Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Égouts pluviaux'
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Ibrahim, Mazen. "Gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d'assainissement urbains : évaluation et agrégation d'indicateurs de performance précis ou flous." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0116/these.pdf.
Full textThe condition of urban sewer networks is deteriorating over time. To face this ageing process, sewer asset management has to defme suitable programs for assessing and limiting degradations. In France, the R&D RERAU programme proposed a methodology to assess the current condition and likely evolution of sewer pipes, and to decide which sewer segments are priority projects for investigation or for rehabilitation. However, this methodology needs further calibrations, improvements and experiments to enable its implementation in waste water utilities. These needs are tackled by this research that is part of the INDIGAU project (Indicateurs de performance pour la gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d'assainissement urbains- ANR- PRGCU 2006). The fi. Rst part of this research is a critical analysis and improvements of indicators and criteria that were developed within the RERAU programme. This part consists oftwo tasks: -task 1: construction of crisp dysfunction indicators derived from visual inspection data. -task 2: critical analysis of the formulation of rehabilitation criteria. The second part of this research deals with fuzzy indic a tors and fuzzy aggregation. This part consists oftwo tasks: -task 3: fuzzy rules for assessing rehabilitation criteria. -task 4: calibration process of fuzzy eut-off thresholds for evaluating performance indicators derived from visual inspection data. The proposed calibration processes have been experimented, within the INDIGAU project, with data provided by French utilities. The results obtained demonstrate the operational value of our proposals
Petavy, François. "Traitement et valorisation des sédiments de l'assainissement pluvial." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2147.
Full textThe objective of this research is to contribute to improve the management of storm-water sediments, i. E. Sediments from ponds and ditches, and street sweeping sediments. This is a major environmental and economical stake, due to the large quantities of polluted sediments (hydrocarbons, PAH and trace elements concentrations are often above the standards for polluted soils) and to changes in laws. This work comprises 2 parts : the implementation of physical and biological treatments on the one hand, and the determination of the possibilities of re-use on the other hand. The treatability study carried out in the laboratory shows that the pollutants are mainly in the fine particles. These fines are either “free” and can be easily separated by sieving, or binded requiring, therefore, an attrition step to allow their desagregation and their separation. The protocol was optimized, allowing to concentrate the pollutants in the fine particles (< 80 µm) and to clean up 75 % of the bulk sediment. These results enabled us to develop the ATTRISED pilot plant based on the same principles as those used in the laboratory study, while taking into account actual technical and economical criteria. Particle size separations (static and vibratory screens) coupled to the attrition step allow depollution rates of 75 % and 70 % for street sweeping and pond sediments, respectively. A biological treatment (landfarming) was also carried out on these sediments showing a 50 to 80 %-decrease in total hydrocarbons. In order to identify the possibilities of re-use of the treated sediments in road construction (embankments…), geotechnical tests were also carried out. These results lead us to the economic assessment of a mobile treatment unit. The results will also be useful for the preparation of a guide providing pond managers with efficient solutions for the treatment and re-use of storm-water sediments
Parent-Raoult, Charlotte. "Étude en systèmes artificiels de laboratoire des effets de "Rejets Urbains de Temps de Pluie" sur les communautés périphytiques." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10245.
Full textBou, Nader Edgard. "Conduite du diagnostic et évaluation des collecteurs des infrastructures urbaines de l'assainissement." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1998ISAL0065/these.pdf.
Full textUrban drainage networks and sewer systems evaluation and diagnosis, in the aim of their rehabilitation, need data acquisition, and system and components modelling. Our work deals with the organisation of diagnosis studies through a certain number of questions as : •Which informations should be acquired to enable the study of the structural and functional state of men-entry sewer and urban drainage networks estate ? •How can priorities be defined in data acquisition ? •Which reliability problems can we identify in an hierarchised process ? •etc. . . . . The report tackles with these aspects through three major parts. Divided into three chapters (1 to 3), the first part treats of generalities and exposes the problem. In the first chapter, to be able to understand the evolution of their maintenance through the years, we traced the history of urban technical networks, and illustrated their "bad health" by using the results of several international surveys. In the second chapter, it seemed important to us to take time and defined the terms used in our work, definition then proposed to be a common terminology between the different actors of this multidisciplinary field. In chapter 3 we present the results of the bibliographical study concerning the different recognition tools, which can be used through a diagnosis study. Three types of pre-diagnosis are concerned by these tools : geometrical, hydraulics and of waterproofness, and geotechnical and hydrogeological. In the second part we present a conceptual schema of the diagnosis, which is divided into four chapters (4 to 7). In chapter 4, we go through the different interactions between sewer and urban drainage networks on one side, and their different environments on the other side. Further more, we expose the component’s behaviour in these different contexts. In fact, we are most interested in using this knowledge to put in place the adaptation to the urban drainage and sewer networks of the causes-consequences diagram elaborated in the industrial safety studies. To put in place this idea, we defined two "great families" of data : basic data which are necessary for a good diagnosis, and that are detailed in chapter 5 ; and the orientation data useful to guide the decision makers through a diagnosis study, and that are detailed in chapter 6. For both families, we exposed the different means of data acquisition at different levels of fineness that can be considered. To illustrate our conceptual schema proposal, we present in chapter 7 five examples of degradation mechanisms relative to egg-shaped men-entry sections : crown collapse, belly, divergence of haunches, floor collapse, and section shattering. In the third part we present two direct applications of the conceptual schema : the first is done through the evolution of the possible state of the section studied (chapter 8) ; and the second is done through the study of the history of the section studied as well as of the vulnerability of its environments, in the process of a decision making aid (chapter 9). After the application of the first step of the RERAU1 methodology on 206 sections of the Communauté Urbaine de Lyon sewer and urban drainage networks, we propose in chapter 8 to put in place two types of presumption indexes : "a priori presumption index" evaluated by studying the degradation factors present within and around the section studied ; and "presumption with respect to symptoms index" evaluated through the results and the degradations noted during the surveys made upon the section studied. A first application of these indexes is made by using data available on a certain number of sections of the sewer and urban drainage networks estate of the Communauté Urbaine de Lyon and in the Ile-de-France. In chapter 9 we present the first elements needed for putting in place a sewer and urban drainage networks Maintenance Management System. This system is completed by presenting the indexes of criticity relative to the natural and urban environments. In the general conclusion we draw up a balance sheet of our work. It deals with : the conceptual schema proposed ; the knowledge and data available ; the presumption indexes proposed as well as their first application. The perspectives stated are relative to the carrying on of the research, and to the implementing, for the sewer and urban drainage networks managers, of a diagnosis aid system
Buco, Jasmin. "Analyse et modélisation du comportement mécanique des conduites enterrées." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0028/these.pdf.
Full textAs a consequence of their aging, the performance of buried pipes has become a major concern for the urban sewer systems managers. Improvement of both the pipe design and its installation conditions or a more efficient management requires first a comprehension of phenomena that lead to pipe deterioration. This research starts a new long-term and multidisciplinary topic where the study of the structural pipe degradation in relation with soil condition represents only one part of the whole extent. Within this context, our approach consists in first identifying such phenomena, then describing their effects on sewers. This PhD thesis is composed of three different parts. In the first part, a statistical analysis of failures affecting the Greater Lyon sewer network and the factors that are likely to make them appear is achieved in order to determine in what circumstances these failures occur. It is then possible to identify some of the mechanical processes that may generate the pipe deficiencies. It appears that the phenomena identified as having a major influence on the pipe behaviour are completely ignored by the current design standards. The second part is dedicated to the experimental characterization, via laboratory tests, of the mechanical behaviour of the most unknown part of the sewer pipe: the joint. A rheological model of its behaviour under three types of loading is developed so that it can be easily adapted to all kinds of joint with rubber gaskets. The last part regards a numerical 3D modelling of a trench and a pipe which includes all the major parameters having a significant influence on the pipe behaviour. A numerical representation of the joint is based on the lab test results, while the rest of the model is validated with the results from the literature. This numerical modelling is then used to investigate the influence of the soil variability within the trench, particularly focusing on the longitudinal pipe behaviour
Alfakih, Elham. "Approche globale pour la conception des technologies alternatives en assainissement pluvial intégrées à l'aménagement." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10029.
Full textBadin, Anne-Laure. "Répartition et influence de la matière organique et des microorganismes sur l'agrégation et le relargage de polluants dans des sédiments issus de l'infiltration d'eaux pluviales urbaines." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0022/these.pdf.
Full textIn urban area, stormwater are often collected and infiltrated towards infiltration basin (IB). Then, contamination could be transferred from city to groundwater resources. This study provides pieces of answer to the following issue: are the deposited sediment at the surface of IB during stormwater infiltration a contamination source? By characterization of various sediment samplings, the sediment biological and physicochemical state was shown to change with the hydric status of the IB. Aggregation was particularly studied. Influences of Organic Matter (OM), microorganism and low water content in aggregation processes were underlined. Preferential distribution of high molecular weight organic compounds and Cyanobacteria inside aggregates were notably observed. By the study of the mobile fraction of sediments when water pass through, we have shown that the ability of contaminant to be leached from sediments changes with the biological and physicochemical characteristics of the sediment. Particles, heavy metals, organic compounds and bacteria were highly leached from moist sediment than from dry one. Results demonstrated that not only water content is influent but also the hydrologic former history: leaching from recently disturbed sediment is higher. This work suggests to consider the sedimentary layer at the surface of IB not only as contaminated material and potential source of contamination but also as nutrient-rich, microbial-biodiverse, young and with extreme living conditions material
Loughreit, Fouad. "Contribution à la modélisation hydrologique des chaussées a structure réservoir pour leur conception et leur simulation." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0017.
Full textThe major goal of the present thesis is to define models and tools which will help to foresee the hydrological functioning of porous pavement structures. In the meantime, tools for their conception and their behavior modelisation at different space scales will also be given. The study is presented in 4 different parts: - the first part defines the general context of research by presenting, on the first hand, the actual states of storm urban drainage and of the growing use of alternative techniques - of which porous pavement structures -, and on the second hand, the different forms that can adopt these particular structures. From the problems observed through the comprehension of their global functioning, new domains of research will be proposed. -The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the presentation, the criticism and the classification of different models used to define the hydrological functioning of porous pavement structures. The third section of the study fixes the bases for a conceptual model of both regulated and non-regulated porous pavement structures and proposes its calibration with data from two of our own experimental sites. This section ends, with the validation of the conceptual model. Finally, the fourth section shows the results of a comparison between different porous pavements conception and modelisation tools under typical situations
Mourad, Mohammad. "Modélisation de la qualité des rejets urbains de temps de pluie : sensibilité aux données expériementales et adéquation aux besoins opérationnels." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0063/these.pdf.
Full textStormwater quality simulation models are useful tools for the design and management of sewer systems. Modelling results can be sensitive to experimental data used for calibration. This sensitivity is examined for three modelling approaches of various complexities (site mean concentration approach, event mean concentration approach and build-up, washoff and transport modelling approach) applied to a dry detention pond design case study, accounting for the variability of calibration data and their effect on simulation results. Calibrated models with different calibration data sets were used to simulate three years of rainfall with different detention pond volumes. Annual pollutant load interception efficiencies were determined. Simulations results revealed i) that there is no advantage in using the EMC model compared to the SMC model and ii) that the BWT model resulted in higher design ratios than those given by the SMC/hydraulic approach. For both EMC and BWT models, using an increasing number n of events for calibration leads to narrower confidence intervals for the design ratios. It is crucial for design ratios to account for successive storm events in chronological order and to account for the maximum allowable flow to be transferred to the downstream WWTP
Lafond, Jean-Marie. "Comparaison de modèles de transport en suspension : application à des ouvrages de stockage-dépollution." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10109.
Full textVidil, Christophe. "Gestion des eaux pluviales et changements climatiques : Étude de deux secteurs urbains." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28896/28896.pdf.
Full textAngerville, Ruth. "Évaluation des risques écotoxicologiques liés au déversement de rejets urbains par temps de pluie ( RUTP ) dans les cours d'eau : application à une ville française et à une ville haïtienne." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0034/these.pdf.
Full textThe Urban Wet Weather Effluents (UWWE) contain pollutants in dissolved or particulate form, resulting from the wash-off of the associated watershed. These effluents are generally discharged in the receiving waters, particularly in the periurban watercourses, without preliminary treatment. In some cases, this situation results in observing, in some cases, a risk of toxicity for the ecosystem of the related mediums. This study proposes 2 methodological frameworks to assess the ecotoxicological risks (EDREcotox) related to this specific scenario: an a priori framework and an a posteriori framework. The a priori framework was developed according to 3 complementary approaches to characterize the ecotoxicological effects : i) a substances approach ; ii) a substances with combined effects approach ; iii) a whole-effluent approach. This a priori framework was applied thereafter to a scenario of a French city and to a scenario of an Haitian city. In order to optimize the a priori framework, we realized firstly a study of the ecotoxicity and of the combined effects of the main pollutants found in UWWE on Daphnia magna and then on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. With regard to the whole-effluent approach, we carried out an ecotoxicological characterization of UWWE samples coming from the 2 studied sites. The a posteriori framework was based on the comparison between an ?upstream state and a downstream state, both compared to the UWWE discharge point in the stream of the French site, for 3 compartments (surface water, benthic zone and hyporheic zone) of this stream. The application of these 2 methodological frameworks led to coherent results which highlight an important risk for the organisms of the receiving stream, with an emphasizing of this risk for the organisms of the benthic and hyporheic zone. For further developments, we propose to optimize these methodologies by taking into account additonnal aspects such as bioavailability, bioaccumulation of these pollutants
Moussa, Mahamat Youssouf. "Gestion de l'assainissement d'un géosystème urbain inondable : le cas de la ville de N'Djamena (Tchad)." Avignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AVIG1035.
Full textSituated to the confluence of Chari rivers and Logone, built on an clayey substratum and flat, N'djamena the city of Chad knows to each season of rains, owed floods to the believed ones of Chari, to its different tributaries that the crossing, but also to the waters of his own impluvium. To these natural floods add the numerous sand careers extraction and of disseminated brickworks in all the outskirts of the city in which ones the stagnations of waters themselves perpetuate. At last, the insufficiency of drainage networks, the omnipresence of the rubbish that plug these networks do only amplified the stagnations. Although the state initiated several drainage projects and of improving of sanitation with the help of the international cooperation, the problem of floods remains constant. This position already preoccupying will have for consequences, the installation to each season of rains, of cholera epidemics, of typhoid fever, of malaria. . . In the omnipresent pool, deposit themselves faeces matters induced by the runoff. Thus, all these constraints gush out on the management of the city that becomes each more and more difficult day, inducing with her, the degradation of the life framework. In this thesis, we wanted to bring knowledge on the management of the improving sanitation method of the city; next by many cartographical analyses and statistical, by investigations, grasp the relations that exist between the constraints of the site and his organization, note the resultant failure of this last one and propose solutions in order to reduce the consequences of the improving sanitation lack
Fifi, Urbain. "Impacts des eaux pluviales urbaines sur les eaux souterraines dans les pays en développement : mécanismes de transfert des métaux lourds à travers un sol modèle de Port-au-Prince, Haïti." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0122/these.pdf.
Full text[Direct infiltration of urban stormwater towards superficial formations in developing countries constitutes a contamination risk for both those formations and/or subjacent groundwater. This thesis was focused a round this environ mental issue in which we have studied the three heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Cd) reactivity du ring their transfer related to urban stormwater infiltration in the alluvial formations of the Cul-de-sac Plain in Port-au-Prince. A "model soil " from the area study, with grain size s 2 mm considered as the most reactive, have been used and subjected to metal ions solutions according two different experimental conditions : static (batch) and dynamic (column) experiments. Results from these experimental deviees highlighted the retention or release mechanisms of these metal ions in the pedological medium of Port-au-Prince. Results from batch studies have showed that the competition between two or several cations for the sa me active sites in soils can inhibit the ir sorption individually. Results from columns proved the reactive character of the soil sample for the three metal ions, where approximately 99, 94 and 92% respectively for Cd, Pb and Cu have been retained on the soil. The study of the interactions between metals and the soil sample using PHREEQC code have showed that metals precipitation in a carbonated (cerrusite and otavite) and hydroxides forms and the ion exchange reactions are strongly contributed to this retention. However, these metals can be released or remobilized in the soil related to an abrupt change of the acido-basic conditions of the porous media, then representing a pollution risk for groundwater. ]
Servat, Eric. "Contribution à l'étude de la pollution du ruissellement pluvial urbain." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20189.
Full textXia, Zhenyu. "Étude phénoménologique pour des méthodes de dimensionnement d'ouvrages d'assainissement en fonction du risque de dysfonctionnement hydraulique." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_15.pdf.
Full textPetit, Laurent. "Etude de la qualité des données pour la représentation des réseaux techniques urbains : applications au réseau d'assainissement." Artois, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ARTO0203.
Full textKarnib, Ali. "Approche multicritère pour l'aide au choix d'une solution de réseau technique urbain : application au réseau d'assainissement pluvial." Artois, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ARTOA001.
Full textBouvier, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude du ruissellement urbain en Afrique de l'Ouest : application à la simulation des écoulements sur petits bassins urbains." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20241.
Full textChamoux, Christophe. "Techniques alternatives en assainissement pluvial : de la théorie à la pratique." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2009.
Full textThe study shows the main difficulties of applications in statutory, economic, technical and scientific domains to define the best solutions to manage the overflow risk in urban area. The prevention and management of risks in urban environment present some specific difficulties. Interests of preventive and curative strategies are applied on two small urban catchments of Antibes city : Laval and Madé. These catchments are studied by automated treatment of geomorphologic and land use parameters in G. I. S. Environment. Results are exploited in a spatially distributed approach with the hydraulic model of Mouse software (D. H. I. ). 3 scenarios are conceived in order to confront the current position and the preventive and curative strategies development performances. Economical and technical mains results prove that preventive technique efficiency could be increased. For this, specific local conditions or economic rules must be adapted to optimise preventive strategies of overflow
Amamba, Itoumba Frédéric Elie. "Modélisation d’un réseau de réservoirs en vue d’optimiser la gestion des eaux pluviales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10180/document.
Full textIn urban environments, or in the areas where the stormy showers are frequent and violent, it is advisable to temporarily store volumes of precipitations in retaining tanks before slackening them with flow controlled in the sewage networks or the natural environment, which limits the risks of flood and the environmental impacts. The dimension of these basins can quickly be important and their establishment on an encumbered site to become complicated and expensive. The solution suggested in this study is to distribute the retention on several basins connected to each other by pipes and controlled by nozzles, and to exploit their respective capacity and the conditions of transfer to optimize the rejection in the network or the natural environment. A numerical model named tank type was developed, which represents with a good level of precision the heights in the basins and the flows transferred according to time as well as intensity and the duration of the rain. This simplified model incremented according to a step of coherent time with the intensity of the rain works in volumes and flow without being delayed on the hydraulic conditions of flow. It was validated by several studies of sensitivity on meshes of 2 or 3 tanks and opens up the way for a tool for pre simple and reliable dimensioning
Fardel, Alexandre. "Fonctionnement hydraulique et propriétés épuratoires de techniques alternatives de gestion des eaux pluviales – cas des noues." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0018.
Full textSwales are vegetated open-drainage systems which are increasingly being used by practitioners to manage stormwater runoff. Swale’s design has considerably evolved from the 1980s (geometry, soil materials, vegetal cover), expanding their functionalities. While standard swales (built by merely grading a local topsoil) are traditionally implemented on the field to canalize the runoff, new types of swales composed with filtering media offer promising perspectives to manage the stormwater pollutant fluxes. The goals of this research are to (i) improve the knowledges about the pollutant removal and hydrologic performances of swales, and to (ii) assess the dominant factors (design factors, runoff characteristics) influencing these performances in order to optimize swale design. The statistical investigations on an original swale database, specifically set up for this study, show that most of the highest removal efficiencies are associated to the pollutants including a particulate form. The inflow concentration was identified as a major factor influencing the pollutant removal efficiencies of swales. To better characterize swale hydraulics and pollutant treatment, and to evaluate under controlled conditions some factors that could affect their performances (swale materials, inflow pathway), a pilot system, comprising two distinct types of swale (a standard swale and a filtering swale), was specifically built at the CSTB Nantes. This original facility provides supplying the swales with a wide variety of artificial urban runoff events in terms of flowrates, pollutant loads and inflow pathways (lateral diffuse inflows or concentrated upstream inflows). The analyses of the swale responses to different water supply conditions were based on the measurements from various measuring devices providing a thoroughly characterization of water and pollutant load fluxes. The experimental investigations on this pilot facility demonstrate that the filtering swales could offer improved hydrological and pollutant treatment benefits compared to the standard swales. The experimental investigations also highlight the benefits from supplying a swale with lateral inflows compared to upstream inflows
Walaszek, Milena. "Dynamique des flux de micropolluants et mécanismes de dépollution des rejets pluviaux urbains stricts à travers une technique alternative : approche multi-échelles par des méthodes expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD002/document.
Full textStormwaters are identified as a major source of pollution for waterbodies. Particularly, metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in stormwater are known as the most toxic compounds for the fauna and flora. To limit the impact of these micropollutants on hydrosystems quality, stormwater constructed wetlands (SCW) have been built worldwide. This study aims i) to assess the efficiency of a 5-years-old SCW that combined a sedimentation pond followed by a vertical flow sand filter in urban area (Strasbourg 67, France), ii) to determine micropollutants storage in water and soils during dry period, (iii) to investigate the seasonality impacts on SCW performances, (iv) to evaluate copper, lead and zinc sorption behavior on the filter sand and (v) to model micropollutants and rain water fluxes from the catchment to the filter output. 3 years of on-site monitoring and 13 rain event sampling campaigns have shown that SCW hydraulic and treatment performances are constant over the year. Rain water is characterized by high loads of zinc and its micropollutants loads depend on the rain event depth. Then, chemical analyses, sequential extractions and batch experiments performed on the SCW substrate highlight that metals mobility in the filter is affected by pH and metal concentration. A model based on the Richard’s equation has been developed and predicts with success the 1-D vertical flow in the filter
Khorchani, Mohamed. "Apports de l'imagerie numérique et de l'approche connexionniste à l'analyse de fonctionnement, la modélisation et la gestion des déversoirs d'orage." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/931b8e79-4caa-4546-a79c-d6b92611a1d3.
Full textDufour, Vincent. "Identification des sources en pesticides en contexte urbain et développements d’échantillonneurs passifs de type POCIS : application à la métropole bordelaise." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0831/document.
Full textGlobal demographic increase coupled with standard of living increase drive water resources’ anthropic pressure. This phenomenon is linked with consumption habits and with chemicals dispersion in environment. Pesticides are part of the most concerning contaminants. They were firstly used to enhance agricultural productivity but nowadays these chemicals are used for our daily life needs (in building materials, veterinary treatments, papers, textile products, paints, etc.) and so urban effluents such as storm sewer or wastewater treatment plant effluents are identified as important vectors of pesticides which are added to agricultural inputs. The diversity of sources coupled to an intrinsic toxicity highlight pesticides as environmental concerning compounds and their sources have to be clearly identified and classified to consider source reduction actions.The study of an urban continuum in Bordeaux Metropolis (France) highlighted qualitative and quantitative differences in contamination profiles between river water, storm sewers and wastewater treatment plant effluents. River waters are contaminated with phytopharmaceuticals (metolachlor, glyphosate) but molecules of high ecotoxicological concern (fipronil, imidacloprid) are mostly brought by wastewater treatment plants. These structures are indeed not built for micropollutant treatment and biocides provided by wastewaters are discharged in surface water. Urban effluents reflect uses of wastewater network by private consumers and industries. Advanced investigations in the wastewater network allowed identifying them as providers of veterinary molecules such as fipronil and imidacloprid. In parallel, monitoring of rain effluents allowed to identify storm sewers as less important sources of pesticides that wastewaters but they have to be considered for some molecules. Indeed, they can locally increase contamination in natural water around the discharge site especially concerning biocides (carbendazime, diuron, propiconazole, terbutryne) because of runoff waters over treated surfaces. Case of glyphosate is much more complex because this molecule was found in every compartment and seemed to be introduced massively both by agriculture and urban effluents in link with its use by farmers but also private consumers and some professionals.Passive sampling of water resources with POCIS (Polar Organic Chemicals Integrative Sampler) was successfully applied, allowing to quantify pesticides at trace levels and to calculate precise fluxes leading to the confirmation of previous results. However, the usefulness of this tool is limited in the case of wastewater monitoring. Uptake kinetics are too rapid to allow a quantitative characterisation of raw wastewaters over long period of deployment. These observations were confirmed with the comparison of in-situ calibration performed both in river and in effluent of a wastewater treatment plant and leaded to the development of new version of POCIS. Mini-POCIS and POCIS-T (lighter and smaller than original ones) were calibrated both in laboratory and in real conditions. They are more adapted than classical devices to wastewater sampling allowing covering a much longer period of monitoring
Abou, Rjeily Yves. "Management and sustainability of urban drainage systems within smart cities." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10085/document.
Full textThis work presents the Real Time Control (RTC) of Urban Drainage Systems (UDS) within smart cities. RTC requires to understand the UDS operation and to perform simulations on measured, forecasted and synthetic events. Therefore, a Real Time Monitoring system (RTM) was implemented on the experimental site, and combined to a simulation model. A model auto-calibration process and hydraulic boundary conditions forecast system were developed, in order to simulate the hydrologic-hydraulic response. Aiming to protect the citizens and mitigate flooding consequences, the RTC was composed of a flooding forecast system followed by a dynamic management strategy. The proposed concept and methodologies were applied and evaluated on the Lille 1 University Campus, within the SunRise project. RTM was found very helpful in understanding the system operation and calibrating the simulation model. Genetic Algorithm followed by Pattern Search formed an effective auto-calibration procedure for the simulation model. NARX Neural Network was developed and validated for forecasting hydraulic boundary conditions. Once understanding the UDS operations, the RTC was developed. NARX Neural Network was found capable to forecast flooding events. A dynamic management for increasing a tank retention capacity, was studied based on calculating a Valve State Schedule, and results were satisfying by using Genetic Algorithm and a modified form of Artificial Bee Colony, as optimization methods. A qualitative management was also proposed and tested for verifying its potential in reducing flooding volumes
Saulais, Muriel. "Colonisation végétale des basins d’infiltration et de rétention : caractérisation de la flore et évolution des caractéristiques physico-chimiques de l’horizon de surface végétalisé." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0116/document.
Full textUrban stormwater basins surfaces can be highly contaminated and can be spontaneously or intentionaly vegetated. The aim of this work is to better characterize the role of the vegetation on heavy metal (Zn, Cd, Cu) mobility. Firstly, vegetation inventory has pointed out the high species diversity in these devices (from ruderal vegetation to wetland plants). Then, a physico-chemical characterization of surface samples vegetated by dominant species has been carried out. We have shown that carbonates and organic matter play a major role in the control of heavy metal mobility. The parameters which are the most spatially and temporally variable are essentially related to organic matter cycle (nitrate, heavy metal fraction bound to organic matter), and to the introduction of stormwater suspended matter (heavy metals, texture). At the maximum of plant growth phase, heavy metal mobility is enhanced and the period of plant death leads to a better heavy metal retention in the basin surface. This thesis invites us to consider plants as agents of surface stormwater basin transformation and to include plants in future research work
Breil, Pascal. "Drainage des eaux claires parasites par les réseaux sanitaires ; mécanismes et approche quantitative." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20103.
Full textVoignier, Pierre. "Influence de la structure spatiale des pluies et du bassin versant sur les écoulements en réseau : approche à l'aide du logiciel EAUSER : Application à Saint-Etienne." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838436.
Full textHannouche, Ali. "Analyse du transport solide en réseau d’assainissement unitaire par temps de pluie : exploitation de données acquises par les observatoires français en hydrologie urbaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1134/document.
Full textThis thesis exploits continuous measurement of rainfall, discharge and turbidity data and the knowledge acquired by three French observatories in urban hydrology, OPUR-Paris, OTHU Lyon and ONEVU-Nantes, to validate and improve knowledge on suspended solids discharges and sources of particles, which are major vectors of contaminants in combined sewer systems. Data from six experimental sites served by a combined sewer system were used: Marais, Quais and Clichy in Paris, Cordon Bleu and Saint-Mihiel in Nantes and Ecully in Lyon. At each site, a long duration databases enabled statistical studies on samples of several tens of rainfall events and dry weather days. This thesis allowed: 1-to assess the representativeness of turbidity to analyze sediments transport in network; 2-to analyze and model concentrations and masses of particles at the scale of rain events; 3-to study the dynamics of fluxes and concentrations at intra-event scale. Results show that turbidity can describe the dynamics of intra-event fluxes and concentrations provided these are expressed in a relative form, normalized by the event mean values. However, these mean values are attached by significant systematic errors induced by variations of the inter-event TSS-turbidity relationship (95% confidence interval about 30% of average). The contribution of sewer deposits to wet weather suspended solids discharges is important but variable (between 20 and 80% of the mass at the outlet depending on the event), including for a site allegedly free of (coarse) sewer deposits. In other words, the problems of silting and contribution from deposits to wet weather pollution are not necessarily related. The other major contribution is from “dry weather” wastewater. In addition, they we made some progress in understanding the lag-time phenomena between hydrograph and pollutograph and the piston effect
Nakouri, Hend. "Etude et conception d'un modèle de gestion dynamique des réseaux d'assainissement. : application test sur la ville de Somain." Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0212/document.
Full textGenerally, real-time management of sewer systems uses two main tools. The first software one, dedicated to weather forecast is known by their imprecision and uncertainty. The main issue of the second one concerns their computational complexity, which becomes a burden, as they require temporal important steps of decision. This leads to an important problem, where the obtained results are generally different from the really waited ones. The main idea and objective of the CARDIO project, which are the core of this thesis, is to deal with this important problem using a new paradigm based on “automatic” concepts rather than applied from “hydrology” point of view. Such approach allows the realization of a large amount of numerical simulation in a fast way during a very short time (a few seconds). This allows dispensing of weather forecast by using real-time meditative pluviometric data directly. The objective is to achieve a system where the decision-making is made based on reliable data and also, the error correction is permanent
Claro, Barreto Alejandro. "Expérimentation et modélisation de l'hydrodynamique et de la dispersion de la pollution particulaire au sein des déversoirs latéraux." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI083.
Full textCombined sewer overflows (CSO) in a sewer system are the main source of pollution for the receiving environments during wet weather. The control of pollution flux discharges by CSO requires the study of hydraulics and pollutant transport, conveyed mostly as suspended particles. All experimental and numerical simulations have focused on hydrodynamics and the dispersion of particulate pollutants within side weirs at laboratory and field scales. The tridimensional flow is characterized by means of the water height, flowrate, velocity and turbulent kinetic energy fields. The particulate pollutant dispersion is studied by means of the mass distribution at laboratory scale and the BOD5 concentration and flux discharged at field scale. This study validated for the first time, to our knowledge, the 3D numerical approach based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applied to the case of a complex side weir subjected to regulatory self-monitoring using in situ data of water heights, upstream flows and discharged flows, collected by Valence Romans Agglo. The first campaigns show that the regulatory compliance criterion linked to the flow of pollution discharged in rainy weather is proving to be adapted to the functioning of the sewer system of the city of Valence. Indeed, the concentration of DBO5 discharged by the main CSO is lower than that measured at the entrance of the wastewater treatment plant. This work confirms the use of CFD and laboratory tests as operational tools allowing (i) to understand the hydrodynamic behaviour of CSO in wet weather, (ii) to implement self-monitoring and (iii) to analyse sewerage system compliance
Fournel, Julien. "Systèmes extensifs de gestion et de traitement des eaux urbaines de temps de pluie." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20111/document.
Full textUrban runoff management has become a priority for many years, regarding the issues of flooding and water course pollution that jeopardize the objectives of the European Framework Directive 2000/60/CE. As an extensive technique, subsurface flow constructed wetlands have proved to be reliable solutions for the treatment of sewage, and have been used for more than 20 years. Their adaptation to other types of functions or effluents has even been implemented over the last ten years (tertiary treatment, dilute effluents, sludge drying reed beds), and the management of urban runoff is part of this extension process. Despite this system combines both storage and treatment capacities, (Uhl and Dittmer, 2005) highlight dysfunctions as reed death during long rest periods or performance losses. These authors also underline the needs in optimizing design rules and tools.Then, the SEGTEUP project combines a large-scale pilot monitoring and hydrodynamic modeling, aiming at providing some basis for the implementation of a reliable design tool, applicable over the entire French territory. Then, the pilot study aimed at testing different materials and filter configurations, while a mechanistic approach was implemented to highlight the main flow influence parameters.Anyway, filtration of suspended solids appears as the major pollutant removal process, allowing the retention of at least 70% of SS and associated pollutants whatever the material considered. Nevertheless, dissolved organic matter adsorption remains negligible, while ammonium elimination is poor for the coarsest material. In the opposite, adsorbent zeolite present high ammonium retention abilities and ensures constantly low discharge levels. The use of this material is particularly recommended in case of specific issues concerning high pollutant loads or low available surface area. Furthermore, micropollutants (metals and PAHs) mainly bound with particles, are highly removed by filtration of SS. In our study, dissolved micropollutants concentrations were too low to highlight robust conclusions. However, further research are needed to better understand metals retention and release, and PAHs degradation processes, since these mechanisms are strongly dependent of pH and redox conditions and dynamics. Finally, the study of hydrodynamics shows that the throttle value influences adsorption and degradation reactions through variations in hydraulic retention time, particularly during saturated phases. On the other hand, the feeding structure is of special importance since a homogenous distribution of influent at the filter surface is needed to avoid hydraulic shortcuts and corresponding dead volumes. Finally, a HYDRUS 1D model was implemented around urban runoff issues, but cannot be used as a predictive design tool. Indeed, the throttle value, represented by a virtual layer with low conductivity, must be re-calibrated for each simulated event. Then, a 2D adaptation of the model is required, as well as the integration in the HYDRUS code of appropriate singular head losses as boundary conditions. In the end, the developed simplified model of water flow and pollutant degradation should be coupled with a sewer system model, aiming at creating a flexible and adaptable design tool
Schmitt, Noëlle. "Caractérisation des systèmes hybrides pour le traitement des eaux pluviales : mitigation des substances prioritaires et émergentes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD014/document.
Full textThis work deals with the treatment of effluents from a small urban residential catchment area drained by a separate sewer network. The treatment is made with a sedimentation pond and a constructed wetland. Instrumentation and samplings enable hydrodynamic and physic-chemical monitoring. Results show that the system deeply contributes to reduction of pollution before discharge into receiving water. The pollutant loads are reduced between 70 and 100% for all pollutants (except BOD5 and nutrients, between 4 and 100%). The sedimentation pond plays an essential role in eliminating pollutants in particulate phase, more specifically PAHs (100%). The constructed wetland treat pollutants in particulate phase that are not retained by the pond, but also pollutants in dissolved phase (nutrients, organic matter, metals and pesticides)
Ly, Duy Khiem. "Water quality-based real time control of combined sewer systems." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI032/document.
Full textReal time control (RTC) is considered as a cost-efficient solution for combined sewer overflow (CSO) reduction as it optimises the available capacity of sewer networks. RTC helps to prevent the need for construction of additional retention volumes, increases the network adaptability to changes in water management policies, and above all alleviates the environmental impact of CSOs. Following increasing interest in water quality-based RTC (QBR), this thesis demonstrates a simple and nothing-to-lose QBR strategy to reduce the amount of CSO loads during storm events. The performance of the QBR strategy, based on Mass-Volume (MV) curves prediction, is evaluated by comparison to a typical hydraulics-based RTC (HBR) strategy. A proof-of-concept study is first performed on a small catchment of 205 ha to test the new QBR concept using 31 storm events during a two-year period. Compared to HBR, QBR delivers CSO load reduction for more than one third of the events, with reduction values from 3 to 43 %. The QBR strategy is then implemented on the Louis Fargue catchment (7700 ha) in Bordeaux, France and similarly compared with the HBR strategy. By implementing QBR on 19 storm events over 15 months, its performance is consistent, bringing valuable benefits over HBR, with 17 out of 19 events having load reduction varying between 6 and 28.8 %. The thesis further evaluates the impact of MV curve prediction uncertainty (due to model prediction uncertainty) on the performance of the QBR strategy, using a representative storm event. The resulting range of uncertainty is limited. Besides, results of the sensitivity study show that the choice of the QBR or HBR strategy should take into account the current tank volumes and their locations within the catchment
Belhadj, Naoufel. "Variations par temps de pluie des débits dans les réseaux d'eaux usées de type séparatif : identification des composantes et modélisation des infiltrations." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529364.
Full textBelhadj, Naoufel. "Variations par temps de pluie des débits dans les réseaux d'eaux usées de type séparatif : Identification des composantes et modélisation des infiltrations." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9435.
Full textThe present concern about urban storm drainage and pollution control should not apply to separate foul water sewerage. However, flowrates that can be monitored at the outlets of such sewerage display huge variations along with rainfall, very much alike the ones related with combined systems. Inappropriate connexions of runoff water are not the sole explanation for such a behaviour, and infiltration is to be considered. Leaking defects, included the ones located on private properties, involve rather complex mechanisms which result in drainage of large flows into the collection pipes. These flows can reach high values whatever timescale is considered (yearly, daily and even hourly flowrates). But these flowrates cannot be easily quatify, because they depend not only on rainfall events, but also on what happened before, and on the season. So we developped a mathematical model to simulate these flowrates, and validated this model using field data and sensibility analysis. This model should be a valuable tool for sewer evaluation studies