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Journal articles on the topic 'Elastic moduli of thin films'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Cho, Ki-Hyun, and Youngman Kim. "Elastic modulus measurement of multilayer metallic thin films." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 5 (1999): 1996–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0269.

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Two- and three-layer composite models were developed using a beam vibration theory, and the models were applied for measuring Young's moduli of thin metallic films. The Cr, Ni, and Co-coated Si wafer composites (two-layer composite) and (Cr/Ti/Si) composites (three-layer composite) were produced by radio-frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering and used to test the developed models. Young's moduli of (Cr) films obtained by the three-layer composite model agree well with those of (Cr) films obtained by the two-layer composite model, considering (Ti/Si) as the one layer and (Cr) as the other layer. T

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2

Wei, Zhongxin, Guoping Zhang, Hao Chen, Jian Luo, Ranran Liu, and Shengmin Guo. "A simple method for evaluating elastic modulus of thin films by nanoindentation." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 3 (2009): 801–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0126.

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A simple empirical method that extracts the elastic moduli of both thin films and the underlying substrates is proposed and validated by both new nanoindentation experiments and published data. Deconvolution of thin film’s elastic properties from the substrate is achieved by statistical estimation, where a simple function relating the elastic moduli of the thin film and substrate to the film-substrate composite modulus is used to fit the experimental data plotted against the logarithmic indentation depth normalized by film thickness. Experimental data from a wide range of soft and hard films o

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3

Martinschitz, K. J., R. Daniel, C. Mitterer, and J. Keckes. "Elastic constants of fibre-textured thin films determined by X-ray diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, no. 3 (2009): 416–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809011807.

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A new methodology is presented that allows the rapid determination of elastic constants of cubic fibre-textured thin films by X-ray diffraction. The theoretical concept is developed and tested on calculated examples of Cu and CrN films. The mechanical elastic constants are extrapolated from X-ray elastic constants by taking into consideration crystal and macroscopic elastic anisotropy. The derived algorithm enables the determination of a reflection and the corresponding value of the X-ray anisotropic factor Γ for which the X-ray elastic constants are equal to their mechanical counterparts in t

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4

Hurley, D. C., R. H. Geiss, M. Kopycinska-Müller, et al. "Anisotropic elastic properties of nanocrystalline nickel thin films." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 5 (2005): 1186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0146.

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The elastic properties of a nickel film approximately 800 nm thick were measured with nanoindentation, microtensile testing, atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM), and surface acoustic wave (SAW) spectroscopy. Values for the indentation modulus (220–223 GPa) and Young’s modulus (177–204 GPa) were lower than predicted for randomly oriented polycrystalline nickel. The observed behavior was attributed to grain-boundary effects in the nanocrystalline film. In addition, the different measurement results were not self-consistent when interpreted assuming elastic isotropy. Agreement was improved by

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5

Hong, S. H., K. S. Kim, Y. M. Kim, J. H. Hahn, C. S. Lee, and J. H. Park. "Characterization of elastic moduli of Cu thin films using nanoindentation technique." Composites Science and Technology 65, no. 9 (2005): 1401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.12.010.

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6

KALKHORAN, SALMON M., NUWONG CHOLLACOOP, and ANDREW GOULDSTONE. "EFFECTS OF PLASTIC ANISOTROPY AND HARDENING ON INDENTATION MODULUS OF THIN FILMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (2010): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210064186.

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In this study we have modeled the Berkovich indentation response of elastic-plastic thin films on elastic-plastic substrates, the modulus of film and substrate being equivalent, using FEM. The stimulus for this investigation was experimental indentation data of rapidly quenched nickel thin films on stainless steel substrates, for which depth-dependent, significantly low (>50% decrease) moduli were extracted via the Oliver-Pharr method. This was notable because both film and substrate had the same elastic modulus. Previous studies showed that differences in plastic behavior could elicit such

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7

Cammarata, R. C., and K. Sieradzki. "Effects of surface stress on the elastic moduli of thin films and superlattices." Physical Review Letters 62, no. 17 (1989): 2005–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.62.2005.

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8

Hahm, Si-Woo, and Dahl-Young Khang. "Crystallization and microstructure-dependent elastic moduli of ferroelectric P(VDF–TrFE) thin films." Soft Matter 6, no. 22 (2010): 5802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00350f.

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9

Stafford, Christopher M., Christopher Harrison, Kathryn L. Beers, et al. "A buckling-based metrology for measuring the elastic moduli of polymeric thin films." Nature Materials 3, no. 8 (2004): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat1175.

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10

Jayaraman, S., R. L. Edwards, and K. J. Hemker. "Relating mechanical testing and microstructural features of polysilicon thin films." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 3 (1999): 688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0094.

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Polycrystalline silicon thin films (polysilicon) have been deposited on single crystalline silicon substrates, and square and rectangular windows have been etched into these substrates using standard micromachining techniques. Pressure-displacement curves of the resulting polysilicon membranes have been obtained for these geometries, and this data has been used to determine the elastic constants E and v. The microstructural features of the films have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction. The grains were observed to be columnar and were found to have

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11

LEROY, S., and E. CHARLAIX. "Hydrodynamic interactions for the measurement of thin film elastic properties." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 674 (March 17, 2011): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010006555.

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We study the elasto-hydrodynamic (EHD) interaction of a sphere with a flat elastic surface in the prospect of measuring the elastic moduli of soft supported thin films, with non-contact dynamic surface forces or atomic force microscopy measurements. When the sphere is oscillated at a very small amplitude close to the surface, the linear force response undergoes a dynamic transition from a viscous-dominated behaviour at large distance to an elastic-dominated behaviour at short distance. In the limit of very thin or very thick supported layers, we show that the force response obeys simple scalin

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12

Rawdanowicz, T. A., V. Godbole, J. Narayan, J. Sankar, and A. Sharma. "The hardnesses and elastic moduli of pulsed laser deposited multilayer AlN/TiN thin films." Composites Part B: Engineering 30, no. 7 (1999): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-8368(99)00038-4.

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13

Small, Martha K., Brian J. Daniels, Bruce M. Clemens, and William D. Nix. "The elastic biaxial modulus of Ag–Pd multilayered thin films measured using the bulge test." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 1 (1994): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.0025.

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Analysis and sample preparation techniques for the bulge test have been improved to the point where the test can provide reliable and accurate measurements of the mechanical properties of thin films. Ag-Pd multilayer films of variable bilayer period were prepared for this study and characterized by cross-section transmission electron microscopy and by x-ray methods. The films were tested in the bulge test to determine their biaxial moduli. The data show no peak in biaxial modulus at a critical composition wavelength and no nonlinear elastic behavior. They do show a slight trend toward increasi

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14

Schmidt, Stefan, and Craig A. Grimes. "Characterization of nano-dimensional thin-film elastic moduli using magnetoelastic sensors." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 94, no. 3 (2001): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(01)00708-7.

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15

Ger, Muh-Ling, and Richard B. Brown. "Sputtered WSix for micromechanical structures." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 7 (1995): 1710–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1710.

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Tungsten silicide (WSix) thin tilms have been investigated for use as integrated circuit interconnect and self-aligned MESFET (metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor) gates because of their low resistivity and thermal and chemical stability. These same characteristics make them interesting materials for prospective use in micromechanical structures. However, little information on residual stresses, elastic moduli, or other micromechanical properties has been available for refractory metal silicide thin films. This paper presents the morphology and stress characteristics of cosputtered WSi

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16

Jugade, Sanket S., Anuj Aggarwal, and Akshay K. Naik. "Nanomechanical spectroscopy of ultrathin silicon nitride suspended membranes." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 94, no. 2 (2021): 20301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2021210068.

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Mechanical properties of a nanomechanical resonator significantly impact the performance of a resonant Nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) device. We study the mechanical properties of suspended membranes fabricated out of low-pressure chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride thin films. We fabricated doubly-clamped membranes of silicon nitride with thickness less than 50 nm and length varying from 5 to 60 μm. The elastic modulus and stress in the suspended membranes were measured using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)-based nanomechanical spectroscopy. The elastic moduli of the suspended membra

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17

Schweitzer, E. W., and M. Göken. "In situ bulge testing in an atomic force microscope: Microdeformation experiments of thin film membranes." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 10 (2007): 2902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0373.

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A new bulge testing setup for the measurement of the mechanical properties of thin films is presented. This self-built device can be incorporated in an atomic force microscope (AFM), which allows the recording of topographic images of the observed sample membranes under load conditions. Bulge test experiments on different silicon nitride films are presented and compared to nanoindentation experiments. The measured elastic moduli from nanoindentation and bulge testing are in good agreement. Apart from that, the ability to extract stress–strain data from AFM scans is shown, and the results are c

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18

Schweitz, Jan-Åke. "Mechanical Characterization of Thin Films by Micromechanical Techniques." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 7 (1992): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400041646.

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Evaluating the mechanical properties of thin films on thick substrates is tricky. Some useful techniques for mechanical property measurements on macroscopic film specimens exist, e.g., internal stress measurements by x-ray diffraction or by wafer buckling. Many conventional techniques, however, such as indentation for hardness measurement or scratch testing for evaluation of adhesion or wear resistance, yield results that are difficult or impossible to evaluate in terms of more fundamental film properties. In fact, these techniques are more practical engineering tools than tools for scientific

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19

KAN, KEVIN H. M., and EMILY D. CRANSTON. "Mechanical testing of thin film nanocellulose composites using buckling mechanics." TAPPI Journal 12, no. 4 (2013): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj12.4.9.

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The Young’s modulus of multilayer films containing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was measured using a buckling-based method and compared to analogous films containing nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and PEI [1]. For films 61 nm to 1.7 μm thick, the Young’s modulus was constant but strongly dependent on relative humidity. Films were stiffer at lower relative humidities, with modulus values of 16 ± 5, 12 ± 1, and 3.5 ± 0.3 GPa at 30%, 42%, and 64% relative humidities, respectively. CNC/PEI films had larger elastic moduli than NFC/PEI films. Both types of nanocellulose

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20

Ghidelli, Matteo, Marco Sebastiani, Christian Collet, and Raphael Guillemet. "Determination of the elastic moduli and residual stresses of freestanding Au-TiW bilayer thin films by nanoindentation." Materials & Design 106 (September 2016): 436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.06.003.

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21

Rogers, John A., Lisa Dhar, and Keith A. Nelson. "Noncontact determination of transverse isotropic elastic moduli in polyimide thin films using a laser based ultrasonic method." Applied Physics Letters 65, no. 3 (1994): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112356.

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22

Moreau, A., J. B. Ketterson, and B. Davis. "A new ultrasonic method for measuring elastic moduli in unsupported thin films: Application to Cu‐Pd superlattices." Journal of Applied Physics 68, no. 4 (1990): 1622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346642.

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23

KOGUCHI, Hideo, and Etsuo NAGUMO. "Determination of Elastic Moduli of Thin Films Using Inverse Technique. Discussion on Data Sampling in Identation Method." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 62, no. 594 (1996): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.62.513.

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24

Alam, Md Shahbaz, Chandan Kumar Ghosh, Nillohit Mukherjee, and Sk Faruque Ahmed. "Nanostructure Evolution and Optical Properties of Silver Doped Diamond Like Carbon Thin Film on Soft Polymer." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (2018): 5731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12187.

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Effect of silver doping on nanostructure evolution and optical properties of diamond like carbon films synthesized on elastomeric polymer of poly-dimenthylsiloxane (PDMS) and silicon substrate via radio frequency reactive sputtering technique were studied in detail. Due to difference in elastic moduli of PDMS substrate and silver doped diamond like carbon (Ag:DLC) films, a well-defined nanostructure wrinkle pattern have formed on PDMS for releasing the strain energy induced by residually compressed stress in Ag:DLC film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed the different bonding

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25

Robinson, Meghan, Karolina Valente, and Stephanie Willerth. "A Novel Toolkit for Characterizing the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Engineered Neural Tissues." Biosensors 9, no. 2 (2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9020051.

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We have designed and validated a set of robust and non-toxic protocols for directly evaluating the properties of engineered neural tissue. These protocols characterize the mechanical properties of engineered neural tissues and measure their electrophysical activity. The protocols obtain elastic moduli of very soft fibrin hydrogel scaffolds and voltage readings from motor neuron cultures. Neurons require soft substrates to differentiate and mature, however measuring the elastic moduli of soft substrates remains difficult to accurately measure using standard protocols such as atomic force micros

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26

GUO, JIAN-GANG, and YA-PU ZHAO. "THE SURFACE- AND SIZE-DEPENDENT ELASTIC MODULI OF NANOSTRUCTURES." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 04 (2007): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07010044.

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A theoretical model is presented to investigate the size-dependent elastic moduli of nanostructures with the effects of the surface relaxation surface energy taken into consideration. At nanoscale, due to the large ratios of the surface-to-volume, the surface effects, which include surface relaxation surface energy, etc., can play important roles. Thus, the elastic moduli of nanostructures become surface- and size-dependent. In the research, the three-dimensional continuum model of the nanofilm with the surface effects is investigated. The analytical expressions of five nonzero elastic moduli

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27

Jun, Sukky, Tenzin Tashi, and Harold S. Park. "Size Dependence of the Nonlinear Elastic Softening of Nanoscale Graphene Monolayers under Plane-Strain Bulge Tests: A Molecular Dynamics Study." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/380286.

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The pressure bulge test is an experimental technique to characterize the mechanical properties of microscale thin films. Here, we perform constant-temperature molecular dynamics simulations of the plane-strain cylindrical bulge test of nanosized monolayer graphene subjected to high gas pressure induced by hydrogen molecules. We observe a nonlinear elastic softening of the graphene with an increase in hydrogen pressure due to the stretching and weakening of the carbon-carbon bonds; we further observe that this softening behavior depends upon the size of the graphene monolayers. Our simulation r

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28

Rogers, J. A., and K. A. Nelson. "Photoacoustic determination of the residual stress and transverse isotropic elastic moduli in thin films of the polyimide PMDA/ODA." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 42, no. 4 (1995): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/58.393098.

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29

Kumon, R. E., and D. C. Hurley. "Effects of residual stress on the thin-film elastic moduli calculated from surface acoustic wave spectroscopy experiments." Thin Solid Films 484, no. 1-2 (2005): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.02.033.

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30

Eremeyev, Victor A., and Tomasz Wiczenbach. "On Effective Bending Stiffness of a Laminate Nanoplate Considering Steigmann–Ogden Surface Elasticity." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217402.

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As at the nanoscale the surface-to-volume ratio may be comparable with any characteristic length, while the material properties may essentially depend on surface/interface energy properties. In order to get effective material properties at the nanoscale, one can use various generalized models of continuum. In particular, within the framework of continuum mechanics, the surface elasticity is applied to the modelling of surface-related phenomena. In this paper, we derive an expression for the effective bending stiffness of a laminate plate, considering the Steigmann–Ogden surface elasticity. To

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31

Schuller, Ivan K., A. Fartash, and M. Grimsditch. "Elastic Anomalies in Superlattices." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 10 (1990): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400058644.

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The presence and origin of elastic anomalies in superlattices, interfaces, composites, and nanocrystalline materials has been a subject of much interest and controversy in recent years. In particular, superlattices are being used as model systems to study the effect of interfaces on the mechanical properties of novel materials. Early claims of anomalously large enhancements of the biaxial and flexural moduli of Au/Ni and Cu/Ni superlattices (“supermodulus effect”) created considerable controversy and contradictory reports in the experimental and theoretical literature. To understand the mechan

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Paraguay-Delgado, Francisco, Abel Hurtado-Macias, and Oscar Solis-Canto. "Zn dopant effect on growth, morphology, texture and mechanical properties of SnO2 thin films." Superficies y Vacío 31, no. 1 (2018): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47566/2018_syv31_1-010016.

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When tin oxide thin film is doped with Zn, it grows textured and improves its mechanical properties. The material was synthesized on alkali-free borosilicate glass substrates by spray pyrolysis technique. The elemental composition was determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The morphology and microstructure of films were examined by electron microscopy techniques, they shown different shapes of crystalline particles according to the dopant content. From X-ray diffraction patterns processed by Rietveld refinement methodology was determine lattice

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33

Moody, N. R., A. Strojny, D. L. Medlin, A. Talin, and W. W. Gerberich. "Substrate composition effects on the interfacial fracture of tantalum nitride films." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 6 (1999): 2306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0307.

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In this study we combined nanoscratch testing with a multilayer sapphire and aluminum nitride single-substrate system to determine the effects of interface composition and structure on susceptibility to fracture of hard, thin tantalum nitride films. Nanoindentation tests showed that the elastic moduli of the tantalum nitride and aluminum nitride films, as well as the sapphire substrate, were essentially equal at 400 GPa. On both portions of the substrate, these tests also showed that near surface hardness was near 35 GPa. Nanoscratch tests triggered long blisters and circular spalls on both th

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34

Dominici, Franco, Daniel García García, Vicent Fombuena, et al. "Bio-Polyethylene-Based Composites Reinforced with Alkali and Palmitoyl Chloride-Treated Coffee Silverskin." Molecules 24, no. 17 (2019): 3113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173113.

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This work investigates the feasibility of using coffee silverskin (CSS) as a reinforcing agent in biobased polyethylene (BioPE) composites, by adding it in bulk and thin film samples. The effect of two different treatments, alkali bleaching (CSS_A) and esterification with palmitoyl chloride (CSS_P), on mechanical, thermal, morphological and water absorption behavior of produced materials at different CSS loading (10, 20 and 30 wt %) was investigated. A reactive graft copolymerization of BioPE with maleic anhydride was considered in the case of alkali treated CSS. It was found that, when introd

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35

Jitianu, Mihaela, Andrei Jitianu, Michael Stamper, Doreen Aboagye, and Lisa C. Klein. "Melting Gel Films for Low Temperature Seals." MRS Proceedings 1547 (2013): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.506.

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ABSTRACTMelting gels are silica-based hybrid gels with the curious behavior that they are rigid at room temperature, but soften around 110°C. A typical melting gel is prepared by mixing methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES). MTES has one methyl group substituted for an ethoxy, and DMDES has two substitutions. The methyl groups do not hydrolyze, which limits the network-forming capability of the precursors. To gain insight into the molecular structure of the melting gels, differential scanning calorimetry and oscillatory rheometry studies were performed on melting gels

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De Caro, Viviana, Denise Murgia, Francesco Seidita, et al. "Enhanced In Situ Availability of Aphanizomenon Flos-Aquae Constituents Entrapped in Buccal Films for the Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Related Oral Diseases: Biomechanical Characterization and In Vitro/Ex Vivo Evaluation." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11010035.

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In recent years, the key role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of oral diseases has been emphasized and the use of antioxidant agents has been encouraged. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) is a unicellular blue-green alga with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was the formulation and characterization of mucoadhesive thin layer films loaded with AFA, finalized to the treatment of oxidative stress (OS)-related oral diseases. First, to enhance the bioavailability of AFA constituents, the raw food grade material was appropriately treated by a high frequency homoge

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Friedrich, Sebastian, and Brunero Cappella. "Application of contact-resonance AFM methods to polymer samples." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (November 12, 2020): 1714–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.154.

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Contact-resonance AFM (CR-AFM) has been used in recent years for the measurement of mechanical properties of rather stiff materials, such as ceramics or metals, but also of some polymers. Compared with other techniques providing information on the mechanical properties of a sample, notably force–distance curves, CR-AFM has a much shorter acquisition time. This compensates in part the incomplete theoretical understanding of the underlying physical phenomena and of factors influencing the measurements. A commonly used method to analyze CR data requires the determination of the relative position

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Cocson, Jennifer K., Christine S. Hau, Peijou M. Lee, et al. "Transverse isotropic elastic moduli and in-plane thermal diffusivity in silicon-supported thin films of a photosensitive polyimide measured using impulsive stimulated thermal scattering." Polymer 36, no. 21 (1995): 4069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(95)90986-c.

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Kuntanoo, Karndarthip, Sarunya Promkotra, and Pakawadee Kaewkannetra. "Fabrication of Novel Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-Hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) Mixed with Natural Rubber Latex." Key Engineering Materials 659 (August 2015): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.404.

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Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) is mixed with natural rubber latex to make better mechanical properties of PHBV. The various ratios between PHBV and natural rubber latex are examined to improve their mechanical properties. The PHBV are solid, easily broken, while natural rubber is excessive elastic materials. Concentrations of the employed PHBV solution are 1, 2, and 3 (%w/v). The mixtures of this solution to natural rubber latex are fabricated the biofilms in three different ratios, 4:6, 5:5, and 6:4, respectively. The films are characterized by electron microscope, universal te

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Hensel, Schröter, Schlicke, et al. "Elasticity of Cross-Linked Titania Nanocrystal Assemblies Probed by AFM-Bulge Tests." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (2019): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091230.

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In order to enable advanced technological applications of nanocrystal composites, e.g., as functional coatings and layers in flexible optics and electronics, it is necessary to understand and control their mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to show how the elasticity of such composites depends on the nanocrystals’ dimensionality. To this end, thin films of titania nanodots (TNDs; diameter: ~3–7 nm), nanorods (TNRs; diameter: ~3.4 nm; length: ~29 nm), and nanoplates (TNPs; thickness: ~6 nm; edge length: ~34 nm) were assembled via layer-by-layer spin-coating. 1,12-dodecanedio

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Zhang, Rui, Nitin Kumar, Jennifer L. Ross, Margaret L. Gardel, and Juan J. de Pablo. "Interplay of structure, elasticity, and dynamics in actin-based nematic materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 2 (2017): E124—E133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713832115.

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Achieving control and tunability of lyotropic materials has been a long-standing goal of liquid crystal research. Here we show that the elasticity of a liquid crystal system consisting of a dense suspension of semiflexible biopolymers can be manipulated over a relatively wide range of elastic moduli. Specifically, thin films of actin filaments are assembled at an oil–water interface. At sufficiently high concentrations, one observes the formation of a nematic phase riddled with ±1/2 topological defects, characteristic of a two-dimensional nematic system. As the average filament length increase

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Schwebke, Silvan, Ulf Werner, and Günter Schultes. "Granular metal–carbon nanocomposites as piezoresistive sensor films – Part 2: Modeling longitudinal and transverse strain sensitivity." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 7, no. 1 (2018): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-7-69-2018.

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Abstract. Granular and columnar nickel–carbon composites may exhibit large strain sensitivity, which makes them an interesting sensor material. Based on experimental results and morphological characterization of the material, we develop a model of the electron transport in the film and use it to explain its piezoresistive effect. First we describe a model for the electron transport from particle to particle. The model is then applied in Monte Carlo simulations of the resistance and strain properties of the disordered films that give a first explanation of film properties. The simulations give

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Funabashi, Masahiro, Fumi Ninomiya, Akihiro Oishi, et al. "Highly Accelerated Aging Method for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Film Using Xenon Lamp with Heating System." Journal of Polymers 2016 (April 21, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8547524.

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PET films were degraded at temperature higher than 100°C with steam and xenon light by using the newly developed system. Degradation products obtained using the proposed and conventional systems were essentially the same, as indicated by the similar increase in the intensity of the carbonyl peak near 1685 cm−1 in the FT-IR spectra of irradiated specimens and spectrum of original PET film. Elastic moduli derived from the stress-strain (SS) curves obtained in tensile tests were almost the same in the case of the proposed and conventional systems and were independent of the heating temperature, l

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Solorza-Feria, Javier, Maria Alejandra Ortiz-Zarama, Antonio Jimenez-Aparicio, and Denis Rodrigue. "Production and characterization of fully biobased foamed films based on gelatin." Cellular Polymers 39, no. 2 (2020): 69–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262489319897632.

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The objective of this study was to produce and characterize gelatin foamed films using extrusion. Three “optimum” formulations containing tannic acid, nanoclays (Cloisite Na+), glycerol, water, and gelatin, as well as three “controls” without tannic acid and nanoclays were prepared by calendering. Furthermore, the three “optimum” formulations were produced by extrusion film blowing only, since no stable processing conditions could be obtained for the controls. A complete set of sample characterization was performed, including morphological, mechanical, physical, and thermal properties. The res

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Jaleel, Zaroug, Shun Zhou, Zaira Martín-Moldes, et al. "Expanding Canonical Spider Silk Properties through a DNA Combinatorial Approach." Materials 13, no. 16 (2020): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163596.

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The properties of native spider silk vary within and across species due to the presence of different genes containing conserved repetitive core domains encoding a variety of silk proteins. Previous studies seeking to understand the function and material properties of these domains focused primarily on the analysis of dragline silk proteins, MaSp1 and MaSp2. Our work seeks to broaden the mechanical properties of silk-based biomaterials by establishing two libraries containing genes from the repetitive core region of the native Latrodectus hesperus silk genome (Library A: genes masp1, masp2, tus

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Noonan, Colin, Mehdi Tajvidi, Ali H. Tayeb, Mohsen Shahinpoor, and Seyed Ehsan Tabatabaie. "Structure-Property Relationships in Hybrid Cellulose Nanofibrils/Nafion-Based Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites." Materials 12, no. 8 (2019): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081269.

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Herein, we report the production of ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) hybridized with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) as a partial substitute for Nafion®. The aim is not only to reduce the production cost and enhance respective mechanical/thermal properties but also to bestow a considerable degree of biodegradability to such products. Formulations with different CNF/Nafion® ratios were produced in a thin-film casting process. Crack-free films were air-dried and plated by platinum (Pt) through an oxidation-reduction reaction. The produced hybrids were analyzed in terms of thermal stability, me

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Komvopoulos, K., N. Saka, and N. P. Suh. "The Significance of Oxide Layers in Boundary Lubrication." Journal of Tribology 108, no. 4 (1986): 502–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261253.

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Analytical and experimental studies were conducted on oxidized and nonoxidized pure aluminum, OFHC copper, and electroplated chromium to investigate the role of surface oxide layers in boundary lubrication. The effects of the thickness of the oxide layers, the elastic moduli of the oxide and the metal, and the normal surface traction have been addressed. In addition, several possible failure mechanisms of both thin and thick oxide films have been proposed. The experimental results have shown that low coefficients of friction, about 0.1 or less, and especially low wear can be obtained in bounda

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Khanna, Rohit, Kalpana S. Katti, and Dinesh R. Katti. "In Situ Swelling Behavior of Chitosan-Polygalacturonic Acid/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites in Cell Culture Media." International Journal of Polymer Science 2010 (2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/175264.

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The molecular and mechanical characteristics of in situ degradation behavior of chitosan-polygalacturonic acid/hydroxyapatite (Chi-PgA-HAP) nanocomposite films is investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and modulus mapping techniques for up to 48 days of soaking in cell culture media. The surface molecular structure of media-soaked samples changes over the course of 48 days of soaking, as indicated by significant changes in phosphate vibrations (1200–900 ) indicating apatite formation. Chitosan-Polygalacturonic acid polyelectrolyte comp

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Wang, Gui Gen, Hong Liang Qian, Qing Tao Li, Guo Shuang Qin, and Lin Luo. "Optimal Preparation and Characterization of Sputtered Y₂O₃ Films on Sapphire Substrates." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.266.

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Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 It is necessary to prepare compressive films on sapphire window for preventing its high-temperature failure. In this study, the yttrium oxide (Y2O3) thin films were deposited on the sapphire substrates by RF reactive magnetron sputtering with varying sputtering pressure. The as-deposited Y2O3films were also annealed. The composition, structure, refractive index and mechanical properties of the films were systematically analyzed by XPS, XRD, ellipsometry and nanoindention method, respectively. The influences of sputtering pressure

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Martinschitz, Klaus, Rostislav Daniel, Christian Mitterer, and Keckes Jozef. "A Novel Technique to Determine Elastic Constants of Thin Films." MRS Proceedings 1139 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1139-gg03-31.

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AbstractA new X-ray diffraction technique to determine elastic moduli of polycrystalline thin films deposited on monocrystalline substrates is demonstrated. The technique is based on the combination of sin2ψ and X-ray diffraction wafer curvature techniques which are used to characterize X-ray elastic strains and macroscopic stress in thin film. The strain measurements must be performed for various hkl reflections. The stresses are determined from the substrate curvature applying the Stoney's equation. The stress and strain values are used to calculate hkl reflection dependent X-ray elastic mod

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