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Journal articles on the topic 'Einstein’s coefficients'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Griem, Hans. "Comment on ‘‘Quenching of Einstein’s A coefficients by photons’’." Physical Review Letters 66, no. 4 (1991): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.66.521.

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2

Escalante, José María, and Alejandro Martinez. "Theoretical study about the relations among coefficients of stimulated emission, spontaneous emission and absorption in indirect bandgap semiconductor." Physica B 411 (November 29, 2012): 52–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2012.11.024.

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We show a theoretical study that permits us to obtain the relationship between the coefficients of stimulated emission, spontaneous emission and absorption in indirect bandgap semiconductors,including multiphoton and multiphonon processes.

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3

Soni, Sagar V., and A. H. Hasmani. "A geometric study of Vaidya metric." Journal of Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories 22, no. 1&2 (2024): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.47974/jdsgt-2023-002.

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Vaidya’s spacetime is the simplest non-static generalization of Schwarzschild’s solution to Einstein’s field equation. Vaidya metric represents radiating universe. With the aid of differential forms, various geometrical quantities related to Vaidya metric are obtained. We obtained the electrical parts of the Weyl tensor, it is found that they are related to the radial vector. We explored kinematic parameters in the terms of Ricci rotation coefficients. Also, we investigate behavior of general observer quantities at naked singularity r = 0.

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4

Lalneihpuii, R., and Raj Kumar Mishra. "Transport and Surface Properties of Liquid Metals using their Diffusion Data." Science & Technology Journal 4, no. 2 (2016): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2016.04.02.08.

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The atomic diffusion in liquid Na, K, Cs, Mg, Al, In and Pb have been evaluated from the well-known Einstein’s formula of self-diffusion coefficient, D  D  kBT ⎞ under square well (SW) interaction. The friction coefficient, ( of liquid    ⎝ ⎠ metals has been computed on the basis of Helfand-Rice-Nachtrieb approach under Helfand’s linear trajectory (LT) approximation. Shear viscosity of liquid metals were determined using modified Stokes-Einstein equation for SW potential. Dzugutov’s scaling was modified for SW interaction and has been employed to compute excess entropy of the considered l

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5

Lavenda, B. H. "On the Law of Equipartition for Translational Motion of Excited Molecules in Equilibrium with Thermal Radiation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 44, no. 4 (1989): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1989-0404.

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Abstract Einstein’s radiation theory consists of two parts: the derivation of Planck's radiation law from a physical mechanism of absorption and emission of radiation by excited molecules that are in thermal equilibrium with the radiation field and a demonstration of the validity of the law of equipartition of energy for the translational motion of the molecules. Several incongruities are observed: Einstein could not have legitimately substituted back into his dynamical equilibrium condition, valid at any finite temperature, a limiting condition between the coefficients of absorption and stimu

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6

Chaudhary, U., and G. C. Kaphle. "Molecular Dynamics Study of Peptide in Water at Different Temperature." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 9, no. 1 (2023): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v9i1.57601.

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Molecular dynamics approach has been carried out to study the structural properties of peptide to estimate the self-diffusion coefficients of water at different temperatures 290 K, 300 K, and 310 K respectively. The energy profiles show the stability of system which ensures a well-balanced molecular structure of the system. The radial distribution functions (RDFs) of the solvent-solvent, solute-solute, and solute-solvent show the distribution of system within the required references. The self-diffusion coefficients of water have been determined using respective mean square displacement (MSD) c

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7

Taylor, G. W. "The use of Einstein’s coefficients to predict the theory of operation of a semiconductor laser." Journal of Applied Physics 68, no. 7 (1990): 3122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346407.

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8

Bilyk, Stepan A., Vladimir A. Tverskoy, Alexander V. Chernyak, Irina A. Avilova, Nikita A. Slesarenko, and Vitaly I. Volkov. "Water Molecules’ and Lithium Cations’ Mobility in Sulfonated Polystyrene Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance." Membranes 13, no. 8 (2023): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080725.

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The hydration of ions and charge groups controls electro mass transfer through ion exchange systems. The self-diffusion and local mobility of water molecules as well as lithium cations in poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) and its lithium, sodium and cesium salts were investigated for the first time using pulsed-field gradient NMR (PFG NMR) and NMR relaxation techniques. The temperature dependences of the water molecule and Li+ cation self-diffusion coefficients exhibited increasing self-diffusion activation energy in temperature regions below 0 °C, which is not due to the freezing of parts of the

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9

Johnson, Erik, Sergei Prokofjev, Victor Zhilin, and Ulrich Dahmen. "Diffusional behavior of nanoscale lead inclusions in crystalline aluminum." International Journal of Materials Research 96, no. 10 (2005): 1171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2005-0202.

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Abstract In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations reveal a permanent chaotic motion of nanosized liquid Pb inclusions embedded in thin aluminum foils. Individual trajectories of the inclusions were analysed to determine the character of their motion. The inclusions moving freely inside a crystal display motion with three-dimensional random walk characteristics while inclusions attached to dislocations display spatially confined random motion localized to the close vicinity of the dislocation lines. The diffusion coefficients of inclusions moving freely in the matrix were det

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10

Ngari, Adamu Z., Y. H. Ngadda, and D. I. Malgwi. "Application of a New Mass-Energy Concept in the Computation of Atomic Nuclear Masses." Nigerian Journal of Physics 32, no. 4 (2024): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.62292/njp.v32i4.2023.129.

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In most literatures and scientific extrapolations, the Bethe-Weizsacker’s mass formula is dependent on Einstein’s relativistic mass-energy theory for calculations of nuclear masses, but the relativistic energy converting factor (speed of light) is only attributed to massless particle. Therefore, the method employed involves the conversion of the binding energy fitting coefficients by krane from mega electron volt to unified atomic mass unit (u) using Einstein relativistic mass-energy theory, Bahjat mass-energy relation and our new mass-energy concept. A close correlation can be observed betwee

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11

Romenski, E., I. Peshkov, M. Dumbser, and F. Fambri. "A new continuum model for general relativistic viscous heat-conducting media." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2170 (2020): 20190175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0175.

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The lack of formulation of macroscopic equations for irreversible dynamics of viscous heat-conducting media compatible with the causality principle of Einstein’s special relativity and the Euler–Lagrange structure of general relativity is a long-lasting problem. In this paper, we propose a possible solution to this problem in the framework of SHTC equations. The approach does not rely on postulates of equilibrium irreversible thermodynamics but treats irreversible processes from the non-equilibrium point of view. Thus, each transfer process is characterized by a characteristic velocity of pert

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12

Acharya, Khimananda, Rajendra Prasad Koirala, and Nurapati Pantha. "Diffusion of oxytocin in water: a molecular dynamics study." BIBECHANA 18, no. 1 (2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v18i1.29316.

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Classical molecular dynamics simulation is performed to estimate the diffusion coefficient of oxytocin in water at different temperatures, 288 K, 300 K, 313 K, 323 K, using GROningen Machine for Chemical Simulations (GROMOCS). The simulation is carried out using GROMOS43A1 force field and extended simple point charge (SPC/E) water model. The stability of the system is evaluated from energy profile of potential and kinetic energy, which assures well equilibrated molecular system. The self-diffusion coefficient of oxytocin and water is obtained from Einstein’s relation and binary diffusion coeff

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13

Mukhopadhyay, Ayan. "Understanding the holographic principle via RG flow." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 34 (2016): 1630059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16300593.

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This is a review of some recent works which demonstrate how the classical equations of gravity in AdS themselves hold the key to understand their holographic origin in the form of a strongly coupled large N QFT whose algebra of local operators can be generated by a few (single-trace) elements. I discuss how this can be realized by reformulating Einstein’s equations in AdS in the form of a nonperturbative RG flow that further leads to a new approach toward constructing strongly interacting QFTs. In particular, the RG flow can self-determine the UV data that are otherwise obtained by solving cla

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14

Hamber, Herbert W., and Lu Heng Sunny Yu. "Gravitational Fluctuations as an Alternative to Inflation II. CMB Angular Power Spectrum." Universe 5, no. 11 (2019): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5110216.

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Power spectra always play an important role in the theory of inflation. In particular, the ability to reproduce the galaxy matter power spectrum P ( k ) and the CMB temperature angular power spectrum C l ’s to high accuracy is often considered a triumph of inflation. In our previous work, we presented an alternative explanation for the matter power spectrum based on nonperturbative quantum field-theoretical methods applied to Einstein’s gravity, instead of inflation models based on scalar fields. In this work, we review the basic concepts and provide further in-depth investigations. We first u

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15

Gao, Jie, Chenlei Han, Tingyu Gao, Wenzhi Chang, Meng Huang, and Bo Qi. "Study on the diffusion characteristics of fault gases in oil-immersed transformers based on molecular dynamics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3043, no. 1 (2025): 012110. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3043/1/012110.

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Abstract Under abnormal operating conditions, oil-immersed electrical equipment releases multiple characteristic gases whose dissolution-state migration characteristics critically influence gas distribution patterns within insulating oil, providing essential references for equipment condition monitoring. Contemporary research predominantly focuses on integrated approaches combining experimental testing and computational modelling, yet conventional experimental protocols remain constrained by high costs and operational complexity, particularly encountering technical limitations in molecular-lev

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16

Melia, Fulvio. "A Candid Assessment of Standard Cosmology." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 134, no. 1042 (2022): 121001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/aca51f.

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Abstract Modern cosmology is broadly based on the Cosmological principle, which assumes homogeneity and isotropy as its foundational pillars. Thus, there is not much debate about the metric (i.e., Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker; FLRW) one should use to describe the cosmic spacetime. But Einstein’s equations do not unilaterally constrain the constituents in the cosmic fluid, which directly determine the expansion factor appearing in the metric coefficients. As its name suggests, ΛCDM posits that the energy density is dominated by a blend of dark energy (typically a cosmological constant, Λ

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17

Semrén, Philip. "Electromagnetic, Gravitational, and Plasma-Related Perturbations of Locally Rotationally Symmetric Class II Spacetimes." Universe 8, no. 8 (2022): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8080406.

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We investigate electromagnetic, gravitational, and plasma-related perturbations to the first order on homogeneous and hypersurface orthogonal locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) class II spacetimes. Due to the anisotropic nature of the studied backgrounds, we are able to include a non-zero magnetic field to the zeroth order. As a result of this inclusion, we find interesting interactions between the electromagnetic and gravitational variables already of the first order in the perturbations. The equations governing these perturbations are found by using the Ricci identities, the Bianchi identi

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18

ACCARDI, LUIGI. "NOISE AND DISSIPATION IN QUANTUM THEORY." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 02, no. 02 (1990): 127–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x90000065.

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A model independent generalization of quantum mechanics, including the usual as well as the dissipative quantum systems, is proposed. The theory is developed deductively from the basic principles of the standard quantum theory, the only new qualitative assumption being that we allow the wave operator at time t of a quantum system to be non-differentiable (in t) in the usual sense, but only in an appropriately defined (Sec. 5) stochastic sense. The resulting theory is shown to lead to a natural generalization of the usual quantum equations of motion, both in the form of the Schrödinger equation

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19

Allen, Les. "Are Einstein A coefficients constant?" Physics World 3, no. 1 (1990): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/3/1/18.

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20

Kulczakowicz, P., and M. Kolwas. "Influence of laser light on Einstein's branching coefficients." Optics Communications 113, no. 1-3 (1994): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(94)90593-2.

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21

Aumayr, F., W. Lee, C. H. Skinner, and S. Suckewer. "Quenching of Einstein coefficients by photons." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 24, no. 21 (1991): 4489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/24/21/005.

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22

Chen, Yong-Cong, and Joel L. Lebowitz. "Quenching of Einstein coefficients in plasmas." Physical Review A 41, no. 4 (1990): 2127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.41.2127.

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23

Hart, Murdock. "A Comparison of Einstein A Coefficients for OH Rotational Temperature Measurements Using a Large Astronomical Data Set." Atmosphere 10, no. 10 (2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100569.

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The Einstein A coefficients are considered to be a significant source of uncertainty in the measurement of OH rotational temperatures. Using simultaneous ground and spaced-based observations of OH emission, five sets of Einstein A coefficients were examined for their impact upon rotational temperature calculations. The ground-based observations are taken from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) instrument which is a high resolution, r = λ / Δ λ ≥ 20 , 000 , spectrograph operating in the H-band from approximately 1.5 to 1.7 μ m. APOGEE collected over one-hundred-

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24

Petkova, Petya, and Petko Vasilev. "CALCULATION OF THE EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS FOR CO DOPED (80 − x)Sb2O3−20Na2O−xWO3 (x% mol of WO3) GLASSES." Journal scientific and applied research 5, no. 1 (2014): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/jsar.v5i1.124.

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We have measured the absorption of the glasses (80−x)Sb2O3−20Na2O−xWO3 (x% mol of WO3) in the spectral regions 10 500 – 24 500 cm-1. The samples are doped with 0.05% mol of Co3O4 from x = 10% until x = 50%. The observed absorption band is due to the Co-impurity in the visible spectral region. This absorption band of glasses contains information about the exactly values of the Einstein coefficients which will be useful for their application in laser technologies.

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25

Franzen, Christoph, Patrick Joseph Espy, Niklas Hofmann, Robert Edward Hibbins, and Anlaug Amanda Djupvik. "Airglow Derived Measurements of Q-Branch Transition Probabilities for Several Hydroxyl Meinel Bands." Atmosphere 10, no. 10 (2019): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100637.

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Spectroscopic measurements of the hydroxyl (OH) airglow emissions are often used to infer neutral temperatures near the mesopause. Correct Einstein coefficients for the various transitions in the OH airglow are needed to calculate accurate temperatures. However, studies from some studys showed experimentally and theoretically that the most commonly used Einstein spontaneous emission transition probabilities for the Q-branch of the OH Meinel (6,2) transition are overestimated. Extending their work to several Δv = 2 and 3 transitions from v′ = 3 to 9, we have determined Einstein coefficients for

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26

Chenyakin, Yuri, Dagny A. Ullmann, Erin Evoy, Lindsay Renbaum-Wolff, Saeid Kamal, and Allan K. Bertram. "Diffusion coefficients of organic molecules in sucrose–water solutions and comparison with Stokes–Einstein predictions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 3 (2017): 2423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2423-2017.

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Abstract. The diffusion coefficients of organic species in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles are needed to predict the growth and reactivity of these particles in the atmosphere. Previously, viscosity measurements, along with the Stokes–Einstein relation, have been used to estimate the diffusion rates of organics within SOA particles or proxies of SOA particles. To test the Stokes–Einstein relation, we have measured the diffusion coefficients of three fluorescent organic dyes (fluorescein, rhodamine 6G and calcein) within sucrose–water solutions with varying water activity. Sucrose–wat

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27

Sturm, James E. "Grid of expressions related to the Einstein coefficients." Journal of Chemical Education 67, no. 1 (1990): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed067p32.

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28

Tomaschitz, Roman. "Einstein coefficients and equilibrium formalism for tachyon radiation." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 293, no. 1-2 (2001): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(00)00594-x.

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29

Stepanov, A. V. "Activation process model: Einstein coefficients for activation barrier." Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 805, no. 1-3 (2007): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theochem.2006.10.021.

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30

Sharma, A. K., and Suresh Chandra. "Einstein A-coefficients for rotational transitions in cyclopropenylidene." Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy 17, no. 1-2 (1996): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02709344.

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31

Arahira, Shin, Hitoshi Murai, and Hironori Sasaki. "Nonlinear version of Einstein coefficients in parametric conversions." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 34, no. 3 (2017): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.34.000527.

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32

B., N. GHOSH. "A modified Equation for the Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of the Strong Electrolytes and Quantitative Treatment of its B-Coefficient." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 63, Oct 1986 (1986): 889–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6302252.

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University College of Science, Calcutta-700 009 <em>manuscript received 2 December 1985, accepted 23 August 1986</em> Jones and Dole's equation for the viscosity of dilute solutions of the strong electrolytes has been modified in previous publications. The modified equation has been subjected to further test in this paper using a number of strong electrolytes and has been found satisfactory. An expression for the <em>B</em>-coefficient of the modified equation has been derived in <em>this </em>paper on the assumption that it should be identified with 2.5 \(\bar{\nabla}\) of the E

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33

Ferchichi, Olfa, Najoua Derbel, Alexander Alijah, and Philippe Rousselot. "Accurate Einstein coefficients for electric dipole transitions in the first negative band of N₂⁺." Astronomy & Astrophysics 661 (May 2022): A132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142869.

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Context. The N2+ fluorescence spectrum of comet C/2016 R2 is modelled in a companion paper. That work relies on accurate Einstein coefficients for electric dipole transitions between the B2∑u+ and X2∑g+ electronic states of N2+. Aims. These coefficients are provided in the present paper. Methods. The potential energy curves and transition dipole moments were computed at a high level of ab initio theory and include relativistic corrections. Rovibrational wavefunctions were then obtained without assuming separability of vibrational and rotational motions. Results. Vibrationally and rotationally

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34

Prasenjit, Debnath, та Ishwarchandra Ngangbam. "The Evaluation of the Rotating Metrics with a ̸= 0 from the Mass Function ˆM (u; r) with the reference to the Theory of General Relativity". Indian Journal of Science and Technology 15, № 5 (2022): 216–20. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v15i5.1560.

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ABSTRACT <strong>Objectives:</strong> With the reference to the Einstein’s theory of general relativity (1915), the evaluation of the rotating metrics such as Newman – Penrose Spin – Coefficients or NP Spin – Coefficients, the Ricci Scalars, the Weyl Scalars are designed with a ̸=0from the mass function or metric function &circ;M (u; r). <strong>Methods:</strong> The methods / analysis adapted are the theoretical and mathematical analysis on the Einstein’s theory of general relativity. <strong>Findings:</strong> The Newman – Penrose

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35

Wang, Qiuping A., and Alain Le Méhauté. "Nonextensive black-body distribution function and Einstein's coefficients A and B." Physics Letters A 242, no. 6 (1998): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00216-3.

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36

Miyamoto, Shuichi, and Kazumi Shimono. "Molecular Modeling to Estimate the Diffusion Coefficients of Drugs and Other Small Molecules." Molecules 25, no. 22 (2020): 5340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225340.

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Diffusion is a spontaneous process and one of the physicochemical phenomena responsible for molecular transport, the rate of which is governed mainly by the diffusion coefficient; however, few coefficients are available because the measurement of diffusion rates is not straightforward. The translational diffusion coefficient is related by the Stokes–Einstein equation to the approximate radius of the diffusing molecule. Therefore, the stable conformations of small molecules were first calculated by molecular modeling. A simple radius rs and an effective radius re were then proposed and estimate

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37

Suckewer, S. "Quenching of Einstein A coefficients in plasmas and lasers." Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics 3, no. 8 (1991): 2437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859615.

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38

Chandra, S., V. U. Maheshwari, and A. K. Sharma. "Einstein A-coefficients for vib-rotational transitions in CO." Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 117, no. 3 (1996): 557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aas:1996173.

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39

Erpenbeck, Jerome J. "Einstein-Kubo-Helfand and McQuarrie relations for transport coefficients." Physical Review E 51, no. 5 (1995): 4296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.51.4296.

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40

Chandra, Suresh, D. A. Varshalovich, and W. H. Kegel. "Einstein A-coefficients for pure rotational transitions in D2O." Pramana 25, no. 5 (1985): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02847233.

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41

Chandra, S., and A. K. Sharma. "Einstein A-coefficients for rotational transitions in the HN2O+." Pramana 43, no. 6 (1994): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02847622.

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42

Islam, Najirul, Tanmoy Mondal, Sagar Chakraborty, and Shyamal Biswas. "Re-examining Einstein’s B coefficient and rate equations with the Rabi model." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2019, no. 11 (2019): 113104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ab4fdc.

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43

Manev, Mancho. "Curvature properties of almost Ricci-like solitons with torse-forming vertical potential on almost contact b-metric manifolds." Filomat 35, no. 8 (2021): 2679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2108679m.

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A generalization of ?-Ricci solitons is considered involving an additional metric and functions as soliton coefficients. The soliton potential is torse-forming and orthogonal to the contact distribution of the almost contact B-metric manifold. Then such a manifold can also be considered as an almost Einstein like manifold, a generalization of an ?-Einstein manifold with respect to both B-metrics and functions as coefficients. Necessary and sufficient conditions are found for a number of properties of the curvature tensor and its Ricci tensor of the studied manifolds. Finally, an explicit examp

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44

Oxley, M. P., and L. J. Allen. "ICSC: a program for calculating inelastic scattering cross sections for fast electrons incident on crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 36, no. 3 (2003): 940–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889803002875.

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A computer program which calculates inner-shell ionization and backscattering cross sections for fast electrons incident on a crystal is presented. The program calculates the inelastic scattering coefficients for inner-shell ionization, pertinent to electron energy loss spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, using recently presented parameterizations of the atomic scattering factors. Orientation-dependent cross sections, suitable for atom location by channelling enhanced microanalysis, may be calculated. Inelastic scattering coefficients that allow the calculation of orientation-de

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45

Akhiezer, A. I., V. F. Aleksin, and V. D. Khodusov. "Gas dynamics of quasiparticles. II. Kinetic coefficients in transport equations for quasiparticles." Low Temperature Physics 21, no. 1 (1995): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0033751.

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The kinetic coefficients in hydrodynamic equations for phonons, magnons, and their mixtures are calculated. Special functions and systems of orthogonal polynomials constructed on the basis of the weight function typical of Bose–Einstein statistics are used.

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46

Keenan, F. P., A. Hibbert, P. C. Ojha, and E. S. Conlon. "EinsteinA-coefficients for transitions among the 3s23p3states of S II." Physica Scripta 48, no. 2 (1993): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/48/2/001.

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47

Fan, Zhi-Xiang, Zhi-Zhang Ni, Jie-Jie He, et al. "Line positions, intensities, and Einstein A coefficients for 3–0 band of ¹²C¹⁶O: A spectroscopy learning method*." Chinese Physics B 30, no. 12 (2021): 123301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac3069.

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Based on the model- and data-driven strategy, a spectroscopy learning method that can extract the novel and hidden information from the line list databases has been applied to the R branch emission spectra of 3–0 band of the ground electronic state of 12C16O. The labeled line lists such as line intensities and Einstein A coefficients quoted in HITRAN2020 are collected to enhance the dataset. The quantified spectroscopy-learned spectroscopic constants is beneficial for improving the extrapolative accuracy beyond the measurements. Explicit comparisons are made for line positions, line intensitie

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48

Prokofjev, S. I., V. M. Zhilin, Erik Johnson, M. Levinsen, and U. Dahmen. "In Situ TEM Investigation of Diffusion of Nano-Scale Liquid Pb Inclusions on Dislocations and in Bulk Aluminum." Defect and Diffusion Forum 237-240 (April 2005): 1072–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.237-240.1072.

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Diffusion of nano-sized liquid Pb inclusions in thin aluminum foils is investigated using in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Free diffusion of the inclusions in the bulk and diffusion constrained by dislocations trapping is studied. The motion of trapped Pb inclusions is spatially confined in close proximity to the dislocations. The diffusion coefficients of free motion of the inclusions are determined using Einstein's equation. The diffusion coefficients of trapped inclusions were obtained using an equation based on Smoluchowski's analysis of the Brownian motion of particle in a

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49

Solon, Alexandre, and Jordan M. Horowitz. "On the Einstein relation between mobility and diffusion coefficient in an active bath." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 55, no. 18 (2022): 184002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac5d82.

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Abstract An active bath, made of self-propelling units, is a nonequilibrium medium in which the Einstein relation D = μk B T between the mobility μ and the diffusivity D of a tracer particle cannot be expected to hold a priori. We consider here heavy tracers for which these coefficients can be related to correlation functions which we estimate. We show that, to a good approximation, an Einstein relation does hold in an active bath upon using a different temperature which is defined mechanically, through the pressure exerted on the tracer.

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50

Arunan, E., D. W. Setser, and J. F. Ogilvie. "Vibration–rotational Einstein coefficients for HF/DF and HCl/DCl." Journal of Chemical Physics 97, no. 3 (1992): 1734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463160.

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