Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Égalité des sexes – Sociologie – France'
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Pigeyre, Frédérique. "Socialisation différentielle des sexes : le cas des futures femmes cadres dans les grandes écoles d'ingénieurs et de gestion." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070002.
Full textSineau, Mariette. "La politique : un enjeu majeur dans les rapports de pouvoir entre sexes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0004.
Full textTroupel, Aurélia. "Disparités dans la parité : les effets de la loi du 6 juin 2000 sur la féminisation du personnel politique local et national." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0029.
Full textThe law of 6 June 2000, which obliges parties to field an equal number of male and female candidates, should have increased the number of women elected in politics. However, the parity law achieved very variable results, being most effective at the local and European levels whilst having little or no effect on the composition of the Senate and the National Assembly. To understand the reasons for these variations between the different levels of politics, several theories have been tested and a database has been created of female politicians (1958-2004). This research allows certain established ideas to be challenged and disputed. It is revealed that partisanship, changes to the electoral regulations and the presence of female incumbents are not sufficient to explain these variations. On the other hand, the prior feminisation of the elected assembly along with how restrictive the parity law is under the circumstances are both essential to the effective functioning of the law. Taken together, these elements show a perpetuation of the local/national cleavage (strongly and weakly feminised), as argued by Mariette Sineau
Martin, Camille. "Quand la puissance publique délègue l'égalité : ethnographie de la politique de développement du football féminin en France (2011 - 2017)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0146.
Full textThis doctoral research has begun after I joined a workgroup of the French Football Association – the Fédération Française de Football (FFF) – in October 2012. This workgroup was focused on how to develop female football. The reason I joined the group was initially to get access to administrative data to study the career of the players. I got this access in exchange of doing some statistical work for the group. Thus, I worked during four years, with four employees of the FFF, in charge of the development of female football. Doing so, I got the chance to observe the negotiations about gender equality in football and debates about the best orientation to give to the policy of development.This work precisely deals with the construction and implementation of this new policy, created in 2011. This policy takes place in the institutional context of a partnership between the ministry of sports and the sports associations. Thus, the policy of football feminization will be seen as a delegated sectorial policy for gender equality. This mechanism of policy delegation exists in the domain of sport since the 50’s. In other words, the policy of sports is partially operated by the sports associations. The ministry of sports provides them with funds and human support (nearly 1,600 civil servants work for the sport associations). Thus, the public authority keeps a control over the policy of sport and delegates its implementation. This delegation scheme is not specific to sport and has been used in various fields since the 80’s. It is reflected in the growing number of employees in the non-profit associations sector; this sector having increasingly a role of intermediate in the public policies.Therefore, the purpose will be to illustrate the impacts of delegating the public policy related to gender equality to employees working under private law for the FFF. Consequently, their working conditions, the social relationships in which they are included will be objectively examined, to grasp how they embodied this policy and they reflect it. In that matter, it will be demonstrated that despite the great ambiguity of the employee’s status in an association – contractually hired in an organization structured around an ethic of selflessness –, the ones in charge of implementing the feminization within the FFF, build their activity around public service values which consequently impacts the content of their activities. Subsequently, I will consider how the gender inequality, in which the female employees developing the female football evolve, influences the orientations that they give to the policy of development of female football. I will demonstrate that the marginal position occupied by the female employees in the FFF reduces not only their range of actions but creates the risk of a transfer of gender inequality from the female employees to the female players. Indeed, this work proposes to reflect on the impact of delegating public policies to non-profit associations thanks to an observation study of the actual work of privately hired employees to whom the responsibility of public policy is delegated. Hence, it will interlink questionings in sociology related to gender, associative work and public policy
Lépinard, Éléonore. "L'égalité introuvable : stratégies de légitimation et mise en oeuvre de la parité politique en France." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0080.
Full textThe constitutional revision integrating the principle of parité (sex-parity) adopted on July 8th 1999 led to an tremendous production of discourses, interpretations and contestations over the meaning of this political reform. This peculiar emergence of argumentations on the militant scene, in the public sphere and in parliamentary arena encourages a theoretical approach focusing on the role of discourses in the process of legitimation and implementation of the parity. The signification of categories such as gender equality, the discursive struggles, and the actors' representations of the reform constitute the main object of this study. Discourses ara analysed as the vehicle for social representations about gender. They are viewed as the manifestation of the ideological foundation of a specific social organization. These social representations are investigated so as to determine in which ways they participate to reproduce or to transform gender relations
Micou, Evelyne. "L'égalité des sexes en droit privé." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0155.
Full textIn this thesis centred on french private law but supported by elements of compared law. The equality between men and women is considered through professional and family relationships. This numerous references are also made to penal law and international private law. This survery claims to be objective and aims - in the first partto recall the evolution that has come about, to record the means the legislator used to initiale legal equality between and women underlining the effectiveness but pointing out the limits too. The evaluation of legislative intervention, the revealing of legal and practical obstacles reducing the realization of equality between men and women are used as a medium in the second part. The concept of sex equality is studied and analyzed showing chose exemples to suggest an organization of the different technics used by the legislator or intented to be used by him. This organization would be more propitious to favour this equlality
Peiro, Catherine. "Mixité à l'école et inégalités de traitement entre filles et garçons : l’exemple de l’éducation physique et sportive dans le second degré." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20112.
Full textCoeducation is often considered an ideal way to foster equality between girls and boys. Although, in theory, various institutional initiatives encouraging coeducation have contributed to fostering equal rights, they do not always lead to equal opportunities in practice. This study focuses on the tangible aspects of coeducation at secondary school level in the specific fields of physical education (PE) and sport, where some inequality between girls and boys is still often considered ―normal‖. Countering this preconceived notion, the thesis demonstrates that whilst coeducation does not initially stand in the way of greater gender equality, the educational strategies that may be associated with it are likely to put some girls at a disadvantage. In terms of methodology, the research is based on a combination of several studies, including ethnographic observation of 200 teaching hours; some twenty interviews with PE and sports teachers; and secondary analysis of two national surveys based on questionnaires completed by 1,954 secondary school pupils and 1,317 secondary school teachers. The study shows, among other things, that the type of group activity and educational content chosen (which is often male-oriented), as well as the way teachers and pupils interact, are all factors that are likely to promote disparities in the way girls and boys are treated. Finally, the work underlines that teaching PE and sport in a coeducational environment cannot be done without careful consideration of the differences between girls and boys, and the development of educational strategies that take these differences into account (be they biological or cultural)
Jame, Shadi. "Le régime de la nationalité en droit syrien et en droit français : étude de droit comparé entre domination coloniale et droit international contemporain." Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5e79d3da-f17a-45c4-9f09-c061d198569a.
Full textThe nationality is considered as the political and legal bond between the individual and the State. It is very important for the life of the individual, the State and the international community. In fact, the nationality determines the political status of the individuals (the civil rights) along their life and distinguishes them from the foreigners. The Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 states that "everyone has the right to have a nationality" a principal right attached to the individual in his personal life: without having this nationality he will not be able to acquire his essential rights of life. Today’s world is increasingly globalized where the contemporary societies interact easily and continuously. In this context comparative law makes it possible to better understand the issues relating to nationality, and more particularly to deal with the issues such as the nationality of children, equality between men and women, dual nationality and that of statelessness. This thesis deals with a study of comparative law between the French and Syrian nationality law. It underlines the influence of French law on the Syrian law in particular during the French mandate in Syria (from 1924 to 1951) and the constraints of international law. Syrian law of nationality has not changed since 1969. This study intends to propose several directions to allow this law to evolve in a more consistent way
Fondimare, Elsa. "L'impossible indifférenciation : le principe d'égalité dans ses rapports à la différence des sexes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100070.
Full textMany political and legal discourses express today the fear that the equality principle would threaten the difference of sexes. Reforms such as the opening of marriage to same-sex couples, the fight against gender stereotypes or the facilitation of the sex reassignment procedure, generated strong reactions that offer vigorous resistance in order to maintain the difference of sexes in law. It is true that the equality principle has been constructed, throughout the 20thcentury, as an exigence of neutrality between the sexes, particularly through the statement of the non-discrimination principle. Therefore, the link between the equality principle and the difference of sexes has been built as a relation of opposition. However, such a political project comes up against the impossibility for the law to put an end to the difference of sexes. In fact, the law cannot depart from gender, for two main reasons: firstly, the law takes into account the difference of sexes in order to tackle inequalities; secondly, the law itself produces the difference of sexes, through the rules dealing with civil status and filiation. The relations between the equality principle and the difference of sexes appear here contradictory: on the one hand, the evolution of the conception of equality leads to admit the difference of sexes in order to deal with gender inequalities (relation of admission) whereas, on the other hand, the difference of sexes is excluded from an analysis in terms of equality, reinforcing the basis of gender inequalities (relation of exclusion)
Pionchon, Sylvie. "Les femmes et la politique : éléments d'explication d'une sous-représentation." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21023.
Full textMoreau, Marie-Pierre. "Comparer pour comprendre : la différentiation sexuée des parcours professionnels et familiaux des enseigant-e-s du second degré en France et en Angleterre." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20086.
Full textDrawing on gender theories, the sociology of occupations and cross-national comparative perspectives, this doctoral thesis endeavours to understand the construction of gender-differentiated career and personal paths among secondary school teachers in England and France. The analysis is based on primary data (over 60 semi-structured interviews with men and women teachers n both countries) and secondary data (statistical datasets, official reports, etc. ). Gender inequalities and their subjective construction by teachers require a combined analysis of the societal level (including the gendered norms of paid and unpaid work and work-life policies), the specific working conditions and career paths within the teaching profession, and individual biographies. Thanks to the articulation of these differents levels of analysis from a cross-national comparative perspective, the thesis underlines how gender inequalities are socially constructed. Although gender inequalities can be identified in teaching careers in both countries, they nevertheless take different forms according to the national context. The thesis analyses the mechanisms behind the reproduction of gender structures, as well as those leading to their transformation, showing that inequalities between men and women are not inevitable
Chimot, Caroline. "Les dirigeantes dans les organisations sportives : le genre et le sport." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082629.
Full textAlthough the women’s practice of sports has developed and the proportion of women licensed in sports has increased over the last thirty years, women hare still mostly absent of managing positions, volunteer or paid, in federations or Olympic Sports Committee, and they stay a minority among all decision making positions – technical, administrative or electoral. Women leaders’ careers in sport organizations testify that such progression is possible, even if their presence is a “transgression”. It seems that trajectories of women leaders make one wonder about gender, and on a larger scale about social relationships between people. It also analyze the influence of family socialization, life in family sphere, institutional logics and people’s acts in the social change dynamics or its reproduction
Silva, David Alves da. "Le supérieur, l'inférieur et l'égal : sociologie d'un centre social associatif." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100075.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is based partly on the critical study of the usual approaches, in social sciences, to the hierarchical relations and to relations between equals, and partly on the results of observational fieldwork, carried out in an association-based social centre located in Île-de-France. It consists firstly of the compared analysis of the relationship between inferior and superior and of the relationship between equals. Furthermore, it aims to prove that it is heuristically fruitful to distinguish two modalities of the hierarchical relationship, according to whether the inferior obeys voluntarily (authority) or under constraint (domination), and two modalities of the relationship between equals, according to whether the equals succeed in acting together (power), or do not succeed (absence of power)
Adeline, de Boisbrunet Ludovic. "Les femmes dans la magistrature depuis 1945." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020026.
Full textSerdjénian, Evelyne. "Les Femmes et l'égalité." Paris, EHESS, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986EHES0059.
Full textSaboia, Vivian Aranha. "L' emploi des femmes et les politiques de l'emploi dans l'après fordisme : les expériences sociales-libérales en France et au Brésil entre 1995 et 2005." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082721.
Full textThis thesis analyses the links between women's employment and public policies of employment beyond fordisme and in a globalization context. Some of the most important public policies adopted in France and in Brazil, between 1995 and 2005, will be discussed. This work outlines the mains consequences of public policies of employment mostly on the relationship capital/work and on the relationship capital/labor of women. It also highlights that discrimination against women's employment results on the one hand of the process of valorisation, which promotes itself inequalities, and on the other hand of the social relationship construction between women and men, tagged by hierarchy and segregation. This construction has deeper roots which are influenced by the capital (via the State) and occurs in the labor market and the public policies, including the ones supposed favour gender equality
Piel, Elodie. "Le féminisme, un tremplin pour l'affranchissement des hommes ? : les perceptions masculines sur les enjeux féministes en France 1997-2007." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0137.
Full textThe study population is exclusively French men. Specifically of concern is the younger generation of Frenchmen, the inheritors of 1970s feminism. Men under the age of thirty six are of particular interest. The study includes men from three socio-cultural groups: urban, rural and semi-urban. The first section consists of an exploration of the subjects' representation of feminism. What knowledge do they have of the topic? What role does antifeminism play? First observations: Notions of feminism are often interiorized but frequently unconsciously, that is, without a verbalized adherence to its principles. Why and how are feminist principles interiorized? What is happening in society that feminist ideas are interiorized but not acted upon? The second section addresses the resistance that exists to feminism both in French men and in French society in general. How to explain when the feminist cause has not been taken to heart or has been rejected? Traditional values, interactions with the socio-cultural environment or with women, ail have an important influence on how and if feminist values are interiorized. Finally, the study shows that due lo feminism, French men have changed their way of thinking. Their experience of equality with French women is an opportunity to enrich their sense of self as well as a chance to explore deferent facets of their masculinity that were previously unknown or repressed. Feminism obliges men to reposition themselves in their relationship with women as well as with existent models of social behavior. It imposes a new factor in sexual relations as well as in the relation to self-liberation: feminism permitted women to emancipate themselves from the model of patriarchy; it aIso allowed men to distance themselves from that same model, to create the contours of a new identity, a liberated masculine identity
Pasquier, Gaël. "Les pratiques enseignantes en faveur de l'égalité des sexes et des sexualités à l'école primaire : vers un nouvel élément du curriculum." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100142/document.
Full textAlthough in France school can be seen as an important factor in women emancipation many studies have pointed out that it also remains an instrument enabling the social reproduction of traditional gender relations. Since the 80s the National Education official texts have encouraged teachers to work for the promotion of gender equality and to question the sex stereotypes. Since the 2000s they have also asked them to fight against homophobia. These texts define the term as the discrimination or the verbal and the physical violence against the homosexuals but also, through the questioning of sex stereotypes, against those who are suspected of being homosexuals. However these formal requirements seem not well known by teachers and remain therefore unapplied. They nevertheless offer a formal framework and clearly-defined regulatory environment for people wishing to put into practice a non-sexist and/or a non-heterosexist pedagogy based on equal treatment of children regardless of their gender and on the refusal to link gender with predetermined social roles. This work focuses on these innovative practices and aims to strengthen the understanding of the specific work of these teachers and the new issues it raises. This research focuses precisely on the teachers who are intending to take up these issues and these practices in the context of primary school which includes in France the nursery school and the elementary school. On the basis of twenty non-directive interviews we try to better understand the specificity of these teachers's work and the representation they have of it. We also analyze the possibility and the characteristics of an education for gender and sexualities equality at the first education levels and the tensions that it can generate in the exercise of the teaching profession
Aurouet-Himeur, Aurélie. "L'égalité professionnelle homme-femme : étude de droit français et algérien." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1001/document.
Full textOur century established the principle of professional equality between women and men. A comparative study in France and Algeria, two distinct legal systems, allows us to underline both theoretical and practical aspects. Can the distinction between East and West impact on the achievement of professional equality between the sexes? Another study reveals a clear convergence. Legal equality between the sexes is recognized in french and Algerian law (Part 1). The pervasiveness and complexity of the concept will be shown. Ensues international and national recognition of the principle, which was to ignore the cultural considerations. However the findings of unegalitarian situations remain. Although the principle is extended, the relative significance of the principle asserts (Part 2). The search for a social balance between men and women progresses in order to ensure effective the principle
Madi, Angela. "Attitudes des étudiants en STAPS à l'égard de la mixité dans leur pratique des activités physiques et sportives : comparaison entre la France et la Syrie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100146/document.
Full textThis thesis is a detailed comparative study of the perception of coeducation among students in faculties of sport science in France and Syria, and especially during their sport practices.The fundamental differences, whether religious or cultural, between these two countries can illuminate coeducation and equality between the genders. They also elucidate the vivid and specific variations in their answers, which have been widely highlighted in this research.Studying coeducation in physical activity and sports has led us automatically to evaluate the opinions, beliefs and behaviors for each student in regard to the concept of coeducation in daily social life, and genders equality in both countries.On one hand, the concept of coeducation has been embedded in the French community. But its repercussions haven’t suggest critical foundations in modern European culture. On the other hand, inside the Syrian community, there is a craving for modernity along with a fear of radical changes in identity, this reflects a dilemma of a generation with two points of view: the first one considers eliminating these taboos as a vital concern. The second considers coeducation to be a shop window from which the observer could get what he/she needs, while hoping for a more profound change
Sayeux, Anne-Sophie. "Surfeurs, l'être au monde : analyse socio-anthropologique de la culture de surfeurs, entre accords et déviance." Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20053.
Full textFor some, surf practice is part of their building process in the midst of the contemporary worlds. To surf, and especially to become a surfer, is acquired through a traditional transmission, far from federal norms. Being a surfer means a different way of life, which shows in the interaction with other surfers, the use of nature , the outlook on the body as well as in the male/female relations. This particular environment, with its stigmatising aspects, is singled out by the rest of society. Surf practice, which oscilates between game and sport, might be an answer to the contemporary social crisis through its non-respect of rules and values. And it is through these social gaps that the relation to the surfer's world has filtered : this surfing culture which is therefore considered as deviant by the rest of society
Roig, Émilia. "Gender Equality for Some at the Cost of Others : deciphering the Intersectional Discrimination of Racialized Care Workers in France and Germany." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20018.
Full textThis dissertation applies the analytical concept of “intersectional gender inequality” to the analysis of the implications of the development of private care for gender, class and racial structural inequalities in France and Germany. I ask: how do public policies pertaining to social care – in their current formulation – reinforce intersectional inequalities because of their disregard or lack of understanding of intersectional discrimination? To what extent do migration, labor market, family, and gender equality policies frame and address intersectional disadvantage? The transfer of reproductive work from women employed on the formal labor market to other marginalized women poses questions of hierarchy based on racism and classism within the group “women.” My research question could be reformulated as: How do policies promoting the development of personal care services influence equality between men and women, and equality between women? I undertook an in-depth analysis of the intricate relationships between white supremacy, class exploitation and patriarchy and examined how these systems of domination impact on gender inequality. The analysis of discursive politics and policy frames related to the issue of care and gender equality allowed an understanding of the various representations and constructions of the political issues and of the people affected by it.The discourses developed in relation to the above-mentioned policies reflect particular representations of the interrelated problems of gender inequality, labor shortages in the care sector, and immigration, as well as the solutions brought forward to solve them. Using critical frame analysis, this dissertation addresses the intersectional representation (or lack thereof) of racialized women in policies, laws and discourses pertaining to social care. Drawing from this, the specific structural discrimination of racialized women on the labor market will be analyzed.The research reveals that the discursive framing of the policy issues of gender inequality, immigration and employment in care impact on the formulation of policies pertaining to care work, which in turn sustain a discrimination pattern that I describe and conceptualize as intersectional gender inequality
Minkoue, pira Liziane. "Leadership au masculin et au féminin, les différences entre les hommes et les femmes dans la manière de diriger : étude comparative dans le secteur tertiaire en France et au Gabon." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH044.
Full textIn view of the unequal distribution of men and women in certain positions and the under representativeness of women at certain hierarchical levels, the question of the difference between male leadership and female leadership is very acute. Indeed, wondering what are the differences between men and women in the way of directing and what influence these differences have on the level of satisfaction of the subordinates led us to carry out this comparative research in the tertiary sector between France and Gabon. To do this, three studies were conducted. The first study focuses on the analysis of the activities of senior managers (Guilbert & Lancry, 2007) on the issue of management of employees. This study has the particularity of being geared towards managers and aims to highlight the differences in terms of leadership and activities that exist between men and women managers. The second study deals with the description by subordinates of men and women in a leadership position. The aim here is to find out which characteristics, male or female (Tostain, 1993, Bem, 1974) describe these two heads, on one hand. On the other hand, which of these descriptions is closest to their description of the ideal manager? The third study focuses on the analysis of the leadership style of men and women managers in our sample by their subordinates and the influence of these leadership styles on the job satisfaction of the latter. Guided by samples of 20 participants (study 1), 444 participants (study 2) and 433 participants (study 3), the results show us, on the one hand, that there are no significant differences between men and women in the management of subordinates. It appears that men and women leaders maintain close relations with their subordinates with a small hierarchical distance. Men leaders adopt feminine specificities (listening, democracy ...) and women adopt masculine specificities (individualism, firmness ...). On the other hand, it also appears that the ideal leader is presented with more feminine than male characteristics and that men and women leader in leadership positions are presented with masculine and feminine characteristics in Gabon, and masculine characteristics in France. Finally, regarding the leadership style, the results show that in Gabon there are differences between men and women because men are transactional in their leadership style and women make a mix of transactional and transformational styles. And in France, there are no differences between men and women in terms of leadership style. These results allow us to show that the differences between the northern countries, such as France, and the southern countries, such as Gabon, seem to be due to the cultural variable, therefore related to the environmental and cultural context as might think Tedongmo Teko and Bapes Ba Bapes (2010). It would therefore be interesting to bring into play the cultural variable and the leadership in a post-thesis research
Garon, Julie. "L'égalité dans la mire, l'inégalité dans la peau - comprendre l'écart entre les attentes et la réalité des parents dans le partage des tâches." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30418/30418.pdf.
Full textBlanchard, Soline. "De la cause des femmes au marché de l'égalité : l'émergence de l'espace de l'accompagnement à l'égalité professionnelle en France (1965-2012)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20054.
Full textIs it possible to analyse simultaneously the (re)production and transformation of gender inequalities? This thesis aims to address this question, by focussing on women and men who are invested in accompanying organisations towards the promotion of equal opportunities in employment. By taking a reflexive stance on the author’s personal experience and by constructing a rich corpus of written and oral data, including almost one hundred interviews, this thesis uncovers three social processes (institutionalisation, marketization and professionalization), which have characterised the “equal opportunity in employment field” in France, since the mid-1960s. The research underscores the weak institutionalisation of equal opportunity measures in the French context over the period studied. It also reveals the “uncertain” nature of the job and business opportunities related to accompanying organisations in the promotion of equal opportunities in employment. The thesis illustrates the difficulties associated with organising a field that is invested by individuals originating from very diverse horizons, with varied know-how and qualifications. Two factors seem to play a major role in determining the denial of the “professional” nature of the activities studied here: the highly gendered characteristics of the field in question and the more general discredit of anything associated with feminism in France. This thesis sheds light on the scientific and social issues that are raised by activities related to the promotion of equal opportunities in employment. From a trans-disciplinary perspective, it echoes contemporary discussions within several research communities, including: Gender Studies, Social Policy, Economic Sociology and Sociology of the Professions
Pecori, Francesca. "Donne e scienza : il premio L'Oréal. Un modello contemporaneo per promuovere la presenza femminile." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC136/document.
Full textThe starting point from which this work originated is to understand and investigate the problem of inequality, from a sociological perspective, through the gender category and specifically in science. The difference in the number of women at the highest level (and not only) of professional hierarchies in science (universities, laboratories, research centers, institutions) is a reality. Our research aims to investigate the mechanisms through which gender inequality operates in the scientific world and, to achieve this goal, we have used a case study considered particularly important and useful, that of the For Women and Science Award, an important international recognition dedicated to women who work in science. After defining the theoretical horizon which constitutes the context of the thematics of our research, we have realised a secondary analysis of data and then, we have developed and submitted the award’s winners to a structured interview, integrating, in this way, the preparatory study phase with the direct voice of the protagonists. The core of the research is represented by the case study of the L’Oréal’s Award, which has permitted to establish a direct dialogue with the scientists who have succeeded in science and therefore it has helped us to highlight some of the key dynamics responsible of inequality. On one hand, the Award’s case study reflects how the presence of women in the scientific world is still perceived as a phenomenon to be underlined, therefore, in certain aspects, to be protected, showing that gender equality in science must not be taken for granted, but rather as an objective to be pursued with perseverance and determination. On the other hand, it stresses that scientific research has become - as the European Community has not failed to highlight and as the literature underlines - a constitutive aspect of a developed society and of its economic and political dynamics. We may wonder: why a multinational has decided to invest in an area apparently so far from its own sector? How is the Award’s placement in the company’s context? These are some of the questions we have asked and we have tried to answer in order to face the case study chosen and to receive important and innovative informations about the thematics we wanted to analyse with this research
L’idea di partenza da cui ha avuto origine il presente lavoro è stata quella di confrontarsicon il problema, secondo una prospettiva sociologica, della disuguaglianza attraverso lacategoria di genere e, specificatamente, nell’ambito della scienza. La differenza del numerodi donne ai livelli apicali (e non solo) delle gerarchie lavorative in ambito scientifico(università, laboratori, centri di ricerca, istituzioni) è un dato inoppugnabile in quantopermane costante nel tempo. Nella nostra ricerca ci siamo posti, dunque, l’obiettivo di indagarei meccanismi attraverso cui le discriminazioni di genere operano nell’universoscientifico. La nostra indagine ha principiato con un’analisi della letteratura che ci hapermesso di comprendere e definire lo stato dell’arte attuale evidenziando un trend cheresta, purtroppo, invariato. Abbiamo, in seguito, studiato e cercato di capire e mettere inluce quali siano le motivazioni e le dinamiche alla base della perdurante condizione dimarginalità in cui versano le donne e, a tal fine, siamo ricorsi allo studio di un caso giudicatoparticolarmente significativo e interessante, rappresentato dal Premio Pour les femmeset la science. I racconti delle vincitrici del Premio, rappresentanza dell’eccellenzascientifica mondiale, ci hanno permesso di raccogliere importantissime informazioni riguardoa molteplici aspetti relativi alle nostre tematiche. E’ stato infatti possibile fare lucesull’impatto effettivo esercitato sulle carriere scientifiche femminili da parte dell’iniziativadella multinazionale e, in particolar modo, abbiamo potuto raccogliere direttamente dallavoce delle scienziate opinioni, visioni ed esperienze significative che ci hanno permesso diapprofondire dall’interno e secondo un punto di vista inedito e foriero di spunti, le tematicheoggetto della presente tesi. In questo scenario, dopo aver delineato l’orizzonte teoricoentro cui dirigere la nostra attenzione, abbiamo dapprima intrapreso un’analisi secondariadei dati e, in un secondo momento, abbiamo elaborato e somministrato alle vincitrici delPremio un’intervista strutturata. Il nucleo centrale della ricerca è costituito, quindi, dallostudio del caso del Premio che ci ha permesso di instaurare un dialogo diretto con quelledonne che sono riuscite a fare breccia nelle potenti mura che da sempre hanno delimitatoil fortino della scienza, permettendoci così di rilevare alcune delle principali dinamicheche possono essere ritenute responsabili delle dinamiche discriminatorie che produconodisuguaglianze nell’operato delle donne. Da un lato, infatti, il Premio indica come la presenzafemminile nell’universo scientifico sia ancora avvertita come un fenomeno non risolto,dunque, per certi aspetti, da porre costantemente all’attenzione, a testimonianza diquanto la parità di genere nella scienza non vada data per scontata, ma sia anzi un obiettivoda perseguire con costanza e determinazione. Dall’altro lato, esso mette in evidenzache la ricerca scientifica è diventata – come la Comunità Europea non ha mancato di sottolinearee come rimarca molta letteratura – un aspetto costitutivo di una società evoluta edelle sue dinamiche economiche e politiche. Possiamo allora chiederci: perché una famosissimamultinazionale che opera nel campo della cosmesi ha deciso di investire in unaquestione apparentemente così distante e lontana dal proprio ambito di intervento nel mercato? Come si colloca il premio all’interno del contesto aziendale? Questi sono alcuni deiquesiti che ci siamo posti e a cui abbiamo tentato di rispondere perché ritenuti imprescindibiliper affrontare in modo il più possibile approfondito il caso studio prescelto
Lanisson, Valérie. "Femmes et constitution : étude comparée des cas français et américain." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32032.
Full textThe constitutional status of women is a new question, which became interesting since the second half of the XXth century. The militancy of a few women permitted them to reach important positions in the public and civil life, and to get certain autonomy in private relationships and in their families. These successes, even if they were relative and limited, constituted the first step to the awareness that women could reach and obtain equality with men. France and United States don't give the same importance to the concept of Equality, America choose Common Law, France uses a system based on Civil Law, and the two States have opposite models for their constitutional justice system. All these differences invited us to study Equality in a comparative and abstract approach, so that we could show that the french and american constitutional notions, interpretations and methods are noticeably different (First part). But, and it is probably the " application paradox ", the concrete, pragmatic and thematic study of women's position in politics, administrations, work relations and family law, shows a real convergence of the solutions in France and United States. Sexual Equality, even if it is not achieved, is really advancing in a similar way in the two States. This research also includes a bibliography and an alphabetical index of contents
Gourdeau, Camille. "L' intégration des étrangers sous injonction : Génèse et mise en œuvre du contrat d'accueil et d'intégration." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC025.
Full textThis work aims to study, from a historical perspective, the uses of the welcome and integration contract (CAT). To this end, the research undertaken from 2010 to 2013 is based upon an ethnographic study, carried out in several territorial departments of the French Office for Immigration and Integration (OFII), combining the observation of each step of the program am a series of interviews with the agents of this office, the instructors and the signatories. First, we investigate the enforcement of foreigners reception policies by retracing the evolution of the OFII and of ail the institutions involved, with the emergence of an ad hoc public service. This overall perspective allows us to consider the various affiliations of the CAL This research sheds a light on the contradictions at work between laws, public discourses and the practices of the OFII agents, whose activity is marked by a tension between administrative management and social support for immigrants. Secondly, the notion of « integration » is addressed, then its different uses in sociology and in public policies are analysed. Since it is stated in the law as a condition to obtain a resident permit, integration has become an injunction, as social as it is juridical. From the point of view of the signatories, the program set up is above ail perceived as an imperative administrative procedure. Third and last, the examination of the linguistic and civic training provided under the CAI reveal that questions of equality among men and women, and of secularism, presented as major issues, place the signatories in a position of otherness. Through its participation in the production of a national identity and in the rhetoric according to which sex equality and religioig neutrality tell the difference between immigration countries (« Us ») and those of origin (« Them »), the CAI participates in redefining new boundaries
Jönsson-Leclerc, Alexandra. "Les politiques de la conciliation entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle en Europe : une comparaison entre la France, la Suède et le Royaume-Uni." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0039.
Full textThis comparative analysis reconstitutes the conditions of emergence and institutionalization of public policies regarding the conciliation of family and professional life in France, Sweden and the United Kingdom at the beginning of the 20th century and during the 1960s, before questioning their evolution in the recent period of the 1990s to nowadays. Focusing on the forms and justifications by which governments have chosen to intervene in the organization of care services for young children and of parental leave measures, the analysis insists, on a first level, on the structural differences that dominate the national cases historically. On a second level, a series of recent gradual changes are demonstrated, following in the three cases a common pattern: One part forms a process of “defamiliasation”, indicating an intensified public involvement in the care of young children at the same time as an increasing variety in the provision of care services. The other part translates a process of “parentalisation”, pointing at a new public involvement in the organization of domestic care work within the family in order to favour parents’ professional participation as well as a more equal sharing of care responsibilities between women and men. The similar redefinition of the boundaries between public and private in the three countries indicates a convergence-trend, spurred by a more egalitarian public conception of gender relations. Considered in the context of an intensified European integration, this trend shows how European public policies are becoming ever more interwoven displaying a case of Europeanization where the influence of Europe can be neither certified nor excluded
Gamess, Eline. "Proposition pour une mixité réussie entre les hommes et les femmes dans les sphères de décision et de direction : Étude comparative entre la Martinique et le Québec." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0846/document.
Full textIn the 20th Century, in France, Martinique and Québec, the world of Work is still characterized by persistent professional disparities. Should the not-mixing be an invariant whatever the contexts, in the general managerial function, or in other words, the professional vertical segregation in the company ?The Manager’s and decider’s cultural reference tables remain still male. The representations built by themselves on the women and men social roles in work area are quickly and durably condensed in negative stereotypes against the women.From the theory of the central core of Abric (abric’score), it seems appropriate to try to identify the main determinants which presided over the construction of these stereotypes. This hard core would be constituted by symbolic and social historic determinism. Be interested in the "demolition" of the sexual stereotypes against the women establishes a way to rethink the collective action to act more effectively in regards to professional mixing. Indeed, several works showed that under certain conditions, the central elements of a representation could be sensitive to information coming to contradict them.To make a success of the professional mixing between the women and men in the general managerial function of companies requires so much on behalf of the government policy, a that of the human resources, strong actions raising stakes in the elimination of stereotypes and demolition of the social role assigned to the woman since millenniums
Cousteaux, Anne-Sophie. "Le masculin et le féminin au prisme de la santé et de ses inégalités sociales." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de paris - Sciences Po, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661611.
Full textMeyer, Jennifer. "La genèse du racial-féminisme. Race, classe et genre autour de Pia Sophie Rogge-Börner." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0931.
Full textTaking on the extensive debate on intersectionality, this doctoral thesis examines the interlocking of the categories race, class and gender as well as the articulation of feminism, anti-Semitism and racism in the writings of Sophie Rogge-Börner (1878-1955). Firstly, this project exposes the mechanisms of racialization of the power relations between the sexes which were at work in the production of an equivalence between the Nordic “race” and gender equality as well as in the ascribing of a “Jewish” character to patriarchy. The thesis then describes Rogge-Börner’s explanation for the advent of male domination as a result of racial mixing and degeneration and confronts it with her assertion of the constructed character of sexual difference. Furthermore, the project analyses the concrete demands of a discourse which presents female emancipation as a potential limited by racial origin as well as the condition for racial regeneration. The thesis shows that the reference to ahistorical and essentialist categories could be the basis for an egalitarian but non-universalist understanding of feminism. Finally, the project looks at the persistence of these ideas within the New Right.In consciously avoiding a normative definition of feminism, this thesis shows how a political emancipatory movement, on the one hand, produced new exclusions and hierarchies among women and, on the other hand, provided new arguments to the racial and anti-Semitic discourse during the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. The thesis thus brings to light a specific intricacy of racial and sexual dominance
Gasquet, Béatrice de. "Genre, rituel et politiques de l'identité juive : dispositifs de socialisation dans les synagogues non orthodoxes en France." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0110.
Full textSpanning gender studies, sociology of religion, and political sociology, this research explores the local dimension of religious conflicts on gender through the case of French Judaism in the early 2000s. This dissertation studies the organizational production of gender and Jewish identity in non-Orthodox synagogues in France. Substantially outnumbered by Orthodox Judaism, liberal and masorti synagogues are characterized by mixed seating and active participation of women in religious ritual. Using an ethnographical approach, this research analyzes space, ritual, public speaking, religious training, and mobilization for the synagogue, to show how synagogues act as a set of processes of socialization or "dispositifs" that contribute to the organizational production of gendered subjectivities. French synagogues are located in a social figuration where women’s place in the religious space is used as a symbolic marker between religious movements in conflict over the definition of Jewishness and Judaism. This thesis shows how each organisation's position in this religious field has consequences on the 'perception of the gendered division of labor, the appropriation of religious debates on gender, and the legitimacy of local efforts to promote women's participation in ritual. In such a context where gender is a discourse on power, iterated performance of ritual produces reflexivity on gender, in the form of a male pride in equality, and a female moral imperative of self-justification. While current literature on gender and religion has focused predominantly on conservative religious contexts, this research explores normativity within liberal religious organizations
Poudrier, Janie. "La pensée hétéro : l'égalité dans le prisme de la différence sexuelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29500/29500.pdf.
Full textRahmani, Tabar Mohsen. "La protection pénale des libertés et droits fondamentaux de la femme. : Étude comparée Iran-France." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10050.
Full textWe observe significant differences in the criminal protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of women between Iran and France. These dissimilarities are derived from fundamental differences in the definition of concepts of human rights based on the perception of the world in Islam and secularism. These differences affect the legal implementation of the human rights of women in the national and international level. France has affirmed its commitment to the DDHC by its adoption in the French constitutional bloc. It has acceded to most international and regional instruments on human rights, prevention of violence against women and discrimination against women. It is committed to implement the ratified international treaties and to internalize through the mechanism provided by the Constitutional Code. Iran claimed the Constitutional Code; all laws must be consistent with Islamic requirements. We studied the incompatibility of Islam with certain rights enshrined in the UDHR and other international instruments including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. The French Criminal Law in relation to Iranian penal protection of women clearly identifies the criminal policy in the struggle against violence against women and discrimination through criminalization and punitive responses in this regard
Pagliardini, Lucia. "Les femmes dans le champ cinématographique ˸ le rôle des productrices de cinéma françaises depuis la Nouvelle Vague jusqu’à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030012.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the role of French film producers as central figures in the production process of each film. Notwithstanding their important contribution, film producers are largely forgotten in the history of the seventh art and little known to the general public, the studies having focused more on actresses, screenwriters and directors. It is precisely this lack that the present research proposes to fill by exploring the careers, the motivations, the difficulties encountered and the daily life of the French film producers, by highlighting what they brought, by showing how they made to evolve the profession of producer and in particular how much they influenced the economy of the cinema and shaped, by their work, our imagination. Our analysis is articulated in three stages, in order to understand the process that has favored the advent of women in French film production since the Nouvelle Vague until today. The project to enhance the role of producers not only reveals a part of the history of the seventh art, but also to ask the question of film production declined to the feminine at the heart of the reflection on the work. Our thesis aims to reveal, through the words, actions and management of producers, the history of the seventh art through a new perspective, to better understand the cultural reality and its contradictions. It is certain that there can be no question of the history of cinema without these women
Ouabdelmoumen, Nadia. "Contractualisation des rapports sociaux : le volet linguistique du contrat d'accueil et d'intégration au prisme du genre." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20053/document.
Full textSince the adoption of the law on immigration and integration on July 24, 2006, any person applying for residency in France has the legal obligation to sign the Accommodation and Integration Contract (CAI). This contract notably subordinates the issuing or the renewal of a residence permit to the completion of language tests and/or trainings. In this context, a link is explicitly established politically between the necessity of this Foucaldian apparatus and the importance of the “equality between women and men” principle, presented as a fundamental base of the “French integration ideal”.In this thesis, a fieldwork-based account of the implementation of these “offered-required” linguistic trainings demonstrates how the French teaching-learning contract is the place of the incorporation and reactualization of the consubstantial gender and social “relations” (rapports sociaux).In this case of cultural and linguistic institutional prescription, the problematizations and interpretations of the gender and social re-actualization processes are articulated with an analysis of the contexts and principles that trigger the realization of the contractual apparatus : sexual equality, the construction of opposition in immigration (“chosen vs. suffered”), employment activation policies, autonomy, equality of chances, work, diversity, etc. This will take us to consider the contractualization of social “relations” (rapports sociaux)
Abath, Anastasie Amboulé. "L'expérience au travail de femmes dirigeantes de structures sportives au Québec : le paradoxe passion/obstacles." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19289.
Full textCros, Lucie. "Les ouvrières et le mouvement social : retour sur la portée subversive des luttes de chez Lip à l'épreuve du genre." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC026/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation is to seek to understand the impacts of the social movement on the sexual division of work . lt takes for cases of analysis social struggles that have happened in the bisontine company Lip, between 1973 and 1981. Those strikes which were long, made up of men and women, embodying an idea l self-management, carry on a great dynamic force for change. But our search shows that in spite of the radicality of the ways used by the strikers, the women's emancipation didn't take place during the fights. However, the militant commitment favars a perception by women workers of gender inequalities. Comparing women and men trajectories before, during and after the social movement, we highlight an ongoing of gender and class hierarchies, including in militant actions, even though somme resistances are observed. lndeed, the studied biographical disruptions show an access to the awerness of the male domination, also related with the interaction between women workers and feminists movements. At last, this research come back on the subversive reach of Lip's strikes, in view of a particular historical context, trajectories and socialisations, and the way the women participate in the production of a social memory
Bella, M'ba Noella Maryse. "Comprendre l'engagement politique des femmes au Gabon." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH193.
Full textEmerging from an initial questioning on Gabonese democracy, this research has evolved, not in order to emancipate itself from it, but to analyze one of its fundamental aspects which is too often put aside: the equality of gender representativeness. In Gabon, since the National Conference that established democracy in the early 1990s, the presence of women within Governments and major Institutions of the Republic has been permanent. Previously, the female groups were the main platform for their expression, limitating them to a peripheral practice in the political field. Now, they seem perfectly integrated into the sphere of responsibility.This doctoral thesis questions the commitment of women in the context of Gabon. It analyses in particular the construction of different identity among socially defined women, but also relationships between them, and the image of the political sphere that they build. It also deals with the adequacy between the women's practices and the realities of this field. In short, the main objective of this research is to analyse the perpetuation of the asymmetries between women and men in terms of responsibilities and representativeness.The main method consisted in semi-structured interviews of some 60 women and men representatives or activists from a dozen political parties of the majority and the opposition, of the associations, but also of Gabonese citizens and a variety of non partisan and not militant Gabonese people belonging to various social categories. Many theoretical assumptions have reinforced this study which is especially at the crossroads of the reproduction, of sex relationships, of domination, of the theory of social dominance, but also of symbolic violence and that are related to the imaginary of African creeds.This study provides insights into the political commitment of women in Gabon. Despite their increasing numerical presence, and the fact that the country has committed itself, on a continental and global scale to reduce inequalities between women and men and to improve the status of women, their existence as political actors remains precarious. This is visible through the positions they occupy and which remain intrinsically linked to the same major themes. In the end, the quantitative and qualitative under-representation of Gabonese women in terms of responsibilities is the result of many factors, including the difficulty to juxtapose their many binding identities, the need of maintaining a family organization undermined by the disappearance or changes of men’s sense of social manhood itself due to a greater presence of women at the top of the hierarchy, women's practices that are not suited to search and the conquest of power, as well as the important influence of traditional values inherited. Finally, the trimorphic organization of society, that is to say, its separation into three separate worlds, namely, the private sphere, the public sphere and the sphere of powers, makes the reality of Gabonese women’s political commitment more complex
Perrin, Faustine. "Gender equality and economic growth in the long-run : a cliometric analysis." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015528.
Full textGuignard, Lison. "La fabrique de l'égalité par le droit. Genèse et usages transnationaux du protocole de Maputo sur les droits des femmes de l’Union africaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN025.
Full textThis doctoral research explores the process of law-making of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, better known as the Maputo Protocol. Crossing theoretical corpus of sociology of law-making and sociology of mobilisations, this thesis is dedicated to the genesis and trajectory of this text in different spaces, i.e the actors game taking place on the regional arena (OAU/AU) but also, concomitantly or successfully on the national and international arenas. It is a multi-scale approach which is adopted to analyse this normative production through the games and epistemological meaning bestowed by different actors. The research deals with potential uses and mobilisations of the Maputo protocol as they are produced by different clusters: the "cluster of the legal, judiciary and juridical instrument" (or expert cluster), the "cluster of public action instrument, promotion/protection of Women's Rights " (or activist cluster), the "cluster of legitimate and ceremonial" (or state cluster), the "cluster of universalistic referential" (or Northern cluster) and the "cluster of statu quo and inefficiency" (or resistant cluster). Indeed, it is through interactions between these different clusters, which act and interact during the making of this legal African text on equality between men and women, which is analysed this legal-making process (understood, in conformity with our sociological approach, as construction as well as implementation of this text). The doctoral research studies more specifically the structuring tension between symbolical and instrumental dimensions of law which shapes history and mobilisations around this text
Karakostaki, Charitini. "Les fêtes nouvelles. Enquête sur les idéaux de la société ouverte et leur mise en scène : Paris 1981-2014." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH030.
Full textThe present thesis examines the installation of new festive events in France, and more particularly in Paris, since the 80s. These celebrations mark a shift in regard to "traditional" celebrations which mostly revolve around the concepts of the sacred and the nation. Nourished by an ethnographic observation of several years, this work highlights a variety of aspects: the process of their invention and their creation and by the public authorities; the supervision of the events by cultural managers or associations and collectives; the invention of new ritual forms and the adaptation of older ones; the design of the urban scenery and the use of distinctive codes; the appropriation of these events fro, the society and the various debates to which they gave rise. Each part of the thesis deals with a celebration in an independent way. The Fête de la musique, the Gay Pride and the Nuit blanche are analyzed here in priority. However, next to them parade also other events, entirely new and ambitious, such as the European Capital of Culture and the Allumées of Nantes which offer a better insight into changes that took place on a European level. Finally, based on Durkheim's classic thesis, this work proposes to consider these festive events as an entry point into a greater inquiry about the ideals of the open society. The asserted intention of the organizers to put in place a new conception of living together and the social bond is in many ways the occasion to celebrate a French and European society, that is peaceful, reconciled and tolerant
Tavakoli, Aram. "L' image de la femme dans les nouvelles de Paul Morand." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030022.
Full textLamarre, Simon. "Rapports sociaux de sexe et féminisation du corps enseignant au Québec : tendances longues et dynamiques actuelles." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22438.
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