Journal articles: 'Egyptian campaign'

1

Gillispie, Charles C. "The Scientific Importance of Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign." Scientific American 271, no. 3 (September 1994): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0994-78.

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Prusskaya, Evgenia. "Egyptian Campaign of Napoleon Bonaparte: Myths and Politics." ISTORIYA 11, no. 4 (90) (2020): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840009709-8.

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Nadali, Davide. "Esarhaddon's glazed bricks from Nimrud: The Egyptian campaign depicted." Iraq 68 (2006): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900001194.

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During his excavations “in the south-east corner of the mound” at Nimrud, ancient Kalhu, A. H. Layard discovered some fragments of painted bricks (1853b: 164–7; 1867: 52–7). These can be dated to Esarhaddon on the basis of both iconographic style and subject matter. Thanks to the name “Tell of Athur” reported in Layard's accounts, we can plausibly identify the location as the site of Fort Shalmaneser; unfortunately, Layard does not give a more precise location. Although we can assert that the fragments belong to Fort Shalmaneser at the time of its renovation by Esarhaddon in the seventh century BC, we are not able to define exactly the rooms or outer façade that these fragments originally decorated.Some hypotheses have been suggested as to the original location of the glazed bricks, either in the south-east corner of the inner south-east courtyard (Oates 1959: 111, fn. 20; Nunn 1988: 183) or in Courtyard T (Postgate and Reade 1976–80: 317; Oates and Oates 2001: 183–4) (Fig. 1), where they seem to have adorned an outer façade, either the façade of Throne Room T1 or that of Courtyard T, where Shalmaneser's glazed-brick panel was found lying in front of the doorway of ante-chamber T3 (Reade 1963: 38–47; Dayton 1978: PL 24,1).

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Wagemans, Marianne, and O. Paul Van Bijsterveld. "The French Egyptian campaign and its effects on ophthalmology." Documenta Ophthalmologica 68, no. 1-2 (January 1988): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00153596.

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Fox, Paul. "An unprecedented wartime practice: Kodaking the Egyptian Sudan." Media, War & Conflict 11, no. 3 (July 13, 2017): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635217710676.

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This article examines Kodak photographs made by participant soldiers and photographer–correspondents working in the field for the illustrated press during the concluding phase of the 1883–1898 campaign to defeat an Islamist insurgency in the Egyptian Sudan, whose leaders sought to create a regional caliphate. It explores how the presence of early generation portable cameras impacted on image making practices on British operations, and how aspects of campaign experience were subsequently represented in Kodak-derived photograph albums. With reference to graphic art and commercial photographic practices associated with Nile tourism and recent military activity in the Nile valley after 1882, the author argues, firstly, that the representation of combat was transformed by handheld photography and, secondly, that in the context of photographs of logistical activity and leisure, picturesque aesthetics were occluded by a ‘documentary’ mode of representation synonymous with the increasingly industrial nature of Western armed conflict. The article also calls attention to how photomechanical reproduction made possible the widespread availability of affordable albums for a public here identified as the readership of the illustrated general interest weeklies. More generally, the sheer number of photographs resulting from the use of Kodak technology prompted a more fluid use of montage-like techniques by album makers, for public and private use, including text and multiple image combinations, to build more dynamic visual narratives of experience on campaign than had hitherto been possible.

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Schmitz, Philip C. "The Phoenician Contingent in the Campaign of Psammetichus II Against Kush." Journal of Egyptian History 3, no. 2 (2010): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187416610x541745.

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AbstractGraffiti inscribed on seated figures of Rameses II at Abu Simbel concern participation by Greek, Carian, and Phoenician forces in the Nubian campaign of Psammetichus II in 593 B.C.E. This study considers the major Phoenician graffiti as primary sources. The Phoenician texts do not mention Psammetichus, but do place Amasis in a commanding role. The Phoenician claim to victory comports with the Egyptian claim. The Greek inscriptions illuminate the Phoenician narratives. Unsolved historical problems include: (1) the command structure; (2) whether Amasis in these texts is the later Pharaoh; and (3) the relationship between this campaign and a later expedition against Kush by Ahmose II in 529 B.C.E. Herodotus’ account of Phoenician settlement in Memphis gains clarity from Greek papyri, and Phoenician finds at two Egyptian sites are contemporary with the 593 B.C.E. campaign. The Phoenician contingent possibly fulfilled covenant obligations to Egypt, and Phoenician settlement in Memphis perhaps involved a compensatory land grant.

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Fantauzzo, Justin. "“Buried Alive”: Experience, Memory, and the Interwar Publishing of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Postwar Britain, 1915-1939." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 23, no. 2 (May 23, 2013): 212–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015794ar.

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Over 450,000 British soldiers fought as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Between 1915-1918, they fought their way across the Sinai Peninsula, into southern Palestine, captured Jerusalem, and overran the Turkish Army, leading to the surrender of the Ottoman Empire in October 1918. Despite being the war’s most successful sideshow, the Egypt and Palestine campaign struggled to gain popular attention and has largely been excluded from First World War scholarship. This article argues that returning soldiers used war books to rehabilitate the campaign’s public profile and to renegotiate the meaning of wartime service in interwar Britain. The result of sporadic press attention and censorship during the war, the British public’s understanding of the campaign was poor. Periodic access to home front news meant that most soldiers likely learnt of their absence from Britain’s war narrative during the war years. Confronting the belief that the campaign, prior to the capture of Jerusalem, was an inactive theatre of war, British soldiers refashioned themselves as military labourers, paving the road to Jerusalem and building the British war machine. As offensive action intensified, soldiers could look to the past to provide meaning to the present. Allusions to the campaign as a crusade were frequently made and used to compete with the moral righteousness of the liberation of Belgium.

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Акимов, Сергий. "Palestinian Campaign of the Egyptian Pharaoh Susakim in the Bible and Extra-Biblical Sources." Библия и христианская древность, no. 4(8) (December 25, 2020): 138–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/bca.2020.8.4.007.

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В статье рассматривается проблема сопоставления библейских данных о походе фараона Сусакима на Иерусалим при иудейском царе Ровоаме с древнеегипетскими сведениями о военном походе в Палестину фараона Шешонка. Решение данной проблемы имеет особое значение, поскольку поход в Палестину Сусакима является первой библейской историей, которая может иметь прямое соответствие во внебиблейских источниках. В статье анализируются особенности библейского сообщения о данном походе, свидетельства Иосифа Флавия, рассматриваются различные подходы современных западных учёных к реконструкции истории похода фараона Шешонка, описанного на портале Бубастидов в Карнакском храме. Изучение библейских и внебиблейских данных о военном походе Шешонка поднимает принципиальный вопрос о том, как следует относиться к историческим событиям, описанным в Библии. The article discusses the problem of comparing the biblical data on the campaign of Pharaoh Susakim to Jerusalem under the Jewish king Rehoboam and ancient Egyptian infor mation about the military campaign in Palestine of Pharaoh Sheshonk. The solution to this prob lem is of particular importance, since a Susakim’s campaign to Palestine is the first history of the Bible, which can be directly correlated in extrabiblical sources. The article analyzes the features of the biblical message about this campaign, the testimony of Josephus Flavius, discusses vari ous approaches of modern Western scholars to reconstructing the history of the campaign of the Pharaoh Sheshonok, described on the Bubastid portal in the Karnak Temple. A study of the bibli cal and extrabiblical data on the military campaign of Sheshonka raises the fundamental ques tion of how to perceive the historical events described in the Bible.

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Karbal, Mohamed. "Western Scholarship and the Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World." American Journal of Islam and Society 10, no. 1 (April 1, 1993): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v10i1.2523.

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During the last two decades, the politics of certain Arab countrieshave been influenced by various Islamic groups. Some of these groupshave expressed their dissatisfaction with the performances of theirgovernments by Using the available political channels to seek change;others have resorted to violence. Armed protests have taken the form ofbombings, assassinations, and mass demonstrations.Suicide attacks and armed struggle took place against Israeli, American,and French forces in Lebanon (1982-83). President Sadat of Egyptwas assassinated in 1981 by Egyptian military pemnnel who were membersof an Islamic movement. Another armed struggle against the Syrianregime was initiated by the Syrian Islamic Front in 1976-82. Numerousdemonsttations against the governments of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisiatook place during the 1980s.Other Muslim groups attempted to participate in the decision-makingprocess in their countries. The Society of Muslim Brothers in Egypt encouragedits prominent members to run for election to the Egyptian Parliament.However, the Society was not considered a legal party accordingto Egyptian law. The Wafd, a legitimate party, allowed the Society ofMuslim Brothers to campaign under their banner. As a result, membersof the Society voted in accordance with their ideological and political beliefsrather than the Wafd party line. In Jordan, the Society of MuslimBrothem campaigned as an independent party during the 1988 electionsand won twenty percent of the seats.Due to the Arab countries’ economic and strategic importance, variousgovemments, scholars, and private and public organizations have paid closeattention to these incidents. In an attempt to understand this phenomenon,academic conventions have been held, books and articles have been published,and gmnts have been awarded for research. Western and Arabscholars have described it with such labels as Islamic fundamentalism,revivalism, awakening, reformism, resurgence , renewal, militancy, or simply ...

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Kahn, Dan'el. "Some Remarks on the Foreign Policy of Psammetichus II in the Levant (595–589 B.C.)." Journal of Egyptian History 1, no. 1 (2008): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187416608784118811.

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AbstractSince it is commonly held that Psammetichus II abstained from aggressive activity against Babylonia, I want to reconsider his policy (595-589 B.C.) toward the Levant and the Babylonian Empire. No new data exists, leaving us only the (re)interpretation of the facts. In this article I shall review: 1. The Babylonian presence and activity in the Levant; 2. The anti-Babylonian conference in the fourth year of Zedekiah, King of Judah (most probably 593 B.C.); 3. Alleged Judean involvement in Psammetichus II's campaign against Kush; 4. Psammetichus II's campaign to Kush in his third year of reign (593 B.C.); 5. The Effect of the Egyptian Campaign to Kush on the Levant; 6. The campaign of Psammetichus to the land of Kharu in his fourth regnal year.

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Cvikel, Deborah, and Haim Goren. "Where are Bonaparte's siege cannon? An episode in the Egyptian campaign." Mediterranean Historical Review 23, no. 2 (December 2008): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09518960802528803.

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Kingsepp, Eva. "The Second World War, Imperial, and Colonial Nostalgia: The North Africa Campaign and Battlefields of Memory." Humanities 7, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h7040113.

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The article addresses the function of (post)colonial nostalgia in a context of multidirectional memory (Rothberg 2009) in contemporary Europe. How can different cultural memories of the Second Word War be put into respectful dialogue with each other? The text is based on a contrapuntal reading (Said 1994) of British and Egyptian popular narratives, mainly British documentary films about the North Africa Campaign, but also feature films and novels, and data from qualitative interviews collected during ethnographic fieldwork in Alexandria and Cairo, Egypt, during visits 2013–2015. The study highlights the considerable differences between the British and Egyptian narratives, but also the significant similarities regarding the use and function of nostalgia. In addition, the Egyptian narrative expresses a profound cosmopolitan nostalgia and a longing for what is regarded as Egypt’s lost, modern Golden Age, identified as the decades before the nation’s fundamental change from western-oriented monarchy to Nasser’s Arab nationalist military state. The common elements between the two national narratives indicate a possibly fruitful way to open up for a shared popular memory culture about the war years, including postcolonial aspects.

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Nagy, Nahla. "The Egyptian revolution seen through the eyes of a psychiatrist." International Psychiatry 9, no. 3 (August 2012): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600003210.

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The 2011–12 Egyptian revolution (thawret 25 yanãyir, revolution of 25 January) took place following a popular uprising that began on Tuesday 25 January 2011 and is still continuing. The uprising was mainly a campaign of nonviolent civil resistance. In this revolution the participants have proved that if resistance begins with sincerity and unity, it may yet achieve victory.

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Nagy, Nahla. "The Egyptian revolution seen through the eyes of a psychiatrist." International Psychiatry 9, no. 3 (August 2012): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1749367600003210.

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The 2011–12 Egyptian revolution (thawret 25 yanãyir, revolution of 25 January) took place following a popular uprising that began on Tuesday 25 January 2011 and is still continuing. The uprising was mainly a campaign of nonviolent civil resistance. In this revolution the participants have proved that if resistance begins with sincerity and unity, it may yet achieve victory.

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Carruthers, William. "Records of Dispossession: Archival Thinking and UNESCO's Nubian Campaign in Egypt and Sudan." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 287–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00015_1.

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Abstract This article discusses the creation of architectural and archaeological archives in newly independent Egypt and Sudan during the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia, organized by UNESCO (The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization). This initiative took place in the contiguous border regions of Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia from 1960 until 1980 in response to the building of the Aswan High Dam. Contingency in these archives demonstrates the necessity of acknowledging the (post-) colonial social and historical conditions in which they were produced. UNESCO's campaign sought to record ancient remains that would be submerged by the High Dam's floodwaters. During the campaign, UNESCO set up 'documentation centres' that helped codify what knowledge about Nubian architecture/archaeology might be archive-worthy, producing index cards dedicated to this purpose in Egypt (concentrating on monuments) and Sudan (centring on archaeological sites). This practice ‐ echoed by other organizations involved in the work ‐ was often purposefully forgetful of contemporary Nubia, whose material traces were also soon to be flooded. Nevertheless, such practices rendered visible other unauthorised histories of Nubia that subverted archival knowledge production: histories of local involvement with the campaign and now-submerged Nubian settlements. This article therefore argues that it is not only possible, but also ethically imperative, to repurpose the Nubian campaign's archives towards the acknowledgement of erased Nubian histories.

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Zurinaga Fernández-Toribio, Salomé. "Rescue Archaeology and Spanish Journalism: The Abu Simbel Operation." AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology 3 (January 6, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/ap.v3i0.29.

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Building Aswan Dam brought an unprecedented campaign to rescue all the affected archaeological sites in the region. Among them, Abu Simbel, one of the Egyptian icons, whose relocation was minutely followed by the Spanish press. This paper analyzes this coverage and its impact in Spain, one of the participant countries.

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Rizzo, Helen, Anne Price, and Katherine Meyer. "Anti-Sexual Harrassment Campaign in Egypt." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.17.4.q756724v461359m2.

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This article analyzes how, for the decade before the Arab Spring, the Egyptian Center for Women's Rights (ECWR) promoted women's issues and sustained its campaign against widespread sexual harassment in Egypt. The article also reviews ECWR's activities after the mass mobilizations of the January 25th revolution. In authoritarian states, the risks inherent in challenging the regime decrease the probability that challenges will ever emerge or, if they do, continue for any significant duration. ECWR's prolonged campaign against sexual harassment, however, belies this observation. Analysis of the organization's activities provides an opportunity to examine elements that promote contentious claims making in high-risk, neopatriarchal environments. We found that the depth and strength of networks at the local level played a significant role. Also significant were ties with national and international group, which where were partly facilitated because of tourism's importance in Egypt. Through these ties, the ECWR leadership guided the organization toward increasingly promising outcomes in a unresponsive context. This case illuminates how, in the Middle East and elsewhere, civic organizations that focus on women's issues can navigate high-risk environments, whether due to neopatriarchal culture, authoritarian governance, or both.

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khamis, Faten. "Using Segmentation Strategy to Improve the Advertising Campaign For Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB)." Journal of Design Sciences and Applied Arts 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jdsaa.2021.31899.1062.

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Hill, Adam C. "‘The Battle for Abu Simbel’: Archaeology and Postcolonial Diplomacy in the UNESCO Campaign for Nubia." Journal of Contemporary History 56, no. 3 (April 17, 2021): 502–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009421997884.

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This essay examines the role and agency of British archaeologists in the discussions surrounding Egypt’s construction of the Aswan High Dam beginning in the late 1950s. The dam was conceived as a grand engineering project that would create new farmland and make Egypt self-sufficient in terms of its energy needs, but flooding caused by the dam threatened to destroy numerous archaeological sites along the Nile River on the border of Egypt and Sudan. With the blessing of the Egyptian and Sudanese governments, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) launched a complex rescue operation in 1960 with the goal of surveying the affected sites, in some cases removing entire structures to safe locations. Despite Britain’s initial reluctance—four years after the Suez crisis—to participate in a program that would benefit an avowedly hostile regime, British scientific expertise and private fundraising soon came to play an important role in UNESCO’s ‘Campaign for Nubia’. Using diplomatic papers and the records of various scientific bodies, I will argue that British participation in the UNESCO archaeological program was a crucial avenue for Anglo-Egyptian rapprochement during the 1960s and 1970s.

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Depuydt, Leo. "The Date of Piye's Egyptian Campaign and the Chronology of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 79 (1993): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3822177.

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Sheffy, Yigal. "Unconcern at dawn, surprise at sunset: Egyptian intelligence appreciation before the Sinai campaign, 1956." Intelligence and National Security 5, no. 3 (July 1990): 7–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684529008432062.

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Depuydt, Leo. "The Date of Piye's Egyptian Campaign and the Chronology of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 79, no. 1 (October 1993): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339307900125.

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This paper examines the chronology of the Nubian kings Piye, Shabaka, and Shabataka. The status of 712 BC as an ‘anchor date’ for the period is challenged and a ‘minimal chronology’, based on the highest known regnal dates of these kings, is presented, yielding the dates 728–706 BC for the reign of Piye, 706–692 BC for that of Shabaka, and 692–690 BC for that of Shabataka. It is suggested that the absence of evidence positively refuting the minimal chronology, which is shorter than any dating ever accepted or assumed for the earlier part of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, shows how uncertain the period's chronology remains and that there may be room for a lower chronology.

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Breene, Morgan L. "Outfitting the country boats as gunboats: indigenous vessels and the Egyptian campaign, 1798–1802." Journal for Maritime Research 20, no. 1-2 (July 3, 2018): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21533369.2018.1528718.

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Tchoudinov, Alexander. "« The well-forgotten old »: new French editions on the history of Bonaparte’s Egyptian campaign." Annual of French Studies 53 (2020): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/0235-4349-2020-1-53-293-313.

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Al-Awadi, Hesham. "Mubarak and the Islamists: Why Did the “Honeymoon” End?" Middle East Journal 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/194034605783996934.

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This article argues that the reasons behind Egyptian President Husni Mubarak's policy changes towards moderate Islamists was based on their ability to provide social services via an organized network of contacts. The outcome of this was that Islamists gained informal legitimacy from society but not from the state. This legitimacy was politicized to impel the state officially to recognize the Islamists, but instead of conceding to Islamist pressures, the state launched an offensive campaign to uproot their influence.

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Kadivar, Mohammad Ali, and Neil Ketchley. "Sticks, Stones, and Molotov Cocktails: Unarmed Collective Violence and Democratization." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 4 (January 1, 2018): 237802311877361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023118773614.

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The literature on civil resistance finds that nonviolent campaigns are more likely to succeed than violent insurgencies. A parallel literature on democratization poses mass mobilization as exogenous to political liberalization. Contributing to both literatures, we propose the category of unarmed collective violence to capture an empirically recurring form of unruly collective action used by civilians and then use a mixed methods research design to examine its impact on democratization. An event history analysis finds that riots are positively associated with political liberalization in 103 nondemocracies from 1990 to 2004. Attacks by civilians on police stations during the January 25 Egyptian Revolution illustrate one way in which unarmed collective violence can bring about a democratic breakthrough. A qualitative examination of all 80 democratic transitions held between 1980 and 2010 also reveals the salience of unarmed collective violence by civilian forces. These findings contribute to research on the dynamics of contentious democratization and suggest that remaining unarmed may be more consequential for a democracy campaign than adhering to nonviolence.

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Anderson, Jeremy. "Intersecting arcs of mobilisation: The transnational trajectories of Egyptian dockers’ unions." European Urban and Regional Studies 20, no. 1 (January 2013): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776412459862.

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This commentary explores the development of Egypt’s dockers’ unions since February 2011 in terms of two interlinked trajectories. On the one hand, the Egyptian revolution has provided the primary impetus for dockers’ industrial activism, as, like many other workers throughout Egypt, they have taken advantage of the political space suddenly opened up. However, although the Egyptian revolution may seem the most obvious driving force behind the growth of unions on the country’s docks, these advances also conform to a regional pattern. Since 2007 a campaign by the International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) has seen new unions formed and collective bargaining rights won in many ports across the region, including in Bahrain, Jordan and Morocco. It is argued that the technical and industrial resources made available through the ITF’s activities and networks have, therefore, played an important role. The uncertain political environment in Egypt, however, threatens to stunt both the growth of independent unions, and curtail the support they receive from the international labour movement.

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Panayiotou, Maria. "The Role of Cyprus in the Arabi Revolt and the Resulting Egyptian Campaign of 1882." European History Quarterly 40, no. 2 (March 31, 2010): 266–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691410358837.

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Panov, Maxim, and Andrii Zelinskyi. "Statue of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Villa Albani 558): Study of the Inscription and Problem of the Dating." Studies in Ancient Art and Civilisation 23 (December 31, 2019): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/saac.23.2019.23.08.

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The article presents a newly commented translation of the hieroglyphic inscription on the statue of Ptolemy II Philadelphos from Bubastis, created several years after a countrywide Egyptian cult dedicated to Arsinoe II had been established. A new interpretation of the text provides evidence for Ptolemy II erecting an additional statue in honor of his deceased sister, and adds one more spelling of Arsinoe’s name based on the wordplay ‘Arsinoe = his sister’ to the already known variants. A victorious military journey to the coastal settlements of Asian countries at the beginning of the Second Syrian War (259-257 BCE), accordingly provides an opportunity to reconsider and improve the current reconstruction of the military activities. The historical source under discussion along with the papyri from Zenon’s archive and other Egyptian documents dating to the same period not only show quite clearly that Ptolemy himself took part in that campaign, but also enables the correct dating of the end of the war to the spring of 257 BCE.

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Feldman, Marian H. "Nineveh to Thebes and back: Art and politics between Assyria and Egypt in the seventh century BCE." Iraq 66 (2004): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002108890000173x.

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In 671 BCE, Esarhaddon advanced south from the Levant and attacked Egypt, sacking Memphis. About seven years later, in response to repeated Kushite uprisings and following an initial campaign into Lower Egypt, Ashurbanipal's army reinvaded Egypt, marching as far as Thebes where, according to Assyrian accounts, the temples and palaces were looted and their treasures brought back to Nineveh. The Assyrians had been in conflict with Egypt for some time, but these clashes had always taken place in Western Asia, where the two states fought for control and influence over the small Levantine kingdoms. Not until Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal did Assyria penetrate into the heart of Egypt, attacking its two traditional capitals of Memphis and Thebes. This period of intensified antagonism, along with its consequence — increasingly direct contact with Egyptian culture — brought into greater focus Assyria's relationship to the Egyptian imperial tradition. I would like to propose here that Assyrian royal ideology, as expressed in art, developed in part out of an awareness of and reaction to the great imperial power of New Kingdom Egypt, in particular that of the Ramesside period of the thirteenth and early twelfth centuries. Indeed, it is more the reaction against Egyptian tradition that seems to have stimulated what we understand as characteristic and distinctive of Assyrian art, but at the same time, even these elements may owe some inspiration to Egypt. In this way, the New Kingdom Egyptian empire served as both precedent and “other” for Assyria, which began to develop its own imperialist ideology during the contemporaneous Middle Assyrian period.

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Halperin, Charles J. "The Kipchak connection: the Ilkhans, the Mamluks and Ayn Jalut." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 63, no. 2 (January 2000): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00007205.

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In 1260 an army of Egyptian Mamluks, led by Sultan Qutuz, defeated a Mongol army from the Ilkhanate led by Ketbugha, at the battle of Ayn Jalut (Ain Jalut), ‘Goliath's Well’, in Palestine. Because this campaign marked the furthest advance of the Mongols in the Middle East, scholars have paid considerable attention to its military and political significance. However, one potential aspect of Ilkhanid-Mamluk relations has only been mentioned casually; examination of the role and image of the Kipchaks in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries may illustrate a much broader feature of the history of the Mongol Empire and its successor states.

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Kobishchanov, Taras. "The Russian-French confrontation in the Middle East during the Egyptian campaign of Bonaparte 1798–1801." Annual of French Studies 1 (2019): 148–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/0235-4349-2019-1-52-148-171.

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al-Awadi, Hesham. "A struggle for legitimacy: the Muslim Brotherhood and Mubarak, 1982–2009." Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 214–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910902854015.

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This article argues that Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak's policy changes towards the Muslim Brotherhood were based on their ability to effectively challenge the legitimacy of the regime. This rested on the Islamists’ ability to provide social services via a well-organized structure and network of contact with the ultimate result being that the Muslim Brotherhood garnered a de facto societal legitimacy, if not an official one from the state. In the 1990s, this social Islamist legitimacy was politicized and employed to impel the state to officially recognize the banned Islamists. However, instead of conceding to Islamist pressures, the state launched an offensive campaign to uproot their influence.

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Lohiniva, Anna L., Mohamed Saeed, Nasr El-Sayeed, and Maha Talaat. "Clean Hands: Prevention of Typhoid Fever in Rural Communities in Egypt." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 28, no. 3 (October 2008): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/iq.28.3.d.

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Typhoid fever is a serious public health problem in Egypt. Effective prevention strategies include the promotion of handwashing. This study explores factors that influence handwashing practices in the Egyptian setting and makes recommendations on how to use this information in a handwashing campaign. In addition to key informant interviews, 16 focus group discussions and 21 in-depth interviews were carried out with female respondents in three different rural sites. The data was analyzed by using content analysis technique. The findings showed that the concept of dirt ( microbaat and talaus) influences hygiene behavior as it relates to the outside (i.e., real and visible things). The respondents have low risk perceptions related to typhoid fever and they do not conceptualize long disease transmission chains. The scarcity of water and problems with disposal of waste water hinder handwashing. These findings were incorporated into a pilot campaign to promote handwashing using strategies that included the visualization of germs in critical areas during critical times, discussions of germ theory, and encouragement to solve environmental and infrastructural constraints that hinder handwashing practices at the household level.

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Pirelli, Rosanna. "Manqabad: A Crucial Satellite of Ancient Asyut. A Preliminary Outline Through the Archaeological Data." Annali Sezione Orientale 79, no. 1-2 (May 16, 2019): 79–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685631-12340072.

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Abstract The Italian-Egyptian project at the Monastery of Abba Nefer at Manqabad started in 2011. The first three campaigns, carried out between 2011 and 2013, were actually brief surveys, strongly affected by the political instability of the country. During these surveys, the mission identified most of the structures already brought to light and recorded by previous investigations. Finally, during the campaign of autumn 2014, it was possible to work longer and to start the topographical survey and the investigation of the numerous structures still extant on the site. During the same season, the study of the previously discovered findings was also started. By analysing the two inventories kept in El-Ashmunein and Asyut (Shutb), it was possible to determine the number and nature of all the finds and their conservation status. Comparing the archaeological observations on the site and the studies of these last years on the finds (especially ceramics, and architectural elements) and on some written sources, this paper presents a synthesis of the results achieved so far, with a new focus on the pre-Christian phases. These results lead us to rethink and partially reformulate the articulation of the project and to broaden its final objectives.

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Abdelmonem, Angie. "Reconceptualizing Sexual Harassment in Egypt: A Longitudinal Assessment of el-Taharrush el-Ginsy in Arabic Online Forums and Anti-Sexual Harassment Activism." Kohl: A Journal for Body and Gender Research 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36583/kohl/1-1/.

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This paper examines shifting conceptualizations of sexual harassment, or el-taḥarrush el-ginsy, in Egypt. Through longitudinal data from online Arabic discussion boards and blog sites, as well as insights from interviews and participant observation of anti-sexual harassment organizations, it explores the range of meanings evident in the use of the term taḥarrush. A comparative approach was employed to assess changes in Egyptian discourses with those taking place across the region. Online data was collected using the search terms “taḥarrush ginsy” and “taḥarrush.” Google served as the primary search engine to locate discussion and blog posts from the years 2000-2012. Through this method, 233 unique posts were identified focused on el-taḥarrush el-ginsy. The data showed overwhelming public concern in the region about the molestation and rape of children until 2006. In October 2006, a shift occurred in Egyptian posts, tied to the Eid mob sexual harassment that took place in downtown Cairo. From that point on, taḥarrush in Egypt signified the sexual harassment of women in public space. Prior to the Eid mob sexual harassment event, the Egyptian Center for Women’s Rights had begun a campaign to end everyday sexual harassment in the streets, which it called taḥarrush. Following the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, this activism continued with independent initiatives focused on community-based work, such as HarassMap. Throughout this time, the discourse was complicated by the connection of taḥarrush to more violent forms of sexual assault and rape, which was further evident following the Revolution. This connection of taḥarrush with more sexually violent practices aligns with prior meanings of taḥarrush, but it has also contributed to public resistance to the idea that taḥarrush signifies everyday sexual harassment that anti-sexual harassment initiatives seek to establish.

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Ahmed Zaki, Hind. "Law, Culture, and Mobilization: Legal Pluralism and Women’s Access to Divorce in Egypt." Muslim World Journal of Human Rights 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mwjhr-2016-0022.

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AbstractScholarship on personal status law systems in Muslim-majority countries stresses the challenges facing women’s rights activists seeking to reform family laws. Yet, little research is done on how Islamic family law systems, being inherently pluralistic, could enable activists to challenge hegemonic hermeneutical understandings of Islam. This article draws from a qualitative study of a decade and a half long campaign to reform divorce laws in Egypt to argue that dual legal systems, like the Egyptian one, enabled women’s rights activists to push forward novel hybrid rights claims, despite the structural and discursive constraints they faced. Grounding those claims in the context of Egypt’s pluralistic family law system and shrewdly negotiating multiple legal orders, including alternative interpretations of Islamic Shari’a and national codes, women’s rights activists successfully utilized the cultural power of legal pluralism. The success of this campaign demonstrates the ways in which the institutional and discursive dimensions of a pluralistic family law system in Egypt provided a surprising resource for reform. On a theoretical level, the case study presented in this article highlights the complex legacy and consequences of legal pluralism on women’s rights within culturally and politically constrained settings.

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Aly, Hassan Y. "Demographic and socioeconomic factors affecting infant mortality in Egypt." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 4 (October 1990): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200001885x.

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SummaryThis paper analyses the relative importance of demographic and socioeconomic factors with respect to their role in reducing infant mortality in Egypt.Logit analyses of data from a nationally representative sample of Egyptian households, and for urban and rural households separately, indicate that demographic factors have more effect on infant mortality than socioeconomic factors. The results also show the need to improve housing in urban areas and sewerage systems in rural areas in order to reduce infant mortality. One of the most important policy conclusions, however, concerns the importance of providing a vigorous educational campaign to enlighten mothers and prospective mothers in both rural and urban areas on the positive effects of breast-feeding, longer birth intervals, and fewer children on the survival of infants.

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Aly, Wael Omran. "Lean Six Sigma Methodology: The Nub to Boost the Public Healthcare System in Egypt." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i1.16028.

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For many decades, the Egyptian people have suffered from deplorable public healthcare service featured by indolence, malfunction and traditionalism. Although, healthcare is a distinctive service industry concerning various complicated responsibilities; but the consecutive government of Egypt had badly handled such issue. Then, the apathetic performance of the public healthcare service becomes a dilemma for the people of Egypt; especially the poor among them. Therefore, the foundation of an adequate public healthcare service system, that respect the dignity of the people and respond to their arising health care needs; was frequently on the agenda priorities of the Egyptian governments after the 2011 and 2013 uprisings. Hence recently, the government -after reaching political and economic stability- seeks to build an ambitious newly public health care system to meet the expectation of the people to acquire high standard inexpensive and hasty public healthcare services. Consequently, in order to realize such aim; the Egyptian government had established the public agency for accreditation and quality control according to law no.2 of comprehensive healthcare insurance system issued at 2018. Then, it urges a national campaign to reform the public healthcare sector and to develop the efficacy and quality of its services. Hence, this paper aims to propose how the public healthcare organizations in Egypt can tackle various challenges and enhance adequately its capabilities; in order to be able to adopt the proposed Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology effectively; which can then provide an adequate framework for creating organized improvement exertions in healthcare; necessary to bestow guidelines on how to manage a quality service system to patient satisfaction by decreasing waste, variation and work disparity in the service processes.

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Alexander, Jeffrey C. "The arc of civil liberation." Philosophy & Social Criticism 39, no. 4-5 (April 4, 2013): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453713477349.

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Despite anxieties about the growing power of neo-liberalism, the crisis of the EU and the upsurge of right-wing political movements, it is important to recognize that utopian movements on the left have also in recent years been symbolically revitalized and organizationally sustained. This article analyses three recent social upheavals as utopian civil society movements, placing the 2008 US presidential campaign of Barack Obama, the Egyptian uprising in Tahrir Square and the Occupy Movement in the USA inside the narrative arc that began with the non-violent democratic uprisings against authoritarian governments four decades earlier. In this new utopian surge, however, there is an unprecedented connection of eastern and western impulses, demonstrating that the tide of democratic thought and action is hardly confined to Judeo-Christian civilizations.

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Singer, Itamar. "Merneptah's Campaign to Canaan and the Egyptian Occupation of the Southern Coastal Plain of Palestine in the Ramesside Period." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 269 (February 1988): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1356946.

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Kelly, Catherine. "Medicine and the Egyptian Campaign: The Development of the Military Medical Officer during the Napoleonic Wars c. 1798–1801." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 27, no. 2 (October 2010): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.27.2.321.

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El-Shinawi, Mohamed, Karim Osama Mohamed, Yousef Ahmed Fouad, Yara Mohamed Fahmy, Hadeel Abdulwahed Asar, Mohamed Gomaa Khalil, Lida Anestidou, Samer S. El-Kamary, and Mona Mostafa Mohamed. "Assessing the Awareness of Egyptian Medical Students about Responsible Conduct of Research and Research Ethics: Impact of an Educational Campaign." Accountability in Research 23, no. 4 (December 8, 2015): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2015.1127762.

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MacCallan, Michael. "Arthur Ferguson MacCallan CBE, MD, FRCS (1872–1955), trachoma pioneer and the ophthalmic campaign in Egypt 1903–1923." Journal of Medical Biography 26, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772016643540.

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Arthur Ferguson MacCallan was an ophthalmic surgeon who undertook his pioneering work in Egypt between 1903 and 1923. He established the Egyptian ophthalmic infrastructure which, on his departure, consisted of 23 operational hospital units, treating 134,000 new patients, having trained some 100 ophthalmic surgeons. He also established the Memorial Ophthalmic Laboratory at Giza which is still operational today. MacCallan became a world authority on trachoma. He pioneered the ‘MacCallan Classification’ which was the first grading system to standardise the stages of trachoma. He used this grading internally from 1905, continuing his research into trachoma over the ensuing years. In 1952, the WHO adopted the ‘MacCallan Classification’ as its standard. There has recently been a revival of interest in MacCallan’s work. First, the International Coalition for Trachoma Control (ICTC) inaugurated the ‘ICTC MacCallan Medal’ in 2014 as a contribution towards achieving the WHO’s target date for the Global Elimination of Blinding Trachoma (‘GET 2020’). Second, MacCallan’s work with the military hospitals has been recognised by Moorfields Eye Hospital on their World War I Commemorative History Board. Thus, MacCallan’s pioneering spirit, his humanitarian campaign for the relief of suffering and his accomplishments of over a century ago continue to resonate with the profession today.

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Smith, Charles D. "EFRAIM KARSH AND INARI KARSH, Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999). Pp. 419. $29.95 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 4 (November 2000): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002841.

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The subject of a promotional campaign by Harvard University Press, Empires of the Sand purports to challenge established scholarship with respect to the drawn-out demise of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1923. The Karshes argue that European imperialism was more benevolent than threatening and coexisted with Middle Eastern imperialisms—Ottoman, Egyptian, or Arab. In their view, European imperial powers “shored up” the Ottoman Empire rather than sought to deprive it of territories under its domain during the 19th century. To be sure, there was some European “nibbling at the edges of empire” (Algeria, Tunisia, Libya), but these incursions had little impact on the Ottomans; Cyprus (1878) is ignored. The only true “infringement on Ottoman territorial stability,” the British takeover of Egypt, happened by “chance not design,” with the blame attributed to Sultan Abdul Hamid's mismanagement of the crisis. The same story of Ottoman incompetence and attempts to manipulate European powers explains Ottoman loss of territory in the Balkans.

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Abd Elaziz, Khaled M., Sahar M. Sabbour, and Sahar A. Dewedar. "A measles and rubella (MR) catch-up vaccination campaign in an Egyptian University: Vaccine uptake and knowledge and attitudes of students." Vaccine 28, no. 47 (November 2010): 7563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.08.053.

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Krylov, Alexander Vladimirovich. "Terrorist Islamist Groups on the Sinai Peninsula." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 763–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-4-763-780.

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The article examines the illegal activities of terrorist Islamist groups in the Sinai Peninsula. Within the framework of this study, the main attention is focused on the analysis of those links that make up the modern structure of local takfiri jihadist organizations that oppose the secular government of Egypt and demand the establishment of an Islamic order in the country based on Sharia law. The author reveals the reasons that turned one of the most famous resort areas in the world into a hotbed of terrorism and Islamist extremism. After the destruction of the quasi-state structures of the so-called Islamic State in Syria and Lebanon, a significant part of its militants moved to hard-to-reach areas of the Sinai Peninsula. An extensive network of well-armed bandit formations was created here, which carried out hundreds of terrorist acts. On October 31, 2015, a Russian Airbus A320 belonging to the Kogalymavia campaign was blown up over the central part of the Sinai Peninsula. As a result of this plane 224 people were killed, and the Russian government was forced to interrupt air traffic with Egypt, as a result of which the Egyptian budget suffered multibillion-dollar losses. A significant part of the article is devoted to an analysis of the response measures taken by the current Egyptian government to eliminate hotbeds of terrorist threats in the Sinai and establish an effective security regime on the peninsula. At the same time, the author reveals all the shortcomings admitted by the authorities of the Arab Republic of Egypt during counter-terrorism operations. The article presents consolidated recommendations for the Russian state foreign affairs agencies that currently determine the level of security in the areas where Egyptian attractions and resorts are located and, therefore, the possibility of restoring in full the cooperation of the Russian Federation with Egypt in the tourism sector. The article may arouse the interest of all those who associate themselves with the Middle East scientific community, as well as those who are professionally involved in the problems of terrorism and the fight against terrorist threats and challenges in the region.

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Gagliano Candela, Rossella, Livia Lombardi, Alessandro Ciccola, Ilaria Serafini, Armandodoriano Bianco, Paolo Postorino, Lorella Pellegrino, and Maurizio Bruno. "Deepening Inside the Pictorial Layers of Etruscan Sarcophagus of Hasti Afunei: An Innovative Micro-Sampling Technique for Raman/SERS Analyses." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 19, 2019): 3403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183403.

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The Hasti Afunei sarcophagus is a large Etruscan urn, made up of two chalky alabaster monoliths. Dated from the last quarter of the third century BC, it was found in 1826 in the small town of Chiusi (Tuscany- Il Colle place) by a landowner, Pietro Bonci Casuccini, who made it part of his private collection. The noble owner’s collection was sold in 1865 to the Royal Museum of Palermo (today under the name of Antonino Salinas Regional Archaeological Museum), where it is still displayed. The sarcophagus is characterized by a complex iconography that is meticulously illustrated through an excellent sculptural technique, despite having subjected to anthropic degradation and numerous restorative actions during the last century. During the restoration campaign carried out between 2016 and 2017, a targeted diagnostic campaign was carried out to identify the constituent materials of the artefact, the pigments employed and the executive technique, in order to get an overall picture of conservation status and conservative criticalities. In particular, this last intervention has allowed the use of the innovative micro-sampling technique, patented by the Cultural Heritage research group of Sapienza, in order to identify the employee of lake pigments through SERS analyses. Together with this analysis, Raman and NMR technique have completed the information requested by restorers, for what concerns the wax employed as protective layers, and allowed to rebuild the conservation history of the sarcophagus. In fact, together with the identification of red ocher and yellow ocher, carbon black, Egyptian blue and madder lake, pigments compatible with the historical period of the work, modern pigments (probably green Paris, chrome orange, barium yellow, blue phtalocyanine) have been recognized, attributable with not documented intervention during the eighteenth and twentieth centuries.

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Bracci, Susanna, Donata Magrini, Rachele Manganelli del Fà, Oana Adriana Cuzman, and Barbara Mazzei. "Brightly Colored to Stay in the Dark. Revealing of the Polychromy of the Lot Sarcophagus in the Catacomb of San Sebastiano in Rome." Heritage 3, no. 3 (July 27, 2020): 858–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3030047.

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The Lot Sarcophagus is one of the most relevant funerary sculptures of late antiquity (mid-4th century AC). Some of the remarkable aspects are the following (i) it is still preserved in situ; (ii) most of the carved scenes are rarities or unicum; (iii) not all the sculpture work has been completed, which allows us to analyse the executive process; (iv) many traces of polychromy have remained. This paper is focused on the characterization of the residual polychromy by using in-situ non-invasive techniques. Furthermore, few micro samples were taken, to be analysed in laboratory to study the composition of some deposits and to define if a preparatory layer was present under the coloured layer. The data showed that the very rich polychromy of the Lot Sarcophagus was made of Egyptian blue, yellow ochre, and three different types of red: two inorganics (red ochre and cinnabar), and one organic-based (madder lake). Furthermore, some decorations, completely vanished and no longer visible to the naked eye, have been rediscovered, also providing details on the construction phases. During the project, the 3D model of the sarcophagus was acquired, which afterwards was used to map the results of the diagnostic campaign.

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Wood, Mary Mendenhall. "Dominique-Jean Larrey, Chief Surgeon of the French Army with Napoleon in Egypt: Notes and Observations on Larrey’s Medical Memoirs Based on the Egyptian Campaign." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 25, no. 2 (October 2008): 515–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.25.2.515.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Egyptian campaign'

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