety, conduit location and its variety, the volume of lymph node dissection and the use of minimally invasive present the most important and complex issues for surgeons. Methods The research included 40 patients who were given Lewis surgery for malignant tumors of esophagus in Shalimov's National Institute of Surgery and Transplantation: Control group comprised 20 patients who were given Lewis surgery involving end-to-side classical mechanical EGA through a circular suturing tool.; Research group comprised 20 patients who were given Lewis surgery involving invaginated mechanical EGA. (image 1). The objects for estimation included post-operative mortality as well as the number of post-operative anastomosis complications: the number of EGA leakages in the early post-operative period and the number of post operative strictures in the EGA area three months after the surgery. Data processing was done by means of Statistic—licensed application programs for Windows. Differences were considered valid if р < 0,05. Results Research group did not register a single case of EGA leakage while one patient in control group (р < 0,05). had the leakage which was stopped by means of ‘Endovac’ system. There were 2 cases of esophagus post-operative strictures which developed 3 months after the surgery in the research group which was less than in the control group which saw 6 cases of strictures of EGA (р < 0,05). Neither of the groups had any cases of post-operative mortality. Conclusion Our results allows us to conclude that invaginated mechanical EGA within Lewis surgery reduces post-operative complications of anastomosis in patients with esophagectomy. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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Monkelbaan, Joachim. "Using Trade for Achieving the SDGs: The Example of the Environmental Goods Agreement." Journal of World Trade 51, Issue 4 (August 1, 2017): 575–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2017023.
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Ensuring that trade contributes to sustainable development is an explicit objective of both the WTO and of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (including the Sustainable Development Goals or ‘SDGs’). The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how trade and technology together can be mobilized for achieving the SDGs and in particular for addressing climate change. The article first discusses the general linkages between trade, technology, sustainable development, and the SDGs. Then the article explores the contribution that trade in environmental goods and services (EGS) and the Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA) more specifically can make to achieving different SDGs. This assessment is among others based on a recent European Commission Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) on the EGA. The article therefore assesses the potential economic, environmental, and social impacts of the EGA. It rounds up by explaining the state-of-play of the EGA negotiations. The assessment was conducted through desk research, econometric and C02 modelling, and stakeholder consultation, including two regional workshops and an open questionnaire.
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Mikša, Tena, and Mirjana Tonković. "Tko pobjeđuje u utrci s vremenom?" Psihologijske teme 27, no. 3 (2018): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.27.3.3.
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Kada govorimo ili razmišljamo o vremenu, to najčešće činimo iz jedne od dviju perspektiva, kretanje ega ili kretanje vremena. Zauzmemo li perspektivu kretanja ega, vrijeme doživljavamo statično, a sebe kao da se krećemo kroz vrijeme. Zauzmemo li perspektivu kretanja vremena, sebe doživljavamo statično, a vrijeme kao da se kreće prema nama. Koju od vremenskih perspektiva spontano zauzimamo, moguće je provjeriti odgovarajući na dvosmislena pitanja, a dosadašnja istraživanja pokazuju da podjednak broj ljudi spontano odabire jednu i drugu perspektivu. Istraživanja su pokazala i da je rješavanjem jednostavnih prostornih zadataka moguće udesiti sudionike da zauzmu određenu perspektivu. Osim toga, odabir je vremenskih perspektiva povezan i s nekim osobinama ličnosti. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio provjeriti učestalost zauzimanja perspektiva kretanja ega i kretanja vremena te ispitati mogućnost udešavanja ispitanika na vremenske perspektive pomoću jednostavnih prostornih zadataka. Cilj je bio i provjeriti razlike između ispitanika koji spontano zauzimaju perspektive kretanja vremena i kretanja ega na mjeri lokusa kontrole, na mjeri ovladavanja životnim teškoćama te na rezultatima Upitnika vremenskih metafora. Sudionici su bili studenti, po slučaju raspoređeni u dvije eksperimentalne i jednu kontrolnu skupinu. Sudionici iz eksperimentalnih skupina bili su udešeni na jednu od dviju vremenskih perspektiva te su nakon toga odgovarali na dvosmislena pitanja. Sudionici iz kontrolne skupine odgovarali su na dvosmislena pitanja bez prethodnog udešavanja. Sudionici iz svih skupina rješavali su Upitnik vremenskih metafora, Rotterovu skalu lokusa kontrole te Pearlinovu skalu ovladavanja životnim teškoćama. Rezultati su pokazali da 35% sudionika zauzima perspektivu kretanja ega, a 65% perspektivu kretanja vremena. Udešavanje nije imalo utjecaja na zauzimanje perspektiva. Sudionici koji zauzimaju perspektivu kretanja ega imaju značajno viši rezultat na mjerama lokusa kontrole i ovladavanja životom, dok na rezultatima Upitnika vremenskih metafora nisu dobivene razlike.
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Sharif, Ali, and Yihua Zhou. "Fetal MRI Characteristics of Exencephaly: A Case Report and Literature Review." Case Reports in Radiology 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9801267.
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We present the fetal MRI characteristics of exencephaly, a rare malformation of the cranium. The fetus was initially misdiagnosed as anencephaly at 14 weeks of estimated gestational age (EGA) and later mislabeled as acrania at 20 weeks of EGA by ultrasound. A confirmatory magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 29 weeks of EGA demonstrated findings consistent with exencephaly, which was confirmed after birth. To our knowledge, no full fetal MRI characteristics have been described. We hope to use this case to review the key MRI findings in differentiating exencephaly from other cranial vault defects and to help early diagnosis of exencephaly as the appropriate use of correct nomenclature allows better research while giving parents the most accurate and appropriate counseling.
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Volotovska, Nataliya. "Catalase activity as signal of antioxydant system affection under influence of limb ischemia-reperfusion." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001648.
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The use of hemostatic tourniquet is a proved means of primary care. However, systemic disorders, as well as ultrastructural, in the area of compression can significantly worsen the condition of the injured organism.
The aim. Estimation of catalase level in rats’ liver on the background of modifications of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome to know the severest pathogenic combination for organism.
Materials and methods. 260 white adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: control (KG), EG1 – simulation of isolated ischemia-reperfusion syndrome (IRS) of the limb, EG2 – simulation of isolated volumetric blood loss, EG3 – combination of IRS of the limb with blood loss, EG4 – simulation of isolated mechanical injury of the thigh, EG5 – combination of IRS of the limb and mechanical injury. The variability of catalase level in liver was analyzed.
Results. It was found that each of the experimental interventions has led to changes of catalase activity in the liver. The most expressed pathological expressions were observed on the 3rd after interventions, when the studied index in EG3 was lower than in EG1 and EG2 in 6,2 times and by 33,1 %. On the 7th day catalase activity in EG3 was in 9,4 times and by 44,5 % times lower than in EG1 and in EG2 data concordantly. The combination of limb ischemia-reperfusion with blood loss in EG3 led to exhausting of liver antioxydant enzyme catalase in the most critical posttraumatic period (day 3). The same, but less significant effect was registered in the group of combination of mechanical trauma with ischemia-reperfusion in EG5. This proved the role of the tourniquet as a factor that complicated the course of traumatic disease due to ischemic reperfusion.
Conclusions. In this experiment, founded risk factors of combination of ischemia-reperfusion with heavy blood loss emphasized the importance and particular attention on such widespread method of bleeding tratment, as the imposition of a tourniquet, as in our experiment it triggered risk factors of ischemia-reperfusion. It was shown katalase activity depression respectively to the periods of increasing of lipid peroxydation. There was peculiarity, that on the base of isolated IRS catalase activity was increased in 2,5 times comparely to control group, whereas the hardest depression of it was found on the background of IRS, combined with blood loss – catalase activity was lower, comparely to KG – in 2,5 times. The importance of understanding the suppression of hepatocytes’ antyoxydants is great, as it might help in prevention the development of liver failure or hepatorenal syndrome on the background of limb ischemia-reperfusion.
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Parsons, A. J., S. D. J. Inglethorpe, D. J. Morgan, and A. C. Dunham. "Evolved gas analysis (EGA) of brick clays." Journal of Thermal Analysis 48, no. 1 (January 1997): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01978965.
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Clarke, William L. "The Original Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA)." Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 7, no. 5 (October 2005): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dia.2005.7.776.
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Langer, Horst G. "Early developments of EGA by mass spectrometry." Thermochimica Acta 100, no. 1 (May 1986): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(86)87057-5.
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Gallego, Luis A., Marcos J. Rider, Marina Lavorato, and Antonio Paldilha-Feltrin. "An Enhanced Genetic Algorithm to Solve the Static and Multistage Transmission Network Expansion Planning." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/781041.
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An enhanced genetic algorithm (EGA) is applied to solve the long-term transmission expansion planning (LTTEP) problem. The following characteristics of the proposed EGA to solve the static and multistage LTTEP problem are presented, (1) generation of an initial population using fast, efficient heuristic algorithms, (2) better implementation of the local improvement phase and (3) efficient solution of linear programming problems (LPs). Critical comparative analysis is made between the proposed genetic algorithm and traditional genetic algorithms. Results using some known systems show that the proposed EGA presented higher efficiency in solving the static and multistage LTTEP problem, solving a smaller number of linear programming problems to find the optimal solutions and thus finding a better solution to the multistage LTTEP problem.
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López Casoli, Marina. "¿Cuándo enseñar la gramática?: percepciones de estudiantes de profesorado de inglés como lengua extranjera." Revista UCMaule, no. 61 (2021): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29035/ucmaule.61.53.
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Este trabajo estudia las percepciones de estudiantes universitarios argentinos sobre cuándo consideran que es mejor recibir instrucción en gramática en la clase de inglés como lengua extranjera (ILE), si antes, durante o después de la práctica comunicativa. A fin de conocer la opinión de estudiantes futuros profesores de ILE respecto de cuándo aprender la gramática, se encuestó a un grupo de estudiantes de la carrera de Profesorado de Inglés de una universidad pública argentina. Este estudio toma como marco conceptual la distinción que realizan Spada y Lightbown (2008) entre la enseñanza de la gramática de manera aislada (EGA) y de manera integrada (EGI). Si bien ambas se llevan a cabo en contextos áulicos enfocados en una enseñanza y aprendizaje comunicativos, la EGA ocurre separadamente de la práctica comunicativa, mientras que la EGI está integrada a ella. Este estudio busca conocer las percepciones de los estudiantes y además evaluar si éstas son compatibles con las actuales tendencias teóricas que indican que es más efectiva la EGI que EGA. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes prefirieron recibir EGI que EGA, lo cual coincide con las perspectivas teóricas vigentes respecto de la importancia de integrar la gramática a la práctica comunicativa.
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Hoogstrate, Youri, Chao Zhang, Alexander Senf, Jochem Bijlard, Saskia Hiltemann, David van Enckevort, Susanna Repo, et al. "Integration of EGA secure data access into Galaxy." F1000Research 5 (December 12, 2016): 2841. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10221.1.
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High-throughput molecular profiling techniques are routinely generating vast amounts of data for translational medicine studies. Secure access controlled systems are needed to manage, store, transfer and distribute these data due to its personally identifiable nature. The European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA) was created to facilitate access and management to long-term archival of bio-molecular data. Each data provider is responsible for ensuring a Data Access Committee is in place to grant access to data stored in the EGA. Moreover, the transfer of data during upload and download is encrypted. ELIXIR, a European research infrastructure for life-science data, initiated a project (2016 Human Data Implementation Study) to understand and document the ELIXIR requirements for secure management of controlled-access data. As part of this project, a full ecosystem was designed to connect archived raw experimental molecular profiling data with interpreted data and the computational workflows, using the CTMM Translational Research IT (CTMM-TraIT) infrastructure http://www.ctmm-trait.nl as an example. Here we present the first outcomes of this project, a framework to enable the download of EGA data to a Galaxy server in a secure way. Galaxy provides an intuitive user interface for molecular biologists and bioinformaticians to run and design data analysis workflows. More specifically, we developed a tool -- ega_download_streamer - that can download data securely from EGA into a Galaxy server, which can subsequently be further processed. This tool will allow a user within the browser to run an entire analysis containing sensitive data from EGA, and to make this analysis available for other researchers in a reproducible manner, as shown with a proof of concept study. The tool ega_download_streamer is available in the Galaxy tool shed: https://toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/view/yhoogstrate/ega_download_streamer.
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Jinadu, Faosat O., Adedolapo O. Nelson-Paseda, Tawaqualit A Ottun, and Ayokunle M. Olumodeji. "Placenta thickness: A sonographic index for foetal gestational age estimation." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.045.
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A healthy placenta is crucial for foetal well-being, growth and development and neonatal survival. Foetal sonographic biometric parameters are crucial in obstetric decision making. This study correlated placenta thickness with foetal biometry in the estimation of gestational age (EGA) and estimated foetal weight (EFW). This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which 400 healthy pregnant women at gestational ages of 13 to 37 weeks, who attended antenatal clinic at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, were consecutively recruited. Obstetric ultrasound (USS) was performed to assess placenta thickness (PT), USS EGA and EFW in each study participant. Correlation of these parameters was done using Pearson’s correlation. A regression equation used to assess the relationship between PT and EGA was determined using linear regression analysis at confidence interval of 95% and p-value<0.05. The mean age of the women studied was 30.8±4.8 years. The mean PT ranged from 14.50±0.71 mm at 14 weeks to 36.58±1.54 mm at 37 weeks (wks). There was strong positive correlation between PT and USS EGA (r=0.968, p=0.000). A significant positive correlation was also noted between PT and EFW (r=0.900, p=0.000). There was no correlation between PT and maternal characteristics such as parity(r=-0.015, p=0.772) or maternal age(r=0.018, p=0.720). Ultrasound determined placenta thickness correlated linearly and positively with estimated gestational age and foetal weight. A regression equation of estimated PT was derived as follows; PT(mm) = 1.011 EGA (wks) – 0.663. Ultrasound determined placenta thickness correlates linearly and positively with estimated gestational age and foetal weight.
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Lagutina, I., G. Lazzari, and C. Galli. "35 Interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos that Form Nucleoli do not Always Activate Mitochondrial Functional Differentiation at the Time of Embryonic Genome Activation." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab35.
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Embryonic genome activation (EGA) is a complex process that needs a good orchestration of all biochemical processes at the time of maternal-to-embryonic transition. Mitochondria are strictly dependent on the nucleus for their correct activity as ~1500 mitochondrial genes have nuclear localisation. The finding of transcriptional activation and accumulation of mRNAs related to mitochondrial biogenesis (Mtango et al. 2008 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 20, 846-859) around the time of EGA confirmed the role of nucleus in this process. Studying mitochondria behaviour in interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) embryos (Lagutina et al. 2010 Reproduction 140, 273-285), we have found that at the time of EGA, mitochondria activation could be demonstrated by JC-1 accumulation. We suggested that comparison of the mean green fluorescence intensity (FI) that corresponds to the fluorescence of the monomeric form of the dye and correlates to relative mitochondrial mass (Mancini et al. 1997) in iSCNT and control nuclear transfer (NT) could serve as a test to assess EGA in iSCNT embryos. The aim of this study was to estimate nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction in iSCNT embryos that formed nucleoli at the time of EGA (Lagutina et al. 2011 Reproduction 141, 453-465) such as embryos derived from bovine oocytes and bovine (control), buffalo or ovine donor nuclei, and from porcine oocytes and porcine (control), horse, or rabbit nuclei. Embryos 72 h after activation were stained with 2 μM JC-1 in SOF-HEPES with 10% FCS at 37°C for 1 h. Images were collected using a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) filter and analysed with Adobe Photoshop Elements 2 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA). The data are presented as mean FI of the embryo. To demonstrate the effect of EGA inhibition on mitochondria, bovine and porcine NT embryos were cultured in medium supplemented with 25 μg/mL α-amanitin (AA) from 48 to 72 h after activation. The analyses of mean FI of the embryos showed that ovine and buffalo nuclei were able to support mitochondrial mass accumulation in iSCNT embryos with bovine oocytes equal to control bovine NT embryos (35 ± 11.2; 41.9 ± 14.8; 36.2 ± 7.6, respectively) that was significantly higher than in bovine embryos treated with AA (15.4 ± 4.9; P < 0.05). In the iSCNT embryos composed of porcine oocytes and equine or rabbit nuclei, mean FI values (20 ± 13.4; 18.3 ± 5.5, respectively) were comparable with those in porcine NT embryos treated with AA (16.2 ± 6.2), and were significantly lower than in porcine control (91 ± 47.7; P < 0.05) NT embryos, demonstrating the inability of equine and rabbit nuclei to properly govern the porcine mitochondria mass growth at the time of EGA. In conclusion, nucleolus formation and activation of nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes at the time of EGA cannot serve, per se, as a marker of correct embryonic genome activation in iSCNT embryos, because, in our conditions, no iSCNT embryos developed to blastocyst (Lagutina et al. 2010 Reproduction 140, 273-285). This knowledge about behaviour of different embryo compartments at the time of EGA could extend our understanding of the whole process. This work was funded by Translink (EU FP7 no. 603049) and Xenoislet projects (EU FP7 no. 601827).
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Kaneko, Yuko, Masataka Kuwana, Harumi Kondo, and Tsutomu Takeuchi. "Discordance in Global Assessments Between Patient and Estimator in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Rheumatoid Arthritis: Associations with Progressive Joint Destruction and Functional Impairment." Journal of Rheumatology 41, no. 6 (May 1, 2014): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131468.
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Objective.Factors relevant to the discordance between the patient global assessment (PGA) and estimator global assessment (EGA) in patients newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were examined.Methods.Seventy-five consecutive newly diagnosed patients with RA were prospectively enrolled. We used 3 models in which discordance between PGA and EGA at 12 months was set at 5 mm, 10 mm, or 20 mm. We adopted 10 mm as representative and examined time course changes in clinical variables over 12 months.Results.No significant difference was found between the concordance and the higher PGA groups regarding baseline characteristics and treatment. At 12 months, EGA, swollen joint count, and inflammatory marker values were not different, but pain visual analog scale and tender joint count were significantly higher in the higher PGA group, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire improved less. In the 10 mm and 20 mm models, the structural remission rate was significantly lower in the higher PGA group and the rapid radiological progression rate significantly higher. The discrepancy was already significant at 3 months.Conclusion.In newly diagnosed RA, PGA at 12 months may be more sensitive for indicating progressive joint destruction and functional impairment when compared with EGA, and there is a discrepancy directed toward a worse assessment by patients.
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Irianto, Eko Winar. "Analisis Hidrodinamik Rotary Distributor Hidraulik Teknologi Ega-Sattira dan Pengembangannya untuk Irigasi Tetes-Putar." Jurnal Irigasi 11, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31028/ji.v11.i1.55-66.
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Biofilter tetes adalah teknologi pengolahan air limbah domestik yang memiliki efisiensi pengolahan zat organik yang tinggi, tetapi kebutuhan energinya rendah. Ega Sattira merupakan gabungan teknologi antara “lahan basah buatan” dan biofilter tetes beraerasi. Salah satu keberhasilan proses biofilter pada Ega Sattira diantaranya disebabkan oleh sistem rotary distributor yang digerakkan secara hidrolis. Analisis hidrodinamik rotary distributor hidraulik diperlukan untuk menghasilkan sistem operasi dan proses yang lebih baik dan efisien pada Teknologi Ega Sattira. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) menganalisis dan merumuskan model hidrodinamika aliran terjadinya putaran hidrolis secara gravitasi pada teknologi Ega-Sattira; 2) memanfaatkan fenomena gerak rotary distributor sebagai alternatif teknologi irigasi tetes-putar (drip-rotary irrigation) yang merupakan bagian dari irigasi hemat air; 3) mengusulkan rancangan dasar (basic desain) sistem irigasi tetes-putar yang dapat diaplikasikan secara mudah, murah, namun efisien dalam operasi dan pemeliharaanya. Model hasil analisis hidrodinamik menunjukkan bahwa jumlah putaran per satuan waktu berbanding lurus dengan percepatan gravitasi, tinggi muka air di tangki, koefisien friksi dan koefisien kritis aliran, tetapi berbanding terbalik dengan diameter pipa rotary distributor. Uji kalibrasi antara putaran hitung dengan putaran aktual menghasilkan persamaan Y= 0,0014X dengan r2= 0,82. Hasil formulasi tersebut dapat diterapkan untuk perencanaan sistem irigasi putar hidraulik dalam mendukung teknologi irigasi hemat air.
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Svarcova, O., P. Maddox-Hyttel, H. Niemann, D. Hermann, Z. Rasmussen, I. Petrovicova, F. Strejcek, and J. Laurincik. "5 NUCLEOLAR DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY DURING PORCINE EMBRYONIC GENOME ACTIVATION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab5.
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The development of a functional nucleolus accompanying the major embryonic genome activation (EGA) is considered a marker for embryo quality and viability. However, the use of this marker is limited by the lack of accurate knowledge of the biology of embryonic nucleologenesis. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of RNA polymerase I (RPI) and total transcriptional activity, reflecting EGA, for nucleologenesis in in vivo-developed porcine embryos. Late 4-cell-stage embryos were cultured in the absence (control) or presence of actinomycin D (AD; 0.2 �g mL-1, 3 h for RPI inhibition; 2.0 �g mL-1, 3 h for total transcriptional inhibition). Late 2-cell-stage embryos were cultured to the late 4-cell stage with 0.2 �g mL-1 AD (long-term inhibition) to prevent EGA. Embryos were fixed at the late 4-cell stage and processed for RT-PCR (de novo synthesized rRNA), autoradiography (ARG, following culture with 3H-uridine for the last 20 min before fixation), TEM, FISH (probe-labeling rRNA and rDNA), silver staining of nucleolar proteins, and immunofluorescence for RPI. Control embryos displayed typical extranucleolar and nucleolar ARG labeling, fibrillo-granular nucleoli, and focal RPI localization signaling de novo rRNA synthesis in functional nucleoli, confirmed by RT-PCR. All nuclei showed large FISH clusters (rRNA and rDNA) that in 88% of the cases were co-localized with large foci of silver-stained nucleolar proteins. After RPI inhibition, only extranucleolar ARG labeling was detected and, instead of fibrillo-granular nucleoli, a segregated dense-fibrillar component and a granular component, but no fibrillar centers, were observed. RPI was dispersed in all nuclei, the number of nuclei presenting large FISH clusters decreased to 40%, and only 42% of nuclei showed nucleolar proteins localized to large foci. After total transcriptional inhibition and long-term inhibition, the nuclei did not display any ARG labeling and presented inactive nucleolus precursor bodies indicating lack of rRNA (RT-PCR) and total RNA synthesis. However, 40% of the nuclei in both groups presented large FISH clusters of rRNA. This rRNA is considered as partially processed residues of maternally inherited molecules, and their clustering is most likely independent of EGA. Inhibition of transcriptional activity at the time of EGA caused the dispersion of RPI (de novo synthesized) but did not influence the localization of silver-stained nucleolar proteins to large foci (41%). On the other hand, EGA inhibition caused the lack of RPI labeling and hampered the localization of nucleolar proteins to foci. Differences between these 2 groups could be due to the activation of RNA polymerase II before the 3-h AD treatment. In conclusion, RPI transcription and de novo protein synthesis are required for formation of functional nucleoli. However, the clustering of maternally inherited nucleolar transcripts is independent on transcriptional activity at the time of EGA. Failure in constituent RNA polymerase activation during EGA leads to pattern-specific changes in nucleologenesis, which may serve as a marker for early embryo quality.
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Goszczynski, D. E., P. Tinetti, Y. H. Choi, K. Hinrichs, and P. J. Ross. "59 Genome activation in intracytoplasmic sperm injection-derived horse embryos." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 32, no. 2 (2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv32n2ab59.
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During pre-implantation development, embryos go through a critical period of embryonic genome activation (EGA). The timing of EGA is species specific, but little is known in horse embryos. Here, we aimed to characterise EGA in equine embryos produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Embryos were produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection of oocytes from 3 mares. Two embryos from each mare at each of 8 developmental stages (MII, zygote, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, morula, and blastocyst) were individually analysed by RNA-seq. Differential expression was evaluated using binomial Wald tests with an absolute logFC (fold change) threshold of 1 in the DESEqn 2R package. We found that EGA occurred in a two-step fashion. Minor EGA took place during the 2-cell to 4-cell transition, and featured up-regulation of 751 genes and discrete down-regulation of 60 genes in 4-cell embryos compared with 2-cell embryos. Differentially upregulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms related to transcriptional activator activity, homeobox domains, and nucleosome assembly. Major EGA occurred during the 4-cell to 8-cell transition and included the largest number of differentially expressed genes (n=2,023) between consecutive stages. This period also featured the first massive transcript downregulation (n=816). Upregulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms related to ribosomal assembly, translation, and RNA modification. Additionally, we observed that the number of intronic sequences was significantly higher from the 4-cell stage onward, indicating active transcription in comparison to oocytes, zygotes, and 2-cell embryos. To evaluate the timing of paternal genome activation, we used whole-genome sequencing data from the parents (average genome coverage of 19×) to quantify allele-specific expression. The average number of informative SNPs in exons, i.e. SNPs with alternative homozygous genotypes from the sire (AA mare - BB sire), was 26 128 per mare, corresponding to 7696 genes. Parental-specific transcript abundance was determined for each embryo, with an average of 1,911±865 informative SNPs detected per sample. Paternal alleles were considered expressed when they reached 10% of the maternal count. Across development, paternal transcripts became appreciable at the 4-cell stage, with 14.15±7.60% of the informative SNPs exhibiting paternal expression, and increased thereafter until reaching a maximum of 96.34% at the blastocyst stage. Overall, this work demonstrates that EGA in horse embryos starts at the 4-cell stage and achieves its main activation at the 8-cell stage. Further analysis will be performed to detail paternal vs. maternal gene expression at the different embryonic stages.
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Chan, Ellie, Ahmad Alkhasawneh, Lizette Vila Duckworth, Tania Zuluaga-Toro, Xiaomin Lu, Steven J. Hughes, and Thomas J. George. "EGFR family and c-Met expression profiles and prognostic significance in esophagogastric adenocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e15108-e15108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e15108.
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e15108 Background: Targeted therapy of HER2 overexpression in patients with esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (EGA) improves survival; however, the effect is transient due to the development of resistance. Targeting of EGFR alone in EGA was not active. cMet overexpression is suggested to be a possible resistance pathway for EGFR and HER-2 inhibition. We characterized the expression profile of the EGFR family of receptors and cMet as well as their prognostic significance in EGA. Methods: This retrospective analysis included all patients (pts) with EGA who underwent primary resection at the University of Florida from 2001 to 2011 without neoadjuvant therapy. Demographics, risk factors, tumor features, and outcome data were analyzed. Central blinded immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on paraffin embedded tumor specimens with EGFR, HER2, HER3, HER4 and cMet expression scored as low (0, 1+) or high expression (2+, 3+). Descriptive statistics, Fisher exact test, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods were used for statistical analyses. Results: 52 pts (42 M/10 F) were analyzed with median age 66 years (37-83). Most tumors (58%) were stage I (T1N0). Receptors expression profiles and their associations are presented in the Table. High HER3-HER4 co-expression was found in 35% of cases (p = 0.002). Univariate analysis did not show significant correlation of age, tumor differentiation, BMI, tobacco use and receptor expression with survival. Stage was the only variable that correlated significantly with survival (p=0.02). Conclusions: This is the first study to our knowledge examining the EGFR family expression relationships and cMet in treatment naïve resected EGA tumors. Associations between receptor expression patterns are of clinical interest for rational development of multi-targeted inhibition. Although our data do not significantly show receptor status as a prognostic factor, some receptor expression associations suggest trends towards worse survival. Larger studies are warranted for further investigation. [Table: see text]
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Culqui, Dante R., Sandra Manzanares-Laya, Sarah Lafuente Van Der Sluis, Albert Anton Fanlo, Rosa Bartolomé Comas, Marcello Rossi, and Joán A. Caylá. "Brote de faringo-amigdalítis por estreptococo ?-hemolítico grupo A." Revista de Saúde Pública 48, no. 2 (April 2014): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048005091.
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El objetivo fue describir un brote de faringo-amigdalitis causado por estreptococos β-hemolíticos del grupo A (EGA) en profesionales de la salud. El estudio que se transmite de persona-persona o por vía alimentaria. El estudio transversal descriptivo se realizó en 17 clientes, localizados en la misma mesa, que participaron de una cena en restaurante de Barcelona, España, en julio de 2012. Se analizaron, la frecuencia de síntomas de los afectados, el tiempo y la severidad de los síntomas, variables demográficas y alimentos ingeridos, entre otros factores. La tasa de ataque (TA) en los comensales fue del 58,8% (10/17). El 60,0% (6/10) de los comensales fueron positivos para EGA. El 46,2% (6/13) de los manipuladores de alimentos suministrados en la cena presentaron síntomas. No se identificó asociación con los alimentos ingeridos. Existen evidencias epidemiológicas de la transmisión alimentaria del EGA, pero no podría descartarse la transmisión respiratoria.
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Nascimento, Marcelo De Maio, Malena Libório Dos Reis, and Stefan Türk. "Esporte e meio ambiente: a disciplina de esporte e gestão ambiental (EGA), na formação de alunos de Educação Física, na região do sertão nordestino." Motrivivência 30, no. 56 (November 29, 2018): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8042.2018v30n56p232.
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O estudo relata as atividades da disciplina optativa de Esporte e Gestão Ambiental (EGA) do curso de Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), localizada na cidade de Petrolina-PE. A EGA tem por fim qualificar os conhecimentos dos alunos sobre questões do meio ambiente. A metodologia aplicada desenvolve princípios da educação ambiental (EA) por meio de jogos, brincadeiras e canções. Entre os temas abordados, no primeiro semestre de 2017, existiu a coleta seletiva e a organização de um trekking. Ao final do semestre, observou-se que os alunos ampliaram seus conhecimentos sobre temas ambientais locais e globais, além de terem assumido comportamentos sustentáveis frente ao meio ambiente. Conclui-se que a EGA associada às demais disciplinas do curso de Educação Física da UNIVASF esteja qualificando os profissionais da região, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de princípios de cidadania e sustentabilidade.
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Heide, K., K. Gerth, G. Büchel, and E. Hartmann. "EGA — A fingerprint characterization of minerals and rocks." Journal of Thermal Analysis 48, no. 1 (January 1997): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01978967.
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Schöps, D., C. M. Schmidt, and K. Heide. "Quantitative EGA analysis of H2O in silicate glasses." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 80, no. 3 (June 2005): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-005-0724-4.
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