Academic literature on the topic 'Eggshells Quality'
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Journal articles on the topic "Eggshells Quality"
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Radwan, Lamiaa M. "Eggshell quality: a comparison between Fayoumi, Gimieizah and Brown Hy-Line strains for mechanical properties and ultrastructure of their eggshells." Animal Production Science 56, no. 5 (2016): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14755.
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This experiment was designed to study the relationship between mechanical properties and ultrastructure of three genetic groups (Fayoumi, Gimieizah and Brown Hy-Line strains). To assess eggshell mechanical parameters a total of 120 eggs from each strain was used. This study suggested predicting the mechanical properties and ultrastructure of eggshells when egg weight was equal for the three strains (39.8 g). There was a significant difference among strains for shell thickness, eggshell breaking strength and stiffness, with the Fayoumi eggshells recording the highest values compared with other strains. The palisade layer of Gimieizah and Brown Hy-Line eggshells was thinner than that of Fayoumi eggshells. There were significant correlations between palisade length and breaking strength (0.51), shell thickness (0.89) and stiffness (0.48); however, the length of the palisade layer was significantly negatively correlated with elasticity (–0.85). The Fayoumi (local Egyptian strain) showed higher resistance for eggshell breakage than the Hy-Line commercial strain due to their longer palisade layer noting that there were no significant differences in egg weight between the two. The length of the palisade layer plays an important role in eggshell strength, so it is of interest to include these parameters in selection programs aimed to improve eggshell strength. However, a negative correlation between length of palisade layer and elasticity prevented improvement of these two parameters.
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Ketta, Mohamed, Eva Tůmová, Michaela Englmaierová, and Darina Chodová. "Combined Effect of Genotype, Housing System, and Calcium on Performance and Eggshell Quality of Laying Hens." Animals 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112120.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate hen performance and eggshell quality response to genotype, housing system, and feed calcium (Ca) level. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted on 360 laying hens of ISA Brown, Bovans Brown (commercial hybrids), and Moravia BSL (traditional Czech hybrid). Laying hens were kept in enriched cages and on littered floor and fed similar feed mixtures with different Ca content (3.00% vs. 3.50%). In terms of hen performance, ISA Brown had the highest egg production (84.2%) compared to Moravia BSL (74.3%) and Bovans Brown (71.4%). Regarding eggshell quality, Bovans Brown showed the highest values of all eggshell quality parameters. Increasing feed Ca level augmented egg production (p ≤ 0.001) but had no effect on other performance parameters. Except eggshell thickness, all eggshell quality parameters were affected by the three-way interaction of genotype, housing, and Ca. Bovans Brown, which had the strongest eggshells (5089 g/cm2) when housed on a littered floor system and fed 3.00% Ca, while Moravia BSL housed on a littered floor had the weakest eggshells (4236 g/cm2) at 3.50% Ca. The study pointed out the importance of the interactions between studied factors on performance and eggshell quality compared to an individual factor effect.
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Lichovníková, M., and L. Zeman. "Effect of housing system on the calcium requirement of laying hens and on eggshell quality." Czech Journal of Animal Science 53, No. 4 (April 4, 2008): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/375-cjas.
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The effects of housing systems on the calcium requirement for eggshell production, eggshell quality and on the breaking strength of the hen’s tibia were evaluated. Unenriched cages (UN) (24 laying hens), enriched cages (EN) (16 laying hens) and floor system (FS) (24 laying hens) were used in this experiment. The eggshell production of laying hens from 19 to 66 weeks of age was higher (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in the cage systems (UN 39.6 g/hen/week and EN 39.2 g/hen/week) than it was in FS (35.0 g/hen/week). Consequently, the amount of calcium deposited in the eggshells (g/hen/week) was higher (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in the cage systems (14.2 and 14.0 g/hen/week) than in FS (12.6 g/hen/week). Despite of the same calcium intake of the hens housed in EN and FS the eggshell thickness (0.39 and 0.38 mm, respectively) and eggshell strength (38.04 and 36.43 N respect.) were higher (<I>P</I> < 0.01 and <I>P</I> < 0.001 respectively) in EN. The tibia breaking strength was higher (<I>P</I> < 0.05) in FS (156.6 N) in comparison with UN (92.7 N). The rate of calcium intake deposited in the eggshells was higher in the cage systems than in FS, namely by 1.7 to 8.9% depending on the age of laying hens. When determining the correct calcium requirements in the diets of laying hens, the housing system should be taken into account.
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Oviasogie, Efosa F., Blessing I. Ogboghodo, A. Beshiru, Osahon B. Omoregie, Providence Ogofure, and Goodness A. Ogofure. "The microbial burden load of eggshells from different poultry rearing systems in Ekosodin Village, Edo State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.1.
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Eggs are valuable source of food used throughout the world to feed the ever growing world population. Majority of freshly laid eggs are sterile, however, the shells soon become contaminated with litter droppings and dust present in the environment. In this study, the microbial load of egg shell from different poultry system in Ekosodin, Edo State was evaluated. The results obtained from the study revealed that eggshell samples from different poultry rearing systems (battery cage, deep litter and free-range chicken eggs) were contaminated with bacterial and fungal species of public health concern. Microbial species isolated from eggshells were Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Bacillus cereus, Enteroccocus faecalis and Proteus mirabillis for the bacterial isolates while the fungi isolates include Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. The bacterial and fungal load of free-range chicken eggshell ranged from 9. 7 ± 0.7 x 104 to 1. 27 ± 0.2 x 105 and 7. 0 ± 0.5 x 103 to 2. 2 ± 0.5 x 104 cfu/g respectively. Bacterial and fungal counts were 3. 3 ± 0.8 x 104 to 7. 4 ± 0.5 x 104 and 1. 1 ± 0.1 x 104 to 1. 6 ± 0.4 x 104 cfu/g for battery cage eggshells and 6. 8 ± 0.9 x 104 to 1. 38 ± 0.5 x 105 and 2.0 ± 0.3 x 104 to 3. 7 ± 0.5 x 104 cfu/g for deep litter eggshells respectively. Statistically, the mean fungi count of deep litter egg shells samples differed significantly (P<0.05) from the mean fungal count of battery cage and free-range chicken eggshells. Also, the mean bacterial count of battery cage egg shells differed significantly from deep litter and free-range chicken eggshells (P<0.05). The presence of these microorganisms on eggshell might constitute a serious risk to consumers. Proper education to enlighten retailers and consumers by the government on microbial quality of table eggs is important. Proper sanitation and battery cage system of rearing eggs should be encouraged.Keywords: Deep litter system, battery cage system, eggshell microbial load, microbial quality of table eggs
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Umbraško, Inta, Aleksandrs Petjukevičs, Anna Batjuka, and Nadežda Harlamova. "EVALUATION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE CONTENT IN EGGSHELLS OF AVIAN, TURTLE, SNAIL, AND OSTRICH USING CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2021): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol1.6652.
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In the present study, different eggs were collected and analyzed from five various animal species: European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758)), giant African land snail (Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822)), common ostrich (Struthio camelus (Linnaeus, 1758)), white, light-brown, and dark-brown laying hen (Gallus gallus domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) and European quail (Coturnix coturnix (Linnaeus, 1758). The typical mineral shell mainly composed of the calcite polymorph of CaCO3 but the eggshell consists of membranes, that composed mainly of proteins. The shell quality also could be assigned by several external and internal factors such as oviposition time, animal genotype and age, housing system (for poultry), and mineral nutrition complex. The CaCO3 content was determined by the standard titration method, coz the titration could provide a reliable method for evaluation of CaCO3 content in different types of eggshells. The structural surface characterization of eggshells was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a field emission gun. In terms of chemical composition, ostrich eggshells generally did not differ much from those of laying hen, turtles, giant snails, or quail eggs, but the concentration of calcium carbonate was the highest. The average calcium carbonate content of various eggshells is between 84 and 98%. The thickness of the eggshell ranges from 0.08 to 1.89 mm, and it is not the same over the entire surface of the egg. At the sharp end of the egg, the shell is slightly thicker than at the blunt end. The purpose of this study was to study the quantitative content of calcium carbonate in various eggshells of different animals to draw further conclusions in which animals the eggshell contains the maximum amount of biological calcium carbonate.
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Tomczyk, Łukasz, Łukasz Stępień, Monika Urbaniak, Tomasz Szablewski, Renata Cegielska-Radziejewska, and Kinga Stuper-Szablewska. "Characterisation of the Mycobiota on the Shell Surface of Table Eggs Acquired from Different Egg-Laying Hen Breeding Systems." Toxins 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10070293.
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Microbial safety is an important factor contributing to the egg quality. During egg acquisition, there is significant risk of contamination of the eggshell surface with microscopic fungi. Mycelial hyphae may grow on the eggshell surface and penetrate into the egg content. However, there is no information on the populations of microscopic fungi on the eggshell surface and, consequently, on possible production of mycotoxins. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the species of microscopic fungi present on the eggshell surface acquired from different breeding systems and to measure the number of selected mycotoxins. The qualitative analysis resulted in the identification of 41 isolates on the surface of eggs. There were 7 isolates from the organic production system, 11 from the free-range production system, 14 from the deep litter indoor housing system and 9 from the cage farming production system. The research proved that the diversification in the population of mycobiota on the eggshells depended on the egg-laying hen breeding system. The microscopic fungi isolated from the eggshells included toxigenic and pathogenic species such as Fusarium culmorum and F. equiseti. As the egg storage time increased, fungi, including the pathogenic species, penetrated through the eggshells. In consequence, mycotoxins were identified in the egg whites. Type-A and type-B trichothecenes were found in the eggshell samples containing F. culmorum.
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Sanuriza, Irna Il, and Dwi Kartika Risfianty. "Limbah Cangkang Telur Ayam Ras (Gallus Domesticus) Sebagai Bahan Pupuk Untuk Memperbaiki Sifat Kimia Tanah." Hydrogen: Jurnal Kependidikan Kimia 8, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/hjkk.v8i2.2928.
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Degradation of soil quality caused by the use of chemical fertilizers is a serious problem in agriculture. The use of environmentally friendly fertilizers is an important step to increase soil quality. One of them is by utilizing chicken eggshell waste as organic fertilizer. This study aims to utilize chicken eggshells with the right dose to improve soil quality. This research is a quantitative study using a completely randomized design. The results showed that the eggshell waste had the potential as an organic fertilizer to improve soil chemistry. Application of 6.25 gram egg shell/planting-hole can increase soil pH, C-Organic and N-total levels.
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Hu, Xiaoqing, Xiaoying Sun, Shuanghua Luo, Shuyan Wu, Zhaojuan Chu, Xiujuan Zhang, Zhaojun Liu, et al. "Inactivation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis on Chicken Eggshells Using Blue Light." Agriculture 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080762.
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Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a pathogen that poses a health risk. Blue light (BL), an emerging sanitization technology, was employed for the first time in the present study to inactivate S. Enteritidis on eggshell surfaces and its influence on maintaining eggshell freshness was investigated systematically. The results showed that 415 nm-BL irradiation at a dose of 360 J/cm2 reduced 5.19 log CFU/mL of S. Enteritidis in vitro. The test on eggshells inoculated with S. Enteritidis showed that a BL dose at 54.6 J/cm2 caused a 3.73 log CFU reduction per eggshell surface and the impact of BL inactivation could be sustained in post-5-week storage. The quality of the tested eggs (weight loss, yolk index, Haugh unit (HU) and albumen pH) demonstrated that BL treatments had negligible effects on the albumen pH of eggs. However, compared to the control, BL-treated eggs showed lower weight loss and higher HU after 5 weeks of storage at 25 °C and 65% humidity and yolk index in the control group could not be determined after 5 weeks of storage. Besides, the total amino acid content of the BL-treated egg was higher than the control, exhibiting an advantage of BL irradiation in maintaining the nutrient quality of whole eggs. The current study determined the efficacy of BL against S. Enteritidis on eggshell and suggested that BL could be an effective application in maintaining the freshness and quality of eggs.
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Castro, Luciene da Silva, Audrei Giménez Barañano, Christiano Jorge Gomes Pinheiro, Luciano Menini, and Patrícia Fontes Pinheiro. "Biodiesel production from cotton oil using heterogeneous CaO catalysts from eggshells prepared at different calcination temperatures." Green Processing and Synthesis 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2018-0076.
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Abstract Biodiesel is a fuel from vegetable oil or animal fat, and is a promising substitute for petroleum-derived diesel. Transesterification is the most widely used method in biodiesel production. Eggshell is rich in calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and when it is subjected to heat treatment it results in calcium oxide (CaO). CaO from eggshells was prepared at different calcination temperatures, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained CaO was used as a catalyst. All catalysts showed good stability and excellent morphology for biodiesel synthesis. Catalytic activity was evaluated by the methyl transesterification reaction of cotton oil for 3 h, 9:1 methanol:oil molar ratio, 3 wt% (catalyst/oil weight ratio) catalyst and 60°C. Biodiesels showed an ester content of 97.83%, 97.23% and 98.08%, obtained from calcined eggshell at 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C, respectively. Biodiesel quality was affected by the acidity of the cation exchange resin. The kinematic viscosity of biodiesel was in accordance with specification, except for the biodiesel obtained from the calcined catalyst at 1000°C. The CaO from eggshells obtained at different calcination temperatures is promising for biodiesel synthesis.
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Clímaco, Winnie Luiza dos Santos, Érica de Faria Melo, Diego Pereira Vaz, Mariana Masseo Saldanha, Maria Fernanda Vieira da Silva Pinto, Letícia Carolina Cleto Fernandes, Nelson Carneiro Baião, et al. "Eggshell microbiology and quality of hatching eggs subjected to different sanitizing procedures." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 10 (October 2018): 1177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018001000011.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different disinfection procedures as alternatives to formaldehyde fumigation on eggshell microbial load and quality of eggs from a 42-week-old Cobb commercial breeder flock. A total of 10,080 clean eggs collected from the nests were randomly distributed in a randomized complete block design, among the following treatment groups: 13.33 g m-3 formaldehyde fumigation, 5-10 ppm ozone fumigation, 6.36 mW cm-2 UV-C light irradiation, spraying with 1.56% hydrogen peroxide, spraying with 0.13% peracetic acid, spraying with water (wet control), and no disinfection procedure (dry control). Per treatment, eight samples of four eggs each were collected before and after the disinfection procedure, in order to count the number of Enterobacteriaceae and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria on the eggshell. Only eggs subjected to the formaldehyde and UV treatments showed a significant reduction in total aerobic mesophilic bacterial count on the eggshell, when compared with those of the dry control group. Treatments did not affect eggshell thickness and resistance force. UV light exposure is effective in reducing microbial load on 42-week-old breeder flock eggshells, without affecting their quality, and can be considered an alternative to formaldehyde disinfection.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eggshells Quality"
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Saki, Ali Asghar. "Effects of dietary calcium, phytoestrogen rich diets and estrogen on intestinal calcium transport proteins, egg and eggshell quality in maturing layer hens." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ANP/09anps158.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Animal Science, 1998.<br>Corrigenda inserted behind title page. Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-210).
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Darnell-Middleton, Sally Louise. "The relationship between eggshell quality and bone biology in the laying hen." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30935/.
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(1). In this thesis the relationship between eggshell quality and bone biology was examined over the laying life of two strains of hen; a highly selected commercial line and the relatively unselected J.Line. (2). The efficiency of using osteocalcin as a marker of osteoid formation, in collaboration with established markers of bone mineralisation and bone resorption, during eggshell calcification was ratified. (3). It was established that magnesium is actively removed from bone hydroxyapatite during resorption and transported to the shell gland pouch for incorporation into the palisade layer of the eggshell. (4). A relationship was demonstrated between hatched eggshell quality and the bone biology of newly hatched chicks. (5). The association between high egg output and poor bone structure was evident in the commercial laying strain hen. No such deficit in skeletal quality occurred in the relatively unselected J.Line. (6). The commercial line demonstrated a significantly higher rate of bone remodelling at late lay concomitant with osteoporosis. (7). The unselected J.Line demonstrated significantly higher rates of bone remodelling throughout lay. It was hypothesised that this was due to a greater propensity for bone upkeep during the inter-egg interval. (8). The provision of a prelay diet influenced neither bone volume nor mineral composition at the beginning of lay. (9). The feeding of a prelay diet led to a longer period of sustained high production and an earlier increase in egg weight. This was accompanied by a delay in the increase in osteoid formation and decreased levels of blood ionised calcium. This led to high "on farm" seconds at late lay due to abnormally high fracture toughness and the Incidence of type B's within the mammillary layer. (10). The reason for the observed decrease in hatchability associated with poorly pigmented eggshells in a commercial guinea fowl flock was related to premature expulsion of the egg. These thinner shelled eggs may have resulted from the process of artificial insemination.
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Chowdhury, Shankar R. "Effects of dietary 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) on eggshell quality and performance of laying hens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61883.pdf.
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Nolan, Lauren Wood. "EVALUATION OF CURRENT AND EMERGING TECHNIQUES FOR MEASURING EGGSHELL INTEGRITY OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/108.
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This dissertation is an investigation into the effect of different zinc sources and levels on eggshell quality and microstructure, as well as keel bone damage. Eggshell function is two-fold; eggshells function to protect the developing embryo, as well as act as a barrier against bacterial penetration, optimizing food safety of the egg for human consumption (Mabe et. Al., 2003). Two small trials were conducted in order to determine differences in eggshell microstructure of eggs produced from hens at peak lay (26 weeks of age) and at the end of lay (88 weeks of age). Two groups of hens were fed a calcium sufficient or a calcium deficient diet. From this it was determined that eggs with higher breaking strengths had some differences in eggshell microstructure. Eggs with greater breaking strengths had a greater density of ‘normal’ structures, compared to ‘abnormal’ structures. Additionally, eggs requiring a greater breaking force, had a thicker micro-structure, compared to shells requiring less breaking force. With this knowledge on microstructure, a larger, 36-week study was conducted using different zinc sources. Every four weeks, eggs were collected and standard egg quality measurements were taken and keel bones were scored. At the end of the study, keel bones were collected from randomly selected hens representing each treatment. Picture of these keel bones were taken and measurements were taken to determine type and degree of deformation, in comparison to scores taken on the live bird. Pens selected for keel bone analysis, were the same pens that eggs were taken for imaging by the scanning electron microscope, to determine eggshell microstructure. From this data, it was determined that egg quality differences were detected, as well as differences in eggshell microstructure. Additionally, keel bone scores progressively worsened throughout the 36-week long study, with type and degree of deformation differing depending on zinc source.
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Chowdhury, Sachchidananda Das. "Effects of feeding osteolathyrogens to laying fowls (Gallus domesticus) with particular reference to eggshell and membrane quality." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340864.
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Vilela, Daniela Reis. "Qualidade interna e externa de ovos de poedeiras comerciais com casca normal e vítrea." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13046.
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The objective was to evaluate the internal and external quality of hens
eggs, classified in eggs with normal eggshell and eggs with vitreous eggshell, produced
by hens in three different ages. Forty-five eggs of each eggshell type, normal and
vitreous, were sampled at age of 30, 50 and 70 weeks. After the execution of physical
and chemical analysis, it was observed that specific gravity, for both eggs with normal
eggshell and eggs with vitreous eggshell, had a decrease with the advancing age of the
hen. The weight of the egg, in both types of eggshell increased with the advancing age
of the hen. Higher concentration of calcium was found on eggs with normal eggshell
comparing to eggs with vitreous eggshell. The phosphorus percentage wasn t affected
by the eggshell type. The mineral deposition of the eggshell was constant, the thickness
of the eggshell in both eggshell types increased throughout the reproductive life of the
hen and decreased when the hen got older. The albumen weight increased, showing its
relation with the egg size. The percentage of albumen moisture with the advancing age
of the hen didn t show any relation with the egg weight. Protein concentration and pH of
the albumen decreased along with hen ages. The weight of egg yolk, the moisture
percentage and the yolk pH decreased with the advancing age of the hen. Crude protein
and ether extract increased with the advancing age of the hen. Eggs with vitreous
eggshell showed eggshell with lower quality compared to those with normal eggshell,
without, however, compromise the internal quality of albumen and yolk.<br>Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade interna e externa de ovos de galinhas de
postura classificados em ovos de casca normal e ovos de casca vítrea, produzidos por
galinhas em três idades diferentes. Foram amostrados 45 ovos de cada tipo de casca,
normal e vítrea, nas idades de 30, 50 e 70 semanas. Após a realização de análises
físicas e bromatológicas observou-se que a gravidade específica, tanto para ovos de
casca normal quanto para ovos de casca vítrea, diminuiu com o aumento da idade da
ave. O peso do ovo em ambos os tipos de casca aumentou com o avanço da idade da
galinha. Maior concentração de cálcio foi encontrada nos ovos de casca normal em
relação aos de casca vítrea, o teor de fósforo não foi influenciado pelo tipo de casca. A
deposição mineral da casca foi constante. A espessura da casca em ambos os tipos de
casca aumentou ao longo da vida reprodutiva da galinha e diminuiu quando a ave se
tornou mais velha. O percentual de albúmen aumentou, mostrando relação com o
tamanho do ovo. A percentagem da umidade do albúmen com o avanço da idade da
galinha não mostrou relação com o peso do ovo. A percentagem de proteína e o pH do
albúmen diminuíram ao longo das idades. A percentagem da gema, a percentagem de
umidade e o pH da gema diminuíram com o aumento da idade da galinha. Proteína
bruta e extrato etéreo aumentaram com o aumento da idade da galinha. Os ovos de
casca vítrea apresentaram casca de qualidade inferior aqueles de casca normal sem,
contudo haver um comprometimento da qualidade interna do albúmen e da gema.<br>Mestre em Ciências Veterinárias
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Souza, Yara Lúcia Silva. "Utilização da alga Lithothamnium calcareum para poedeiras de linhagens leves." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2012. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13056.
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This study was performed with the objective of assessing the effects of direct inclusion of 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% of the alga Lithothamnium calcareum in the diet, the age hen and interaction between these variables on the production and egg shell quality of laying hens in the second cycle. A completely randomized design was used with subdivided portions (inclusion level: 0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% x age: 112, 114, 116 and 118 weeks of age) with 6 replications, 10 hens per experimental unit. Each replications of the experiment involved use of 10 Dekalb White hens lines with an age of 110 weeks, four eggs being collected during each period. Percentage of eggs, percentage of broken eggs, percentage of cracked eggs, egg weight; yolk weight, white weight, eggshell weight, specific gravity, percentage eggshell, shell thickness ; number of shell pores; percentage of mineral matter eggshell, percentage of calcium and phosphorus in eggshell were measured and means were compared by Scott-Knott 5% test. The inclusion level of the alga increased the percentage of egg, shell thickness, percentage of mineral matter eggshell and calcium and decreased percentage of cracked eggs and number of pores in the shell. The increasing age of the laying hens decreased eggs shell quality. It was concluded that inclusion levels of Lithothamnium calcareum increased production and egg shell quality.<br>Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão direta na ração de 0, 1%, 1,5% e 2% da alga Lithothamnium calcareum, a idade da ave e a interação entre eles sobre a produção e a qualidade da casca de ovos de poedeiras comerciais de segundo ciclo. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas (nível de inclusão: 0, 1%, 1,5% e 2% x idades: 112, 114, 116 e 118 semanas de idade) com seis repetições. Cada repetição foi composta de 10 aves da linhagem Dekalb White alojadas com 110 semanas de idade. Em cada idade foram coletados quatro ovos de cada repetição. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott 5%. As características avaliadas foram: percentagem de postura, ovos trincados e quebrados, peso dos ovos, gravidade especifica, percentagem de casca, peso da gema, clara e casca, matéria mineral da casca, espessura da casca, número de poros da casca, percentagem de cálcio e fósforo da casca. O nível de inclusão da alga aumentou a percentagem de postura, a espessura da casca, a percentagem de matéria mineral e de cálcio da casca, e diminuiu percentagem de ovos trincados e número de poros da casca. O aumento da idade das aves determinou a diminuição da qualidade da casca dos ovos. Conclui-se que os diferentes níveis de inclusão da alga Lithothamnium calcareum melhoram a produção e a qualidade externa dos ovos.<br>Mestre em Ciências Veterinárias
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Hughes, R. J. (Robert J. ). "Influence of dietary electrolytes on blood acid-base balance in relation to formation of egg shells in the domestic hen." 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ah894.pdf.
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Onwubu, Stanley Chibuzor. "Using eggshell for the development of a quality alternative material to pumice in reducing the surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resins." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1526.
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Submitted in fulfillment of requirements of the degree of Master in Health Sciences: Dental Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.<br>Pumice is used in the polishing of dental appliances to remove surface irregularities. It is usually used in a slurry form that is pumice powder mixed with water. In Nigeria, the increased cost of pumice as a result of its limited supply into the country has encouraged dental technicians to re-use pumice slurry for longer periods than advocated when polishing acrylic dentures, whether new or old dentures which have been worn in the mouth. Consequently, this is likely to increase cross-infection of communicable diseases in the dental technology laboratory. Although materials such as white sand, black sand and porcelnite can be used, literature documents that these materials are less effective in the polishing of acrylic dentures (Areeg 2011). The focus of this study was to use eggshells, a natural waste product, to develop and test the quality of an alternative material to reduce the surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resins.
A quantitative research paradigm and an experimental research strategy were adopted. The research design included two phases. In phase one of this study, different characterisation techniques such as Brunnae-Emmer Teller (BET); Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR); X-ray Diffraction (XRD); Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM); Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM); Laser Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyser (PSA); Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA); and Induction-Coupling-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) were used to assess the suitability of the new abrasive material (NAM). In addition, the level of microbial contamination of the NAM was assessed in line with the specified microbial limits for cosmetic products. In contrast, phase two investigated the product-based quality of the NAM as an abrasive material for removable dental appliances. There were two sample groups, that is, the NAM (test group) and Pumice (control), and each sample group had 50 PMMA acrylic specimens. The surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a Talysurf profilometer. An Independent Tukey test was used to analyse the Ra values (p=0.05). A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Optical Microscope (OEM) were further used to support the results of the profilometer in terms of the quality of surface finish and polish. Validity of the study was achieved following the ISO 20795-1 (2013) methods of preparation and fabrication of the acrylic specimens. The reliability was determined via reproducibility and repeatability of tests.
The BET analysis showed that the NAM is predominantly a mesoporous powder. The FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed that the NAM is pure calcite with unique water absorbing characteristics, and is free of bacteria. The EDX and ICP-OES analyses revealed calcium, oxygen and carbon as the major elemental composition of the NAM. The SEM and TEM images revealed irregular shaped particles in the NAM. The PSA analysis of the particle distribution showed the NAM to be superfine (50nm to 0.3µm) and medium (44µm powder), respectively. The TGA analysis revealed a high-grade carbonate product in the NAM (>66.0 mass% of calcium carbonates). In addition, and in terms of in the qualities of the NAM in reducing the surface roughness of PMMA resins, the test group and the control group produced Ra values that were significant different (p<0.0001). The SEM and OEM analyses further confirmed the differences in the surfaces between the polished sample groups at different magnifications. Overall, the control showed the highest mean average (0.1056±0.03688µm), whereas the test group had the lowest Ra values (0.0476±0.01379).
The lowest Ra values measured with the test group indicated that the NAM improves the surface smoothness of PMMA acrylic specimens. Notably, this study conclusively showed that the NAM effectively reduces the surface roughness to below the threshold limit value of 0.2µm. Significantly, and in associating the Ra values to the threshold limit value of 0.2µm, the NAM produced better results than pumice. Hence the use of the NAM as a polishing material for acrylic dentures is highly recommended. Finally and in line the NAM being a suitable alternative to pumice as it effectively reduces the surface roughness of PMMA specimens, future investigation into the use of eggshell nanoparticles to develop dental prophylaxes will be encouraged.<br>M
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Yungrahang, Sukanya, and 蘇家莉. "Influences of Shell Color, Genetic Background and Hen Age on Eggshell Quality Traits of Chicken Eggs." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02722187552470366094.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>中興大學<br>動物科學系<br>95<br>Influences of Shell Color, Genetic Background and
Hen Age on Eggshell Quality Traits of Chicken Eggs
Sukanya Yungrahang
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to realize the influences of eggshell color, genetic background and hen age on eggshell quality traits. The egg traits studied were egg weight, shape index, shell weight (%), yolk weight (%), albumen weight (%), Haugh unit, shell membrane thickness, shell color measured by L a b color system and force-deformation curve measured by Instron testing machine. The eggs used in the first experiment were laid by hens of three genetic stocks, i.e., blue eggshell stock (Blue), a commercial Single Comb White Leghorn (WL) and their crossbreed offspring (Blue*WL) at 40 and 60 weeks of age. In addition, eggs laid by Blue and Blue*WL were classified by naked eye into different eggshell color phenotypes, i.e., blue, green, brown, tinted and olive. The eggs used in the second experiment were laid by the four long-term selection strains of Taiwan Country chicken at the National Chung Hsing University, i.e., L2 and D strains selected for egg production and B and S selected for growth performance. The eggs were laid at 30, 40, and 50 weeks of age. In the third experiment, eggs tested were laid by six native breeds, i.e., Hsin-Yi, Hua-Tung, Ju-Chi, Quamoy breeds in Taiwan, Shek-Ki breed from China and Nagoya breed from Japan, at 30, 40, and 50 weeks of age.
Results of Experiment 1. Eggs laid by Blue egg shell stock were much smaller with lower Haugh unit than those laid by the commercial Single Comb White Leghorns. However, their eggs had larger yolk weight (%) and higher eggshell strength at least at 40 weeks of age. Comparing eggshell quality of different color phenotypes within Blue eggshell and Blue*WL stocks revealed that brown-eggshell color and olive-eggshell color eggs in Blue eggshell stock had higher eggshell weight (%) and eggshell breaking strength than other eggshell color phenotypes, and the worst shell quality was found in blue-eggshell color phenotype. Similar result was found in Blue*WL stock, where the worst eggshell breaking strength was also found in the blue-eggshell color eggs. In addition, correlation coefficients between shell color, measured by L*, a* and b*, and eggshell strength also suggested that darker eggshell and yellow-brown eggshell eggs have a better eggshell breaking strength than the lighter ones.
Results of Experiment 2. Eggs laid by Strains L2 and D had lighter egg weight and lower eggshell breaking strength than those laid by Strains B and S. These results suggested that the genetic progress made by the selection for egg production in Taiwan Country chicken may have been on the cost of egg size and eggshell strength.
Results of Experiment 3. Comparison of egg traits among six different native chicken breeds revealed the presence of breed difference. Significant breed differences were found in shape index, egg weight, Haugh unit, albumen weight (%), yolk weight (%) and eggshell breaking strength, but not found in shell weight (%) and membrane thickness. Eggs laid by Hua-Tung had the heaviest egg weight and highest albumen weight (%) while the lowest was laid by Shek-Ki. The highest Haugh unit was found in egg laid by Nagoya and the lowest in Hua-Tung. The best eggshell breaking strength was found in eggs laid by Nagoya and Shek-ki, while the worst was in Hsin-Yi and Quemoy. Egg qualities of Nagoya were better than other breeds with higher eggshell strength breaking and Haugh unit. Eggshell breaking strength of Hsin-Yi and Quemoy was lower than other breeds.
As the hen aged, their eggs increased the size but without an increase of egg shell which resulted in a decrease of shell weight (%). In addition, the shell membrane thickness also decreased, therefore, the egg shell breaking strength decreased at older age.
Keyword: age; eggshell color; eggshell quality; genetics; Taiwan Country chicken
Books on the topic "Eggshells Quality"
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G.H. Tan, Y.Y. Zhang*, J.Z. Li, L. Wu, and Y.Y. Qin. Association of three novel SNPs in the ATF4 gene with layer duck eggshell quality. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1399/eps.2020.292.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Eggshells Quality"
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BOORMAN, K. N., J. G. VOLYNCHOOK, and C. G. BELYAVIN. "EGGSHELL FORMATION AND QUALITY." In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition, 181–95. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-407-01161-8.50014-8.
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BOORMAN, K. N., J. G. VOLYNCHOOK, and C. G. BELYAVIN. "EGGSHELL FORMATION AND QUALITY." In Recent Developments in Poultry Nutrition, 261–75. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-407-01513-5.50021-4.
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Hincke, M., J. Gautron, A. B. Rodriguez-Navarro, and M. D. McKee. "The eggshell: structure and protective function." In Improving the Safety and Quality of Eggs and Egg Products, 151–82. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857093912.2.151.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Eggshells Quality"
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Jenshinn Lin, Y. Lin, M. Hsieh, and C. Yang. "An Automatic System for Eggshell Quality Monitoring." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.7472.
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Rakonjac, Simeon, Snežana Bogosavljevic-Boškovic, Vladimir Doskovic, Miloš Lukic, Zdneka Škrbic, Veselin Petricevic, and Milun D. Petrovic. "KVALITET JAJA ORGANSKIH KOKOŠI NOSILJA U RAZLIČITIM FAZAMA PROIZVODNOG CIKLUSA." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.245r.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to determine the eggs and eggshell quality of organic laying hens at different stages of the one-year production cycle. Based on the results of these studies, it can be concluded that the organic eggs of 24-week-old Isa Brown layers had lower weight and a higher shape index than the eggs of 48- and 72-week-old hens. On the other hand, the eggs of 24- and 48-week-old laying hens had a higher albumen height and Haugh units, and less colored yolks compared to the eggs of 72-week-old hens. In terms of eggshell quality, 24-week-old hen eggs had a higher proportion, thickness and breaking strength and less shell deformation compared to 48- and 72-week-old hen eggs.