Academic literature on the topic 'EGAK 350'

Background:Evaluator’s global assessment (EGA) is the one component of indexed disease activity evaluation assessed by the rheumatologist for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It does not included in the Boolean remission criteria nor 28-joints disease activity score (DAS28), however it is widely recognized among rheumatologist as an only comprehensive and objective assessment parameter.Objectives:The aim of this study is to evaluate how EGA correlates with other components and the influence of EGA on disease activity and daily activity, and quality of life.Methods:A total of 24,075 times of monitoring out of 683 RA patients who were followed up for more than three consecutive years was performed. Contents of monitoring included tenderness joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), patient’s global assessment (PGA), EGA, C-reactive protein (CRP), and calculated values of DAS28, SDAI, composite index of Boolean evaluation, pain score with visual analog scale (PS-VAS), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), and quality of life score (QOLS) calculated from Euro-QOL questionnaire with 5th dimensions. Each measurement was classified with the EGA score divided by one increment from zero to ten. Mean values of DAS28, CDAI, SDAI, remission rate of these indices and Boolean remission rate, and mean values of PS-VAS, HAQ-DI, and QOLS were statistically evaluated. Results were compared to the results that was analyzed in according to the PGA score substituted with the EGA score.Moreover, EGA at the time of Boolean remission of the patients who achieved Boolean remission at least once during treating were picked up. Patients were classified according to the EGA level with 0.5 increment from zero. Mean value of TJC, SJC, PGA, EGA, SDAI, Boolean remission rate, HAQ-DI, and PS-VAS after attaining Boolean remission were compared statistically.Results:Number of measures counted 15424, 2001, 3688, 1731, 664, 293, 144, 88, 29, 2, and 11 for each level of EGA. The EGA score tended to concentrate more in zero to two in comparing to the PGA score. Mean DAS28, CDAI, and SDAI demonstrated significant increase as the EGA level increased, and remission rate of the all indices including Boolean demonstrated significant decrease as the EGA level increases (p<0.01%). CDAI, SDAI, and Boolean remission rate demonstrated zero percent from two. Mean value of PS-VAS and HAQ-DI score demonstrated also significant decrease as the EGA level increases, and QOLS demonstrated significant decrease as the EGA level increases (p<0.01%). However, these tendency showed more irregular compared to that analyzed with the PGA score. Correlation coefficients with regarding to the EGA score was always less than that with regarding to the PGA score.In the patients who achieved Boolean remission, EGA levels were divided with 294 with zero (G-0) and 118 with 0.5 (G-.5), whereas 71 could not achieve Boolean remission. Average TJC (p<0.05), SJC (p<0.001), EGA (p<0.001), CRP (p<0.05), and SDAI (p<0.01) level in the G-0 group demonstrated significant less than in the G-.5 group, whereas PGA, Boolean remission rate, HAQ-DI, and PS-VAS demonstrated no significant difference in between the two groups.Conclusion:It is more reliable to estimate daily activity and quality of life from the PGA score than to estimate from the EGA score. EGA correlates with SJC and CRP more strongly than with TJC and CRP. EGA does not reflect HAQ-DI and PS-VAS.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

<p>La utilización del render como simulador de realidad y transformador del imaginario arquitectónico es el asunto que pretendemos desarrollar en el contexto del cambio de paradigma gráfico de la representación arquitectónica actual. Jugamos con las palabras, la BIOS, Basic Input / Output System (Sistema Básico de entrada y salida), y conjugamos el acrónimo del nombre de un conocido sistema operativo (OS), que definimos en su versión tercera (3.0) existiendo dos versiones anteriores (1.0 y 2.0). La fonética DesBIOS acerca la palabra “desvío” que significa un cambio de vía, de ruta, que es lo producido. Ha existido un desplazamiento del uso del render, construyendo un encadenado de transformación, esto constituye las diferentes versiones que pasamos a explicar: DesBIOS 1.0. IMITACIÓN Operaciones digitales de render para producir simulación de materiales. DesBIOS 2.0. FABRICACIÓN Render desencadena producción de nuevos materiales de apariencia digital. DesBIOS 3.0. ESPACIALIDAD La utilización de elementos con apariencia digital, transforma la imagen espacial en aspecto digital. El sector profesional asume tales cambios, propiciando la creación de nuevos materiales por la industria de la construcción a través del diseño arquitectónico, avanzando así hacia la obtención de apariencias emuladoras de la representación digital en la configuración la construcción de los espacios.</p>

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mempelajari struktur dan sifat elektronik dari polimer furan dan turunannya (disubstitusi) dengan jumlah cincin furan n = 20 dengan menggunakan program PM3. Substituen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa atom atau molekul radikal pada posisi ujung. Subtituen yang dipelajari adalah fenil (Ph), radikal heksahalobenzena (-Z), radikal pirol (Py) dan tiofen (T).. Masukan data awal furan adalah sudut ikatan awal untuk C=C-C = 105˚, C=C-H = 120˚, H-C-C = 135˚, H-C-O = 123.872˚, O-C=C = 116˚, torsion angle = 0˚ dan panjang ikatan C=C, C-C = 1,4 Å, C-O = 1,408 Å dan C-H = 1 Å. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan komputasi secara RHF ( Restrical Hartree Fock) dengan pengoptimasi Polak Ribiere. Optimasi dilakukan dengan ketentuan berikut: spin multiplicity = 1; charge = 0; convergence limit = 0,001; iterration limit = 50; dan gradien 0,01 kCal/mol.Å. Luaran data (dalam keadaan optimal) yang dibutuhkan adalah Binding Energy (BE adalah energi ikatan antar atom-atom dalam molekul), EHOMO ( tingkat energi highest occupied molecular orbital dan ELUMO (tingkat energi lowest occupied molecular orbital). Sifat penghantar polimer ditentukan dari nilai ΔE atau (Egap). Nilai Egap suatu konduktor, semikonduktor dan isolator berturut-turut adalah < 1,0 eV; 1,0 – 3,0 eV; dan > 3 eV. Hasil pengoptimasian struktur turunan polifuran memperlihatkan bahwa seluruh substituen yang digunakan dapat menurunkan nilai band gap (Egap) polifuran. Nilai band gap (Egap) ternyata dipengaruhi oleh jumlah cincin furan yang berikatan membentuk polimer. Penurunan nilai band gap yang signifikan terjadi pada jumlah monomer furan n = 1 s.d 10.

<p>En el curso 2015/16 realicé una estancia, como profesor visitante, en la Escuela Parsons The New School, en Nueva York. Esta se centró en la investigación, la comunicación y la representación del Espacio Urbano y Paisaje. Pretendí registrar mi vivencia y relación emotiva con determinados espacios de esta ciudad, siendo que los barrios periféricos se proponían como alternativa a Manhattan. Intentar “ver”, a través del dibujo, esta excitante urbe, desde Long Island Beach al Bronx, fue una experiencia tan intensa como visualmente enriquecedora. Contemplar y posteriormente (o simultáneamente) expresar gráficamente el dinamismo, la atmósfera, las luces y las formas que sentí bajo las vigas metálicas de ciertas líneas de tren en Broadway, en el corazón de Brooklyn, fue tan desafiante como intenso y emocionante. De los cerca de 300 dibujos producidos, se seleccionó una pequeña muestra, que ilustra los diferentes temas, soportes, escalas y técnicas manipulados.</p>

Highly porous hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) was prepared through hydrothermal (HT) transformation of aragonitic cuttlefish bones (Seppia Officinalis L. Adriatic Sea) in the temperature range from 140°C to 220°C for 20 minutes to 48 hours. Mechanism of hydrothermal transformation of bones was investigated by DTA/TG analyzer coupled online with FTIR spectrometric gas cell equipment (DTA-TG-EGA-FTIR analysis), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DTA-TG-EGA-FTIR analysis have shown the release of CO2 at about 400°C, 680°C and 990°C. The first release could be attributed to organics not completely removed from the heat treated bones, and the second release to decomposition of unconverted aragonite, whereas, the third one could be attributed to CO3 2– groups incorporated in the structure of HA. The interconnecting porous morphology of the starting material (aragonite) was maintained during the HT treatment. The formation of dandelion-like HA spheres with diameter from 3 to 8 μm were observed, which further transformed into nanoplates and nanorods with an average diameter of about 200-300 nm and an average length of about 8-10 μm.

Penyakit karang adalah gangguan terhadap kesehatan karang yang menyebabkan hilang atau rusaknya jaringan karang. Biota karang yang terinfeksi penyakit telah diidentifikasikan sebagai salah satu faktor utama yang memperburuk tutupan terumbu karang secara global. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan prevalensi penyakit karang di Perairan Langara, Konawe Kepulauan, Sulawesi Tenggara. Pengambilan data dilakukan di bulan April 2018 pada tiga stasiun penelitian. Metode pengambilan data kelimpahan dan prevalensi penyakit karang menggunakan metode belt transect (transek sabuk) dengan luas area transek 350 m2, yang ditarik sejajar garis pantai. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa penyakit karang yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian sebanyak 8 jenis [Black Band Disease (BBD), Dark Spots Disease (DSD), Ulcerative White Spots (UWS), White Band Disease (WBD), Explained Growth Anomalies (EGA), White Syndrom (WS), Bleacing (BL) dan Yellow Band Disease (YBD)]. Kelimpahan dan prevalensi penyakit karang yang tertinggi terdapat di stasiun II, dimana nilai kelimpahan yaitu 0.063 koloni/m2 dan nilai prevalensi yaitu 92.187%. Jenis penyakit karang yang mendominasi di lokasi penelitian secara berturut-turut adalah UWS, BBD dan WS.Kata Kunci: Kelimpahan; Penyakit Karang; Perairan Langara; Prevalensi

Abstract. Fine aerosol particles were collected separately during daytime and nighttime at a tropical pasture site in Rondônia, Brazil, during the burning and dry-to-wet transition period in 2002. Total carbon (TC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were measured by evolved gas analysis (EGA). Based on the thermochemical properties of the fine aerosol, the relative amounts of the volatile and refractory compounds were estimated. It was found that the thermally refractory (possibly higher molecular weight) compounds dominated the TC composition. Their contribution to TC was higher in the daytime than in the nighttime samples. The relative share of WSOC also showed a statistically significant diel variation as did its refractory fraction. Anhydrosugars and phenolic acids were determined by GC-MS and their diel variation was studied. Based on the decrease of their relative concentrations between the biomass burning and transition periods and their distinctly different diel variations, we suggest that the phenolic acids may undergo chemical transformations in the aerosol phase, possibly towards more refractory compounds (humic-like substances, HULIS), as has been suggested previously. These conclusions are supported by the results of the thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the same filter samples.

The purpose of this study is to assess and evaluate the physicochemical properties of the seed oils of two Moroccan varieties of watermelon “Citrullus lanatus” extracted by three different techniques, a mechanical process using cold press, and two chemical processes using a Soxhlet apparatus and a sonotrode ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) using n-hexane. The total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant properties against the DPPH radicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) were also studied. The seed oils of both varieties of watermelon exhibited high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids with the predominance of linoleic and oleic fatty acids. The primary sterol was β-sitosterol, and high levels of total tocopherols were observed. Ɣ-tocopherol was the predominant tocopherol in all tested oils. The Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus variety seeds oil exhibited the highest TPC value (89.5 ± 0.06 mg EGA/100 g; EGA: gallic acid equivalent), with 82.4 ± 0.03% DPPH free radical inhibition efficiency. Nevertheless, all tested seeds oils showed a significant amount of total phenolic compounds and a good inhibition against DPPH radicals ranging from 51.1 ± 0.1% to 84.8 ± 0.04%. In addition, the influence of the ultrasonic extraction parameters was studied using two different solvents (n-hexane and the methanol-chloroform mixture), with different particle sizes (500–300 µm), duration (10 and 20 minutes), cycle (1–0.5), amplitude (80–100%) and solvent/seed ratios (1:5 and 1:10), and the seed roasting parameter was also studied. The oil yield was mainly affected by the extraction solvent, then the solvent/seed ratio and the duration, respectively.

Abstract. An optimized spectroscopic method combining quantitative evolved gas analysis via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-EGA) in combination with a qualitative in situ thermal reaction monitoring via diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situT DRIFTS) is being proposed to rapidly characterize soil organic matter (SOM) to study its dynamics and stability. A thermal reaction chamber coupled with an infrared gas cell was used to study the pattern of thermal evolution of carbon dioxide (CO2) in order to relate evolved gas (i.e., CO2) to different qualities of SOM. Soil samples were taken from three different arable sites in Germany: (i) the Static Fertilization Experiment, Bad Lauchstädt (Chernozem), from treatments of farmyard manure (FYM), mineral fertilizer (NPK), their combination (FYM + NPK) and control without fertilizer inputs; (ii) Kraichgau; and (iii) Swabian Alb (Cambisols) areas, Southwest Germany. The two latter soils were further fractionated into particulate organic matter (POM), sand and stable aggregates (Sa + A), silt and clay (Si + C), and NaOCl oxidized Si + C (rSOC) to gain OM of different inferred stabilities; respiration was measured from fresh soil samples incubated at 20 °C and 50% water holding capacity for 490 days. A variable long path length gas cell was used to record the mid-infrared absorbance intensity of CO2 (2400 to 2200 cm−1) being evolved during soil heating from 25 to 700 °C with a heating rate of 68 °C min−1 and holding time of 10 min at 700 °C. Separately, the heating chamber was placed in a diffuse reflectance chamber (DRIFTS) for measuring the mid-infrared absorbance of the soil sample during heating. Thermal stability of the bulk soils and fractions was measured via the temperature of maximum CO2 evolution (CO2max). Results indicated that the FYM + NPK and FYM treatments of the Chernozem soils had a lower CO2max as compared to both NPK and CON treatments. On average, CO2max of the Chernozem was much higher (447 °C) as compared to the Cambisol sites (Kraichgau 392 °C; Swabian Alb 384 °C). The POM fraction had the highest CO2max (477 °C), while rSOC had a first peak at 265 °C at both sites and a second peak at 392 °C for the Swabian Alb and 482 °C for the Kraichgau. The CO2max increased after 490 day incubation, while the C lost during incubation was derived from the whole temperature range but a relatively higher proportion from 200 to 350 °C. In situT DRIFTS measurements indicated decreases in vibrational intensities in the order of C-OH = unknown C vibration < C-H < −COO/C =C < C = C with increasing temperature, but interpretation of vibrational changes was complicated by changes in the spectra (i.e., overall vibrational intensity increased with temperature increase) of the sample during heating. The relative quality changes and corresponding temperatures shown by the in situT DRIFTS measurements enabled the fitting of four components or peaks to the evolved CO2 thermogram from the FTIR-EGA measurements. This gave a semi-quantitative measure of the quality of evolved C during the heating experiment, lending more evidence that different qualities of SOM are being evolved at different temperatures from 200 to 700 °C. The CO2max was influenced by long-term FYM input and also after 490 days of laboratory incubation, indicating that this measurement is an indicator for the relative overall SOM stability. The combination of FTIR-EGA and in situT DRIFTS allows for a quantitative and qualitative monitoring of thermal reactions of SOM, revealing its relative stability, and provides a sound basis for a peak fitting procedure for assigning proportions of evolved CO2 to different thermal stability components.

Abstract. An optimized spectroscopic method combining quantitative evolved gas analysis via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-EGA) and qualitative in situ thermal reaction monitoring via diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situT DRIFTS) is being proposed to rapidly characterize soil organic matter (SOM) to study its dynamics and stability. A thermal reaction chamber coupled with an infrared gas cell was used to study the pattern of thermal evolution of carbon dioxide (CO2) in order to relate evolved gas to different qualities of soil organic matter (SOM). Soil samples were from three different sites, i.e. (i) the Static Fertilization Experiment, Bad Lauchstädt (Chernozem) from treatments of farmyard manure (FYM), mineral fertilizer (NPK), combination (FYM + NPK) and control without fertilizer inputs, and cropped soils from the (ii) Kraichgau and (iii) Swabian Alb (Cambisols) areas, Southwest Germany. Soils from Kraichgau and Swabian Alb were further fractionated into particulate organic matter (POM), sand and stable aggregates (Sa + A), silt and clay (Si + C), and NaOCl oxidized Si + C (rSOC) to gain OM of different inferred stabilities. Fresh soil samples from the Kraichgau and Swabian Alb were incubated at 20 °C and 50% water holding capacity for 490 days in order to measure soil respiration under controlled conditions. A variable long path length gas cell was used to record the mid-infrared absorbance intensity of carbon dioxide (2400 to 2200 cm−1) being evolved during soil heating from 25 to 700 °C with a heating rate of 68 °C min−1 during an initial ramping time of 10 min and holding time of 10 min. Separately the heating chamber was placed in a diffuse reflectance chamber (DRIFTS) for measuring the mid-infrared absorption of the soil sample during heating. Thermal stability of the bulk soils and fractions was measured via the temperature of maximum CO2 (2400 to 2200 cm−1 evolution (CO2). Results indicated that the FYM + NPK and FYM treatments of the Chernozem soils of Bad Lauchstädt had a lower CO2max as compared to both NPK and CON treatments. On average CO2max in Bad Lauchstädt was much higher (447 °C) as compared to the Kraichgau (392 °C) and Swabian Alb (384 °C) sites. The POM fraction had the highest CO2 (477 °C), while rSOC had a first peak at 265 °C at both sites and a second peak at 392 °C for the Swabian Alb and 482 °C for the Kraichgau. The CO2 was found to increase after 490 day incubation, while the C lost during incubation was derived from the whole temperature range but a relatively higher proportion from 200 to 350 °C. In situT DRIFTS measurements indicated decreases in vibrational intensities in the order of C-OH = unknown C vibration <C-H<–COO/C=C<C=C with increasing temperature, but interpretation of vibrational changes was complicated by changes in the spectra (i.e. overall vibrational intensity increased with temperature increase) of the sample during heating. The relative quality changes and corresponding temperatures shown by the in situT DRIFTS measurements enabled the fitting of four components or peaks to the evolved CO2 thermogram from the FTIR-EGA measurements to have a semi-quantitative measure of the quality of evolved C during the heating experiment, lending more evidence that different qualities of SOM are being evolved at different temperatures from 200 to 700 °C. The CO2 was influenced by long-term farmyard manure input and also by 490 days of laboratory incubation, indicating that this measurement can be an indicator for the relative overall SOM stability. The combination of FTIR-EGA and in situT DRIFTS was shown to be useful for monitoring the rate of thermal decomposition of different soils and SOM fractions which were related to their relative stability. This knowledge was used for a peak fitting procedure for assigning proportions of evolved CO2 to different thermal stability components.

Wir bauen das verallgemeinerte diskrete Modell des zu Grunde liegenden Aktienpreisprozesses, der als eine bessere Annäherung an den Aktienpreisprozess dient als der klassische zufällige Spaziergang. Das verallgemeinerte Multinomial-Modell des Option-Preises in Bezug auf das neue Modell des Aktienpreisprozesses wird erhalten. Das entsprechende asymptotische Verfahren erlaubt, die verallgemeinerte Black-Scholes Formel zu erhalten, die die Formel als einen Begrenzungsfall des verallgemeinerten diskreten Option-Preis Modells bewertet.