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1
Soliman, Walid Shehata. "The Moderating Effect of Firm Characteristics on the Association Between Accounting Conservatism and Cash Holdings." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 9, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i4.15887.
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Recent studies are interested in the determinants of cash holdings (CASH), some of these studies focus on conservatism, as one of these determinants. In light of a debate on the nature of the association between conservatism and CASH, this paper discusses and investigates the answers for three questions, the first question about the direct association between conservatism and CASH, the second question about the moderating effect of firm characteristics on this association, the third question about the effect of adopting Egyptian Accounting Standards (EAS) since 2016 on the last association. This paper focuses on Egyptian listed firms in Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX), especially EGX 100, for six years period from 2013 to 2018 for 11 main sectors, 125 firms and 703 unbalances panel data observations. The findings indicate that (1) conservatism has a negative effect on CASH, (2) only firm size has a moderating and positive effect on the association between conservatism and CASH, (3) firm leverage, firm growth opportunity, and firm managerial ownership do not have a moderating effect on the last association. (4) Adopting EAS in 2016 by Egyptian listed firms gives the management of these firms' suitable chances to control CASH using its association with conservatism.
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Sainan, Khairul Imran, Naqiuddin Arsyad, Mohd Ezzuan Salleh, and Firdaus Mohamad. "Development of 1:1 and 2:1 Channel Ratio Bipolar Plates (BPPs) for PEMFC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.105.
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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a device that generates electricity through an electrochemical reaction of oxygen air and hydrogen fuel. Thetransportofoxidantand fuel through the bipolarplatesis a significant factor affecting the cell performance. Currently, present work concentrates highly on flow field layout and channels design configurations. In this paper, the development two flow field layouts are discussed with different inlet/outlet channel ratio. Serpentine-paralleldesignisusedasthe base layout. The flow fields have inlet/outlet channel ratio of 1:1 and multiple inlet 2:1 configurations. Graphite is used as theplate material.Theanodeflowchannelis 2 mmx 1.2 mmx 2 mm meanwhile the cathode channel is 2 mm x 0.5 mm x 2 mm fora xbxwrespectively.Theactiveareais 25 cm2 with 5 cmx 5 cm dimensions. The fields were fabricated by Roland EGX-360 Desktop Engraver machine that involved drilling and profiling process. The fuel cell assembly process is explained in detail. The gasketmaterialis made from two materials which are Polyimide and Silicon. A series of pre-conditioning experiments were carried out in both fuel cells for confident purposes.
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Shehata, Walid, and Ahmed Rashed. "Accounting Conservatism, Information Asymmetry and Cash Holdings." Journal of Accounting, Business and Management (JABM) 28, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31966/jabminternational.v28i1.826.
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This paper focuses on explore the association between accounting conservatism and cash holding through a mediating effect of information asymmetry (IA) for Egyptian firms listed in EGX 100 within the period between 2013 -2018 through 124 firms with 703 firm-observations. The results indicates that (1) conservatism doesn’t have an enormous effect on information asymmetry, (2) information asymmetry doesn’t have a serious effect on cash holding, (3) there’s not any mediation role of information asymmetry within the relationship between conservatism and cash, (4) conservatism effect a negatively on cash holding
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Shaker, Mohamed A., and Marwan M. Abdeldayem. "Examining asset pricing models in emerging markets: Evidence from Egypt." Corporate Ownership and Control 16, no. 1 (2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv16i1art6.
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The study aims at executing five tantamount asset pricing models in Egypt, in particular: 1) “the CAPM”, 2) “the Fama-French three-factor model (1993)”, 3) “the Carhart model (1997)”, 4) “the four-factor model of Chan and Faff (2005)”, and 5) “the five-factor model (Liquidity and Momentum-Augmented Fama-French three factor model)”. This research effort pursues Fama-French arranging approach in view of the size and Book-to-Market proportion (B-M ratio) for 55 securities out of the most 100 stocks in the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) over a five years’ time period. We utilized “the time series regression of Black, Jensen and Scholes (1972)”. The findings of the study revealed that in terms of predictability, FF three-factor model prompts a significant improvement over the CAPM, while alternate models do not demonstrate a noteworthy increment over the FF three factor model.
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Abd-Alla, Mustafa Hussein, and Mahmoud Sobh. "Empirical Test of Fama and French Three-Factor Model in the Egyptian Stock Exchange." Financial Assets and Investing 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/fai2020-2-1.
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We test the empirical validity of the three-factor model of Fama and French in the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) using monthly excess stock returns of 50 stocks listed on the EGX from January 2014 to December 2018. Our findings do not support Fama and French three-factor model, where the coefficient of the beta was insignificant. The “SBM” coefficient and the “HML” coefficient were equal to zero and insignificant, which confirms the absence of the small firm effect and book-to-market ratio effect in the market. We conclude that there is no relation between expected return and Fama-French risk factors.
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Abd-Alla, Mustafa Hussein, and Mahmoud Sobh. "Empirical Test of Fama and French Three-Factor Model in the Egyptian Stock Exchange." Financial Assets and Investing 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/fai2020-2-1.
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We test the empirical validity of the three-factor model of Fama and French in the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) using monthly excess stock returns of 50 stocks listed on the EGX from January 2014 to December 2018. Our findings do not support Fama and French three-factor model, where the coefficient of the beta was insignificant. The “SBM” coefficient and the “HML” coefficient were equal to zero and insignificant, which confirms the absence of the small firm effect and book-to-market ratio effect in the market. We conclude that there is no relation between expected return and Fama-French risk factors.
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Wagdi, Osama, Amira Hasaneen, and Madyha Metwally. "The Impact of Executive Management on Internal Auditing Quality Under the Agency's Problem: Evidence From Egypt." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 9, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i4.15498.
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The study provides a framework for determinants of an impact of Executive Management on internal auditing quality according to eight dimensions (1) leadership style of executive management, (2) Organizational Culture, (3) operation cost of internal auditing, (4) providing information and disclosure for internal auditor (5) cooperation and facilitation from executive management (6) the attitude of executive management of earnings management, (7) the attitude of executive management for creative accounting and (8) professional ethics of executive management. The population of the study is Egyptian manufacturing firms listing at EGX and their employees. Accordingly, the number of received questionnaires was 392 from 28 firms in the first half of 2019 but the financial reports for 2018. The study found the impact of executive management on internal auditing quality, and it is significant at 0.01 level. According to adjusted R-squared; executive management interprets (97.1%) of an internal auditing quality level. Finally; the current framework of corporate governance need to take into organizational characteristics, as well as the ethical and behavioural variables, with than further controls on the Board of Directors, as well as ensuring the independence of internal audit to maximize the quality of internal audit.
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Elewa, May. "Firm Performance and Market Behavior during First Wave of COVID-19 in Egypt: Panel Data Analysis." Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting 13, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v13i2.18846.
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The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of market capital MC and net profit NP on stock price SP and trade volume (TV) in the developing Egyptian business context. This study collects data from 29 non-financial organizations registered on the EGX 30 during the 6 month, 1/1/2020 to 30/6/2020, lockdown in Egypt due to the first wave of COVID-19. Data for the monthly confirmed cases and death cases of COVID-19 are collected for the 6 months of the study and compared to the monthly records of closing prices and trade volume in Egyptian poundsEGP. The study population represents 174 firm year observations. The firms studied operate in cash, have annual financial reports during the period 1/1 to 31/12, obtain complete financial data, and have not been eliminated all throughout the study. In this work the pooled model, the fixed effects model, and the random effects model are used.SPSSis applied to achieve the required statistical analysis. The study is a panel data analysis. Outcomes demonstrate existing substantial effects between market capital MC and stock price SP during the first wave of COVID-19. However, no significant effect is evident of the market capital MC and net profit NP with the trade volume TV during the first wave of this pandemic. This literature is advantageous for external and internal stakeholders and regulatory bodies. The study is a modest contribution that may help boost the business processes to reach better financial performance in times of unexpected catastrophes.
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Laukova, A., M. Pogany Simonova, I. Kubasova, S. Gancarcikova, I. Placha, J. Scerbova, V. Revajova, R. Herich, M. Levkut Sn, and V. Strompfova. "Pilot experiment in chickens challenged with Campylobacter jejuni CCM6191 administered enterocin M-producing probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium CCM8558 to check its protective effect." Czech Journal of Animal Science 62, No. 11 (October 9, 2017): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2017-cjas.
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Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common food-borne pathogens and chickens are the main source of these bacteria. Enterococcus faecium AL41, enterocin M-producing strain (deponed to the Czech Culture Collection of Microorganisms, Brno, Czech Republic – CCM8558) is our isolate previously applied e.g. in broiler rabbits with beneficial effect. In this study it was used in a 11-day experiment with chickens (1-day-old, breed Cobb 500, n = 40) challenged with C. jejuni. Birds had free access to feed and water; they were randomly divided into four groups per 10 chicks each: control (CG), E. faecium CCM8558 (EG1), CCM8558 + C. jejuni CCM6191 (EG2), CCM6191 (EG3). E. faecium CCM8558 (10<sup>9 </sup>CFU/ml, 200 µl) in Ringer solution was administered daily per os to EG1 and EG2 for 7 days (from day 0–1). EG3 and EG2 were infected individually per os (day 4, CCM6191, 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/ml in Ringer solution, 200 µl). For microbiota evaluation, faecal mixtures (n = 5) were sampled on day 0–1 (1<sup>st</sup> sampling), on day 7 (2<sup>nd</sup> sampling), and on day 11 (3<sup>rd</sup> sampling) (day 7 of CCM8558 application, day 4 post-infection; day 4 of CCM8558 cessation, day 7 post-infection). Five birds from each group were sacrificed. CCM8558 sufficiently colonized chickens. In faeces of EG2 a tendency to reduce Campylobacter spp. (day 7 of application, day 4 of infection) was noted compared to EG2 (day 11, day 4 of cessation, day 7 post-infection; difference 1.21 log cycles), while in EG3 CCM6191 strain was not reduced. Phagocytic activity (PA) values were significantly higher in infected groups compared to CG and EG1. A significant increase in PA was also noted in EG2 and EG3 at the end of experiment compared to CG or EG1. The strain additive did not evoke oxidative stress. Biochemical parameters were influenced to the reference levels.
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Kovacik, A., M. Gasparovic, E. Tvrda, K. Tokarova, E. Kovacikova, M. Rolinec, L. Rumanova, M. Capcarova, and B. Galik. "Effects of humic acid diet on the serum biochemistry and oxidative status markers in pheasants." Veterinární Medicína 65, No. 6 (June 26, 2020): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/174/2019-vetmed.
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This study investigated the effect of different concentrations of humic acids (HAs) on the selected serum biochemistry parameters and oxidative status markers in common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). The control birds were fed a diet with no HA additives, while the birds in the experimental groups were fed diets containing HAs at the level of 0.5% (EG1), 0.75% (EG2) and 1.0% (EG3) from 1 to 90 days of age. The blood sodium concentration decreased (P < 0.01) in the group fed by 1.00% HAs compared to the control birds. The concentration of potassium in the EG2 group increased (P < 0.05) in comparison to the control group. The EG1 group showed a higher (P < 0.01) serum glucose than the EG2 group. Significant differences (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) were also found between the experimental groups (EG1 vs EG2, and EG2 vs EG3) in the cholesterol concentrations. The birds in the experimental groups showed lower ROS (reactive oxygen species) and MDA (malondialdehyde) production. An opposite effect was observed in the TAC (total antioxidant capacity), where its values significantly increased in the experimental groups. The diet supplementation affected the enzymatic antioxidant system of the fattened pheasants, and so the HAs exhibited an antioxidant potential in these birds.
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Jennewein, Lukas, Dörthe Brüggmann, Kyra Fischer, Florian J. Raimann, Hemma Roswitha Pfeifenberger, Lena Agel, Nadja Zander, Christine Eichbaum, and Frank Louwen. "Learning Breech Birth in an Upright Position Is Influenced by Preexisting Experience—A FRABAT Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102117.
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Background: Vaginal breech delivery is becoming an extinct art although national guidelines underline its safety and vaginal breech delivery in an upright position has been shown to be a safe birth mode option. In order to spread clinical knowledge and be able to implement vaginal breech delivery into obstetricians’ daily practice, we need to gather knowledge from facilities who teach specialized obstetrical management. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study on 140 vaginal deliveries out of breech presentation solely-managed by seven newly-trained physicians and compared fetal outcome as well as rates of manual assistance in respect to preexisting experience. Results: Fetal morbidity rate measured with a modified PREMODA score was not significantly different in three sub-cohorts sorted by preexisting expertise levels of managing obstetricians (experience groups EG, EG0: 2, 5%; EG1: 3, 7.5%; EG2: 1, 1.7%; p = 0.357). Manual assistance rate was significantly higher in EG1 (low experience level in breech delivery and only in dorsal position) compared to EG0 and EG2 (EG1 28, 70%; EG0: 14, 25%; EG2: 21, 35%; p = 0.0008). Conclusions: Our study shows that vaginal breech delivery with newly-trained obstetricians is a safe option whether or not they have advanced preexisting expertise in breech delivery. These data should encourage implementing vaginal breech delivery in clinical routine.
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Shehata Mohamed Kasim Soliman, Walid, and Karim Mansour Ali. "An investigation of the value relevance of deferred tax: the mediating effect of earnings management." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(1).2020.27.
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There is an academic discussion about the value relevance of deferred tax, which aims to find out the effect of deferred tax on the investors’ decisions. In light of this discussion, the first question is about the impact of deferred tax on management practices to manipulate earnings, which is called earnings management, the second question is about the value relevance of earnings management, the third question is about the value relevance of deferred tax, and the fourth question is about the mediating effect of earnings management. The paper focuses on listed firms in the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX), especially firms that were recorded in EGX 100, for six-year period (2013–2018) for 107 firms and 642 completed observations. The findings are as follows: management uses deferred tax to manipulate earnings, since an increase in deferred tax amounts increases earnings management practices; there is no value relevance of earnings management, which means earnings management practices do not affect the investors’ decisions; there is value relevance of deferred tax, which confirms that deferred tax is one of the determinants that affect the investors’ decisions; there is no value relevance of deferred tax through earnings management as a mediator variable since investors are not interested in earnings management practices to make their investment decisions. This paper investigates the relationship between deferred tax, earnings management, and value relevance in the Egyptian context.
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Tsai, Jo C., Lixin Liu, Jie Zhang, Katherine C. Spokes, James N. Topper, and William C. Aird. "Epidermal growth factor induces Egr-1 promoter activity in hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): G1271—G1278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.5.g1271.
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Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is a transcription factor that couples short-term changes in the extracellular milieu to long-term changes in gene expression. Under in vitro conditions, the Egr-1 gene has been shown to respond to many extracellular signals. In most cases, these findings have not been extended to the in vivo setting. The goal of the present study was to explore the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in mediating Egr-1 expression in hepatocytes under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In HepG2 cells, Egr-1 protein and mRNA were upregulated in the presence of EGF. In stable transfections of HepG2 cells, a 1,200-bp Egr-1 promoter contained information for EGF response via a protein kinase C-independent, mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathway. A promoter region containing the two most proximal serum response elements was sufficient to transduce the EGF signal. In transgenic mice that carry the Egr-1 promoter coupled to the LacZ reporter gene, systemic delivery of EGF by intraperitoneal injection resulted in an induction of the endogenous Egr-1 gene and the Egr-1- lacZ transgene in hepatocytes. Together, these results suggest that the 1,200-bp promoter contains information for EGF response in hepatocytes both in vitro and in intact animals.
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Tsai, Jo C., Lixin Liu, Jiazhen Guan, and William C. Aird. "The Egr-1 gene is induced by epidermal growth factor in ECV304 cells and primary endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 279, no. 5 (November 1, 2000): C1414—C1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2000.279.5.c1414.
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The early growth response (Egr)-1 transcription factor serves to couple changes in the extracellular environment to alterations in gene expression. An understanding of the mechanisms that underlie Egr-1 gene regulation should provide important insights into how environmental signals are transduced by endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to determine whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces Egr-1 expression in endothelial cells. In ECV304 cells, Egr-1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in response to EGF. In stable transfection assays, the 1,200-bp promoter of the mouse Egr-1 gene contained information for EGF response via a protein kinase C-independent, mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. The endogenous Egr-1 gene was similarly responsive to EGF in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells, human coronary artery endothelial cells, and rat fat pad endothelial cells, but not in bovine aortic endothelial cells, calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells, or PY-4-1 endothelial cells. Together, these results suggest that the Egr-1 gene is responsive to EGF in a subset of endothelial cells.
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Cera, Arcangela Anna, Emanuele Cacci, Camilla Toselli, Silvia Cardarelli, Alessandra Bernardi, Roberta Gioia, Mauro Giorgi, Giancarlo Poiana, and Stefano Biagioni. "Egr-1 Maintains NSC Proliferation and Its Overexpression Counteracts Cell Cycle Exit Triggered by the Withdrawal of Epidermal Growth Factor." Developmental Neuroscience 40, no. 3 (2018): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489699.
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In adult mammals, neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in specialized niches at the level of selected CNS regions, such as the subventricular zone (SVZ). The signaling pathways that regulate NSC proliferation and differentiation remain poorly understood. Early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) is an important transcription factor, widely studied in the adult mammalian brain, mediating the activation of target genes by a variety of extracellular stimuli. In our study, we aimed at testing how Egr-1 regulates adult NSCs derived from mouse SVZ and, in particular, the interplay between Egr-1 and the proliferative factor EGF. We demonstrate that Egr-1 expression in NSCs is induced by growth factor stimulation, and its level decreases after EGF deprivation or by using AG1478, an inhibitor of the EGF/EGFR signaling pathway. We also show that Egr-1 overexpression rescues the cell proliferation decrease observed either after EGF removal or upon treatment with AG1478, suggesting that Egr-1 works downstream of the EGF pathway. To better understand this mechanism, we investigated targets downstream of both the EGF pathway and Egr-1, and found that they regulate genes involved in NSC proliferation, such as cell cycle regulators, cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.
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Wang, Ji, Ming Ding, Yan-Hong Li, Qin-Xi Chen, Gen-Jun Xu, and Fu-Kun Zhao. "A monovalent anion affected multi-functional cellulase EGX from the mollusca, Ampullaria crossean." Protein Expression and Purification 31, no. 1 (September 2003): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1046-5928(03)00131-1.
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Liu, Lixin, Jo C. Tsai, and William C. Aird. "Egr-1 gene is induced by the systemic administration of the vascular endothelial growth factor and the epidermal growth factor." Blood 96, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.5.1772.
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Abstract Egr-1 is a transcription factor that couples short-term changes in the extracellular milieu to long-term changes in gene expression. In cultured endothelial cells, the Egr-1 gene has been shown to respond to a variety of extracellular signals. However, the physiological relevance of these findings remains unclear. To address this question, the growth factor-mediated response of the Egr-1 gene under in vivo conditions was analyzed. To that end, either vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity of mice. Growth factors were delivered to all tissues examined, as evidenced by the widespread distribution of I125-labeled growth factors and the phosphorylation of their respective receptors. In Western blot analyses of whole-tissue extracts, Egr-1 protein levels were shown to be induced in the heart, brain, liver, and spleen of VEGF-treated mice, and in the heart, lung, brain, liver and skeletal muscle of EGF-treated animals. Changes in Egr-1 levels did not correlate with changes in receptor phosphorylation or ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In Northern blot analyses, VEGF induced Egr-1 mRNA levels in all tissues examined except lung and kidney, whereas EGF led to increased transcripts in all tissues except kidney. In immunofluorescence studies, VEGF induced Egr-1 in microvascular endothelial cells of the heart and liver, and EGF induced Egr-1 in the microvascular bed of skeletal muscle. Taken together, these results suggest that the Egr-1 gene is differentially regulated in response to systemically administered VEGF and EGF.
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Liu, Lixin, Jo C. Tsai, and William C. Aird. "Egr-1 gene is induced by the systemic administration of the vascular endothelial growth factor and the epidermal growth factor." Blood 96, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.5.1772.h8001772_1772_1781.
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Egr-1 is a transcription factor that couples short-term changes in the extracellular milieu to long-term changes in gene expression. In cultured endothelial cells, the Egr-1 gene has been shown to respond to a variety of extracellular signals. However, the physiological relevance of these findings remains unclear. To address this question, the growth factor-mediated response of the Egr-1 gene under in vivo conditions was analyzed. To that end, either vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity of mice. Growth factors were delivered to all tissues examined, as evidenced by the widespread distribution of I125-labeled growth factors and the phosphorylation of their respective receptors. In Western blot analyses of whole-tissue extracts, Egr-1 protein levels were shown to be induced in the heart, brain, liver, and spleen of VEGF-treated mice, and in the heart, lung, brain, liver and skeletal muscle of EGF-treated animals. Changes in Egr-1 levels did not correlate with changes in receptor phosphorylation or ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In Northern blot analyses, VEGF induced Egr-1 mRNA levels in all tissues examined except lung and kidney, whereas EGF led to increased transcripts in all tissues except kidney. In immunofluorescence studies, VEGF induced Egr-1 in microvascular endothelial cells of the heart and liver, and EGF induced Egr-1 in the microvascular bed of skeletal muscle. Taken together, these results suggest that the Egr-1 gene is differentially regulated in response to systemically administered VEGF and EGF.
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Bouchard, Frédéric, Simon D. Bélanger, Katherine Biron-Pain, and Yves St-Pierre. "EGR-1 activation by EGF inhibits MMP-9 expression and lymphoma growth." Blood 116, no. 5 (August 5, 2010): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-12-257030.
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Abstract Progression of hematologic malignancies is strongly dependent on bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells. Expression of members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family by stromal cells is a central event during these interactions. However, although several studies have focused on the mechanisms responsible for induction of MMP in stromal cells, the signals that negatively regulate their secretion of in these cells remain largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence that MMP-9 production by stromal cells is suppressed through activation of early growth response protein 1 (EGR-1), thereby inhibiting the growth of thymic lymphoma. We found that EGR-1 expression is induced in stromal cells after contact with lymphoma cells via epidermal growth factor (EGF). Moreover, development of thymic lymphoma was inhibited when induced by lymphoma cells overexpressing EGF compared with control lymphoma cells. Using transgenic mice containing MMP-9 promoter-driven luciferase transgene in its genome, we further demonstrated that EGF/EGR-1 repressed transcriptional activation of the MMP-9 gene by stromal cells. De novo expression of EGR-1 alone by gene transfer or exposure to recombinant human EGF also inhibited MMP-9 expression. Taken together, these results indicate that EGR-1 could be a source of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in lymphoid tumors in which MMP-9 plays a critical role.
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Solari, F., A. Bateman, and J. Ahringer. "The Caenorhabditis elegans genes egl-27 and egr-1 are similar to MTA1, a member of a chromatin regulatory complex, and are redundantly required for embryonic patterning." Development 126, no. 11 (June 1, 1999): 2483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.11.2483.
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We show here that two functionally redundant Caenorhabditis elegans genes, egl-27 and egr-1, have a fundamental role in embryonic patterning. When both are inactivated, cells in essentially all regions of the embryo fail to be properly organised. Tissue determination and differentiation are unaffected and many zygotic patterning genes are expressed normally, including HOX genes. However, hlh-8, a target of the HOX gene mab-5, is not expressed. egl-27 and egr-1 are members of a gene family that includes MTA1, a human gene with elevated expression in metastatic carcinomas. MTA1 is a component of a protein complex with histone deacetylase and nucleosome remodelling activities. We propose that EGL-27 and EGR-1 function as part of a chromatin regulatory complex required for the function of regional patterning genes.
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Florkowska, Magdalena, Piotr Tymoszuk, Aleksandra Balwierz, Anna Skucha, Jakub Kochan, Mateusz Wawro, Krystyna Stalinska, and Aneta Kasza. "EGF activates TTP expression by activation of ELK-1 and EGR-1 transcription factors." BMC Molecular Biology 13, no. 1 (2012): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2199-13-8.
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Dong, Meng-Qiu, Daniel Chase, Georgia A. Patikoglou, and Michael R. Koelle. "Multiple RGS proteins alter neural G protein signaling to allow C. elegans to rapidly change behavior when fed." Genes & Development 14, no. 16 (August 15, 2000): 2003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.14.16.2003.
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Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS proteins) inhibit heterotrimeric G protein signaling by activating G protein GTPase activity. Many mammalian RGS proteins are expressed in the brain and can act in vitro on the neural G protein Go, but the biological purpose of this multiplicity of regulators is not clear. We have analyzed all 13 RGS genes in Caenorhabditis elegans and found that three of them influence the aspect of egg-laying behavior controlled by Go signaling. A previously studied RGS protein, EGL-10, affects egg laying under all conditions tested. The other two RGS proteins, RGS-1 and RGS-2, act as Go GTPase activators in vitro but, unlike EGL-10, they do not strongly affect egg laying when worms are allowed to feed constantly. However, rgs-1; rgs-2double mutants fail to rapidly induce egg-laying behavior when refed after starvation. Thus EGL-10 sets baseline levels of signaling, while RGS-1 and RGS-2 appear to redundantly alter signaling to cause appropriate behavioral responses to food.
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Parikh, Neehar, Shengsheng Yu, Noh Jin Park, Michael Locker, Ishveen Chopra, and Jason Yeaw. "The real-world prevalence of esophagogastric varices, bleeding, emergency room visits, and hospitalization among patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the US." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2023): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.4_suppl.519.
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519 Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with esophagogastric varices (EGV) is a morbid and potentially deadly complication of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). However, the presence of EGV among the aHCC population receiving esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in the US is not well understood, nor are the predictors of EGV- or bleeding-related ER or hospitalization (the outcome) among those who are newly initiated on systemic treatment. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted utilizing IQVIA’s PharMetrics Plus Health Plans Claims database (January 1, 2016, to July 31, 2021). Patients ≥18 years of age with ≥1 prescription for an aHCC systemic treatment were included; the date of the first prescription was the index date. At least 12 months of continuous enrollment pre-index and 6 months post-index (unless patients were deceased) were required. Patients with pre-index diagnosis codes for renal cell carcinoma, differentiated thyroid carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and liver transplant were excluded. Logistic regression was conducted to identify associations between baseline characteristics and the outcome. Results: A total of 904 patients with aHCC were included (mean age: 61.3 years; 75.3% male); 39.4% of patients died within 6 months following the index date. During the pre-index period, 688 (76.1%) patients had portal hypertension-related comorbidity, 327 (36.2%) had EGD, 122 (13.5%) had EGV, and 63 (7.0%) had bleeding. During the observational period, 458 (50.7%) patients received EGD, among whom 209 (45.6%) also had EGV. 141 (15.6%) patients had ≥1 outcome event during the post-index period. In the adjusted analysis, patients with pre-index bleeding and with EGV but no bleeding had 4.5- and 3.1-times higher odds of having post-index outcome, respectively, as compared with those lacking pre-index bleeding and EGV. Moreover, the pre-index presence of portal hypertension-related comorbidities was associated with 3.1 times greater odds of having a post-index outcome. Conclusions: EGV and bleeding events are common in patients with aHCC receiving systemic therapies. The EGV prevalence of 45.6% among those receiving EGD is consistent with prior similar studies outside of the US (Giannini EG, et al. Clin Gastroenterol and Hepatol. 2006; Iavarone M, et al. United European Gastroenterol J. 2016; Hsieh WY, et al. Sci Rep. 2017). The presence of bleeding, EGV, and portal hypertension-related comorbidities prior to treatment initiation were associated with the increased post-treatment risk of EGV- or bleeding-related ER or hospitalization in these patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess and report the presence of EGV among those receiving EGD in a US aHCC population.
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Schabbauer, Gernot, Bernhard Schweighofer, Diana Mechtcheriakova, Markus Lucerna, Bernd Binder, and Erhard Hofer. "Nuclear factor of activated T cells and early growth response-1 cooperate to mediate tissue factor gene induction by vascular endothelial growth factor in endothelial cells." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 97, no. 06 (2007): 979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-01-0037.
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SummaryBased on the finding that tissue factor belongs to a group of genes upregulated in endothelial cells by VEGF, but not by EGF, we investigated signals selectively triggered by VEGF. Whereas the transcription factor early growth response (EGR)-1, which has previously been shown by us to be essentially involved in tissue factor gene regulation, was similarly induced by both factors, one major difference between VEGF and EGF signaling was the activation of the Ca++-mediated calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway by VEGF. Consistent with the importance of this pathway for tissue factor induction, treatment of endothelial cells with the Ca++ chelator BAPTA-AM, as well as the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A, partially inhibited VEGF induced tissue factor upregulation. Furthermore, tissue factor reporter gene assays revealed a synergistic cooperation of NFAT and EGR-1 in the induction of the TF promoter, and a physical interaction between the two factors was indicated by co-immunoprecipitation assays. Another gene upregulated by VEGF predominantly via NFAT, which is not induced by EGF, is the DSCR-1 gene. The calcineurin inhibitor DSCR-1 seems to be induced by VEGF in a negative feed-back loop to limit NFAT activation. When we tested adenoviral overexpression of DSCR-1, VEGF-mediated induction of tissue factor mRNA was reduced, and complete suppression could be achieved by a combination of viruses expressing DSCR-1 and NAB2, a corepressor of EGR-1. These findings support that both, NFAT and EGR-1, are required for tissue factor upregulation in response to VEGF.
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Wang, Tinghui, Qi Fu, Yue Wang, Mengfan Gao, and Jinhua Chen. "The Interaction Mechanism of Fiscal Pressure, Local Government Behavioral Preferences and Environmental Governance Efficiency: Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta Region of China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 16618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416618.
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In environmental governance, local governments are the main actors, and their behavioral preferences between economic growth competition (EGC) and environmental regulation (ER) affect the inputs and outputs of environmental governance. Most studies discuss the relationship between government behaviors and the environment from the fiscal decentralization perspective, with few studies from the fiscal pressure (FP) perspective. Importantly, the bidirectional interaction mechanism is easily ignored. This study measured local government FP, EGC, ER, and environmental governance efficiency (EGE) in China’s Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region from 2000 to 2020. Moran’s I index was used to identify the change characteristics of local government behavioral preferences. The interaction mechanism was analyzed by a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model. The results show that (1) from 2000 to 2020, FP was generally strengthened. EGE generally showed fluctuating and rising change characteristics, with more obvious fluctuating and rising characteristics before 2012 and after 2012, respectively. Local governments shifted from a strong alternative preference to a weak synergistic preference. (2) FP had a self-reinforcing effect. EGC and ER had a self-weakening effect. EGE had not only a self-weakening effect but also a weak self-dependence. (3) There is a double negative interaction mechanism between FP and local government behavioral preferences. FP made local governments prefer to reduce EGC and relax ER, but in fact, EGC and ER were conducive to alleviating FP. (4) There is a negative transitive influence mechanism between FP, local government behavioral preferences and EGE. The negative effect of FP on EGE can be transmitted by reducing EGC and ER. This paper provides a scientific basis for improving EGE in the YRD region and understanding the behavioral logic of local governments’ environmental governance and a reference for other rapidly industrializing and urbanizing regions.
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Iwami, K., N. Ashizawa, Y. S. Do, K. Graf, and W. A. Hsueh. "Comparison of ANG II with other growth factors on Egr-1 and matrix gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 270, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): H2100—H2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.270.6.h2100.
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The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) other growth factors implicated to play a role in ventricular hypertrophy on cardiac fibroblast changes associated with cardiac remodeling. These changes included induction of early growth response (Egr-1) gene and increases in message levels of extracellular matrix proteins. ANG II treatment (10(-10)-10(-6) M) of rat cardiac fibroblasts induced 1) Egr-1 and 2) a fourfold (P < 0.02) increase in fibronectin and a twofold (P = 0.05) increase in laminin mRNA levels but no increases in that of collagens I, III, or IV at 24–48 h, and 3) a decrease in AT1-receptor mRNA levels to 26% (P < 0.001) of basal at 4–6 h. These effects were all inhibited by the AT1-receptor blocker, losartan, but not AT2-receptor blockers. Immunostaining of cultured cells with antibody against rat fibronectin demonstrated positive staining of cells in serum-free medium; staining was more intense in cells treated with ANG II (10(-6) M, 48 h). Fluorescent-activated cell sorting using an antibody against rat AT1 receptor demonstrated a receptor signal in cells maintained in serum-free medium; however, the receptor signal was not detectable in ANG II-treated cells. Serum and epidermal growth factor (EGF) also induced Egr-1, but norepinephrine (NE) and endothelin (ET) had no effect. Serum increased fibronectin mRNA levels by twofold (P < 0.05). EGF, NE, and ET had no effect on matrix gene expression. Serum, EGF, and NE also transiently downregulated AT1-receptor mRNA levels at 4–6 h of treatment. These results demonstrate that 1) ANG II both induces protooncogene expression and enhances fibronectin mRNA levels in cultured cardiac fibroblasts, whereas EGF only induces Egr-1, and NE and ET have no effects on either function; 2) ANG II effects are primarily mediated by the AT1 receptor; and 3) growth factors can regulate AT1-receptor mRNA levels. Thus ANG II, relative to NE, ET, and EGF, appears to play a prominent and direct role in fibroblast changes associated with cardiac hypertrophy.
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M, Sowjanya, and Manjula K. "Effect of Food-based Approach with Spirulina on Blood Glucose Profile of Non-insulin Dependent Diabetics." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.2.35.
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A sample of 90 diabetic subjects (40–60 years) were selected from diabetic hospitals Tirupati and divided equally into three groups, namely, experimental group-1 (EG1), EG2, and control group (CG). Spirulina supplementation was given daily in the form of snack bar and capsules to EG1 and EG2, respectively, for a period of 3 months and CG was not given any supplementation. The impact of spirulina supplementation was studied on blood glucose profile of subjects before and after the study. It was observed in the present study that the mean fasting, postprandial blood glucose levels, and hemoglobin A1C were decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in Group EG1 and EG2 from pre- to post-intervention period. Non-significant change was observed of the subjects of CG. Hence, it is suggested that 2 g of spirulina supplementation as food-based approach can prove to be effective in management of diabetes.
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Teruya, Roberto, Djalma José Fagundes, Celina Tizuko Fujiyama Oshima, José Lacerda Brasileiro, Guido Marks, Celso Massachi Ynouye, and Manuel Jesus Simões. "The effects of pentoxifylline into the kidneys of rats in a model of unilateral hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 23, no. 1 (February 2008): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502008000100006.
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PURPOSE: To study the role of pentoxifylline (PTX) on remote kidney injury caused by muscle ischemia of left hindlimb of rats. METHODS: After xylazine and ketamine anesthesia, the left hindlimb of rats (n=66) were submitted to 6 hours ischemia (clamping the left common iliac artery). Three groups were used: sham group (SG, n=6), early group (EG, n=30) with reperfusion after 4 hours and late group (LG, n=30) with reperfusion after 24 hours. The saline solution (EG1, n=10 and LG1, n=10) or PTX (40mg.Kg-1) was administered in the reperfusion beginning (EG2, n=10/LG2, n=10) or divided in two doses in the ischemia beginning and reperfusion beginning (EG3, n=10/LG3, n=10). The plasmatic creatinokinase, urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium values were measure and histological samples from left kidney were prepared and H&E stained for scored cellular necrosis and degeneration of kidney tubules and thickness glomerulus determination. The apoptosis index was determined by immunohistochemical expression of the caspase-3. The tests of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05) were applied. RESULTS: The urea (90.5 ± 30.96 mg.dL-1), creatinine (2.28 ± 0.54 mg.dL-1), potassium (16 ± 3.66 mmol.dL-1) and mesangium thickness (0.97 ± 0.42 µm) values were significantly higher in group LG3. There was no significantly difference of caspase 3 expression between EG2 (16.35 ± 1.65%) and LG3 (15.57 ± 2.54%), and both were significantly worse than SG (9.8 ± 1.98%). CONCLUSIONS: The PTX has some protecting effect on remote kidney injury due to hindlimb ischemia/reperfusion injury only in the early phase of reperfusion.
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Veligotsky, M. M., O. V. Gorbulich, G. M. Ursol, V. V. Komarchuk, and K. E. Shamoun. "TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF HIGH EZOPHAGOGASTROPLASTICS USING MINIMALLY INVASIVE ROENTGENENDOSCOPIC METHODS." Kharkiv Surgical School, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37699/2308-7005.3.2020.06.
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Summary. The most formidable early postoperative complications of Lewis esophagogastroplasty (EGP) is the failure of esophagogastroanastomosis (EGA), and in the late period — stricture of EGA, in some patients there are functional disorders. The aim of the study. Assess the treatment of complications of EGP using minimally invasive methods. Materials and methods: The results of 150 operations for cancer of the middle and upper thoracic esophagus with the imposition of high EGA were analyzed (65 used cervical EGP). X-ray endoscopic techniques are used to treat patients with complications. The functional results of EGP using esophageal manometry and pHZ monitoring were also evaluated.
Results and discussion. When applying EGA on the neck was significantly higher incidence of failure of the anastomotic sutures, which was associated with impaired blood supply with increasing length of the graft. Surgical tactics in case of failure of the EGA on the neck was to open and drain the deep space of the neck, conducting a transnasal tube for feeding into the stomach — there were no fatalities. Surgical tactics in case of failure of intrapleural EGA, which took place in 4 cases, consisted of drainage of the empyema cavity and conducting a transnasal tube for nutrition in the initial parts of the small intestine under X-ray video surveillance. In the treatment of failure of intrathoracic anastomoses there was 1 fatal case. At strictures of EGA which took place at 24 patients, performed balloon dilatations under X-ray video control. In 2 patients with the phenomena of pylorospasm performed balloon dilatation of the pyloric pulp under X-ray video control. In general, patients who underwent EGP showed good and satisfactory functional results, but in some patients there were functional disorders that were transient in nature.
Conclusions:
The use of clinically developed methods of esophagogastroplasty can reduce the number of failures and strictures of anastomoses.
At insufficiency and strictures of an esophagogastroanastomosis, and also at a hypertonia of pyloric pulp X-ray endoscopic methods are highly effective and low-traumatic.
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Dako, Safriyanto, and Safriyanto Dako. "CROSSBREDING BETWEEN NATIVE CHIKEN AND LEGHORN CHIKEN STRAIN ISA BROWN." JURNAL PETERNAKAN 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jupet.v16i1.4050.
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This research is the first step, with aims to determine the production and reproduction ability of Crossbreding between male native chicken with female Isa brown strain leghorn, to be the parent in the next stage of research . This study used 3 male native chicken 12 -24 months of age. and and 28 females of Leghorn chicken 14 month of ege, with body weight 1100-1200 gram, crossbreding using artificial Insemination methode, semen domestic chicken dilution rate using physiological NaCl, ratio sperm dilution 1 : 4. They were put in grower flocks with density of one birds per cage. Feeds during experiment were given in phases, starter Feeds (Protein 21% and Energy 3000 kcal/kg), for layer (Protein 17% and Energy 2900 kcal/kg). Drinking water during experiment were given adlibitum. The result of the study illustrate crossbreeding between male native chicken and female leghorn chiken Isa Brown strain is egg weight: 51.50-54.17 gram, egg index: 0.76 to 0.79%., Hatching weight: 39.34-39,39 grams, egg fertility 65,70-78,00%, hatchability 76.83-78.75%. In conclusion: egg weight of 52.42 eggs, egg index 0.78, eggs fertility 74.43%. hatchability 77,93%, and F1 body weight of 1 days of ege : 39.37 gram, and heritability DOC weight 0.43
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Amorino, George P., Virginia M. Hamilton, Kristoffer Valerie, Paul Dent, Guido Lammering, and Rupert K. Schmidt-Ullrich. "Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dependence of Radiation-induced Transcription Factor Activation in Human Breast Carcinoma Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 7 (July 2002): 2233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.01-12-0572.
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Ionizing radiation (1–5 Gy) activates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a major effector of the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. MAPK and its downstream effector, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK), phosphorylate transcription factors involved in cell proliferation. To establish the role of the EGFR/MAPK pathway in radiation-induced transcription factor activation, MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells were examined using specific inhibitors of signaling pathways. Gel-shift analysis revealed three different profile groups: 1) transcription factors that responded to both radiation (2 Gy) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) (CREB, Egr, Ets, and Stat3); 2) factors that responded to radiation, but not EGF (C/EBP and Stat1); and 3) those that did not respond significantly to either radiation or EGF (AP-1 and Myc). Within groups 1 and 2, a two- to fivefold maximum stimulation of binding activity was observed at 30–60 min after irradiation. Interestingly, only transcription factors that responded to EGF had radiation responses significantly inhibited by the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG1478; these responses were also abrogated by farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) or PD98059, inhibitors of Ras and MEK1/2, respectively. Moreover, radiation-induced increases in CREB and p90RSK phosphorylation and activation of Stat3 and Egr-1 reporter constructs by radiation were all abolished by AG1478. These data demonstrate a distinct radiation response profile at the transcriptional level that is dependent on enhanced EGFR/Ras/MAPK signaling.
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Rokosh, Gregg. "Heme–Egr-1." Circulation Research 102, no. 1 (January 4, 2008): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.107.168252.
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Sanchez-Guerrero, Estella, Elya Chen, Maaike Kockx, Si-Wei An, Beng H. Chong, and Levon M. Khachigian. "IL-1beta Signals through the EGF Receptor and Activates Egr-1 through MMP-ADAM." PLoS ONE 7, no. 7 (July 6, 2012): e39811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039811.
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ZHAO, Hongyu, Wei TIAN, Hongshi XU, and David M. COHEN. "Urea signalling to immediate-early gene transcription in renal medullary cells requires transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor." Biochemical Journal 370, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20020565.
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Signalling by physiological levels of urea (e.g. 200mM) in cells of the mammalian renal medulla is reminiscent of activation of a receptor tyrosine kinase. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor may be transactivated by a variety of G-protein-coupled receptors, primarily through metalloproteinase-dependent cleavage of a membrane-anchored EGF precursor. In the murine inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cell line, urea (200mM) induced prompt (1—5min) tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor. Pharmacological inhibition of EGF receptor kinase activity with AG1478 or PD153035 blocked urea-inducible transcription and expression of the immediate-early gene, Egr-1. AG1478 blocked, either fully or partially, other hallmarks of urea signalling including Elk-1 activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. EGF receptor kinase inhibition also blocked the cytoprotective effect of urea observed in the context of hypertonicity-inducible apoptosis. EGF receptor transactivation was likely to be attributable to metalloproteinase-dependent ectodomain shedding of an EGF receptor agonist because both specific and non-specific inhibitors of metalloproteinases blocked the urea effect. Heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), in particular, was implicated because the diphtheria toxin analogue and highly specific antagonist of HB-EGF, CRM197, also blocked urea-inducible transcription. In aggregate, these data indicate that signalling in response to urea in renal medullary cells requires EGF receptor transactivation, probably through autocrine action of HB-EGF.
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Čillík, Ivan, Jozef Sýkora, and Pavol Pivovarniček. "The Comparison of Unilateral and Bilateral Training Effect to Changes in Speed and Speed-Strength Abilities in Preadolescence Athletes." Physical Activity Review 11, no. 1 (2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2023.11.06.
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Introduction: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of unilateral and bilateral training program on changes in the level of speed and speed-strength abilities. Methods: Experimental group 1 (EG1) consisted of 8 young athletes (age = 12.76±1.55 years) and experimental group 2 (EG2) consisted of 8 athletes (age = 12.51±1.59 years) who regularly participate in the training process at a frequency of three times a week. All of our athletes had more than 4 years experiences with regular athletic training 3 times per week prior to this study. During a period of 8 weeks in the preparatory period, such exercises were applied which were performed unilaterally in EG1 and bilaterally in EG2. To determine the effectiveness of take-off training on change in the level of speed and speed-strength abilities, the following tests were performed: relative strength index (RSI), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump (SLJ), 20 m run from standing start. Results: We found out that in the posttest, the athletes of both groups achieved an improvement in the explosive strength of the lower extremities as well as in the acceleration speed. A significant improvement (p<0.05) was recorded in EG1 in SLJ and in EG2 in RSI. The effect size coefficients showed a large effect in RSI in EG2 and in SLJ in EG1. Conclusion: The results clearly did not confirm a higher effect of the unilateral program in comparison with the bilateral program, but indicated a higher efficiency, especially in the take-off explosiveness of athletes with a unilateral training program.
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Manabe, Noriaki, Ken Haruma, Rui Nakato, Jun Nakamura, Takahisa Murao, Minoru Fujita, Mitsuhiko Suehiro, et al. "PS01.013: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY IN PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY DISORDERS." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps01.013.
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Abstract Background Although dysphagia is an indication for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) its causes include organic and non-organic disorders. There has been no study to investigate the clinical significance of EGD in patients with esophageal motility disorders (EMD). The first aim was to elucidate the detection ratio for EMD with EGD. The second aim was to clarify useful EGD parameters associated with them. Methods Participants included 372 patients who underwent EGD before high resolution manometry for dysphagia. EGD findings were investigated according to the following five parameters: resistance when passing through the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), residue in the esophageal lumen, esophageal dilation, spastic and non-occlusive contraction. The EGD finding was positive when at least one EGD finding was detected. HRM diagnoses were made based on the Chicago classification (v3.0). Results Of 372 participants, pseudoachalasia were diagnosed in 6 patients (1.61%), EMD in 250, and normal in 116. The detection ratio for each EMD by EGD is shown in Table 1. There were significant differences in the detection ratio among the three groups (81.1% in major, 50.0% in minor EMD and 15.5% in normal, P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, resistance when passing through the EGJ (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.99; 95% CI [1.26–12.66]), and non-occlusive contraction (aOR: 10.3; 95% CI [5.26–20.19]) were significantly associated with EMD. Conclusion The ratio of abnormal EGD findings was different in each EMD. Major EMD can be screened with EGD. Among several endoscopic parameters related with EMD, the non-occlusive contraction is most useful endoscopic parameter. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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Abián, Pablo, Fernando Martínez, Fernando Jiménez, and Javier Abián-Vicén. "Effects of Eccentric Single-Leg Decline Squat Exercise on the Morphological and Structural Properties of the Vastus Lateralis and Patellar Tendon." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 9410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249410.
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The purpose was to examine the effect of 6-week eccentric single-leg decline squat (SLDSe) training with two technical execution times (3 s or 6 s) on changes related to the structural properties of the vastus lateralis (VL) and patellar tendon (PT). Thirty-six physical active volunteers were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CG, n = 13, age = 20.8 ± 1.9 years, no intervention program), experimental group 1 (EG1, n = 11, age = 21.6 ± 2.5 years, execution time = 6 s) and experimental group 2 (EG2, n = 12, 21.1 ± 1.2 years, execution time = 3 s). Participants completed a 6-week SLDSe training program (80% of 1-RM) three days a week. The structural characteristics of the VL and the PT were measured with ultrasonography before and after 6-week SLDSe training and after 6 weeks of de-training. Our results indicate that EG1 increased ≈21.8% the thickness of the PT and EG2 increased ≈15.7% the thickness of the VL after the 6-week intervention program. EG1 and EG2 showed greater values (p < 0.05) of lean mass and lower values (p < 0.05) of fat percentage on the thigh after the intervention program. In conclusion, the SLDSe training carried out with the execution time of 6 s had greater effects on the structural and elastic properties of the PT, and the exercise with the execution time of 3 s caused greater structural adaptations in the VL musculature.
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Hu, Xiaoyi, Kristin Kohler, Arnold M. Falick, Anne M. F. Moore, Patrick R. Jones, O. David Sparkman, and Craig Vierra. "Egg Case Protein-1." Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, no. 22 (March 29, 2005): 21220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m412316200.
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Ashfaq, Farah, Sara Hayee, Zarka Zarka, Asma Asma, Naveed Akhtar, and Amir Nadeem. "STUDY OF ZNO NANOPARTICLES ON THYROID HORMONES, TESTOSTERONE LEVEL AND TESTES HISTOLOGY." Pakistan Journal of Emerging Science and Technologies (PJEST) 3, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.58619/pjest.v3i2.63.
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This study examines hormone secretions in a rabbit model to identify the effects of oral administration of ZnO nanoparticles on the thyroid gland and testes. For this purpose, thirty healthy rabbits were acclimatized and divided into control, experimental group 1 (EG1) and 2 (EG2). These groups were examined for 50mg/Kg and 75mg/Kg nanoparticle dosages. Experimental groups lose weight, while control doesn’t. Both groups had non-significantly lower Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) levels. EG1 and EG2 had considerably lower testosterone levels on the 20th and 10th days of trials, respectively. In the experimental group, nanoparticles caused seminiferous tubule degeneration and germinal epithelium sloughing or depletion. Histology was normal in the control group. This present study provides a glimpse into the toxicity of nanoparticles; a more in-depth analysis using various animal models is needed.
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van der Linden, Alexander M., Femke Simmer, Edwin Cuppen, and Ronald H. A. Plasterk. "The G-Protein β-Subunit GPB-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans Regulates the Goα-Gqα Signaling Network Through Interactions With the Regulator of G-Protein Signaling Proteins EGL-10 and EAT-16." Genetics 158, no. 1 (May 1, 2001): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/158.1.221.
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Abstract The genome of Caenorhabditis elegans harbors two genes for G-protein β-subunits. Here, we describe the characterization of the second G-protein β-subunit gene gpb-2. In contrast to gpb-1, gpb-2 is not an essential gene even though, like gpb-1, gpb-2 is expressed during development, in the nervous system, and in muscle cells. A loss-of-function mutation in gpb-2 produces a variety of behavioral defects, including delayed egg laying and reduced pharyngeal pumping. Genetic analysis shows that GPB-2 interacts with the GOA-1 (homologue of mammalian Goα) and EGL-30 (homologue of mammalian Gqα) signaling pathways. GPB-2 is most similar to the divergent mammalian Gβ5 subunit, which has been shown to mediate a specific interaction with a Gγ-subunit-like (GGL) domain of RGS proteins. We show here that GPB-2 physically and genetically interacts with the GGL-containing RGS proteins EGL-10 and EAT-16. Taken together, our results suggest that GPB-2 works in concert with the RGS proteins EGL-10 and EAT-16 to regulate GOA-1 (Goα) and EGL-30 (Gqα) signaling.
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Ito, E., N. Nomura, and R. Narayanan. "Transcriptional regulation of early growth response genes in FOS-expressing PC-12 cells." Cell Regulation 1, no. 4 (March 1990): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.1.4.347.
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Deregulated c-fos expression in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12, causes pronounced downregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced c-fos and c-jun activation, accompanied by a block in NGF-induced differentiation of PC-12 cells. The FOS-expressing PC-12 cells were exposed to diverse agents such as NGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (db cAMP), and Ca-ionophore; and the expression of egr-1, c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, and jun-D was analyzed. Pronounced downregulation of c-fos, c-jun, and--to a lesser extent--jun-B was observed on treatment with NGF, bFGF, db cAMP, and Ca-ionophore, whereas EGF-induced activation of these early response genes was not inhibited in FOS-expressing PC-12 cells. Ca-ionophore- and db cAMP-induced egr-1 activation in PC-12 fos cells was completely inhibited. Both parent and PC-12 fos cells expressed similar high basal levels of jun-D, whose expression was the least regulatable by all of these agents. Transfection of fos promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (promoter-CAT) plasmid into these stable FOS-expressing PC-12 cells revealed that these effects are exerted at the fos promoter level.
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Kamei, Noriko, and Charles G. Glabe. "Subtractive analysis of S. franciscanus and S. purpuratus ovary mRNA: what kinds of genes determine species-specificity?" Zygote 8, S1 (December 1999): S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400130333.
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Our goal is to identify and understand points of regulation in sperm–egg recognition as well as in steps of early development. These processes are species-specific and are the key to understanding speciation. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, the interaction of the sperm and egg displays a wide range of species-specificity. The questions we would like to answer are: What kinds of molecules determine the specificity and control the fertilisation process? Are early steps in development regulated in a species-specific manner?As an approach to identifying genes that determine species-specificity, in two different species, S. purpuratus (S. p.) and S. franciscanus (S. f.), we used a new subtractive hybridisation method known as RDA (representational difference analysis) (Lisitsyn et al., 1993; Hubank et al., 1994). Several species-specific clones were isolated from S. f. ovary mRNA by this method using mRNA from another species but the same genus of sea urchin, S. p. Four different clones were obtained and the species-specificity of the sequence was confirmed by hybridisation. One of them has four tandem EGF repeats and is homologous to the S. p. EGF-II gene (Yang et al., 1989) and A. crassispina EGIP (exogastrula inducing protein) gene (Ishihara et al., 1982). The first three EGF repeats (EGF 1–3) have 60% similarity among these species, but the fourth EGF domain (EGF 4) is highly divergent. The EGF-II protein is believed to be involved in the signalling events of early development, because purified EGF causes exogastrulation when it is added to the seawater prior to gastrulation (Ishihara et al., 1982). Recombinant EGF 3 from S. f. induces exogastrulation in both S. f. and S. p.
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Morita, A., Y. Nakayama, A. Horiuchi, I. Horiuchi, and H. Takada. "Stimulating peristalsis improves esophagogastric junction observation during sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy in children and adolescents." Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica 85, no. 1 (March 2022): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51821/85.1.9240.
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Background and study aims: Sedation impairs full visualization of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and Z line (the squamocolumnar junction) during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The aim of this study was to determine whether induction of esophageal peristalsis could improve the ability to evaluate the Z line in children and adolescents. Patients and methods: Study 1: Consecutive patients (10-15 years) undergoing EGD with propofol or midazolam sedation were enrolled. The proportion of Z line observed was compared between the two groups. Study 2: The effect of an air infusion near the EGJ following deflation of the stomach to induce esophageal peristalsis was investigated in the patients (15-18 years), undergoing EGD with propofol sedation. The proportion of Z line observed was compared between the stimulated group and control group. Results: Study 1: 149 patients were evaluated; 87 received propofol (43 boys; average age 13.2 years (range, 10-15)) and 62 received midazolam (30 boys; average age 12.8 years (range, 10-15)). The proportion of the Z line visualized was low but was greater with propofol vs. midazolam sedation (36.8% vs 16.1%, P=0.0059). Study 2: 102 patients were evaluated; 62 had induction of peristalsis (34 boys; average age 16.2 years (range, 15-18)) and 40 controls (20 boys; average age 16.8 years (range, 15-18)). Complete visualization of the Z line achieved in 95% (59 of 62) following induction of peristalsis vs. 37.5% (15 of 40) of controls (P<0.001). Conclusions: Induction of esophageal peristalsis greatly improved visualization of the Z line during sedated EGD in children and adolescents.
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Lajoso-Silva, Nuno, Pedro Bezerra, Bruno Silva, and José Maria Cancela Carral. "Firefighters Cardiorespiratory Fitness Parameters after 24 Weeks of Functional Training with and without Personal Protective Equipment." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2021-0008.
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Abstract Introduction Firefighters’ (FFs) cardiorespiratory fitness is considered an important capacity for workability. To successfully complete safety standards and rescue protocols, FFs are required to accomplish minimum values of relative VO2max. Physical fitness programs for FFs must take into consideration physiological demands, being essential not only for professional tasks but also as a guarantee of their personal safety. This research aimed to investigate the influence of specific functional training (FT) with and without personal protective equipment (PPE) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) on the FFs’ cardiorespiratory fitness. Material and methods Sixty FFs were randomly allocated in three groups (EG1 training with PPE+SCBA; EG2 training with regular fitness equipment and the control group) and enrolled for a 24-week (two sessions/week) FT intervention program. FFs were assessed in anthropometric and 12-minute Cooper test, pre and post-intervention. Results Both training groups demonstrated significant improvements from baseline to post intervention EG1 VO2max (39.8 ± 6.5ml.kg−1.min−1 and 41.2 ± 5.6ml.kg−1.min−1, p < 0.001, +3.5%; EG2 VO2max 41.5 ± 8.3ml.kg−1.min−1 and 42.5 ± 7.5ml.kg−1.min−1, p < 0.05, +2.4%). Conclusions The proposed FT intervention, considering the provided equipment in all fire departments, and even without running tasks, seems to be adequate for developing FFs’ VO2max. Regular FT with PPE+SCAB must be encouraged to improve adequate VO2max and fitness levels related to firefighting specific tasks.
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Awny, Islam, Elshimaa A. Mateen Mossa, Tasneem Mohammed Bakheet, Hany Mahmoud, and Amr Mounir. "Changes of Lacrimal Puncta by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography after Topical Combined Antibiotic and Steroid Treatment in Cases of Inflammatory Punctual Stenosis." Journal of Ophthalmology 2022 (January 24, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7988091.
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Purpose. To evaluate the role of medical treatment and assessing its effect on resolving epiphora and improving punctum size by high resolution AS-OCT imaging comparing punctal parameters in patients before and after treatment with topical combined antibiotic and steroid treatment in cases of inflammatory punctual stenosis. Patients and Methods. Double-blinded controlled randomized study which was conducted on two groups of patients who had acquired punctal stenosis and epiphora presented to Ophthalmology Clinics of Sohag University Hospitals in the period between Jan 2021 and April 2021. The study included 44 eyes of 50 subjects complaining of epiphora. They were divided into two groups, the epiphora group one (EG1) received eye drops containing combination of antibiotics and steroids (orchadexoline eye drops, each ml contains 5 mg chloramphenicol, 1 mg dexamethasone sodium phosphate, 0.25 mg tetryzoline hydrochloride, 2 mg hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 10 mg α-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E), and 8 mg macrogol 400), 5 times daily for the first week, three times daily for the next two weeks, and one time daily for another one week. The second epiphora group (EG2) received preservative-free artificial tears (sodium hyaluronate-, polyethylene-, and propylene glycol-based), three times daily for four weeks. The patients were examined before treatment, one week, one month, and one and half months later. Results. Both groups were comparable regarding mean age (49 ± 13 vs 53 ± 11 years, P value = 0.2) and sex (males were 38.6% vs 31.8%, female were 61.4% vs 68.2%, P value = 0.6), respectively, with no statistically significant difference between both groups. Both groups were comparable regarding outer punctual diameter and length between the puncti before treatment. Outer punctal diameters were (EG1 228 ± 113 um, EG2 241 ± 115 um, P value = 0.5). Length between the puncti were (EG1 129 ± 73 um, EG2 137 ± 72 um, P value = 0.6). There was marked improvement of the outer punctual diameter (EG1 373 um ± 92 um, EG2 240 ± 109 um, ( P value < 0.0001) and length between the puncti (EG1 217 ± 109 um, 136 ± 71 um ( P value < 0.0002)) during the follow-up period. EG1 showed more improvement than EG2 when compared during the follow-up period. Conclusions. Topical combined antibiotic and steroid treatment was an effective method in treating cases of inflammatory punctual stenosis as found by monitoring of punctal parameter changes by AS-OCT. AS-OCT was found to be a useful method for evaluation of the lacrimal punctal parameters especially with different treatment modalities in epiphora cases.
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Okhrimenko, Ivan М., Natalia A. Lyakhova, Valentyna V. Horoshko, Inha A. Serednytska, Svitlana S. Okhrimenko, Oleksandr L. Martenko, and Svitlana V. Sprynchuk. "MEANS OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS IMPROVEMENT OF FUTURE LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS IN THE PROCESS OF THEIR SPECIALITY TRAINING." Wiadomości Lekarskie 75, no. 4 (2022): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202204122.
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The aim: To investigate the influence of various means of professional training (firearms training, physical training) on the dynamics of psychophysiological indicators of future law enforcement officers. Materials and methods: The research involved 96 17-23-year-old cadets. Three groups were formed: control group (CG, n = 54), the cadets of which studied according to the current educational program; experimental group 1 (EG1, n = 22), the cadets of which additionally attended practical shooting sessions; experimental group 2 (EG2, n = 20), the cadets of which additionally attended training sessions in hand-to-hand combat. The following aspects were studied among psychophysiological indicators: distribution and concentration of attention, short-term memory, mental capacity, emotional stability, anxiety and psycho-emotional state. Results: It was found that the EG1 cadets revealed the most pronounced indicators of attention concentration, emotional stability and psycho-emotional state at the end of the research; the EG2 cadets showed the most prominent indicators of attention distribution, emotional stability and a low level of anxiety. The CG cadets also improved their psychophysiological indicators, but the level of most of them is significantly lower than that of the EG1 and the EG2 cadets. Conclusions: The results of the research confirmed the high efficiency of firearms and physical training means to improve the psychophysiological indicators of future law enforcement officers in the process of their training. The high level of these indicators will ensure their effective performance of service tasks in the process of their future professional activities.
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Merchant, J. L., B. Demediuk, and S. J. Brand. "A GC-rich element confers epidermal growth factor responsiveness to transcription from the gastrin promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 5 (May 1991): 2686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.5.2686-2696.1991.
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Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha are important determinants of mucosal integrity in the gastrointestinal tract, and they act both directly and indirectly to prevent ulceration in the stomach. Consistent with this physiological role, EGF stimulates transcription of gastrin, a peptide hormone which regulates gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth. EGF stimulation of gastrin transcription is mediated by a GC-rich gastrin EGF response element (gERE) (GGGGCGGGGTGGGGGG) which lies between -54 and -68 in the human gastrin promoter. The gERE sequence also confers weaker responsiveness to phorbol ester stimulation. The gERE sequence differs from previously described EGF response elements. The gERE DNA sequence specifically interacts with a GH4 DNA-binding protein distinct from previously described transcription factors (Egr-1 and AP2) which bind GC-rich sequences and mediate transcriptional activation by growth factors. Furthermore, the gERE element does not bind the Sp1 transcription factor even though the gERE sequence contains a high-affinity Sp1-binding site (GGCGGG).
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Merchant, J. L., B. Demediuk, and S. J. Brand. "A GC-rich element confers epidermal growth factor responsiveness to transcription from the gastrin promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 5 (May 1991): 2686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.5.2686.
Full textAbstract:
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha are important determinants of mucosal integrity in the gastrointestinal tract, and they act both directly and indirectly to prevent ulceration in the stomach. Consistent with this physiological role, EGF stimulates transcription of gastrin, a peptide hormone which regulates gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth. EGF stimulation of gastrin transcription is mediated by a GC-rich gastrin EGF response element (gERE) (GGGGCGGGGTGGGGGG) which lies between -54 and -68 in the human gastrin promoter. The gERE sequence also confers weaker responsiveness to phorbol ester stimulation. The gERE sequence differs from previously described EGF response elements. The gERE DNA sequence specifically interacts with a GH4 DNA-binding protein distinct from previously described transcription factors (Egr-1 and AP2) which bind GC-rich sequences and mediate transcriptional activation by growth factors. Furthermore, the gERE element does not bind the Sp1 transcription factor even though the gERE sequence contains a high-affinity Sp1-binding site (GGCGGG).
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Jessup, James V., Claydell Horne, Hossein Yarandi, and John Quindry. "The Effects of Endurance Exercise and Vitamin E on Oxidative Stress in the Elderly." Biological Research For Nursing 5, no. 1 (July 2003): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800403005001005.
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To examine the effects of exercise and vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress in older adults, 59 participants, age 76.3 ± 4.2 years, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: an exercise group taking placebos (EGP) or vitamin E (EGE) or a sedentary group taking placebos (SGP) or vitamin E (SGE). Measures included weight, VO2max, blood pressure (BP), and serum concentrations of vitamin E and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH). At the end of the 16-week trial, the EGP and EGE had significant increases in VO2 max and significant decreases in resting BP, weight, and LOOH concentrations (P < 0.05). The SGE had significant decreases in LOOH and BP (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the SGP (P > 0.05). The results suggest that endurance exercise in combination with vitamin E reduces oxidative stress, improves aerobic fitness, and reduces BP and weight in older adults. Even sedentary participants who take vitamin E may reduce oxidative stress and lower BP.
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Ellerbrock, Brenda R., Eileen M. Coscarelli, Mark E. Gurney, and Timothy G. Geary. "Screening for Presenilin Inhibitors Using the Free-Living Nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 9, no. 2 (March 2004): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057103261038.
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Caenorhabditis elegans contains 3 homologs of presenilin genes that are associated with Alzheimer s disease. Loss-of-function mutations in C. elegans genes cause a defect in egg laying. In humans, loss of presenilin-1 (PS1) function reduces amyloid-beta peptide processing from the amyloid protein precursor. Worms were screened for compounds that block egg laying, phenocopying presenilin loss of function. To accommodate even relatively high throughput screening, a semi-automated method to quantify egg laying was devised by measuring the chitinase released into the culture medium. Chitinase is released by hatching eggs, but little is shed into the medium from the body cavity of a hermaphrodite with an egg laying deficient ( egl) phenotype. Assay validation involved measuring chitinase release from wild-type C. elegans (N2 strain), sel-12 presenilin loss-of-function mutants, and 2 strains of C. elegans with mutations in the egl-36K+ channel gene. Failure to find specific presenilin inhibitors in this collection likely reflects the small number of compounds tested, rather than a flaw in screening strategy. Absent defined biochemical pathways for presenilin, this screening method, which takes advantage of the genetic system available in C. elegans and its historical use for anthelminthic screening, permits an entry into mechanism-based discovery of drugs for Alzheimer s disease. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2004:147-152)