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Journal articles on the topic 'Elasmobranchii'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Fahmi, Fahmi, Mohammad Adrim, and Dharmadi Dharmadi. "KONTRIBUSI IKAN PARI (Elasmobranchii) PADA PERIKANAN CANTRANG DI LAUT JAWA." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 14, no. 3 (February 7, 2017): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.14.3.2008.295-301.

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Tinggi tingkat eksploitasi ikan hiu (Shark) dan pari (Elasmobranchii) di Indonesia telah memberikan predikat pada negara ini sebagai negara dengan total produksi ikan-ikan Elasmobranchii yang terbesar di dunia. Akan tetapi, upaya pengelolaan dan konservasi terhadap sumber daya tersebut di Indonesia belum terlaksana disebabkan minim informasi dan data yang mendukung baik biologi maupun perikanan. Penelitian hiu (Shark) dan pari (Elasmobranchii) di Indonesia yang secara intensif telah dilaksanakan sejak tahun 2001, telah berhasil menginventalisir keanekaragaman jenis ikan-ikan Elasmobranchii dari sebagian besar wilayah perairan Indonesia, dan informasi biologi untuk beberapa jenis hiu (Shark) dan pari (Elasmobranchii) yang umum dijumpai telah berhasil pula diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan pari (Elasmobranchii) merupakan kelompok ikan bertulang rawan yang umum dijumpai di perairan Laut Jawa dibandingkan kelompok ikan hiu. Ikan pari bintang (Shark), Himantura gerrardi merupakan salah satu jenis pari (Elasmobranchii) yang paling umum ditemui di seluruh wilayah perairan Indonesia dan memiliki kontribusi yang sangat besar pada total hasil tangkapan yang menggunakan jaring cantrang (danish seine net) di Laut Jawa. Berdasarkan pada hasil tersebut, jenis pari (Elasmobranchii) ini dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu spesies indikator terhadap keberlangsungan perikanan Elasmobranchii di Indonesia bagian barat, atau Laut Jawa pada khususnya. Indonesia has been regarded as a country which has the highest production of Elasmobranchs in the world. In contrast, there are still no management and conservation actions for this group of fishes yet due to the lack of knowledge and information on Elasmobranchs in Indonesia. Study on sharks and rays have been conducted intensively since 2001 and recorded some preliminary informations about Elasmobranch diversity in this country. One of the results summarized that rays were more common group of Elasmobranchs occurred in the Java Sea. Also, Himantura gerrardi was indicated as one of the commonest rays and it gave the highest contribution of Elasmobranchs caught by the danish seine fishery operating in the Java Sea. This species can also be used as an indicator species for the sustainability of Elasmobranch fisheries in Indonesia or in the Java Sea.

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2

Bornatowski, Hugo, Raul Rennó Braga, Carolina Kalinowski, and Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule. "“Buying a Pig in a Poke”: The Problem of Elasmobranch Meat Consumption in Southern Brazil." Ethnobiology Letters 6, no. 1 (November 18, 2015): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14237/ebl.6.1.2015.451.

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In Brazil, the demand for sustainably certified seafood is increasing and retailers have promised to source all seafood from sustainable sources by 2015. In the southern portion of the country, elasmobranch meat is sold as cação, and consumers are often unaware that cação refers to any type of elasmobranch. The present study used questionnaires to investigate the lay public’s knowledge of elasmobranch meat sold in a Brazilian city. Shoppers were surveyed at supermarkets in Curitiba, the largest city in southern Brazil. The study revealed that people do not link commercialized cação meat to sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii), with more than half of respondents who claimed to have already eaten cação did not think they had ever eaten shark or ray. The educational profile of interviewees suggests that this lack of knowledge may be even more common in other segments of Brazilian society. Therefore, we suggest that ecological information about elasmobranchs should be included in Brazilian elementary and high school curricula. Such a measure has the potential to modify behavior, create awareness, and stimulate responsibility throughout society, with the primary goal of reducing shark meat consumption and, ultimately, guaranteeing the long term conservation of marine resources.

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3

GUINOT, GUILLAUME, SYLVAIN ADNET, KENSHU SHIMADA, KENSHU SHIMADA, CHARLIE J. UNDERWOOD, MIKAEL SIVERSSON, DAVID J. WARD, JÜRGEN KRIWET, and HENRI CAPPETTA. "On the need of providing tooth morphology in descriptions of extant elasmobranch species." Zootaxa 4461, no. 1 (August 20, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4461.1.8.

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Elasmobranchii is a clade of chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes) that comprises sharks, skates and rays represented today by approximately 1,200 species. Chondrichthyans have a long evolutionary history dating back to the Late Ordovician (ca. 450 million years ago [Mya]) based on isolated dermal denticles (Janvier 1996). Other remains such as articulated skeletons and teeth are known from the Lower Devonian (ca. 410 Mya: Mader 1986; Miller et al. 2003). The fossil record of modern elasmobranchs (Neoselachii) can be traced back to the Early Permian (ca. 290 Mya) and is represented by isolated teeth (Ivanov 2005), with fossils of crown group sharks and rays appearing in Lower Jurassic (ca. 200 Mya) rocks (e.g., Cappetta 2012). Since their appearance in the geological record, elasmobranchs are mainly represented by isolated teeth, whereas articulated skeletons are very rare and restricted to a small number of fossil localities (e.g., Cappetta 2012). The scarcity of skeletal remains in their fossil record is due to their poorly mineralized cartilaginous skeleton that requires special taphonomical conditions to be preserved. Elasmobranch teeth, in contrast, are composed of highly mineralized tissues (hydroxyapatite) that have a strong preservation potential (Shimada 2006). In addition, elasmobranchs replace their teeth continuously over the course of their life span (polyphyodonty) and therefore shed thousands of teeth in their lifetime (Reif et al. 1978; Schnetz et al. 2016) leading to large numbers of potential fossils. These morphologically highly diverse isolated teeth constitute much of the rich fossil record of elasmobranchs, and largely form the basis of our understanding of elasmobranch diversity and evolution through geological time.

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4

Biriukov, A. V. "Paleobiogeographical Analysis of Assemblages of Cenomanian Elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)." Paleontological Journal 55, no. 5 (September 2021): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030121050026.

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5

Falsone, Fabio, Vita Gancitano, Michele Luca Geraci, Giacomo Sardo, Danilo Scannella, Fabrizio Serena, Sergio Vitale, and Fabio Fiorentino. "Assessing the Stock Dynamics of Elasmobranchii off the Southern Coast of Sicily by Using Trawl Survey Data." Fishes 7, no. 3 (June 7, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7030136.

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Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays), which have peculiar and vulnerable life-history traits, are highly threatened by fishing activities. Indeed, between 53% and 71% of Mediterranean elasmobranch species are at risk of extinction. In this context, using the abundance MSY (AMSY) model, the present study provides an assessment of 20 batoids and 16 shark species in the Strait of Sicily, sampled during a bottom trawl survey from 1995 to 2020. Overall, the outputs underline a progressively improving condition for shark and ray assemblages of both shelf and eurybathic zones. As for slope-dwelling species, a horseshoe-shaped dynamic, characterized by a progressive decrease in relative harvesting pressure and an increase in relative biomass followed by an increase in fishing pressure and decrease in biomass, was detected. The dynamics of the Elasmobranchii living in the Strait of Sicily appear to be affected by changes in the fishing patterns of trawlers, showing a shift from shallow water to bathyal fishing grounds and targeting deep-water red shrimp. In this context, it seems wise to limit the impact of deep-water fisheries on Elasmobranchii by reducing fishing efforts and implementing ad hoc management measures aimed at safeguarding these vulnerable species.

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6

TSIKLIRAS, A. C., and K. I. STERGIOU. "Age at maturity of Mediterranean marine fishes." Mediterranean Marine Science 16, no. 1 (July 23, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.659.

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In this review we collected data on the age at maturity (tm) and maximum reported age (tmax) for 235 stocks of Mediterranean marine fishes, belonging to 82 species, 37 families, 12 orders and 2 classes (Actinopterygii and Elasmobranchii). Among Actinopterygii (mean tm ± SD = 2.20 ± 1.43 y, n = 215), tm ranged from 0.3 y, for the common goby Pomatoschistus microps, to 12 y, for dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus, while among Elasmobranchii (mean tm ± SD = 5.94 ± 2.47 y, n = 20), tm ranged between 2.7 y, for brown ray Raja miraletus, and 12 y for picked dogfish Squalus acanthias. Overall, the tmax ranged between 1 y, for transparent goby Aphia minuta, and 70 y, for wreckfish Polyprion americanus. The mean tmax of Actinopterygii (tmax ± SD = 10.14 ± 9.42 y) was lower than that of Elasmobranchii (tmax ± SD = 14.05 ± 8.47 y). The tm exhibited a strong positive linear relation with tmax for both Actinopterygii (logtm = 0.58 ´ logtmax – 0.25, r2 = 0.51, P < 0.001) and Elasmobranchii (logtm = 0.67 ´ logtmax – 0.006, r2 = 0.51, P = 0.007). The mean tm/tmax did not differ significantly with sex within Actinopterygii (ANOVA: F = 0.27, P = 0.60, n = 90; females: mean ± SD = 0.276 ± 0.143; males: mean ± SD = 0.265 ± 0.138) and Elasmobranchii (ANOVA: F = 1.44, P = 0.25, n = 10; females: mean ± SD = 0.499 ± 0.166; males: mean ± SD = 0.418 ± 0.133). Finally, the dimensionless ratio tm/tmax was significantly lower (ANOVA: F = 31.04, P < 0.001) for Actinopterygii (mean ± SD = 0.270 ± 0.135, n = 180) than for Elasmobranchii, (mean ± SD = 0.458 ± 0.152, n = 20), when stocks with combined sexes were excluded from the analysis.

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7

Bulguroğlu, S., J. Korun, M. Gökoğlu, and Y. Özvarol. "The marine leech Stibarobdella moorei (Oka, 1910) (Hirudinea, Piscicolidae) parasitic on the thornback ray Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758 and angelshark Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758) in Antalya Bay, Mediterranean Sea of Turkey." Helminthologia 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-014-0237-4.

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Abstract The marine leech, Stibarobdella moorei was collected from dorsal parts of the thornback ray (Raja clavata) and angelshark (Squatina squatina) (Elasmobranchii) captured by commercial trawl vessels as non-target species from depth of 50 meters of Antalya Bay which is located in the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey on April and July, 2013. The leeches caused two typical lesions on epidermal tissues of both hosts: the major lesion by oral sucker and a minor one by caudal sucker. The leeches were identified as Stibarobdella moorei which has not been reported from elasmobranches in the Turkey’s Mediterranean shores. This study represents new host and geographical records.

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8

Marra, Nicholas J., Michael J. Stanhope, Nathaniel K. Jue, Minghui Wang, Qi Sun, Paulina Pavinski Bitar, Vincent P. Richards, et al. "White shark genome reveals ancient elasmobranch adaptations associated with wound healing and the maintenance of genome stability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 10 (February 19, 2019): 4446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819778116.

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The white shark (Carcharodon carcharias; Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) is one of the most publicly recognized marine animals. Here we report the genome sequence of the white shark and comparative evolutionary genomic analyses to the chondrichthyans, whale shark (Elasmobranchii) and elephant shark (Holocephali), as well as various vertebrates. The 4.63-Gbp white shark genome contains 24,520 predicted genes, and has a repeat content of 58.5%. We provide evidence for a history of positive selection and gene-content enrichments regarding important genome stability-related genes and functional categories, particularly so for the two elasmobranchs. We hypothesize that the molecular adaptive emphasis on genome stability in white and whale sharks may reflect the combined selective pressure of large genome sizes, high repeat content, high long-interspersed element retrotransposon representation, large body size, and long lifespans, represented across these two species. Molecular adaptation for wound healing was also evident, with positive selection in key genes involved in the wound-healing process, as well as Gene Ontology enrichments in fundamental wound-healing pathways. Sharks, particularly apex predators such as the white shark, are believed to have an acute sense of smell. However, we found very few olfactory receptor genes, very few trace amine-associated receptors, and extremely low numbers of G protein-coupled receptors. We did however, identify 13 copies of vomeronasal type 2 (V2R) genes in white shark and 10 in whale shark; this, combined with the over 30 V2Rs reported previously for elephant shark, suggests this gene family may underlie the keen odorant reception of chondrichthyans.

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9

Da Silva, João Paulo C. B., Diego F. B. Vaz, and Marcelo R. de Carvalho. "Phylogenetic inferences on the systematics of squaliform sharks based on elasmobranch scapular morphology (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 614–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx051.

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Abstract The scapulae of elasmobranchs project dorsolaterally from their fusion with the coracoid bar of the pectoral girdle, serving as anchoring points for the cucullaris, trunk and appendicular muscles and as articular points for the pectoral-fin skeleton. The scapulae of many elasmobranch taxa are described, with an emphasis on variations in the posterior margin, in an effort to reveal characters of phylogenetic relevance. In particular, phylogenetic information from the scapula was found for some squaliform sharks. Representatives of Dalatiidae, Somniosidae, Oxynotidae and Etmopteridae have a process on the ventral third of the posterior margin of the scapula, providing an additional surface for anchoring the origin of the appendicular muscle: the levator pectoralis. The ventral scapular process in Dalatiidae, Somniosus and Etmopterus is remarkably developed. This contrasts with an absent or weakly developed ventral triangular process observed in remaining squaliforms and other shark taxa. A single dorsal projection of the scapulae is restricted for Carcharhinidae and Centrophorus and provides an additional anchoring point for the m. epaxialis. Most representatives of Somniosidae (except Somniosus), Trigonognathus and some genera of Scyliorhinidae, Proscylliidae and Triakidae have both dorsal and ventral triangular processes. These structures are described and discussed in the context of previous morphological and molecular phylogenies of elasmobranchs.

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10

Kelly, Michael L., Errol R. P. Murray, Caroline C. Kerr, Craig A. Radford, Shaun P. Collin, John A. Lesku, and Jan M. Hemmi. "Diverse Activity Rhythms in Sharks (Elasmobranchii)." Journal of Biological Rhythms 35, no. 5 (June 11, 2020): 476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730420932066.

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Sharks are an interesting group of vertebrates, as many species swim continuously to “ram” oxygen-rich seawater over their gills (ram ventilators), whereas other species “pump” seawater over their gills by manipulating buccal cavity volume while remaining motionless (buccal pumpers). This difference in respiratory physiology raises the question: What are the implications of these differences in lifestyle for circadian rhythms? We investigated the diel activity patterns of 5 species of sharks, including 3 ram ventilating species: the school shark ( Galeorhinus galeus), the spotted estuary smooth-hound ( Mustelus lenticulatus), and the spiny dogfish ( Squalus acanthias); and 2 buccal pumping species: the Port Jackson ( Heterodontus portusjacksoni) and draughtsboard ( Cephaloscyllium isabellum) sharks. We measured the amount, duration, and distance traveled while swimming over multiple days under a 12:12 light:dark light regime for all species and used modified light regimes for species with a clear diel rhythm in activity. We identified a surprising diversity of activity rhythms. The school shark and smooth-hound swam continuously; however, whereas the school shark swam at the same speed and covered the same distance during the day and night, the smooth-hound swam slower at night and traversed a shorter distance. A similar pattern was observed in the spiny dogfish, although this shark swam less overall. Both the Port Jackson and draughtsboard sharks showed a marked nocturnal preference for swimming. This pattern was muted and disrupted during constant light and constant dark regimes, although circadian organization of this pattern was maintained under certain conditions. The consequences of these patterns for other biological processes, such as sleep, remain unclear. Nonetheless, these 5 species demonstrate remarkable diversity within the activity rhythms of sharks.

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11

Luer, Carl, and Catherine Walsh. "Potential Human Health Applications from Marine Biomedical Research with Elasmobranch Fishes." Fishes 3, no. 4 (December 6, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes3040047.

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Members of the subclass of fishes collectively known as elasmobranchs (Class Chondrichthyes, Subclass Elasmobranchii) include sharks, skates, rays, guitarfish, and sawfish. Having diverged from the main line of vertebrate evolution some 400 million years ago, these fishes have continued to be successful in our ever-changing oceans. Much of their success must be attributed to their uncanny ability to remain healthy. Based on decades of basic research, some of their secrets may be very close to benefitting man. In this short review, some of the molecular and cellular biological areas that show promise for potential human applications are presented. With a brief background and current status of relevant research, these topics include development of new antibiotics and novel treatments for cancer, macular degeneration, viral pathogens, and Parkinson’s disease; potentially useful genomic information from shark transcriptomes; shark antibody-derived drug delivery systems; and immune cell-derived compounds as potential cancer therapeutic agents.

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12

Yamada, Masako, and Yutaka Tanuma. "An ultrastructural study on the shark liver." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 512–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010016011x.

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Although many fine structural studies on the vertebrate liver have been reported on mammals, avians, reptiles, amphibians, teleosts and cyclostomes, there are no studies on elasmobranchii liver except one by T. Ito etal. (1962) who studied it on light microscopic level. The purpose of the present study was to as certain the ultrastructural details and cytochemical characteristics of normal elasmobranchii liver and was to compare with the other higher vertebrate ones.Seventeen Scyliorhinus torazame, one kind of elasmobranchii, were obtained from the fish stock of the Ueno Zoo aquarium, Ueno, Tokyo. The sharks weighing about 300-600g were anesthetized with MS-222 (Sigma), and the livers were fixed by perfusion fixation via the portal vein according to the procedure of Y. Saito et al. (1980) for 10 min. Then the liver tissues were immersed in the same fixative for 2 hours and postfixed with 1% OsO4-solution in 0.1 Mc acodylate buffer for one hour. In order to make sure a phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells, latex particles (0.8 μm in diameter, 0.05mg/100 g b.w.) were injected through the portal vein for one min before fixation. For preservation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, a series of these procedure were performed under ice cold temperature until the end of dehydration.

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13

Musick, J. A., G. Burgess, G. Cailliet, M. Camhi, and S. Fordham. "Management of Sharks and Their Relatives (Elasmobranchii)." Fisheries 25, no. 3 (March 2000): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2000)025<0009:mosatr>2.0.co;2.

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14

Бирюков, А. В. "Палеобиогеографический анализ комплексов сеноманских эласмобранхий (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)." Палеонтологический журнал, no. 5 (2021): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0031031x21050020.

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Engelbrecht, Andrea, Thomas Mörs, Marcelo A. Reguero, and Jürgen Kriwet. "Eocene squalomorph sharks (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from Antarctica." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 78 (October 2017): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2017.07.006.

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Amaral, Cesar R. L., Filipe Pereira, Dayse A. Silva, António Amorim, and Elizeu F. de Carvalho. "The mitogenomic phylogeny of the Elasmobranchii (Chondrichthyes)." Mitochondrial DNA Part A 29, no. 6 (September 20, 2017): 867–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2017.1376052.

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17

Shimada, Kenshu. "Dental homologies in lamniform sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii)." Journal of Morphology 251, no. 1 (November 8, 2001): 38–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1073.

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18

Jambura, Patrick L., Eduardo Villalobos-Segura, Julia Türtscher, Arnaud Begat, Manuel Andreas Staggl, Sebastian Stumpf, René Kindlimann, et al. "Systematics and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of the Enigmatic Late Jurassic Shark Protospinax annectans Woodward, 1918 with Comments on the Shark–Ray Sister Group Relationship." Diversity 15, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15030311.

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The Late Jurassic elasmobranch Protospinax annectans is often regarded as a key species to our understanding of crown group elasmobranch interrelationships and the evolutionary history of this group. However, since its first description more than 100 years ago, its phylogenetic position within the Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) has proven controversial, and a closer relationship between Protospinax and each of the posited superorders (Batomorphii, Squalomorphii, and Galeomorphii) has been proposed over the time. Here we revise this controversial taxon based on new holomorphic specimens from the Late Jurassic Konservat-Lagerstätte of the Solnhofen Archipelago in Bavaria (Germany) and review its skeletal morphology, systematics, and phylogenetic interrelationships. A data matrix with 224 morphological characters was compiled and analyzed under a molecular backbone constraint. Our results indicate a close relationship between Protospinax, angel sharks (Squatiniformes), and saw sharks (Pristiophoriformes). However, the revision of our morphological data matrix within a molecular framework highlights the lack of morphological characters defining certain groups, especially sharks of the order Squaliformes, hampering the phylogenetic resolution of Protospinax annectans with certainty. Furthermore, the monophyly of modern sharks retrieved by molecular studies is only weakly supported by morphological data, stressing the need for more characters to align morphological and molecular studies in the future.

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PAPAGEORGIOU, MARIOS, ELIZABETH BENGIL G.T., ROBIN SNAPE, and LOUIS HADJIOANNOU. "Increased knowledge affects public attitude and perception towards elasmobranchs and support for conservation." Mediterranean Marine Science 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.28749.

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The tendency of world media to villainize of sharks has likely contributed to a disparity in the distribution of research and conservation resources among threatened marine megavertebrates, with elasmobranchs losing out. Increased public knowledge on elasmobranchs can shape public attitude and foster and gain support for elasmobranch conservation. Through an online survey, this study aimed to evaluate the drivers of public knowledge and examine linkages between awareness of elasmobranchs and attitude toward their conservation. To explore the relationships and effects between the different predicting variables and public elasmobranch knowledge and attitude indices, bi- and multi-variate analysis and a partial least squares path model were used. The results indicated that the average public elasmobranch knowledge of the Cypriot population was moderate and the average public attitude towards elasmobranchs was relatively low. Marine-related activities and marine-related education were highly correlated with increased public elasmobranch knowledge and were the strongest predictors of the partial least squares path model which explained a high degree of variation in elasmobranch knowledge. Public elasmobranch knowledge was highly correlated with public attitude towards elasmobranchs. The findings of this study highlighted the importance of ocean literacy and education and provide insights into the mechanisms for developing and designing successful advocacy actions for elasmobranch conservation.

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Biriukov, A. V. "On the Stratigraphic Significance of Elasmobranchs (Chondrichtyes, Elasmobranchii)) in the Cenomanian of the Volga River Basin (Right Bank)." Series: Earth Sciences 18, no. 1 (2018): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7663-2018-18-1-27-40.

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21

Cheng, Zhengwu, Lucas G. Spencer, and Jiri Zidek. "Edestus (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Carboniferous of Xinjiang, China." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1996, no. 11 (December 11, 1996): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1996/1996/701.

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22

Nishimura, Osamu, John Rozewicki, Kazuaki Yamaguchi, Kaori Tatsumi, Yuta Ohishi, Tazro Ohta, Masaru Yagura, et al. "Squalomix: shark and ray genome analysis consortium and its data sharing platform." F1000Research 11 (September 21, 2022): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.123591.1.

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The taxon Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) contains one of the long-established evolutionary lineages of vertebrates with a tantalizing collection of species occupying critical aquatic habitats. To overcome the current limitation in molecular resources, we launched the Squalomix Consortium in 2020 to promote a genome-wide array of molecular approaches, specifically targeting shark and ray species. Among the various bottlenecks in working with elasmobranchs are their elusiveness and low fecundity as well as the large and highly repetitive genomes. Their peculiar body fluid composition has also hindered the establishment of methods to perform routine cell culturing required for their karyotyping. In the Squalomix consortium, these obstacles are expected to be solved through a combination of in-house cytological techniques including karyotyping of cultured cells, chromatin preparation for Hi-C data acquisition, and high fidelity long-read sequencing. The resources and products obtained in this consortium, including genome and transcriptome sequences, a genome browser powered by JBrowse2 to visualize sequence alignments, and comprehensive matrices of gene expression profiles for selected species are accessible through https://github.com/Squalomix/info.

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23

Brown, Brandon R. "Modeling an electrosensory landscape." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 999–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.7.999.

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SUMMARYMost biological sensory systems benefit from multiple sensors. Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates and rays) possess an array of electroreceptive organs that facilitate prey location, mate location and navigation. Here, the perceived electrosensory landscape for an elasmobranch approaching prey is mathematically modeled. The voltages that develop simultaneously in dozens of separate sensing organs are calculated using electrodynamics. These voltages lead directly to firing rate modifications in the primary afferent nerves. The canals connecting the sense organs to an elasmobranch's surface exhibit great variation of location and orientation. Here, the voltages arising in the sense organs are found to depend strongly on the geometrical distribution of the corresponding canals. Two applications for the modeling technique are explored: an analysis of observed elasmobranch prey-capture behavior and an analysis of morphological optimization. For the former, results in specific predator-prey scenarios are compared with behavioral observations, supporting the approach algorithm suggested by A. Kalmijn. For the latter, electrosensory performance is contrasted for two geometrical models of multiple sense organs,a rounded head and a hammer-shaped head.

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Spath, M. C., M. Deli Antoni, and G. Delpiani. "Dentition of the apron rayDiscopyge tschudii(Elasmobranchii: Narcinidae)." Journal of Fish Biology 91, no. 4 (September 14, 2017): 1166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13411.

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Ward, David. "Henri Cappetta: Chondrichthyes II, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7, no. 4 (January 22, 1988): 474–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1988.10011678.

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Kriwet, Jürgen, Andrea Engelbrecht, Thomas Mörs, Marcelo Reguero, and Cathrin Pfaff. "Ultimate Eocene (Priabonian) chondrichthyans (Holocephali, Elasmobranchii) of Antarctica." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36, no. 4 (April 12, 2016): e1160911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2016.1160911.

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Soler-Gij�n, Rodrigo. "Occipital spine ofOrthacanthus (Xenacanthidae, Elasmobranchii): Structure and growth." Journal of Morphology 242, no. 1 (October 1999): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199910)242:1<1::aid-jmor2>3.0.co;2-9.

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Soler-Gijón, Rodrigo. "Phylogenetic relationships of LebachacanthidaeSoler-Gijón 1997 (Xenacanthiformes; Elasmobranchii)." PalZ 74, no. 3 (December 2000): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02988107.

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Marongiu, Martina F., Cristina Porcu, Andrea Bellodi, Danila Cuccu, Antonello Mulas, and Maria C. Follesa. "Oviducal gland microstructure ofRaja miraletusandDipturus oxyrinchus(Elasmobranchii, Rajidae)." Journal of Morphology 276, no. 11 (August 12, 2015): 1392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20426.

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Rigg, Damian P., Stirling C. Peverell, Mark Hearndon, and Jamie E. Seymour. "Do elasmobranch reactions to magnetic fields in water show promise for bycatch mitigation?" Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 9 (2009): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08180.

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Elasmobranchs are under increasing pressure from targeted fisheries worldwide, but unregulated bycatch is perhaps their greatest threat. This study tested five elasmobranch bycatch species (Sphyrna lewini, Carcharhinus tilstoni, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, Rhizoprionodon acutus, Glyphis glyphis) and one targeted teleost species (Lates calcarifer) to determine whether magnetic fields caused a reaction response and/or change in spatial use of experimental arena. All elasmobranch species reacted to magnets at distances between 0.26 and 0.58 m at magnetic strengths between 25 and 234 gauss and avoided the area around the magnets. Contrastingly, the teleosts showed no reaction response and congregated around the magnets. The different reactions of the teleosts and elasmobranchs are presumably driven by the presence of ampullae of Lorenzini in the elasmobranchs; different reaction distances between elasmobranch species appeared to correlate with their feeding ecology. Elasmobranchs with a higher reliance on the electroreceptive sense to locate prey reacted to the magnets at the greatest distance, except G. glyphis. Notably, this is the only elasmobranch species tested with a fresh- and salt-water phase in their ecology, which may account for the decreased magnetic sensitivity. The application of magnets worldwide to mitigate the bycatch of elasmobranchs appears promising based on these results.

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Randhawa, Haseeb S., and Robert Poulin. "Tapeworm discovery in elasmobranch fishes: quantifying patterns and identifying their correlates." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 1 (2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18418.

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Most parasites from known host species are yet to be discovered and described, let alone those from host species not yet known to science. Here, we use tapeworms of elasmobranchs to identify factors influencing their discovery and explaining the time lag between the descriptions of elasmobranch hosts and their respective tapeworm parasites. The dataset included 918 tapeworm species from 290 elasmobranch species. Data were analysed using linear mixed-effects models. Our findings indicated that we are currently in the midst of the greatest rate of discovery for tapeworms exploiting elasmobranchs. We identified tapeworm size, year of discovery of the type host, host latitudinal range and type locality of the parasite influencing most on the probability of discovery of tapeworms from elasmobranchs and the average time lag between descriptions of elasmobranchs and their tapeworms. The time lag between descriptions is decreasing progressively, but, at current rates and number of taxonomic experts, it will take two centuries to clear the backlog of undescribed tapeworms from known elasmobranch species. Given that the number of new elasmobranch species described each year is on the rise, we need to re-assess funding strategies to save elasmobranchs (and, thus, their tapeworm parasites) before they go extinct.

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JONES, CHRISTIAN M., WILLIAM B. III DRIGGERS, JOSÉ I. CASTRO, and MARCELO R. DE CARVALHO. "On the attribution of authorship for several elasmobranch species in Müller and Henle’s Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)." Zootaxa 4052, no. 5 (December 7, 2015): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.5.4.

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Even in light of the recent peak in new species descriptions of elasmobranchs (summarized in White & Last, 2012), Johannes Müller and Friedrich Henle’s Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen (1839–1841) stands as a major achievement in chondrichthyan taxonomy. This volume included all elasmobranch species then known as well as descriptions of 61 new species (for a total of 214 species), and established many of the family-level groups still in use today. Müller & Henle’s work, however, would not have been possible without the collaboration of other naturalists who provided specimens for examination, detailed notes, and illustrations (Müller & Henle, 1841). Four men in particular made significant enough contributions to warrant Müller & Henle attributing the authority of several species to them: Achille Valenciennes (1794–1865), Gabriel Bibron (1805–1848), Heinrich Bürger (1806–1858), and Andrew Smith (1797–1872). In nearly every case however, authority is currently placed on Müller & Henle themselves, and not the gentlemen to whom they gave credit.

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Barkaszi, Zoltán, and Oleksandr Kovalchuk. "New records of Oligocene selachians (Elasmobranchii) from the Outer Carpathian Basin." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 301, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2021/1006.

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Dell'Apa, Andrea, David G. Kimmel, and Simona Clò. "Trends of fish and elasmobranch landings in Italy: associated management implications." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 6 (May 3, 2012): 1045–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss067.

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Abstract Dell'Apa, A., Kimmel, D. G., and Clò, S. 2012. Trends of fish and elasmobranch landings in Italy: associated management implications. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1045–1052. Elasmobranchs are extremely vulnerable to overexploitation, owing to their specific biology and life-history characteristics. However, European-managed shark fisheries have historically received less attention than fisheries targeting more commercially important fish species. We analysed and compared the national data of elasmobranch and fish landings in Italy between 1959 and 2004 to examine changes in fishery interest and the exploitation of elasmobranchs over time. Rays (Raja spp.) and smooth-hounds (Mustelus spp.) are the only elasmobranch categories present in the data, but also other similar species could have been mistakenly counted within these groups. Elasmobranch landings were steady until the beginning of the 1970s, peaked in the 1990s, then sharply declined. The mean annual landing for elasmobranchs between 1997 and 2004 decreased 77% compared with the previous years (1959–1982). This decrease may be attributed to overharvesting that occurred during the 1980s and 1990s in Italian seas. This was likely a direct consequence of the 41/82-law, which was developed to manage fish and not elasmobranchs. A direct effect of the 41/82-law was the establishment of an unreported and unregulated elasmobranch fishery since 1983 that lasted almost 10 years. We suggest that the conservation status of elasmobranch species in the Mediterranean and Black Seas be reconsidered.

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Johanson, Zerina, Esther Manzanares, Charlie Underwood, Brett Clark, Vincent Fernandez, and Moya Smith. "Evolution of the Dentition in Holocephalans (Chondrichthyes) Through Tissue Disparity." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 3 (July 3, 2020): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa093.

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Abstract The Holocephali is a major group of chondrichthyan fishes, the sister taxon to the sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii). However, the dentition of extant holocephalans is very different from that of the elasmobranchs, lacking individual tooth renewal, but comprising dental plates made entirely of self-renewing dentine. This renewal of all tissues occurs at the postero-lingual plate surface, as a function of their statodont condition. The fossil record of the holocephalans illuminates multiple different trends in the dentition, including shark-like teeth through to those with dentitions completely lacking individual teeth. Different taxa illustrate developmental retention of teeth but with fusion in their serial development. Dentine of different varieties comprises these teeth and composite dental plates, whose histology includes vascularized tubes within coronal dentine, merging with basal trabecular dentine. In this coronal vascularized dentine, extensive hypermineralization forms a wear resistant tissue transformed into a variety of morphologies. Through evolution, hypermineralized dentine becomes enclosed within the trabecular dentine, and specialized by reduction into specific zones within a composite dental plate, with these increasing in morphological disparity, all reflecting loss of defined teeth but retention of dentine production from the inherited developmental package.

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Sáez, Sylvia, Germán Pequeño, and Julio Lamilla. "Clave taxonómica del Superorden Squalomorphi de Chile (Pisces: Elasmobranchii)." Revista de biología marina y oceanografía 45 (December 2010): 619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-19572010000400008.

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Klimpfinger, C., and J. Kriwet. "Comparative morphology of labial cartilages in sharks (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)." European Zoological Journal 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2020.1844323.

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García-Prieto, Luis, and Aldo Iván Merlo-Serna. "A checklist of helminth parasites of Elasmobranchii in Mexico." ZooKeys 563 (February 15, 2016): 73–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.563.6067.

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KRIWET, J., and M. BENTON. "Neoselachian (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) diversity across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 214, no. 3 (November 18, 2004): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(04)00420-1.

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Chen, Xiao, Weiming Ai, Xiaofang Shi, and Tingwei Gao. "Mitochondrial genome of the ringstraked guitarfishRhinobatos hynnicephalus(Elasmobranchii: Rajiformes)." Mitochondrial DNA 26, no. 4 (October 3, 2013): 653–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.836520.

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41

Guinot, Guillaume, and Lionel Cavin. "‘Fish’ (Actinopterygii and Elasmobranchii) diversification patterns through deep time." Biological Reviews 91, no. 4 (June 23, 2015): 950–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12203.

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Siverson, Mikael, David J. Ward, Johan Lindgren, and L. Scott Kelley. "Mid-CretaceousCretoxyrhina(Elasmobranchii) from Mangyshlak, Kazakhstan and Texas, USA." Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 37, no. 1 (March 2013): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03115518.2012.709440.

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43

Shimada, Kenshu. "Dentition of Late Cretaceous shark,Ptychodus mortoni(Elasmobranchii, Ptychodontidae)." Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32, no. 6 (November 2012): 1271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2012.707997.

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44

Hampe, Oliver, and Alexander Ivanov. "Bransonelliformes – a new order of the Xenacanthimorpha (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)." Fossil Record – Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde 10, no. 2 (August 2007): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200700005.

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Hentschel, Hartmut. "Renal architecture of the dogfish Scyliorhinus caniculus (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)." Zoomorphology 107, no. 2 (August 1987): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00312121.

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Anaya-López, Paola, and Martha Patricia Ramírez-Pinilla. "Clasper gland morphology and development inPotamotrygon magdalenae(Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae)." Journal of Morphology 278, no. 3 (January 23, 2017): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20647.

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47

Winter, Sara Tabea, Fahmi, Didik Rudianto, Betty J. L. Laglbauer, Isabel Ender, and Colin A. Simpfendorfer. "Immature individuals dominate elasmobranch fisheries of the Bali Strait." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 11 (2020): 1488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19300.

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Elasmobranchs play an important role in the functioning of marine ecosystems and top-down control in food webs. However, overexploitation threatens elasmobranch populations worldwide. Indonesia is currently the leading elasmobranch fishing nation, yet elasmobranch management in Indonesia is challenging because of the paucity of data on elasmobranch fisheries, especially at a species level. This study examined the elasmobranch fisheries of the Bali Strait by describing the species, sex and size composition of the elasmobranch catch landed at a major port in Eastern Java, Indonesia. Data were collected between August 2017 and March 2018 in Muncar. Elasmobranchs were identified to species level and sexed. The disc width and length of 301 rays and the precaudal length and fork length of 1657 sharks were measured. In all, 53 species were identified, many of which are at conservation risk, including species with national and international protection. Vulnerability to fishing gear varied across sex and size of each species, with immature individuals dominating the catch of most species. The findings emphasise the need for improved management of elasmobranchs in Indonesia and could help identify priorities or form strategies. Additional regional and fisheries-specific research is recommended to develop efficient and locally adapted management strategies.

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Verde, Cinzia, M. Cristina De Rosa, Daniela Giordano, Donato Mosca, Donatella De Pascale, Luca Raiola, Ennio Cocca, Vitale Carratore, Bruno Giardina, and Guido Di Prisco. "Structure, function and molecular adaptations of haemoglobins of the polar cartilaginous fish Bathyraja eatonii and Raja hyperborea." Biochemical Journal 389, no. 2 (July 5, 2005): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050305.

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Cartilaginous fish are very ancient organisms. In the Antarctic sea, the modern chondrichthyan genera are poorly represented, with only three species of sharks and eight species of skates; the paucity of chondrichthyans is probably an ecological consequence of unusual trophic or habitat conditions in the Southern Ocean. In the Arctic, there are 26 species belonging to the class Chondrichthyes. Fish in the two polar regions have been subjected to different regional histories that have influenced the development of diversity: Antarctic marine organisms are highly stenothermal, in response to stable water temperatures, whereas the Arctic communities are exposed to seasonal temperature variations. The structure and function of the oxygen-transport haem protein from the Antarctic skate Bathyraja eatonii and from the Arctic skate Raja hyperborea (both of the subclass Elasmobranchii, order Rajiformes, family Rajidae) is reported in the present paper. These species have a single major haemoglobin (Hb 1; over 80% of the total). The Bohr-proton and the organophosphate-binding sites are absent. Thus the haemoglobins of northern and southern polar skates appear functionally similar, whereas differences were observed with several temperate elasmobranchs. Such evidence suggests that, in temperate and polar habitats, physiological adaptations have evolved along distinct pathways, whereas, in this case, the effect of the differences characterizing the two polar environments is negligible.

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Malyshkina, T. P. "Striatolamia tchelkarnurensis Glickman (Elasmobranchii: Lamniformes), the Youngest Valid Striatolamia Species." Paleontological Journal 55, no. 2 (March 2021): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030121020088.

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50

Hampe, O., and A. Ivanov. "Bransonelliformes – a new order of the Xenacanthimorpha (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)." Fossil Record 10, no. 2 (August 1, 2007): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-10-190-2007.

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The order Bransonelliformes is erected for the genera <i>Bransonella</i> Harlton, 1933 and <i>Barbclabornia</i> Johnson, 2003 based on the distinct characters of an inverted "V"-nested pattern of ornamentation preliminary on the labial aspect at the tooth cusps, the presence of labial foramina, and the occasional occurrence of a centrally positioned lingual opening of a main nutrient canal at the bases of the teeth. The Bransonelliformes comprises the primitive sister group to the Xenacanthiformes within the Xenacanthimorpha. <br><br> Für die Gattungen <i>Bransonella</i> Harlton, 1933 und <i>Barbclabornia</i> Johnson, 2003 wird die neue Ordnung Bransonelliformes eingeführt basierend auf den Merkmalen von bevorzugt auf der labialen Seite der Zahnspitzen auftretenden, dachziegelartig ineinander geschachtelten Skulpturleisten, dem Vorhandensein labialer Foramina sowie dem häufigen Auftreten einer größeren lingualen Öffnung an der Zahnbasis, dem Durchtritt eines zentralen Nährkanals. Die Bransonelliformes stellen die ursprünglichere Schwestergruppe zu den Xenacanthiformes innerhalb der Xenacanthimorpha dar. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.200700005" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.200700005</a>

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