Journal articles: 'Egg incubation'

1

Ackerman, Ralph A., David, Tracy Barker, Geoff Birchard, Donal M. Boyer, Michael Gamer, Stephen Hammack, Bruce Shwedick, and Robert Nathan. "Egg Incubation." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1529-9651.12.1.7.

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Glenn, Donald W., and Terrence R. Tiersch. "An Alternative Egg-Incubation Jar." Progressive Fish-Culturist 59, no. 3 (July 1997): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1997)059<0253:aaeij>2.3.co;2.

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Karjalainen, Anna K., Hanna E. Arola, Jukka T. Syrjänen, and Juha Karjalainen. "Water quality assessment by in situ whitefish egg incubation." Advances in Limnology 66 (December 15, 2021): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/adv_limnol/2021/0078.

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HULET, R. M., V. L. CHRISTENSEN, and L. G. BAGLEY. "Controlled Egg Weight Loss During Incubation of Turkey Eggs." Poultry Science 66, no. 3 (March 1987): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0660428.

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Soeb, Md Janibul Alam, Muhammad Rashed Al Mamun, Shamima Shammi, Minhaj Uddin, and Rukon Ahmed Eimon. "Design and Fabrication of Low-Cost Incubator to Evaluate Hatching Performance of Egg." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 7 (December 3, 2021): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.7.2662.

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In this study, a poultry egg incubator was designed, fabricated, and tested to evaluate its hatching performance. The incubator consists of a microcontroller with egg turner trays and incubating chamber of 116 nos. of egg capacity. The hatchability of the developed incubator was 79.3% and 87.1% hatchability during manual and automatic trials respectively. The temperature in the developed incubator was within the acceptable incubation temperature ranges from 37.6 °C to 38.6 °C. The average relative humidity in the developed incubator was maintained at 63.6% at manual and 55-65% at automatic trial. The eggs were turned manually approximately at 6 hours of interval. On the other hand, in the automatically controlled trial, it was done by egg turner maintaining exactly 6 hours of interval. It is noted that the percentage of hatching in rice husk incubators is below 55% which is much below comparing with the developed incubator. Also, the newborn chickens in rice husk incubators are unhealthy as they don’t get a sufficient amount of heat. Besides, in the sand incubation technique, kerosene-based hurricane lamps are used which produce Carbon Dioxide. The developed incubator is environment friendly because it doesn’t produce any by-product that is responsible for harming the environment. Also, after the successful trials, we have found the benefit-cost ratio was 1.42 which was quite satisfactory. The egg incubator can maintain the optimum conditions for the hatching of the chicken eggs and is capable of incubating and hatching the chicken eggs effectively. If the developed incubator is commercially supplied to the end-user, it will be a beneficial process of hatching for the farmer of Bangladesh.

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Soeb, Md Janibul Alam, Muhammad Rashed Al Mamun, Shamima Shammi, Minhaj Uddin, and Rukon Ahmed Eimon. "Design and Fabrication of Low-Cost Incubator to Evaluate Hatching Performance of Egg." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 7 (December 3, 2021): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ej-eng.2021.6.7.2662.

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In this study, a poultry egg incubator was designed, fabricated, and tested to evaluate its hatching performance. The incubator consists of a microcontroller with egg turner trays and incubating chamber of 116 nos. of egg capacity. The hatchability of the developed incubator was 79.3% and 87.1% hatchability during manual and automatic trials respectively. The temperature in the developed incubator was within the acceptable incubation temperature ranges from 37.6 °C to 38.6 °C. The average relative humidity in the developed incubator was maintained at 63.6% at manual and 55-65% at automatic trial. The eggs were turned manually approximately at 6 hours of interval. On the other hand, in the automatically controlled trial, it was done by egg turner maintaining exactly 6 hours of interval. It is noted that the percentage of hatching in rice husk incubators is below 55% which is much below comparing with the developed incubator. Also, the newborn chickens in rice husk incubators are unhealthy as they don’t get a sufficient amount of heat. Besides, in the sand incubation technique, kerosene-based hurricane lamps are used which produce Carbon Dioxide. The developed incubator is environment friendly because it doesn’t produce any by-product that is responsible for harming the environment. Also, after the successful trials, we have found the benefit-cost ratio was 1.42 which was quite satisfactory. The egg incubator can maintain the optimum conditions for the hatching of the chicken eggs and is capable of incubating and hatching the chicken eggs effectively. If the developed incubator is commercially supplied to the end-user, it will be a beneficial process of hatching for the farmer of Bangladesh.

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7

Dewey, Dana, and Eric J. Wagner. "Inexpensive Polyvinyl Chloride Egg Incubation Jar." Progressive Fish-Culturist 55, no. 3 (July 1993): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0207:ipceij>2.3.co;2.

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Yen, An, Hsiao-Jou Wu, Pin-Yi Chen, Hon-Tsen Yu, and Jia-Yang Juang. "Egg Incubation Mechanics of Giant Birds." Biology 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080738.

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Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to conduct mechanical analyses on eggshells of giant birds, and relate this to the evolution and reproductive behavior of avian species. We aim to (1) investigate mechanical characteristics of eggshell structures of various ratite species, enabling comparisons between species with or without reversed sexual size dimorphism (RSSD); (2) quantify the safety margin provided by RSSD; (3) determine whether the Williams’ egg can have been incubated by an extinct giant bird Genyornis newtoni; (4) determine the theoretical maximum body mass for contact incubation. We use a dimensionless number C to quantify relative shell stiffness with respect to the egg size, allowing for comparison across wide body masses. We find that RSSD in moas significantly increases the safety margin of contact incubation by the lighter males. However, their safety margins are still smaller than those of the moa species without RSSD. Two different strategies were adopted by giant birds—one is RSSD and thinner shells, represented by some moa species; the other is no RSSD and regular shells, represented by the giant elephant bird. Finally, we predicted that the upper limit of body mass for contact incubation was 2000 kg.

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Faki, Aisha E., E. A. E. Obeid, Hagir I. M. Osman, and A. E. Amin. "Ostrich (Struthio camelus ) Egg Embryonic Death During Artificial Incubation." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i4.13523.

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Intensification of ostrich farming revealed that egg hatchability was remarkably lower than the wild. This review considers the factors leading to, as pertaining to the ostrich, egg and incubator. Ostrich genotype, age, season and congenital problems affect clutch and egg sizes and egg quality- fertility to lead a successful hatch. Egg treatment prior incubation can later reduce hatchability, affected by storage conditions and duration. Most detrimental factors lie in the incubator and hatcher management. Egg correct positioning and turning in the appropriate incubator humidity and temperature are likely to yield high hatch. Variability in egg size, shell quality, pore sizes and numbers govern the water loss and exchange of gases. The hatcher management is important when chicks need intervention. Dead-in-shell embryos, early or late were likely to be affected by all of the above factors plus egg microbial contamination or be merely nutritional.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 566-578

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Ronconi, R. A., and J. M. Hipfner. "Egg neglect under risk of predation in Cassin’s Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 5 (May 2009): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-027.

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We tested predictions concerning the significance of egg neglect for the burrow-nesting seabird Cassin’s auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Pallas, 1811)) at a colony where endemic Keen’s mice (Peromyscus keeni Merriam, 1897) depredate unattended eggs. A video-camera probe was used to monitor neglect and predation in 32 burrows, and mass loss of incubating adults was measured in 12 separate burrows. Incubating birds lost 8.1% of their body mass over obligate 24 h incubation shifts, suggesting that incubation is costly. In response, most pairs (79%) neglected their egg at least once. As predicted, rates of neglect decreased as incubation progressed, and the costs of neglect increased. Rates of neglect increased during periods of strong winds, which create poor foraging conditions at sea. Contrary to predictions, rates of neglect did not increase when burrows were colder and self-maintenance costs were higher. Neglect was risky in that rates of egg loss by predation increased with frequency of neglect. Increased neglect early in incubation and during periods of poor foraging conditions, despite high rates of predation on neglected eggs, is consistent with the existence of a fitness trade-off between costs and benefits of neglect.

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11

Zawada, Adam, Ryszard Polechoński, and Anna Bronowska. "Iodine Disinfection of Sea Trout, Salmo Trutta (L.), Eggs and the Affect on Egg Surfaces." Archives of Polish Fisheries 22, no. 2 (July 15, 2014): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2014-0011.

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Abstract The aim of the research was to investigate the impact iodine solution disinfection had on Salmo trutta (L.) egg survival rates during incubation, and to determine the effect of the disinfection procedure on egg shells using scanning microscopy. The study groups were bathed in a Desamar K30 solution at a concentration of 100 ml per 10 dm-3 for 10 m once after the eggs had hardened and four times after the eyed stage. Egg samples for scanning analyses were collected on day 30 of incubation at the eyed stage after the first bath in the iodophor solution, and then at the end of incubation. Egg surface images were analyzed for the number of bacteria, the presence of hyphae, and the egg surface area covered with sediments. No statistically significant differences were noted in embryo survival rates in the groups that were disinfected. The highest number of bacteria was observed on egg surfaces which had not been disinfected prior to hatching. A significant amount of sediment was observed on the eggs during incubation. On day 90 of incubation, all of the egg surfaces were covered with sediments. Disinfection was not noted to have had a significant impact on the presence of hyphae. Iodophor preparations can be used for routine disinfection of trout eggs; however, other means of disinfection should be applied before the eyed egg stage.

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12

Wang, Jennifer M., and Wesley W. Weathers. "Egg Laying, Egg Temperature, Attentiveness, and Incubation in the Western Bluebird." Wilson Journal of Ornithology 121, no. 3 (September 2009): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/08-116.1.

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13

Deeming, D. Charles. "The Role of Egg Turning during Incubation." Avian Biology Research 2, no. 1-2 (April 2009): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815509x431849.

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Lamekhov, Yuri Gennadievich. "Duration of colonial bird species egg incubation." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201871111.

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The paper deals with one of the aspects of bird early ontogenesis biology - egg incubation duration, which was defined as the time interval between egg laying and hatching from it. The oomorphological parameters are determined taking into account the ordinal number of the laid eggs. Parameters of early ontogeny of birds are studied on the example of colonially nesting species: blackberry toadstool ( Podiceps nigricollis C.L. Brehm.) and lake gull ( Larus ridibundus L.). Within the colonial settlement of these species, the biological center and the periphery of the colony were isolated. When studying the parameters of early ontogeny of birds and oomorphological characteristics, the same number of eggs was taken into account. During field and laboratory studies it was found that the incubation of eggs lasts longer in eggs from the nests of the biological center of the colony. The first eggs are incubated longer. These features clearly manifested in the early ontogeny of the gull. The increase in the egg incubation duration occurs against the background of an increase in their mass and a decrease in the concentration of lysozyme in the protein shell of the egg. Egg incubation duration is one of the results of embryonalization as a way of evolution of ontogeny. The manifestation of the results of embryogenesis was revealed for the first eggs in the nests of the biological center of the colony. Embryonalization leads to an increase in egg incubation duration as well as to a decrease in the intensity of elimination in early ontogenesis, which affects the number of individuals breeding in the colony and, accordingly, the structure of the colonial settlement of birds.

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15

Cheng, Yu, Miaomiao Xin, David Gela, Marek Rodina, Vladimíra Tučková, Vojtěch Kašpar, Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique, William L. Shelton, and Otomar Linhart. "Optimization of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) egg incubation." Animal Reproduction Science 215 (April 2020): 106334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106334.

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16

Jarvis, M. J. F., R. H. Keffen, and C. Jarvis. "SOME PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OSTRICH EGG INCUBATION." Ostrich 56, no. 1-3 (March 1985): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1985.9639568.

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17

Mammad Mammadov, Shahmar, and Mahir Hamza Hajiyev. "İnkubasiya yumurtasının dezinfeksiya texnologiyasında innovativ inkişafı." NATURE AND SCIENCE 23, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/23/6-12.

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The article deals with the study of the effect of pre-incubation disinfection of chicken eggs with Monclavit-1 on the quality of incubation, hatching and viability of chickens. While incubation bactericidal properties of the Monklavitis-1 has shown high prolonged and antiseptic properties. As in control group blood ring was by 1,2%, in frozen by 1,4% and in dead by 2,0% more than in expert groups. Monklavitis-1 contributed to high percentage (84,4%) of the healthy young chickens. In the industrial poultry breeding, for the reduction of microbial contamination of the surfaces of the egg shell, internal surface of incubatory, hatchers and air environment of the incubator we recommend to use Monklavitis-1 for the disinfection of the hatching egg. It will help to increase the hatching and survival of the younger generation of farming. Keywords: eggshell, disinfection, eruption, aerosol, egg, incubation, Monclavit-1 Şahmar Məmməd oğlu Məmmədov Mahir Həmzə oğlu Hacıyev İnkubasiya yumurtasının dezinfeksiya texnologiyasında innovativ inkişafı Xülasə Məqalədə, toyuq yumurtalarının inkubasiyadan əvvəl Monklavit-1 preparatı ilə edilən dezinfeksiyanın inkubasiya keyfiyyətinə, cücə çıxımına və cücələrin yaşama qabiliyyətinə təsirinin öyrənilməsindən bəhs edilir. İnkubasiya yumurtalarının Monklavit-1 preparatı ilə dezinfeksiyası yumurtaların keyfiyyətinə, inkubasiya prosesinə, həmçinin rüşeymin inkişafına mənfi təsir göstərmir. Yumurtaların inkubasiyasında bakterisid tərkibli Monklavit-1 preparatı uzunmüddətli antiseptik təsirə malikdir. Belə ki, təcrübə qrupuna nisbətən, qan həlqəli yumurtalar kontrol qrupda 1,2%, inkişafını dayandırmış embrionlar 1,4%, boğulanlar isə 2,0% çoxdur. Monklavit-1 preparatı cücə çıxımının daha yüksək (84,4%) alınmasına kömək etdi. Təklif olunan dezinfektant cücələrin postembrional inkişafına uzunmüddətli stimullaşdırıcı təsir göstərir. Quşçuluq sənayesində yumurta səthindəki mikrob birləşmələrinin səviyyəsinin aşağı salınması üçün inkubasiya və çıxım şkaflarının daxili səthlərinin, inkubatoriyanın hava mühitinin və inkubasiya yumurtalarının dezinfeksiyasında Monklavit-1 preparatından istifadə edilməsini təklif edirik. Bu, kənd təsərrüfatı quşlarında cücələrin çıxma qabiliyyətinin və salamat saxlanılmasının yüksədilməsinə kömək edir. Açar sözlər: yumurta qabığı, dezinfeksiya, püskürmə, aerozol, yumurta, inkubasiya, Monklavit-1

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French, N. A. "Modeling incubation temperature: the effects of incubator design, embryonic development, and egg size." Poultry Science 76, no. 1 (January 1997): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.1.124.

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ROPER, D. S. "Egg incubation and laying behaviour of the Incubator Bird Megapodius freycinet on Savo." Ibis 125, no. 3 (April 3, 2008): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1983.tb03127.x.

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20

Korsheva, I. A., and I. V. Trotsenko. "The influence of incubator design features on the incubation result." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 954, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/954/1/012039.

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Abstract This article shows the results of chicken eggs incubation by IUP-F-45 and BioStreamer 165HD. There were two different types of machines during two-lots of eggs incubation. The BioStreamer 165HD is equipped with such feature as flexible incubation environment tuning according to its technology of embryo feedback. The sensors control the temperature inside machine by using the temperature of egg shells. Also there are sensors which can monitor the humidity level by controlling and predicting the humidity loss of each egg lot and using the narrow-hatching window technology. The incubators are managed by controller and connected to one computer network. The eggs are set to cellular structure incubation tray. The pulsators are equipped with five wide blades to ensure the required air flow rate. In addition, the roof vents have been improved. The power of the heating elements has been increased, which provides a quick heating time for all eggs at the beginning of the incubation cycle. The larger diameter of the cooling coil creates a wider overall cooling surface. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of the BioStreamer incubator made it possible to increase the hatchability of eggs, to carry out the simultaneous hatching of young brood, reducing the hatching by 5.5 hours, to increase the yield of conditioned young chickens by 0.9% and its quality, to obtain a greater amount of meat products from broilers: the average weight of chickens increased by 2.7 per cent, the safety of brood - by 3.6 per cent.

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Yadav, Bharosh Kumar, Nischal Pokhrel, Dinesh Khatiwada, Madan Khanal, Triratna Bajracharya, and Rabin Dhakal. "Design, Fabrication, and Performance Analysis of an Automatic Horizontal Egg Incubator." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 16, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v16i1.36557.

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This research paper presents the design, construction, and performance testing of an automatic electrically powered egg incubator utilizing the horizontal placement of eggs. This experimental research was driven by the specific design and construction of a well-insulated rectangular egg-incubating box of dimension 400 mm × 600 mm × 500 mm and thickness 30 mm, where sample eggs were kept for experimental test analysis under the favorable temperature and humidity inside the box, which was automatically controlled. The device was made to operate under the temperature range of 37°C – 38°C, which was found to be adequate for developing embryos and also maintaining relative humidity at the range of 45–60% for the first 18 days and 60–90% for the last three days. Finally, in this machine, the egg tray was adjusted horizontally, and a motor clamped mechanism was used 5 times a day which was controlled automatically by a micro-controller for the motion of eggs up to 18 days of incubation. In conclusion, this egg-incubating machine has an efficiency and hatchability of 72.22%.

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Brua, Robert B. "Impact of Embryonic Vocalizations On the Incubation Behaviour of Eared Grebes." Behaviour 133, no. 3-4 (1996): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853996x00080.

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AbstractTwo experiments were performed during the summers of 1991 and 1992 to determine whether embryonic vocalizations cause changes in the behaviour of adult eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) during late incubation. In Experiment 1, a vocalizing egg was substituted in 14 nests, two days before the first egg in that nest was to begin vocalizing. Parents reduced the amount of rising and resettling and the time spent off the nest while incubating and increased the frequency of egg turning, nest building, and percent of time the 'off-duty' parent spent near the nest. Only nest builds per h in the pre-peep period differed between the sexes in Experiment 1. For Experiment 2, the incubation period was extended by two days. At that time a vocalizing egg was substituted in 15 nests. Males reduced the amount of rising and resettling, whereas there was no difference between periods for females. Males and females reduced the amount of time spent off the nest while incubating. Egg turns per h, nest builds per h, and the percent time the off-duty parent spent near the nest increased for both sexes. No differences between males and females were detected except for egg turns per h during the peeping egg stage of Experiment 2. Parents also brought food to the nest in response to embryonic vocalizations. The behavioural changes by eared grebes during late incubation appear to be due to embryonic vocalizations. Several changes in behaviour are consistent with the care-soliciting hypothesis, such as reduction in exposure time of the embryo and possibly shortening of the incubation time of the embryo by an increased egg turning rate. Presenting food at the nest and possible acceptance of the young are further adaptive features of embryonic vocalizations.

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23

Martin, John M., Kris French, and Richard E. Major. "The pest status of Australian white ibis (Threskiornis molucca) in urban situations and the effectiveness of egg-oil in reproductive control." Wildlife Research 34, no. 4 (2007): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07005.

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The Australian white ibis (Threskiornis molucca) is considered to be an urban pest along the east coast of Australia. The non-specific diet and broad habitat requirements of ibis have facilitated their successful exploitation of the urban environment. Ibis are considered a pest because they pose a threat to aircraft safety, scavenge food at waste-management sites, cafés and parks, and compete with other native species for food and habitat. This study assesses a new ibis-management technique, the application of ‘egg-oil’ to suppress hatching. On other species, egg-oiling has been shown to be environmentally safe and socially preferable to culling adult birds. Approximately 5 mL of food-grade canola oil was sprayed upon each egg, and both incubator and field trials were used to investigate the efficacy of this technique on ibis and to determine the optimal application time and frequency of egg-oil. Treatment eggs were given an application of oil during the 23-day incubation period either once per week, or once early (<7 days), mid (~14 days) or late (>18 days) incubation. All four treatments were observed to be 100% effective at preventing ibis eggs from hatching during the laboratory trial and more than 98% effective during the field trial. These results indicate that applying canola oil to ibis eggs once, at any time, during the 23-day incubation period is sufficient to prevent ibis eggs from hatching. The field trial also showed that 30% of ibis, across the four oiling treatments, continued to incubate the unviable eggs for up to 54 days longer than the normal incubation period. Given that ibis are multibrooded, raising up to three successful clutches in a breeding season, the increased time devoted to incubating oil-treated eggs could reduce the opportunity for multiple broods, compared with conventional egg destruction. The egg-oil technique offers an additional tool for land managers to conduct ibis reproduction control, which should reduce the amount of time required to conduct ibis management, consequently reducing the cost to land managers.

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Boleli, IC, VS Morita, JB Matos Jr, M. Thimotheo, and VR Almeida. "Poultry Egg Incubation: Integrating and Optimizing Production Efficiency." Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 18, spe2 (December 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2016-0292.

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Valenzuela, N. "Egg Incubation and Collection of Painted Turtle Embryos." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2009, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): pdb.prot5238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot5238.

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Poxton, M. G., and K. R. Murray. "A new design for salmon egg incubation jars." Aquacultural Engineering 6, no. 2 (January 1987): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(87)90012-4.

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Kumar Sarkar, Prodip. "Broodiness and Broody Hen Management During Egg Incubation." Reviews in Agricultural Science 10 (2022): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7831/ras.10.0_337.

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Bowers, E. K., A. White, A. Lang, L. Podgorski, C. F. Thompson, S. K. Sakaluk, W. B. Jaeckle, and R. G. Harper. "Eggshell porosity covaries with egg size among female House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon), but is unrelated to incubation onset and egg-laying order within clutches." Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, no. 6 (June 2015): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0279.

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In birds, the duration of egg incubation (the time from incubation onset to hatching) can affect multiple components of nest success, but what affects incubation duration? Previous studies suggest that incubation duration is affected by both parental behavior and components of the egg, which have yet to be determined. One egg component that may be related to incubation behavior and the time until hatching is eggshell porosity, which affects the exchange of metabolic gasses and water vapor across the shell and, thus, the speed of embryonic development and incubation duration. We tested whether eggshell porosity was associated with the timing of incubation onset by female House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon Vieillot, 1809), and whether porosity varied within clutches in a manner that might be associated with incubation periods and hatching patterns (i.e., synchronous vs. asynchronous hatching). Eggshell porosity was unrelated to the onset of maternal incubation and did not differ between early- and later-laid eggs within clutches, but differed significantly among females and covaried with egg size. We conclude that producing all eggshells of similar porosity within clutches, while adjusting incubation onset once most or all eggs are laid, provide facultative maternal control over variation in hatching patterns.

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Næsje, Tor F., and Bror Jonsson. "Impacted Stress: A Causal Agent of Reduced Whitefish (Coregonus Iavaretus) Egg Incubation Time." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-004.

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The purpose of these experiments was to investigate whether whitefish (Coregonus Iavaretus) eggs subjected to induced agitation had a shorter incubation period to hatching than undisturbed incubating eggs. Eyed eggs were divided into four main groups: two incubated at river temperatures and two incubated in heated water. River temperature was 2 °C at the beginning of the experiment and increased to more than 10 °C at hatching. Heated water temperatures varied between 6.5 and 8.5 °C. One sample with four replicates at each incubating water temperature was continuously agitated with flowing water, while two samples with four replicates each were incubated undisturbed. At both temperatures, eggs kept in motion by flowing water hatched at fewer degree-days (heated water: 380 ± 6.4, natural water: 417 ± 6.6) from fertilization to 50% hatching than those laying undisturbed (heated water: 513 ± 10.5, natural water: 470 ± 7.3). Eggs agitated during incubation hatched with greater synchrony than those incubated undisturbed. Larvae incubated at river temperatures were larger than those incubated in heated water. Our findings revealed that eggs can hatch at different incubation stages during the ontogeny when exposed to varying environmental stimuli.

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Marco, Adolfo, Carmen Díaz-Paniagua, and Judit Hidalgo-Vila. "Influence of egg aggregation and soil moisture on incubation of flexible-shelled lacertid lizard eggs." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-209.

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Many oviparous terrestrial species deposit flexible-shelled eggs into the soil. These eggs are sensitive to the hydration level of the nest environment. Among other factors, water exchange of eggs during incubation may be affected by the soil water potential. To evaluate whether egg aggregation influences embryonic development, we incubated flexible-shelled Schreiber's green lizard (Lacerta schreiberi) eggs under three levels of soil water potential (wet: –150 kPa; intermediate: –650 kPa; dry: –1150 kPa) and under two levels of aggregation (aggregated: in groups of six eggs with physical contact among them; isolated: groups of six eggs each 1 cm apart). The availability of water during egg incubation influenced egg mass and hatchling size. Eggs incubated in dry soils absorbed less water and produced smaller hatchlings. The selected levels of soil water potential did not influence incubation duration or hatching success. When soil was wet or dry, we did not find any effect of egg aggregation in embryonic development. However, when soil water potential was intermediate, aggregated eggs absorbed less water and their embryos hatched at smaller sizes compared with isolated eggs. Moreover, variability and range of egg water absorption and hatchling size were higher among aggregated eggs than among solitary ones when access to water was restricted. In these cases, eggs competed with different success for water, a limited resource in the nest environment.

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M. D. Silva, A. Van Brecht, V. Exadaktylos, J. M. Aerts, and D. Berckmans. "Acoustic Hatch Monitor for Egg Incubation: Detection of Internal Pipping in an Industrial Incubator." Transactions of the ASABE 53, no. 3 (2010): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.30067.

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Meijer, T., and I. Siemers. "Incubation Development and Asynchronous Hatching in Junglefowl." Behaviour 127, no. 3-4 (1993): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853993x00083.

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Abstract In gallinaceous birds and other nidifugous species, it is thought that effective incubation does not start before the last egg is laid, and young hatch synchronously (LACK, 1968). We investigated the egg-laying and nest-attendance pattern of the precocial nidifugous red Burmese Junglefowl Gallus gallus spadiceus, and its consequences for the asynchrony of embryo development and of hatching. Eggs were laid in sequences, followed by pause days. Egg-weight in these sequences decreased by 0.6 g/egg. When laying, females sat in the nest for 1-3 h/day, and attended the nest overnight on days on which the last eggs of a clutch were laid. At the moment the last egg was laid, first eggs were already attended for 40 h (range 16-84 h), which resulted in extreme developmental asynchrony at the end of laying (measured as the diameter of the area vasculosa). Last eggs of clutches decreased markedly in weight (by more than 1 g/egg) and had shorter incubation times than the heavier first eggs. Eggs hatched asynchronously over a period of 15 h (range 7-33 h) and in the order of laying. The development of incubation behaviour, asynchrony of embryo development and of hatching of the precocial nidifugous Junglefowl, corresponded to a high degree to what is known of altricial species.

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Hepp, Gary R. "Early Onset of Incubation by Wood Ducks." Condor 106, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.1.182.

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AbstractI examined onset of incubation in Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) and evaluated the hypotheses that early onset improves hatchability, reduces brood parasitism, and shortens incubation periods. Most (21 of 22) females began incubating at night, a median of 4 days before egg laying ended. Nocturnal incubation bouts began 18 min before sunset, ended 15 min before sunrise, lasted 732 min each night, and totaled 47.2 hr before egg-laying ended (means). Nocturnal incubation did not begin earlier in the egg-laying period as the breeding season progressed, as would be expected if it improved hatchability of first-laid eggs. Early onset of incubation did not reduce brood parasitism. Females ended nocturnal incubation 35 min before egg laying began, the number of nights of incubation was not related to the number of parasitic eggs laid, and most (83%) nests were parasitized. In support of the third hypothesis, egg-laying females spending more nights incubating had somewhat shorter incubation periods.Inicio Temprano del Período de Incubación por Parte de Aix sponsaResumen. Examiné el inicio del período de incubación en patos de la especie Aix sponsa y evalué las hipótesis de que el comienzo temprano mejora la probabilidad de eclosión, reduce el parasitismo de la nidada y acorta el período de incubación. La mayoría (21 de 22) de las hembras comenzaron a incubar durante la noche, 4 días (mediana) antes que la puesta de huevos terminara. En promedio, la incubación nocturna comenzó 18 min antes del anochecer, terminó 15 min antes del amanecer, duró 732 min cada noche y totalizó 47.2 hr antes que la puesta de huevos terminara. La incubación nocturna no comenzó más temprano durante el período de puesta de huevos a medida que la estación reproductiva avanzó, como se esperaría si ésta mejorase la probabilidad de eclosión de los primeros huevos puestos. El inicio temprano de la incubación no redujo el parasitismo de la nidada. Las hembras terminaron la incubación nocturna 35 min antes que la puesta de huevos comenzara, el número de noches de incubación no se relacionó con el número de huevos de aves parásitas puestos y la mayoría (83%) de los nidos fueron parasitados. En apoyo a la tercera hipótesis, encontramos que las hembras que pusieron huevos y que pasaron más noches incubando tuvieron períodos de incubación un poco más cortos.

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Kommey, Benjamin, Daniel Akudbilla, Godfred Doe, and Clifford Owusu Amponsah. "A low-cost smart egg-incubator." Sustainable Engineering and Innovation 4, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/sei.v4i1.id152.

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Poultry is one of the most consumed agricultural produce in Ghana. Because of this high demand, the problem necessitates efforts to maximize the yield of poultry production in the country. Relying on natural means of hatching eggs to increase poultry production is inefficient thus the need for technologies that will aid in maximizing the yield. Artificial means of solving this problem have brought about the invention of the incubator. Although this has helped in large-scale incubation, incubators in the market are very expensive which makes Ghanaian poultry farmers find it difficult to purchase. This project investigates the design and implementation of an affordable, automated incubator for local poultry farmers. It is aimed at designing a low-cost smart incubator to ensure the maintenance of the optimum environmental conditions necessary for hatching eggs. These conditions: Ventilation, Temperature, Relative Humidity, regular positioning, and eggs turnings are kept at their optimal values to efficiently increase the hatchability rate. Temperature and humidity sensors are used to read temperature and humidity values inside the incubator respectively. These values are sent to a microcontroller which then coordinates other parts of the incubator to execute automated tasks. A mobile application is integrated with the incubator for the communication of important information to the poultry farmer.

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Adewunmi, B. A. "Preliminary studies on A.C/D.C heat source cum kerosene lantern for egg incubation." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 31, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v31i1.1452.

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The study was initiated to determine the possibility of using a.c/d.c heat source to power table incubators for domestic and small scale production of chicks. A low cost electrical incubator with a capacity for 60 eggs was designed and used for the study. The incubator was provided with a kerosene lantern to supplement the a.c/d.c heat source during prolonged power failure, with the combustion products from the lantern prevented from having contact with eggs. The incubator was equally provided with a fan to assist air circulation. Three tests were conducted. The temperature and relative humidity in the incubator during the tests were found to be adequate and within the recommended limits. The actual percentage hatchability in the incubator was relatively low with a maximum record of 18.75%. it was found that the embryos in the fertilized but unhatched eggs actually developed but died in shell within the 18th and 21st day of incubation. It was also found that almost all the embryos that died were fully developed when the shells were broken after the incubation period. Preventing such occurrences would improve the hatchability result of the incubator. This could be achieved by improving the ventilation in the incubator and improving on the present design.

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Bagye, Wire, Abdul Hafiz Bahrain, and Juliyantika Ayudita .P. "Pengembangan Rangkaian Mesin Penetas Telur Unggas." Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 4, no. 2 (July 14, 2022): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/jjeee.v4i2.13555.

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To meet the demand for chicken meat in the NTB Province, the NTB Provincial Government has developed the concept of a large-scale and integrated poultry village called the Chicken Satellite program. The program facilitates poultry farmers and entrepreneurs with supporting facilities such as heating machines and egg incubators. Egg incubators held by the government apply manual settings so that every time they start hatching the user makes settings. In this study, an egg incubator was developed that can store the incubation indicator settings until it hatches into a hatching profile. the profile contains incubation mode, hatch mode, or incubation mode until hatching repeatedly. the user can go back to using those profile settings without resetting all the indicators required for eggs to hatch. By using ESP8266 as processing core. AHT10 as a sensor to measure temperature and humidity. The method used for this research is the Research and Development (RD) method. The test results show that all incubation and hatching indicators can be stored in a profile. saved profiles reach 100 different profiles.

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Okur, Nezih, Sabri Arda Eratalar, and Hasan Eleroğlu. "Effects of Egg Shell Temperature and Incubator Ventilation Programme on Incubation Results of Broiler Breeders." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 5 (May 15, 2018): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i5.536-542.1679.

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The impacts of egg weight (EW), egg shell temperature (EST), egg position in the incubator (EP) and incubator ventilation program (IVP) on embryonic mortality (EM) and hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) of broiler breeders were investigated in this study. EW was determined total 1920 hatching eggs which were obtained from middle aged (31 weeks) Ross 308 broiler breeders. These eggs were classified according to weight as heavy (65.52±0.08g), medium (61.47±0.04g) and light (57.56±0.08g) then were randomly set in trolleys of four identical incubators sorted as near the heather side – door side, humidifier side – opposite side and top – middle – bottom. In two incubators 37.78°C (100.0°F) EST and 38.06°C (100.5°F) EST were provided in the other two. Similarly, two machines were operated on classic IVP system and the other two were operated on new IVP system organised specially for this project during first 10 days of incubation. At the end of the hatching period, data including EM and HFE data were examined in eggs with different EST, EW and EP. It was found that EW and EST were affected to EM and HFE. Lower last stage + pipped but unhatched embryo rates and accordingly higher HFE were determined in eggs with 37.78°C (100.0°F) EST and light. However, differences between IVP and EP data were not significant.

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Bern, Lars. "Common Terns Sterna hirundo incubating a Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena egg." Ornis Svecica 30 (December 15, 2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v30.21610.

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During a study of Red-necked Grebes Podiceps grisegena in Lake Slagsmyren, Sweden, a pair of Common Terns Sterna hirundo were observed to have placed their two eggs on a deserted, floating nest of a Red-necked Grebe. Prior to this, the grebes had laid one egg of their own in the nest and this egg was included by the terns in their clutch and incubated by them. The species assignment of the odd egg was confirmed with DNA sequencing. A lack of natural nest sites for the terns to use at the lake could have caused this somewhat unusual choice of a nest site. I discuss possible explanations for adopting a foreign egg, including the adaptive behavioural response to roll an egg into the nest bowl to salvage lost eggs, the incubation stimulus that foreign eggs or egg-like objects potentially provide, and the limited egg discrimination abilities of Common Terns. The incubation of a foreign egg may reasonably be assumed to cost energy but to be of little benefit, if any, to the incubator.

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Sudakov, Aleksandr, Evgeniy Andrianov, and A. Andrianov. "Natural egg incubation of high-productive meat cross of chickens." Agrarian Bulletin of the 196, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-196-5-68-79.

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Abstract. The article presents study outcomes of the natural egg incubation of the high-productive meat cross Cobb 500 under brood hens of the Bantam breed, as well as indicators of the subsequent offspring growth. The purpose of research is to obtain data on the success of natural egg incubation and the subsequent offspring growth of meat cross-breeding of chickens to determine the practicability of studying the parameters of natural incubation with modern technical means, to identify the most important parameters of natural incubation and to develop new temperature conditions for artificial incubation. Method of research. The research was conducted in 2019 on the basis of the hatchery “Galichya Gora” of the FSBEI of Higher education “Voronezh State University”. The brood hens were kept in laboratory conditions in separate coops. Each of the 3 brood hens was laid with 4 eggs of the Cobb 500 cross from one batch. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the results of natural incubation and the indicators of subsequent offspring growth were studied for meat cross of chickens, to which natural incubation was not previously applied. Video monitoring of the incubation process has allowed to establish a significant motion activity of the brood hens during the incubation process. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the decrease in egg mass during the incubation period is 12.1 ± 0.20 %, the average weight of the chicken from the initial mass of the incubation egg is 71.2 ± 0.34 %. The offspring was evaluated at 9.8 points according to the Pasgar©Score system. On the 40th day, the live weight of broilers was 2471 ± 19.4 g. Based on the study, it was concluded that natural brooding provides high incubation rates and offspring quality of high-productive meat cross Cobb 500. The practicability of studying the parameters of natural incubation of meat cross eggs with modern technical means is established.

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Gwinner, Helga, Pablo Capilla-Lasheras, Caren Cooper, and Barbara Helm. "‘Green incubation': avian offspring benefit from aromatic nest herbs through improved parental incubation behaviour." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1880 (June 6, 2018): 20180376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0376.

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Development of avian embryos requires thermal energy, usually from parents. Parents may, however, trade off catering for embryonic requirements against their own need to forage through intermittent incubation. This dynamically adjusted behaviour can be affected by properties of the nest. Here, we experimentally show a novel mechanism by which parents, through incorporation of aromatic herbs into nests, effectively modify their incubation behaviour to the benefit of their offspring. Our study species, the European starling, includes in its nest aromatic herbs which promote offspring fitness. We provided wild starlings with artificial nests including or excluding the typically selected fresh herbs and found strong support for our prediction of facilitated incubation. Herb effects were not explained by thermal changes of the nests per se , but by modified parental behaviours. Egg temperatures and nest attendance were higher in herb than herbless nests, egg temperatures dropped less frequently below critical thresholds and parents started their active day earlier. These effects were dynamic over time and particularly strong during early incubation. Incubation period was shorter in herb nests, and nestlings were heavier one week after hatching. Aromatic herbs hence influenced incubation in beneficial ways for offspring, possibly through pharmacological effects on incubating parents.

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C, Stanly Felix, Vijayarangam J, and Sugumar T N. "Performance Analysis of an Innovative Duct-Based Automatic Forced Air Chicken Egg Incubator Using Predictive Analytics." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 7239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.7239ecst.

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The demand for the high-performance automatic chicken egg incubator models is high in the small-scale poultry farm sector. There are reasons to avoid conventional incubator models and in turn gives rise to innovative machines. It was identified that the percentage of hatching is average in the existing small-scale conventional incubators. This article is about performance analysis of an innovative duct-based automatic forced air chicken egg incubator using predictive analytics. It employs multiple regression, Chi-square test, and paired t test models and analyzes the performance of an innovative incubator in which we use an artificial hatching process of 40 to 50 fertile chicken eggs and its performance is compared with conventional model of hatching. The conventional artificial model and the innovative duct model were used for the complete analysis during the incubation period of 21 days. The hatching parameters, such as incubation temperature and relative humidity, were maintained throughout the hatching process. The major issue of any existing incubator models is the hatching rate. It is resolved using the innovative duct-based model whereas the optimum incubation temperature is received by all the eggs present inside the incubator for 21 days. Automation is performed using embedded system for monitoring and control. The mathematical analysis on the hatching percentage of the two models based on the distance of the eggs placed from the heat source inside the incubator offers better results that the duct-based model is efficient in hatching healthy day-old chicks.

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Rosa, P. Santa, H. M. Parker, A. S. Kiess, and C. D. McDaniel. "Egg Storage and Incubation Temperatures Alter Parthenogenetic Development in Chinese Painted Quail Eggs." International Journal of Poultry Science 14, no. 5 (April 15, 2015): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2015.300.304.

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Jakubas, D., and K. Wojczulanis-Jakubas. "Consequences of experimental clutch enlargement in a High Arctic single-egg layer, the Little Auk (Alle alle)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 8 (August 2014): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0027.

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Initial reproductive investments in birds are energy-demanding. Amount of energy allocated to egg production and incubation may have an important role in determining parental fitness and evolution of clutch size. Here, we investigated whether the Little Auk (Alle alle (L., 1758)), a small alcid with one-egg clutch but two brood patches (probably remnant of the original two-egg clutch), is capable of incubating two eggs and rearing two chicks. We performed an experiment with removing the egg from 20 nests and transferring it to 20 experimental nests (EN). In 25% of EN, both eggs failed to hatch; in 75% of EN, only one egg hatched successfully. Hatching success in EN was 2.5 times lower than in control nests (CN). In EN, chicks hatched only from eggs warmed during >90% of inspections. Owing to the prolonged incubation, the chicks in EN hatched 2 days later than in CN. However, due to the shorter period spent in the nest in EN, fledging dates in both types of nests were similar. The similar body mass and survival of chicks from EN and CN suggest that these traits were influenced mainly by the rearing conditions. Our study emphasize the importance of the incubation phase as a constraint on clutch size.

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Ancel, A., J. Armand, and H. Girard. "Optimum incubation conditions of the domestic guinea fowl egg." British Poultry Science 35, no. 2 (May 1994): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071669408417687.

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Sutherland, Jenny L., Bruce A. Manny, Gregory Kennedy, Edward F. Roseman, Jeffrey Allen, and M. Glen Black. "A Portable Freshwater Closed-System Fish Egg Incubation System." North American Journal of Aquaculture 76, no. 4 (September 9, 2014): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15222055.2014.933751.

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Paras, F. O. "Development of a solar heat assisted egg incubation system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 475 (May 7, 2020): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/475/1/012014.

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Wang, Jiapei, and Jianping Wu. "Proteomic analysis of fertilized egg white during early incubation." EuPA Open Proteomics 2 (March 2014): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euprot.2013.11.001.

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Crane, Derek P., and John M. Farrell. "Muskellunge egg incubation habitat in the upper Niagara River." Journal of Great Lakes Research 41, no. 2 (June 2015): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.019.

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Poussart, Catherine, Jacques Larochelle, and Gilles Gauthier. "The Thermal Regime of Eggs During Laying and Incubation in Greater Snow Geese." Condor 102, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.292.

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AbstractDummy eggs were added to naturally incubated clutches of Greater Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica), an arctic-nesting species, in order to evaluate egg temperature during laying and incubation, and factors influencing egg cooling rate during female recesses. As laying progressed, both nest attentiveness by females and egg temperature progressively increased. Although the time spent at nest after laying the penultimate egg was relatively high (69% vs. 91% during incubation), mean egg temperature was still 5.7°C lower than during the early incubation period. This suggests that little embryonic development began before clutch completion. Thereafter, egg temperature averaged 37.1 ± 0.1°C during periods where females were present, a value that decreased only slightly when incubation recesses are included (36.8°C). This is a high temperature in comparison to other arctic-nesting geese. A modest increase (1.7°C) in mean egg temperature was observed as incubation progressed, but egg temperature was not influenced by clutch size or by the laying date of the first egg. During recesses lasting 24.7 ± 1.3 min on average, egg temperature dropped by 2.8 ± 0.3°C, at an instantaneous rate of 0.23 ± 0.02°C hr−1 °C−1. Cooling rates increased under windy conditions and decreased with high solar radiation, but were little affected by air temperature.

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Sekyere, Charles K. K., Prince Y. Andoh, Kofi O. Amoabeng, and Dennis E. K. Dzebre. "Performance assessment of a solar powered egg incubator with a backup heater." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 15, no. 2 (August 29, 2022): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v15i2.828.

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This study presents the performance of a novel solar-powered incubator which uses water as thermal mass. Energy absorbed by the water is transferred to the incubator chamber by a fan powered with a 12 V battery. To enable adequate control of chamber temperature and humidity, a ProNem Mini sensor and controller (ESM-3723) were incorporated into the design. The thermal mass was sized adequately to supply energy for night operations as well as periods of inclement weather. The incubator was tested with and without load. Field measurements were obtained using UT330A USB datalogger. Tests under no load conditions gave an average temperature range of 36 to 42.9°C and relative humidity of 53 % to 70.5 %. Incubation tests showed average chamber temperature and relative humidity ranges of 35 ℃ to 41 ℃ and 45 % to 61 %. Candling test gave percentage fertility and hatchability of 60% and 56%. A cost-benefit analysis gave a capital cost of 617.32 USD, incubation cost of 69 cents per chick and simple payback period of 15 months. The performance indices obtained make the proposed design a suitable architecture to build upon in order to accelerate the promotion of livelihood empowerment through poultry farming in Ghana.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Egg incubation'

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