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Journal articles on the topic 'El numeral'

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Published: 24 April 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Zebian, Samar. "Number Conceptualisation among Lebanese Micro-Business Owners who Engage in Orally-Based Versus Paper-Based Numeracy Practices: An Experimental Cognitive Ethnography." Journal of Cognition and Culture 8, no. 3-4 (2008): 359–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853708x358227.

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AbstractThe study of everyday numeric thinking in adults directs our attention to several aspects of number cognition that have received almost no attention in the experimental cognitive science literature, namely the influences of socially situated artifact use on numeric processing. The current studies explore numeral recognition and conceptualisation processes in business people who engage in different types of numeracy practices; orally based numeracy practices which involve very little use of written records compared to paper-based numeracy practices. Ethnographic observations of Lebanese

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2

B., Comrie. "The Arithmetic of Natural Language: Toward a typology of numeral systems." Macrolinguistics 10, no. 16 (2022): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2022.10.16.1.

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Numeral systems in natural languages show astonishing variety, though with very strong unifying tendencies that are increasing as many indigenous numeral systems disappear through language contact and globalization. Most numeral systems make use of a base, typically 10, less commonly 20, followed by a wide range of other possibilities. Higher numerals are formed from primitive lower numerals by applying the processes of addition and multiplication, in many languages also exponentiation; sometimes, however, numerals are formed from a higher numeral, using subtraction or division. Numerous compl

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Astuti, Rizki Dewi, and Siti Ainim Liusti. "Numeralia dalam Bahasa Melayu Jambi di Kecamatan Tanah Sepenggal Lintas Kabupaten Bungo Provinsi Jambi." Persona: Kajian Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 3 (2023): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jpers.v2i3.181.

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The objective of this study's implementation is to describe the numeralia in Jambi Malay used in the Tanah Sepenggal Lintas District, Bungo Regency, in Jambi Province. This research type falls under qualitative research utilizing descriptive methodologies. The information collected in the context of this study, it takes the form of a set of words in Malay that contain numerals. Two approaches are employed in this investigation: the auditory and verbal interaction methods. The technique employed to validate the data or information in this studi is the triangulation method. The findings of this

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Baru, Yosefina. "SISTEM NUMERALIA BAHASA MIYAH." Melanesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Bahasa dan Sastra 1, no. 1 (2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jm.v1i1.739.

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan numeralia atau kata bilangan dalam bahasa Miyah. Bahasa Miyah merupakan salah satu bahasa daerah di wilayah Kabupaten Tambrauw, Provinsi Papua Barat. Di dalam kajian ini, pendapat Bussmann digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mengkaji dan menemukan numeralia bahasa Miyah. Selanjutnya, dalam kajian ini ditemukan lima jenis numeralia, yaitu numeralia pokok (<em>ca</em><em>rdinal numeral</em>), numeralia multiplikatif (<em>multiplicativ</em><em>e numeral</em>), numeralia tingkat (<em>o</em><em>rdin

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Akhand, M. A. H., Md Rahat-Uz-Zaman, Shadmaan Hye, and Md Abdus Samad Kamal. "Handwritten Numeral Recognition Integrating Start–End Points Measure with Convolutional Neural Network." Electronics 12, no. 2 (2023): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020472.

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Convolutional neural network (CNN) based methods have succeeded for handwritten numeral recognition (HNR) applications. However, CNN seems to misclassify similarly shaped numerals (i.e., the silhouette of the numerals that look the same). This paper presents an enhanced HNR system to improve the classification accuracy of the similarly shaped handwritten numerals incorporating the terminals points with CNN’s recognition, which can be utilized in various emerging applications related to language translation. In handwritten numerals, the terminal points (i.e., the start and end positions) are co

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YOUFENG, HAN, MENG SHUXIAN, OLGA N. MOROZOVA, et al. "COMPARING NUMERALS IN OROCHON AND EVENKI." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2021): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_3_192_203.

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The current article focuses upon the results of the numerals analysis and the ways of their forming in the Orochon language. The obtained data are compared with the existing data from previous studies on the numeral paradigm in the Evenki language. The study enabled to identify 8 subcategories of numerals in each language with 6 of them being similar. The main patterns to derive numerals are compounding and affixation. Compounding is the most productive pattern for cardinal and approximate numerals and fractions while ordinal numerals, measuring, distributive and limitative numerals, collectiv

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MEDYNSKA, Natalia. "FEATURES OF NUMERAL EXPLICATION OF A QUANTITATIVE FEATURE IN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE." Folia Philologica, no. 1 (2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/folia.philologica/2021/1/4.

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The article investigates the part-of-speech class of Numerals as class of attributive words in semantic and grammaticaldimensions in Ukrainian. The peculiarities of the explication of a static feature by Numerals with a quantitative-substantivemeaning in Ukrainian language are clarified.The purpose of the article is to clarify the originality of the functions of numerals as expressions of quantitativesubjectrelations in Ukrainian. Realization of the set purpose provides the decision of such problems, in particular: 1) to find out functions of the Numeral as an attributive word; 2) outline the

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Andreeva, Valentina A. "Vietnamese phraseological units with a numeral component." Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies 7, no. 3 (2023): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54631/vs.2023.73-112542.

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The article is devoted to the study of structural and semantic features of phraseological units with a numeral component in the Vietnamese language. It is noted that the numeral components in the phraseological units can both retain their quantitative meaning and be subjected to partial or complete desemantization. The most productive numeral components of phraseological units in the Vietnamese language are quantitative numerals of the first ten, while the largest number of set expressions are with the numeral một one. In the vast majority of Vietnamese phraseological units, several numerals a

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Wright, Robert J. "Assessing early numeracy: Significance, trends, nomenclature, context, key topics, learning framework and assessment tasks." South African Journal of Childhood Education 3, no. 2 (2013): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v3i2.38.

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This article describes a comprehensive and novel approach to assessment in early numeracy. Topics include the significance of early numeracy, developing a nomenclature for early numeracy, and describing the context for the development of this approach to assessment. The largely unrealised importance of numerals and numeral sequences in early numeracy, the significance of counting and its distinction from saying a number word sequence, the important topics of structuring numbers in the range 1 to 20 and conceptual place value, the Learning Framework in Number and its use in profiling children’s

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CHOI, SOON-MAN, and Il-SEOK OH. "A SEGMENTATION-FREE RECOGNITION OF HANDWRITTEN TOUCHING NUMERAL PAIRS USING MODULAR NEURAL NETWORK." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 15, no. 06 (2001): 949–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001401001271.

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The conventional approach to the recognition of handwritten touching numeral pairs uses a process with two steps; splitting the touching numerals and recognizing individual numerals. It shows a limitation mainly due to a large variation in touching styles between two numerals. In this paper, we adopt the segmentation-free approach, which regards a touching numeral pair as an atomic pattern. Two important issues are raised, i.e. solving the large-set classification and constructing a large-size training set. For the 100-class classification, we use a modular neural network which consists of 100

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Dash, Biswanandan, and Subrat Kalyan Pattanayak. "NUMERAL TO NUMERAL OF BALMIKI AND KUPIA: A MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE 5, no. 2 (2023): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jol.v5i2.7707.

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Numeral systems are the major counting methods found across languages. They are characterised by unique morphosyntactic structures to show numericity. The efficiency of communicating numbers is related to the morphological construction of numerals. These are also valuable sources for genetic classification. Besides, they play a vital role in establishing the antiquity of a cognate language. Peculiarly, the numeral systems of languages are the most vulnerable to elimination due to major or dominant languages. The quest in this article is to analyse the numeral morphology of Balmiki, a lesser-kn

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Kosogorova, Maria A. "Numeral Systems in Various Fula Lects." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, no. 3 (2021): 714–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-3-714-734.

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The paper presents the analysis of Fula numeral system. Fula is an Atlantic language, dispersed throughout a vast territory in Sub-Saharan Africa. It has over 20 differently-sized lects subdivided into three zones - Western, Central and Eastern. The research included collecting the language data on six major lects, two from each zone. Then this data was analyzed from the point of view of internal and external syntax of ordinal, cardinal, distributive and fraction numerals. The comparative analysis of Fula numeral system on inter-lect scale has never been reflected in earlier Fula studies. Apar

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Her, One-Soon, Marc Tang, and Bing-Tsiong Li. "Word order of numeral classifiers and numeral bases." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 72, no. 3 (2019): 421–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2019-0017.

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Abstract In a numeral classifier language, a sortal classifier (C) or a mensural classifier (M) is needed when a noun is quantified by a numeral (Num). Num and C/M are adjacent cross-linguistically, either in a [Num C/M] order or [C/M Num]. Likewise, in a complex numeral with a multiplicative composition, the base may follow the multiplier as in [n×base], e.g., san-bai ‘three hundred’ in Mandarin. However, the base may also precede the multiplier in some languages, thus [base×n]. Interestingly, base and C/M seem to harmonize in word order, i.e., [n×base] numerals appear with a [Num C/M] alignm

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Žoha, Lukáš, Marcin Wągiel, and Pavel Caha. "The morphology of complex numerals: A cross-linguistic study." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 8 (December 31, 2022): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.14966.

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Complex numerals are numerals composed of two or more numeral roots, e.g., three hundred five. Complex numerals fall into two classes called additive (e.g., twenty-three = 20 + 3) and multiplicative (e.g., three hundred = 3 × 100). There are two possible approaches to capturing their structure. Analysis A (e.g., He 2015) says that complex numerals form a constituent that quantifies over entities denoted by the noun. Analysis B (e.g., Ionin and Matushansky 2018) says that each numeral independently combines with the expression denoting counted entities. This article investigates the morphology

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Acharya, Eka Ratna. "Evidences of Hierarchy of Brahmi Numeral System." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 14, no. 1 (2018): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v14i1.20077.

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The numeral system developed in South Asian Subcontinent in third century B. C. E. as the ancestor of the Hindu Arabic, Lichhavi, Kharosthi and other different numeral systems is popular by Brahmi numeral system. Ashoka prepared the pillar to preserve the Brahmi inscription with consisting numerals. The Brahmi numerical symbols are found at Lumbini of Nepal, for example a symbol used there tells the division by eight (Athabhagiya) and conversely multiplication of eight. Ashoka pillar with different inscriptions were found at Bihar, Uttarpradesh, Delhi, Madhyapradesh of India and different part

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Sankar, Prasad Mukherjee, and Ghanta Sandip. "Conceptualisation of Ancient Indian Concept/Representation of Numbers through Word Numerals and Alphabetic Numerals Existent till Today." Journal of Statistics and Mathematical Engineering 6, no. 1 (2020): 35–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3714314.

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<strong>This article is an effort to reveal that – It was ancient India which guided the world how to represent systematically the numbers in word forms as well as in alphabets maintaining ascendancy of the alphabets which is still in use by the beginners in the study of Arithmetic. It was the Ancient Indian Mathematicians who probably used first and developed these numeral systems. They used word numerals and alphabetic numerals system for their astronomical studies. The aim of this article is to present an account on the evolution and development of </strong><strong>word numeral system

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ДМИТРОШКІН, Д. "ЧИСЛІВНИКОВІ КОМПОЗИТНІ НОМІНАНТИ ІЗ КОМПОНЕНТАМИ ON, FOR, ANDВ СУЧАСНОМУ АМЕРИКАНСЬКОМУ СПОРТИВНОМУ МЕДІАДИСКУРСІ". Current issues of linguistics and translation studies 22 (2 грудня 2021): 37–41. https://doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2021-22-8.

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American sports media discourse is characterized by an extensive use of compound words that contain numerals. Such lexemes not only express quantitative parameters, geographical location, names of athletes, but also form a specific lexical meaning, sometimes with stylistic coloring and can perform the function of a noun or adjective. Six major types of compound word with numerals were defined in our previous research. In this paper, compound words with numerals that contain components ‘on, for, and’ have been studied. The analyzed lexical units containing component ‘for’ are characterized by f

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Makeeva, Nadezhda, and Andrey Shluinsky. "Numerals in Akebu." Open Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2020): 344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0107.

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AbstractThis article presents an overview of the numeral system in Akebu, a Kwa language of Togo. The Akebu numeral system is a decimal one and contains simple numerals from ‘1’ to ‘9’ and decimal bases for ‘10’, ‘100’, and ‘1,000’. The former have noun class agreement markers, while the latter do not. Only some noun classes are compatible with numerals, but among them there are both plural and singular classes.

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Pan, Chia-Jung. "Numeral classifiers in the Austronesian languages of Taiwan." Classifiers 3, no. 2 (2023): 153–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/alal.22017.pan.

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Abstract This paper is a typological exploration of the nominal classification systems found in the Austronesian languages of Taiwan, with special focus on their meanings, forms and functions within the Austronesian typological context. Based on Aikhenvald’s defining properties and classifications of classifiers (2000, 2017, 2019, 2021, forthcoming), the Austronesian languages of Taiwan investigated in this study display a set of relatively small classifier systems consisting of numeral classifiers and other classifier-like terms, such as measure words and verbal action classifiers. Numeral cl

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Drolma, Dawa, and Henriëtte Daudey. "Characteristics of numerals and classifiers in Darmdo Minyag." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 44, no. 1 (2021): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.00009.dro.

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Abstract Based on first-hand data obtained during fieldwork, our article analyses numerals and frequently employed numeral classifiers of Darmdo Minyag. Numeral classifiers are obligated to follow a numeral when counting. There are three different roots for ‘ten’: /ɦa~ʁo/ used in the numbers 10–19; /ʁuɑ/ used in the numbers 20–49; and /ɡa/ used in the numbers 50–99. The presence of multiple roots for ‘ten’ with an initial glottal, uvular or velar stop or fricative has been attested in many languages of the Qiangic area. Although Tibetan forms may be used for all numerals, native forms up to 99

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SADRI, JAVAD, CHING Y. SUEN, and TIEN D. BUI. "STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SLANT ANGLES IN HANDWRITTEN NUMERAL STRINGS AND EFFECTS OF SLANT CORRECTION ON SEGMENTATION." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 01 (2010): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001410007816.

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A novel and efficient method for correction of slant angles in handwritten numeral strings is proposed. For the first time, the statistical distribution of slant angles in handwritten numerals is investigated and the effects of slant correction on the segmentation of handwritten numeral strings are shown. In our proposed slant correction method, utilizing geometric features, a Component Slant Angle (CSA) is estimated for each connected component independently. A weighted average is then used to compute the String Slant Angle (SSA), which is applied uniformly to correct the slant of all the com

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Nadra, Nadra, Sri Wahyuni, Radhia Elita, and Khofifah Aisyah Amini. "The Variation of Numeral Form Mean ‘one’ in Numeral Classifiers of the Batak Angkola Language." JURNAL ARBITRER 9, no. 2 (2022): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.9.2.130-136.2022.

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This paper aims to explain the variation of the numeral form, which means ‘one’ in the numeral classifier of the Batak Angkola language of Pintu Padang isolect and to describe the pattern of use of each of these forms. Data was collected by using observation and interview methods. Observation is done by listening to speakers communicate with each other. Interviews were conducted by directly asking three informants who met specific requirements and with several other sources. Data analysis was carried out using segmenting immediate constituents technique by dividing the lingual unit into numera

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Gonzalez, Carmen. "Les systèmes numéraux en quechua et en aymara : une histoire de suffixes." Faits de Langues 51, no. 2 (2021): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05102003.

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Abstract The Quechuan and Aymaran numeral systems show strong similarities, e.g., they have a decimal base and thirteen simple lexemes (simple cardinal numerals). In the case of Quechuan, when forming compound cardinal numerals (namely, numerals with two or more simple lexemes), two distinct sets can be identified: in the first, the compound cardinals are the results of the juxtaposition of simple lexemes. In the second, to this juxtaposition are added nominal suffixes: /-yuq/ or /-n/ or /-wan/. This paper is focused on studying these two numeral Quechua sets involving both diachronic and geog

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Singh, Riya. "Numeral System in Lotha." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 8, no. 10 (2023): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2023.v08.n10.004.

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This present study focused on one of the tribal languages of Nagaland. Lotha is one of the vernacular languages of North-Eastern India. It is widely spoken in Wokha district of Nagaland. It has shown evidences of unique numeral system. The counting system of this language is up to lakhs ‘kana’. It has large number of numerals which are divided into seven (7) broad categories- Cardinal numerals, Ordinal numerals, Fractional numerals, Multiplicative numerals, Approximative numerals, Distributive numerals and Restrictive numerals. These seven categories are further divided into sub-categories on

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Epps, Patience. "Growing a numeral system." Diachronica 23, no. 2 (2006): 259–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.23.2.03epp.

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Numerals in many languages around the world can be argued to reflect a progressive build-up of historical stages (cf. Hurford 1987), each of which may also represent the synchronic upper limit of a numeral system in another language. This paper presents an intriguing test case of this claim by exploring the historical development of numerals in the languages of the Nadahup (Makú) family of the northwest Amazonian Vaupés region, in which the numeral strategies that can be inferred diachronically for one language are also represented synchronically in its sisters. The paper also demonstrates tha

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Bradley, David. "Why do Numerais Show 'Irregular' Correspondence Patterns in Tibeto-Burman? Some Southeastern Tibeto-Burman Examples." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 34, no. 2 (2005): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-90000143.

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Within Sino-Tibetan (ST) and Tibeto-Burman (TB), numerals show various irregular correspondence patterns, both at the macro level within ST, at the middle level within TB, and within various subgroups of TB. In various Southeastern TB languages, there are apparentiy irregular tonal and/or initial reflexes which are seen in some numerals. Some of these result from sandhi in combination with a numeral and a following classifier. In a few languages, conversely, the form of the classifier is affected by the preceding numeral. There are also specific forms for some numerals which are used in counti

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Kilarski, Marcin, and Piotr Gąsiorowski. "Gender and numeral classifiers in Modern Nepali and their Proto-Indo-European analogues." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (2020): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4722.

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Proto-Indo-European (PIE) had two grammatical genders (common and neuter); the feminine was a shared innovation of the non-Anatolian part of the family. Using comparison with Modern Nepali, we argue that the puzzling feminine forms of the numerals ‘3’ and ‘4’ in Celtic and Indo-Iranian, and possibly also some similar constructions in Latin and Old Irish, are survivals of a system of numeral classifiers predating the full gender system. They contain the feminine element * s(o)r-, grammaticalized as a numeral classifier in PIE. A similar situation is attested in Nepali, where grammatical gender

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Kovtun, Oksana. "ASPECTS OF NUMERAL RESEARCH IN UKRAINIAN LINGUISTICS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY." Theory and Practice of Teaching Ukrainian as a Foreign Language, no. 18 (May 30, 2024): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/ufl.2024.18.4406.

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The article is dedicated to interpreting the modern understanding of numerals as a part of speech through the prism of both traditional and contemporary grammatical frameworks and new scientific paradigms. It is demonstrated that despite the peripheral nature of this linguistic component, research aspects related to the study of numerals are far from being exhausted today. In the 20th century, numerals were predominantly examined within a focus on traditional grammar and functional grammar, establishing both broad and narrow understandings. In the 21st century, numerals have started to be stud

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Xiaolin, Wang, Du Yingcui, Dong Shulong, Li Chenchen, and Fu Yuan. "Handwritten digital recognition based on SVM, KNN, MLP, and Logistic Regression models." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 8, no. 7 (2021): 81–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10608782.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> As the only universal symbol in the world, Arabic numerals play an irreplaceable role in all walks of life. With the development of science and technology, more and more data information needs to be input into the computer and then processed. Because of the low efficiency, the method of manual identification of numbers on paper is not suitable for the identification of massive data. As a branch of optical character recognition technology, the main research content of handwritten numeral recognition is how to use computer to automatically recognize Arabic numerals writ

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Williams-van, Klinken Catharina, and John Hajek. "Mixing numeral systems in Timor-Leste." NUSA: Linguistic studies of languages in and around Indonesia 64 (March 1, 2018): 65–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1450774.

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Speakers of Tetun Dili, in Timor-Leste, commonly use three sets of numerals, namely native Tetun as well as numerals from the languages of the two former colonial powers, Portuguese and Indonesian. Tetun numerals can modify nouns from any language, within native Tetun constructions. In contrast, borrowed numerals modify only nouns from the same source language, using source language order. Functional and sociolinguistic differences were sought based on an extensive corpus of texts as well as two surveys of numeral use. The choice of numeral language is complex. Contributing factors include the

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Napitupulu, Lilis Handayani. "Frasa Numeralia dalam Bahasa Batak Toba." Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia Prima (BIP) 4, no. 2 (2022): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34012/jbip.v4i2.2931.

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Every language featured numeral as part of its syntactic system. It is not unreasonable, then, to assume that numerals are one place where cross-linguistic comparisons are especially fruitful and syntactic universals may be uncovered. However, once these systems are examined more closely, the picture becomes a lot more complicated, for it appears that numerals do not belong to a uniform syntactic category. This article is a descriptive analysis of the syntactic category which discussed the numeral phrase structure in the Toba Batak language. The study of this phrase structure applied generativ

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Kumari, Mamta. "Austro-Asiatic Numeration." International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 06, no. 07 (2023): 4453–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8190732.

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This paper is an attempt to exhibit the commonalities as well as variations present in the numeral systems of four Austro-Asiatic (AA) languages of India, namely Khasi, Pnar, Santali and Mundari. Khasi and Pnar are classified under the ‘Mon- Khmer Branch’ of AA family, while languages Mundari and Santali fall under the ‘Munda Branch’ of the same. This study assays the structure of counting systems in detail while simultaneously compares it with systems in other languages of the family. The paper not only analyses the cardinals and their structure, but also sheds light o

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Jalaluddin, Nurain, and Ismail Maulud. "Numerals Variation of Gebe Language in Central Halmahera Regency: Morphosyntactic Study." IJOLEH : International Journal of Education and Humanities 4, no. 1 (2025): 70–82. https://doi.org/10.56314/ijoleh.v4i1.295.

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This research investigates the variation of numerals in the Gebe language, spoken in the Central Halmahera Regency, with a focus on its morphosyntactic structure. The study aims to describe how numeral forms vary and function within the grammatical framework of the language, particularly regarding noun phrases, classifiers, and verb agreement. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through interviews, observation. and direct elicitation from native speakers across several Gebe-speaking communities. The analysis reveals that almost any type of noun, numeral, or describe

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Sharandin, Anatolii. "The Category of Representation of the Numeral." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 6 (February 2021): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.6.13.

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The article considers the categorical nature of the numeral as a part of speech from the standpoint of the theory of representation. Language representation enables the author to identify and describe primary and secondary syntactic functions exemplified by cognitive communicative and discursive forms. They demonstrate different degrees of the quantitative attribute manifestation in terms of its completeness and intensity in various forms of the numeral. Major means of its representation have been revealed and characterized: in the main syntactical position – a constituent of numerical (cardin

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Kodagunti, Basavaraja. "Numerals in Koracha." Asian Languages and Linguistics 5, no. 2 (2024): 281–309. https://doi.org/10.1075/alal.24005.kod.

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Abstract The paper examines Koracha numerals to comprehend their internal structure and historical development. This study has revealed several intriguing features within Koracha, including: (1) a distinct structure in the formation of complex numerals, where some involve a conjoining morpheme, (2) the presence of two different forms for the base term ‘ten’ in the creation of higher numerals, (3) variations in the forms of numerals used independently versus those employed in compound numerals, and (4) the existence of unique forms of numerals, among other notable characteristics. An examinatio

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Chen, Yue Fen, Jun Huan Lin, and Guo Ping Li. "Design of Online Handwritten Numeral Recognition System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.329.

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An effective online handwritten numeral recognition system is designed based on the Matlab GUI interface. The coordinate locations of the handwritten numerals are recorded, from which the stroke direction variations and the 2-dimensional distance between the starting point and ending point of the numeral are obtained as the features, which are encoded into 42 bits binary sequence, and then input to the Hopfield neural network. The associative memory function of the Hopfield neural network can implement the learning and recognition of the handwritten numeral. Testing results show that the desig

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ANTONOVA, Alexandra. "THE SYNTACTIC DYNAMICS OF THE NUMERAL PHRASES IN THE LATE OLD RUSSIAN CHRONICLES AND NOTARIAL ACTS." Lomonosov Journal of Philology, no. 6, 2023 (December 17, 2023): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2023-47-06-3.

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The article deals with the syntactic dynamics of the numeral phrases in the Russian chronicles and notarial acts of the late 14th-17th centuries. The material for the study was: Tipografskaya letopis (the late 14th-15th cent.), Pskovskaya III letopis (16th cent.), Nikonovskaya letopis (16th cent.), Holmogorskaya letopis (16th cent.), Dvinskoj letopisec (17th cent.), Mazurinskij letopisec (17th cent.), Letopisec of 1619-1691 years, Piskarevskij letopisec (17th cent.), Letopisnoe skazanie Petra Zolotareva (17th cent.), Acts of socio-economic history of North-Eastern Russia (the late 14th - early

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Studenikina, K. A. "Towards the feature identity for ellipsis in Russian: Evidence from noun phrases with coordinated adjectives." Rhema, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-2953-2023-2-28-52.

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This paper deals with the problem of feature identity in Russian noun phrases with coordinated modifiers. The data from various languages shows that ellipsis allows mismatch of some morphological features for the elided and the spelled-out constituents while other features must match. The studies of Russian noun phrases with coordinated modifiers propose ellipsis analysis but does not determine the constraints on feature identity for the elide and the spelled-out noun. In this paper, we analyze the identity of such noun features as number and case by conducting a corpus study and a selfpaced a

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Norris, Mark Josef. "The morphosyntax of number in Estonian numeral-noun constructions." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4337.

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The interaction of numerals and number-marking has generated much research in both morphosyntax and semantics in those domains. In this paper, I propose an analysis of number-marking in the numeral-noun constructions of Estonian. They are noteworthy for the existence of two morphosyntactic frames. In one, both the numeral and noun are singular, and the noun bears partitive case. In the other, both the numeral and noun are plural, and there is no assignment of partitive case. I propose an analysis whereby the head assigning partitive case is of the same syntactic category as the head introducin

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Alqudah, Amin, Ali Mohammad Alqudah, Hiam Alquran, Hussein R. Al-Zoubi, Mohammed Al-Qodah, and Mahmood A. Al-Khassaweneh. "Recognition of Handwritten Arabic and Hindi Numerals Using Convolutional Neural Networks." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041573.

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Arabic and Hindi handwritten numeral detection and classification is one of the most popular fields in the automation research. It has many applications in different fields. Automatic detection and automatic classification of handwritten numerals have persistently received attention from researchers around the world due to the robotic revolution in the past decades. Therefore, many great efforts and contributions have been made to provide highly accurate detection and classification methodologies with high performance. In this paper, we propose a two-stage methodology for the detection and cla

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Morozova, Irina, and Sjef Barbiers. "How and why is ONE different?" Nota Bene 1, no. 2 (2024): 225–41. https://doi.org/10.1075/nb.00014.mor.

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Abstract This paper argues that the word for ONE in Russian and Dutch is not a cardinal numeral but a classifier with an unvalued [Unit:_] feature. The value of this feature, e.g., [person], [gender], [place] is provided by the syntactic environment of ONE. Cardinal numerals ≥ TWO are phrasal quantifiers with a specific value for the feature [Partitioning:_]. We propose a novel structure for numeral containing nominal phrases, representing two types of classifiers, generally corresponding to count (lower classifier) and amount (higher classifier). In non-oblique environments the relation betwe

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BERNANDER, Rasmus, Antti LAINE, and Lotta AUNIO. "The numeral system(s) in Western Serengeti: Formal, functional, and historical inferences." STUDIES IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES, no. 54 (December 10, 2020): 35–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32690/salc54.2.

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In this study we offer a detailed synchronic and diachronic account of the hitherto un(der) documented numeral systems of the four closely related (Eastern) Bantu language varieties: Ikoma, Nata, Ishenyi, and Ngoreme – together forming the Western Serengeti subgroup. We describe the essentially identical formation and organization of numerals in these language varieties while also noting the morphosyntactic behaviour of numeral expressions and their extended uses. Based on an extensive quantity of comparative data, we furthermore disentangle the historical background to the numerals and their

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Park, So-Young. "NP-ellipsis and numeral classifiers in Korean." Linguistics 59, no. 3 (2021): 635–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2021-0065.

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Abstract The syntactic status of numeral classifiers with respect to NP-ellipsis in classifier languages has been a controversial subject in many recent discussions. Addressing this issue, this article argues that Korean numeral classifiers can serve as functional heads that license NP-ellipsis via PF-deletion. A null NP appearing in a numeral classifier context cannot be identified with any other null categories, such as a pro or a null NP pro-form. This null NP induces a different reading from a pro, especially when a possessor argument is stacked with a numeral classifier construction. Unli

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Chen, Miao Chao, and Fang Wang. "Free Handwritten Numeral Recognition Based on BP Neural Network." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.909.

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Handwritten numeral recognition is an important branch in the field of pattern recognition, has broad application prospects. This article presents a method of using BP Neural Network to implement programme for recognition of free handwritten numerals. Scanned handwritten numeral image after preprocessing and feature extraction, classificated and recognized by the BP Neural Network. Through Matlab simulation experiments it shows that the recognition method is effective and has high recognition rate.

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Skaff, Rola. "Système numéral et neutralisation du genre numéral en soureth." Faits de Langues 53, no. 1 (2023): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05301004.

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Abstract This article describes the numeral system in several varieties of Soureth, one of the modern languages derived from the eastern branch of Aramaic, a Semitic language of the Northwest. Historically, it has been spoken in Iraq, Syria, Iran, and southeastern Turkey; and in the diaspora since the early 20th century. After describing the system in general, the article will study a particular phenomenon concerning the gender agreement between the numeral and the counted name. Modern Aramaic, like the classical language, Syriac, has a binary gender marking on the noun (masculine or feminine)

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Chi, Zheru, Zhongkang Lu, Wan-chi Siu, and Peng-Fei Shi. "An Evolutionary Algorithm for Optimizing Handwritten Numeral Templates Represented by Rational B-Spline Surfaces." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 3, no. 6 (1999): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.1999.p0462.

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To improve the reliability of a template-matching classifier for recognizing connected handwritten characters, we present an evolutionary algorithm to optimize handwritten numeral templates represented by rational Bspline surfaces of character pixel-boundary distance maps (PBDMs). Initial templates are extracted by training a feed-forward neural network. In simulation, 1,000 handwritten numeral templates (100 templates for each class) were extracted and optimized using 10,426 training samples (isolated numerals from NIST Special Database 3). A template-matching classifier using these 1,000 opt

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Agbeyangi, Abayomi Olusola, Safiriyu Eludiora, and Popoola O. A. "Web-Based Yorùbá Numeral Translation System." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 5, no. 4 (2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v5.i4.pp127-134.

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<p class="Default">Yorùbá numerals have been seen as one of the most interesting but quite complicated numeral system. In this paper we present the development of a web-based English to Yorùbá numeral translation system. The system translates English numbers both in figure and text to its standard Yorùbá form. The computational processes underlying both numerals were used to formulate the model for the work. Unified Modeling language (UML) and Automata theory was used for the system design and specification. The designed system was implemented using Google Web App Engine with support for

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K, Karthick, and Chitra S. "A Bilingual Numeral OCR System for Creating Uni-Lingual Digitized Numeral Document." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 13 (2015): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n13p148.

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<p>The optical character recognition has been used in many applications such as dictionary generation, customer billing system, banking and postal automation, and library automation etc. The bilingual OCR system to make uni-lingual script helps us to reduce the requirement of two different OCR systems into a single OCR system for recognition of two different languages. This type of globalization helps the universal users of any language can read the text documents in their self-language if the bilingual documents are converted into uni-lingual document. In this paper, the image which con

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Gonen, Einat. "Conservation or change? Exploring trends in Modern Hebrew in light of new spoken corpora of the first two generations of speakers." Folia Linguistica 54, s41-s1 (2020): 89–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2020-0004.

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Abstract This paper presents a diachronic study of Modern Hebrew agreement between numerals and their quantified nouns. This research is possible thanks to the discovery of two rare collections of recordings from the 1950s and 1960s, which document four generations of speakers and have become important sources of spoken Early Modern Hebrew. On the basis of these two corpora, I compare numeral agreement in the first two generations of speakers with present-day usage and analyze trends of change and conversation in Modern Hebrew. The study shows that the first generation of speakers (“Gen1”) lar

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Павлова, Інна Андріївна. "КРЕАТИВНЕ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЧИСЛІВНИКІВ У ТВОРАХ І. ДРАЧА". ЗБІРНИК НАУКОВИХ ПРАЦЬ ХНПУ ІМЕНІ Г.С. СКОВОРОДИ "ЛІНГВІСТИЧНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ", № 40 (28 жовтня 2015): 35–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.32819.

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<em>The article is devoted to topical issues of the language units’ functioning in artistic texts of prominent writers, in particular the poet of the sixties Ivan Drach. One of the areas of poetic language research is actualized – the study of the potential of parts of speech, that is a marker of the art text pragmatics – imagery, emotion, evaluation, expression. The specific use of numerals is investigated, in particular their artistic expression and significance in the poetic texts of Ivan Drach. The popular belief is refuted that numeral does not have a strong potentiality

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