Relevant bibliographies by topics / Elastomer industry

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Elastomer industry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Elastomer industry"

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Yu, Liyun, and Anne Ladegaard Skov. "ZnO as a cheap and effective filler for high breakdown strength elastomers." RSC Adv. 7, no. 72 (2017): 45784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09479e.

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Cartasegna, S. "Silane-Grafted / Moisture-Curable Ethylene—Propylene Elastomers for the Cable Industry." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 59, no. 5 (November 1, 1986): 722–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538230.

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Abstract The present study has shown the capability of VTMOS grafting and moisture crosslinking of EP Elastomers. These capabilities are very large and have been shown to be dependent on various parameters. In EP copolymers, the crosslinking potential appears to be a function of the ethylene content, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution. In the case of diene containing terpolymers, the process is shown to be limited by the diene content of the polymer through probable parasitic condensation reactions of grafted alkoxy silane. The good performance of the EP elastomers in silane-grafting/moisture-crosslinking can be also utilized in the modification of LDPE when crosslink rate improvement (elimination of hot-water treatment/hot-water treatment time reduction) or higher flexibility and lower shrinkage are needed. The positive results of this study made possible the development of EP elastomer compounds using silane-grafting and moisture-crosslinking for electrical applications. In Table IX and Table X are reported two EP elastomer compounds respectively for low-voltage and medium-voltage cable insulation applications. The key features of the above mentioned two EP elastomer compounds are the following: • high flexibility (comparable to conventional peroxide cure compound) • good mechanical properties • very fast extrusion (for productivity) • easy/versatile processing • high crosslinking state (set properties) • crosslinkable in ambient conditions.
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Pervez, T., S. Z. Qamar, and Mark van de Velden. "Comparison between fresh and exposed swelling elastomer." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 44, no. 3 (February 6, 2012): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244311420530.

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Last decade has seen growing use of swelling elastomers in various applications by the oil and gas industry. Elastomers with special properties have been developed to sustain the specific downhole conditions of temperature, pressure, and chemical environment in different wells. Apart from targeted short-term tests conducted by rubber developers and drilling application companies, little is known about material characterization of such elastomers. Even these test results are not generally available in the public domain due to proprietary rights. In particular, an important factor that has not been previously explored is the effect of exposure on material response of swelling elastomers. Zonal isolation packers and other forms of elastomer-mounted tubulars are often stacked in open yards for a long time before their deployment in wells. Properties of elastomers may significantly change due to their exposure to air, sunlight, and humidity. Some results from a comparative study of the behavior of fresh and exposed samples of an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)-type water-swelling elastomers are reported here. Methodology of the swelling test was developed in consultation with petroleum engineers and rubber manufacturers. Other experiments were designed and performed in line with standard ASTM test methods. Properties of elastomers that are investigated are hardness, compression set, tensile set, tensile properties, and swelling behavior. Elastomer samples were allowed to swell for a total test duration of 1000 h. Two specimen geometries were tested for swelling: unconfined disc samples to study the behavior of free elastomer and plate samples (elastomer vulcanized on steel plate) to emulate the actual seal performance. Swelling was carried out in salt solutions of different concentrations and at different temperatures. Hardness of exposed elastomer samples (EPDM1) was generally higher than that of fresh samples (EPDM2). Similarly, exposed elastomer showed significantly higher amount of compression set when compared with fresh elastomer. Short-duration tensile set values (10 min test) were almost the same for both sample types. However, tensile set results for the longer-duration tests (10 h and 20 h) were higher for exposed samples. Surprisingly, stress–strain graphs for both fresh and exposed elastomers were almost linear, while rubber-type materials typically show a highly nonlinear behavior. Values of modulus of elasticity and stress at fracture were considerably higher for exposed samples. In contrast, percentage elongation results were higher for fresh samples. Amount of swelling against swelling time showed an up-and-down trend for both the sample types. At the same temperature and under brine solution of the same concentration, fresh elastomer generally swelled far more than the exposed one. The overall observation from the variety of experimental results is that exposure to sun and moisture for extended periods of time reduces the flexibility and swelling capacity of these elastomers.
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Walton, Kim L. "Metallocene Catalyzed Ethylene/Alpha Olefin Copolymers Used in Thermoplastic Elastomers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 77, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 552–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547836.

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Abstract Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) continue to be a focus of significant research as well as commercial development in the rubber industry since their origin over forty years ago. A wide variety of TPEs exist today. Ethylene copolymer and terpolymer based elastomers continue to play an increasing role in this arena. New ethylene copolymers and terpolymers, based upon metallocene catalysis, have further diversified the TPE portfolio. Compounders are now using these new elastomers as modifiers for existing TPEs as well as the principle elastomer in new TPEs
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Seyger, R., S. Resink, H. Harms, and R. Hibberd. "The Future of Swelling Elastomers: An Elastomer Manufacturer's View of Swelling Elastomer Developments and Market Trends." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol10iss1pp50-64.

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Swelling elastomers have gained acceptance as very effective products for creating sealing in various industries, including those creating energy from fossil fuels and geothermal resources. This paper outlines the research and development work being conducted not only in the application of these elastomers but also in the development work required to create new generations of elastomers. It touches on fundamental research into the mechanics of swelling with the intent to create a better and more predictable sealing as well as more advanced elastomers. It lifts the veil on the direction of work being done on new elastomers being developed in order to enable a better control of swelling. By doing so, the research is opening up field of applications for new equipment designs and mechanical possibilities in the future. Additionally, it addresses the need for a better and more in-depth dialogue between both chemical and mechanical engineers, and the elastomer companies and their customers on the potential that both swelling and non-swelling elastomers can offer to the industry as a whole.
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Skalski, Paweł, and Klaudia Kalita. "Role of Magnetorheological Fluids and Elastomers in Today’s World." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2017-0041.

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AbstractThis paper explains the role of magnetorheological fluids and elastomers in today’s world. A review of applications of magnetorheological fluids and elastomers in devices and machines is presented. Magnetorheological fluids and elastomers belong to the smart materials family. Properties of magnetorheological fluids and elastomers can be controlled by a magnetic field. Compared with magnetorheological fluids, magnetorheological elastomers overcome the problems accompanying applications of MR fluids, such as sedimentation, sealing issues and environmental contamination. Magnetorheological fluids and elastomers, due to their ability of dampening vibrations in the presence of a controlled magnetic field, have great potential present and future applications in transport. Magnetorheological fluids are used e.g. dampers, shock absorbers, clutches and brakes. Magnetorheological dampers and magnetorheological shock absorbers are applied e.g. in damping control, in the operation of buildings and bridges, as well as in damping of high-tension wires. In the automotive industry, new solutions involving magnetorheological elastomer are increasingly patented e.g. adaptive system of energy absorption, system of magnetically dissociable [hooks/detents/grips], an vibration reduction system of the car’s drive shaft. The application of magnetorheological elastomer in the aviation structure is presented as well.
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Akhtar, M., Md Velden, and SSA Al-Houqani. "Investigation of Pre- and Post-Swelling Behavior of Elastomeric Material." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol10iss1pp65-79.

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In the last ten years, a new type of modern polymer, known as swelling elastomer, has been used extensively as a sealing element in the oil and gas industry. These elastomers have been instrumental in various new applications such as water shut off, zonal isolation, and sidetracking. Though swell packers can significantly reduce costs and increase productivity, their failure can lead to serious losses. The integrity and reliability of swelling elastomer seals under different field conditions is a major concern. The investigation of changes in material behavior over a specified swelling period is a necessary first step for performance evaluation of elastomer seals. The current study is based on experimental analysis of changes in geometric and mechanical behavior (hardness, tensile, compressive, bulk) of an elastomeric material due to swelling. Tests were carried out before and after various stages of swelling. Specimens were placed in saline water (0.6% and 12% concentrations) at a temperature of 50°C, with the total swelling period being one month. Swelling, hardness, compression, and bulk tests were conducted using disc samples, while ring samples were used for tensile experiments. A small test rig was designed and constructed for determination of bulk modulus. Stress-strain curves under tension and compression, and pressure volumetric-strain curves were obtained for specimens subjected to different swelling periods. Due to the fast-swell nature of the elastomer, there were sharp changes in mechanical properties within the first few days of swelling for both salinities. Elastic modulus derived from tensile and compressive tests showed a 90% decrease in the first few days. Bulk modulus showed fluctuation in its variation with an increasing swelling period. There was a small effect of salinity only during the first 5 or 6 days.
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Yagubov, V. S., A. V. Shchegolkov, A. V. Shchegolkov, and N. R. Memetov. "Studying changes in the electrical resistance of carbon-nanotubes-modified elastomers during their compression, stretching and torsion." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 1(97) (August 10, 2019): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2019-97-1-128-138.

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Developing "smart" materials with improved both structural and functional characteristics is one of the promising areas of materials science. Measuring the electrical resistance of CNTs-modified (various mass contents) polymers and in particular, elastomers during performing several tests (compression, stretching, and torsion) at a constant current is relevant in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, aviation, and space industry. Changes in the elastomer shape under different types of testing lead to the destruction of macromolecules and the structuring of the material as a whole. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of CNTsbased modifying fillers on the elastomer. When compressing, stretching or twisting the nano-modified elastomer, along with the mutual movement of its macromolecular fragments and aggregates, the modifier particles also move, which generally determines the transport of electrons in the resulting structure and affects the physical and mechanical parameters of the composite material. To conduct studies, elastomers containing different amounts of a CNTs-based modifying filler were prepared. To investigate and elucidate relevant dependencies, a measuring system (MS) was constructed, which makes it possible to determine electrical resistance values of the composite material with different CNTs contents in the polymer matrix composition exposed to various mechanical loads. Basing the research results, it was established that the electrical resistance of the elastomer composites modified with 1.0–2.5 wt.% CNTs decreases when compressing from 0 to 100 N, whereas when the compression force ranges from 100 to 350 N, the electrical resistance remains unchanged. When the elastomer composites modified with 2–2.5 wt.% CNTs were stretched by 30–40 %, the electrical resistance was found to increase from 5·103 to 1.9·107 Ω.
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Grootaert, W. M., R. E. Kolb, and A. T. Worm. "A Novel Fluorocarbon Elastomer for High-Temperature Sealing Applications in Aggressive Motor-Oil Environments." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 63, no. 4 (September 1, 1990): 516–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538270.

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Abstract The tendency in the automotive industry to use smaller engines has resulted in a situation where lubricating oils are exposed to higher operating temperatures. This is especially the case in countries where there is no restriction on highway speed. Amine-based additives present in the oils (e.g., as dispersants and corrosion inhibitors) tend to slowly attack the conventional fluorocarbon elastomer seals under these conditions. As a result of that attack, the seal becomes brittle and eventually fails. A novel fluorocarbon elastomer of vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, and propylene has shown excellent aging behavior in the laboratory toward many aggressive engine oils at elevated temperature. Its improved resistance as compared to conventional fluorocarbon elastomers is attributed to the replacement of hexafluoropropylene with propylene.
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Tipans, Igors, Maris Eiduks, Janis Viba, Marina Grishchenko, and Veronika Grzibovska. "Investigation of Bodies Vibrations with Elastomeric Elements." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.645.

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By analyzing underwater flexible object motion, new challenges facing mechanical and engineering industry can be seen. One of typical examples is the need to solve the complex task of elastomeric (e.g. rubber or silicone) robotic objects interaction with the water boundary. Current work is an attempt to launch an investigation on elastomer dynamics of experimental and theoretical research in two directions. Experimental studies have been conducted with a sample loading on the tensile and compression machine. Theoretical research investigation proposes a new model with internal interactions inside elastomers. Model is based on common lateral and diagonal interaction links between cross-sections of a material. Results of the work are applied for vibration systems motion modeling. Additionally, a new dynamical material model may be applied for the imitation of muscle dynamics and thus to provide basis for further applications in biomechanics such as development of artificial muscles.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Elastomer industry"

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Vève, Jean-Christophe. "Interpretation microstructurale de l'endommagement par fatigue mecanique des fibres de polyester pour le renforcement des elastomeres." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0065.

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Analyse de l'evolution microstructurale des monofilaments de polyester 1) au cours de la fatigue par microspectrometrie laser a effet raman, diffusion rx aux petits angles et analyse viscoelastique dynamique et 2)avant sollicitation par diffusion rx aux grands angles et spectrometrie ir. Modele microstructural a 4 phases. Relation microstructures durabilite
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Bennani, Najib. "Etude experimentale et theorique de l'extrusion des melanges de caoutchoucs." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0025.

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Evolution de la viscosite de 4 elastomeres dans differents rheometres en fonction du tauux de cisaillement et de la temperature. Etude sur 4 extrudeuses alimentees a froid de l'etat de remplissage des vis et de l'evolution des parametres de mise en oeuvre. Modele thermomecanique
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Ponçot, Marc. "Comportements thermomécaniques de polymères chargés selon différents chemins de déformation et traitements thermiques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL064N/document.

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Le centre de recherche ArcelorMittal de Montataire développent de nouvelles solutions acier innovantes associant métal et polymère. Pour les ailes de voiture, le composite retenu est un matériau multicouche composé d’une lame d’acier sur laquelle est déposé un film mince de polypropylène choc chargé avec des particules minérales par l’intermédiaire d’une fine couche de polypropylène fonctionnalisé par le greffage d’anhydride maléique. Afin de prévoir et de connaitre le comportement de la partie organique du matériau lors de sa mise en forme par emboutissage et à posteriori de prédire l’état de ses propriétés mécaniques lors de son utilisation, la détermination des lois de comportement mécanique vrai et intrinsèque sur le modèle de la loi G’sell et Jonas est nécessaire. Ces lois sont définies selon trois chemins de déformation : la traction uniaxiale, le cisaillement simple et la traction plane. Les micromécanismes de déformation de la microstructure semi-cristalline des différentes formulations des matériaux selon leur mode de sollicitation mécanique ont été étudiés. Les résultats obtenus Post Mortem et In Situ ont permis la description qualitative et quantitative des évolutions des principales modifications microstructurales. Ces dernières diffèrent avec l’ajout de charges minérales. Deux nouvelles méthodes, la Tomographie X et la spectroscopie Raman permettent la détermination de la déformation volumique dans le cas de matériau de géométrie fine (300 µm). Le retrait lors d’un cycle thermique est étudié. Les influences du chauffage, de la formulation et de la microstructure (orientation des chaînes macromoléculaires et endommagement volumique) sont décrites
The ArcelorMittal research centre of Montataire elaborates innovative steel / polymer products. In the case of automotive fenders, the composite is a multilayered material. A thin impact polypropylene film is laminated on steel using a thin layer of a functionalized polypropylene. Mineral particles are added to improve stiffness. In order to predict and understand the behaviour of the organic layer all along its production process and finally to be able to characterize the state of its mechanical properties in use, the determination of the true and intrinsic mechanical behaviour laws according to the G’sell and Jonas model is necessary. These laws are obtained for three different mechanical paths: uniaxial tensile, simple shear and plane tensile. The deformation micromechanisms of the impact polypropylene semi-crystalline microstructure which depend on the materials formulations and on the mechanical path used are studied. Post Mortem and In Situ results give qualitative and quantitative description of the main microstructural modifications. Two new methods, X Tomography and Raman spectroscopy allow the quantification of the volume deformation which is developed during tensile tests. They are mainly available for very thin samples. X radiography and VideoTraction™ are not suitable anymore for this kind of geometry. Finally, the thermo-mechanical phenomenon of shrinkage which occurs during thermal treatment above the material melting point is analysed. Influences of the heating conditions, of the material formulations and of the material microstructure are described. Special overviews are done on the macromolecular chains orientation and on the volume damage influences
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Books on the topic "Elastomer industry"

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Joseph, Mongiello, and Business Communications Co, eds. Thermoplastic elastomers: New expectations. Stamford, Conn., U.S.A: Business Communications Co., 1985.

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Limited, Rapra Technology, ed. New opportunities for thermoplastic elastomers: A one-day seminar. Shawbury: RAPRA Technology, 1996.

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Ita, Paul A. World commodity elastomers. Cleveland, Ohio: Freedonia Group, 1996.

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Mongiello, Joseph. Thermoplastic elastomers. Norwalk, CT (25 Van Zant Street, Norwalk 06855): Business Communications Co., 1989.

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Schlechter, Melvin. Metallocene elastomers/TPEs. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1996.

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Heinisch, Kurt F. Kautschuk- und Elastomer-Wörterbuch: Englisch-Deutsch, Deutsch-Englisch = Dictionary of rubbers and elastomers : English-German, German-English. Isernhagen: Giesel-Verlag für Publizität, 1992.

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Ita, Paul A. World specialty elastomers / project director, Paul A. Ita. Cleveland, Ohio: Freedonia Group, 1996.

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Shein, V. S. Obezvrezhivanie i utilizat͡s︡ii͡a︡ vybrosov i otkhodov pri proizvodstve i pererabotke ėlastomerov. Moskva: "Khimii͡a︡", 1987.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Standards Division, ed. Hazardous air pollutant emissions from process units in the elastomer manufacturing industry: Basis and purpose document for proposed standards. Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1995.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Standards Division, ed. Hazardous air pollutant emissions from process units in the elastomers manufacturing industry: Basis and purpose document for final standards, summary of public comments and responses. Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Elastomer industry"

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Zahid Qamar, Sayyad, Maaz Akhtar, and Tasneem Pervez. "Mechanical and Structural Behavior of Swelling Elastomers under Compressive Loading." In Swelling Elastomers in Petroleum Drilling and Development - Applications, Performance Analysis, and Material Modeling. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94727.

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Swelling elastomers are a new breed of advanced polymers, and found increasing use in drilling of difficult oil and gas wells. It is important to know how an elastomer will behave under a given set of well conditions, especially after the initial quick-swell period. Good design depends on appropriate material selection. Results are presented in this chapter from experimental and numerical studies conducted to analyze how compressive and bulk behavior of actual oilfield elastomers changes due to swelling. Six key attributes of swelling elastomers needed for design improvement and performance analysis of elastomer seals are discussed: four mechanical properties (elastic modulus E, bulk modulus K, shear modulus G, and Poisson’s ratio ν), and two polymer structure characteristics (cross-link chain density NC, and average molecular weight MC). These parameters were experimentally determined before and after various stages of swelling for two different swelling elastomers being currently used by the regional petroleum industry, in low and high salinity brines. To strengthen the experimental results, and to be able to forecast for other elastomer materials and well conditions, tests were also simulated using the commercial FEM package ABAQUS, using the best available hyperelastic material models.
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Hussein, R., and P. Cheremisinoff. "Polymer Applications in the Construction Industry." In Elastomer Technology Handbook, 875–908. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780138758851-26.

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Zahid Qamar, Sayyad, Maaz Akhtar, and Tasneem Pervez. "Swelling Elastomer Applications in Petroleum Drilling and Development." In Swelling Elastomers in Petroleum Drilling and Development - Applications, Performance Analysis, and Material Modeling. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94721.

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Oil and gas drilling and development is witnessing new and inventive techniques targeted at increased production from difficult and aging wells. As depth of an oil or gas well increases, higher temperatures and harsher environments are encountered. Suitable elastomers can provide good sealing as they possess good resistance to heat and chemical attack, and as they are widely availability at low cost. In comparison with metals, elastomers are lighter in weight and lesser in stiffness and hardness, swell more with increasing temperature, and are usually better in corrosion resistance. Other reasons for their preference include excellent damping and energy absorption, more flexibility and longer life; good sealing even with moisture, heat, and pressure; negligible toxicity; good moldability; and flexible stiffness. As mentioned in chapter-1, swelling elastomers or gels have found extensive use in different applications including drug delivery, microfluidics, biomedical devices, scaffolds for tissue engineering, biosensors, etc. As the main focus of this book is the oil and gas industry, implementation of swelling elastomer technology and deployment in different petroleum applications are discussed below.
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Klüppel, M., and J. Jungk. "Thermo-Oxidative Aging and Mechanical Fatigue of Elastomer Compounds Used in Various Fields of Rubber Industry." In Advances in Polymer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2022_114.

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Klüppel, M., and J. Jungk. "Thermo-Oxidative Aging and Mechanical Fatigue of Elastomer Compounds Used in Various Fields of Rubber Industry." In Advances in Polymer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2022_114.

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"Elastomeric Components for the Pharmaceutical Industry." In Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 1330–51. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-ept4-120050263.

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Meyer, Hans-Georg. "High-Tech Quadroplex Extrusion Technology for the Tire Industry." In Current Topics in ELASTOMERS RESEARCH, 1013–18. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420007183-36.

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Meyer, Hans-Georg. "High-Tech Quadroplex Extrusion Technology for the Tire Industry." In Current Topics in Elastomers Research. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420007183.ch36.

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Zahid Qamar, Sayyad, Maaz Akhtar, and Tasneem Pervez. "Swelling Elastomers and Tubular Expansion—Numerical Investigation." In Swelling Elastomers in Petroleum Drilling and Development - Applications, Performance Analysis, and Material Modeling. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94729.

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Swell packers were initially used for repair of old and damaged wells, but they are now increasingly used for higher productivity and profitability through developments like slim well design and reduced-cement or cementless completions. Solid expandable tubular (SET) technology has gained popularity in the petroleum development industry as it can reduce well costs and improve well performance. A conical mandrel is pushed or pulled through a petroleum tubular, either hydraulically or mechanically, to expand it (in-situ) to the desired diameter. In SET applications such as water shutoff and zonal isolation, swelling elastomers are an obvious choice as a sealing material. For proper downhole deployment of swell packers in SET applications, it is important to have a good idea about their behavior under a given set of field conditions. Design and manufacturing of SET applications using swelling elastomers as sealing elements also needs some sort of seal performance analysis.
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Singh, Sudarshan, and Warangkana Chunglok. "Potential Application of Biopolymers in the Textile Industry." In Biopolymers Towards Green and Sustainable Development, 153–67. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079302122010010.

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Textile configurations are derived from two major sources such as ancient handicraft and modern scientific inventions. Textile fabrication using polymeric fiber is one of the fastest-growing sectors since the 19th century and is currently the secondlargest manufacturing industry after information technology. Although polymers are predominantly used in the development of dosage forms, however recent devolvement in natural polymer chemistry reflects its association with the production of plastics, fibers, elastomers, etc. Innovation using natural polymer fibers-based textile could serve as an alternative capable of replacing synthetic polymer-based fibers. Polymers, especially fibers contribute significantly to the manufacturing of textiles. Moreover, copolymerization of fabrics fibers with excipients demonstrated potential for the development of materials useful in various biomedical applications. Furthermore, to understand the fundamental characteristics of polymeric fibers including structural composition, morphological features such as crystallinity, and orientation, a comprehensive skill is necessary. This chapter discusses the basic materials used in the fabrication of textile products, with emphasizes on bio-based polymers as an alternative to synthetic polymers in the production of fabrics.
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Conference papers on the topic "Elastomer industry"

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Eleftherakis, John. "A New Method of Determining Hydraulic Fluid/Elastomer Compatibility." In 40th Annual Earthmoving Industry Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890987.

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Schneider, Christopher. "Sustainable Solutions for the Global Elastomer-to-Substrate Industry." In 200th Fall Technical Meeting of the Rubber Division, American Chemical Society 2021. Akron, Ohio, USA: Rubber Division, American Chemical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/064426-0043.

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Akhtar, Maaz, Sayyad Zahid Qamar, Tasneem Pervez, and Farooq Khalfan Al-Jahwari. "FEM Simulation of Swelling Elastomer Seals in Downhole Applications." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64312.

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Petroleum exploration and development industry is witnessing a rapid growth in the use of swelling elastomers. They are being used in new applications aimed at enhanced oil recovery through slimming of well design, zonal isolation, water shutoff, etc. Initially developed as a problem-solving strategy (for repair of damaged or deteriorating wells), swelling elastomers are now targeting major savings in cost and time through reduction in borehole diameter, reduced casing clearance, cementless completions, etc. Due to material and geometric nonlinearity, modeling and simulation of swelling elastomer applications becomes quite complex. In this work, finite element simulation has been carried out to study swelling elastomer seal performance in downhole petroleum applications using the software ABAQUS. A hyperelastic model (that most closely resembles swelling elastomer behavior) is used for simulation of seal behavior. A series of experiments have been designed and performed to determine necessary material properties of a water-swelling elastomer as it gradually swells when exposed to saline water of two different concentrations at 50°C (to emulate field conditions of medium-depth oil wells). A large number of simulations are carried out to investigate sealing behavior against water salinity and swelling time. Sealing pressure at the contact surface between elastomer and formation (or outer casing) is studied for variations in seal length, seal thickness, compression ratio, water salinity, and swelling period. Results show that seal contact pressure increases with amount of swelling, seal length, and compression ratio; higher salinity environment results in lower sealing pressure; and more contact pressure is generated in the case of rock formation as compared to steel outer casing.
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4

Qamar, Sayyad Zahid, Maaz Akhtar, and Moosa S. M. Al-Kharusi. "Effect of Swelling Behavior on Elastomeric Materials: Experimental and Numerical Investigation." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64344.

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In the last ten years, a new type of advanced polymer known as swelling elastomer has been extensively used as sealing element in the oil and gas industry. These elastomers have been instrumental in various new applications such as water shutoff, zonal isolation, sidetracking, etc. Though swell packers can significantly reduce costs and increase productivity, their failure can lead to serious losses. Integrity and reliability of swelling-elastomer seals under different field conditions is therefore a major concern. Investigation of changes in material behavior over a specified swelling period is a necessary first step for performance evaluation of elastomer seals. Current study is based on experimental and numerical analysis of changes in compressive and bulk behavior of an elastomeric material due to swelling. Tests and simulations were carried out before and after various stages of swelling. Specimens were placed in saline water (0.6% and 12% concentration) at a temperature of 50°C, total swelling period being one month. Both compression and bulk tests were conducted using disc samples. A small test rig had to be designed and constructed for determination of bulk modulus. Young’s modulus (under compression) and bulk modulus were determined for specimens subjected to different swelling periods. Shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio were calculated using isotropic relations. Experiments were also simulated using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS. Different hyperelastic material models were examined. As Ogden model with second strain energy potential gave the closest results, it has been used for all simulations. The elastomer was a fast-swell type. There were drastic changes in material properties within one day of swelling, under both low and high salinity water. Values of elastic and shear modulus dropped by more than 90% in the first few days, and then remained almost constant during the rest of the one-month period. Poisson’s ratio, as expected, showed a mirror behavior of a sharp increase in the first few days. Bulk modulus exhibited a fluctuating pattern; rapid initial decrease, then a slightly slower increase, followed by a much slower decrease. Salinity shows some notable effect in the first 5 or 6 days, but has almost no influence in the later days. Very interestingly, Poisson’s ratio approaches the limiting value of 0.5 within the first 10 days of swelling, justifying the assumption of incompressibility used in most analytical and numerical models. In general, simulations results are in good agreement with experimental ones.
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Stelescu, Maria Daniela, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sonmez, Mihaela Nituica, and Adriana Stefan. "Elastomeric nanomaterials based on natural rubber for the food industry." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.23.

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This paper presents the obtaining and characterization of new elastomeric nanocomposites based on natural rubber reinforced with plasticized starch, precipitated silica and layered clay, for obtaining consumer goods for the food industry. Obtaining nanocomposites was carried out by the technique of mixing and melt interleaving. The mixtures were vulcanized in the press, at high temperatures, using peroxides as vulcanizing agents, and triallyl cyanurate as vulcanizing coagent. In order to obtain products with improved characteristics, the influence of the amount of modified organic montmorillonite layered clay (OMMT) Nanomer I31PS and the adhesion promoter between mineral filler and polymer - bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl]-tetrasulfane (TEPS) on the characteristics of the mixtures, was analysed. The rheological characteristics of the samples show an increase of the minimum torque at the increase in the amount of OMMT type nanofiller and a decrease in the optimal vulcanization time by adding the adhesion promoter between the rubber and the filler. An improvement of the mechanical characteristics of the samples was observed at the introduction of both OMMT and TEPS. These changes may be due to both the nanofiller reinforcement effect and the changes in the morphology of the mixture. The samples showed a good behaviour after immersion in different environments specific to the food industry (water, ethyl alcohol, 10% glucose solution, 0.9% sodium chloride solution and sunflower oil). SEM analyses indicate that the starch particles, together with the other ingredients of the mixture, are quasi uniform distributed in the elastomer matrix. Several superficial microcracks are observed, on the surface of the analysed material, without structural discontinuities or other defects.
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Hjelm, Rex P., Wesley Wampler, and Michel Gerspacher. "Structure of carbon black-elastomer composites by small-angle neutron scattering and the method of contrast variation." In Fifth International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques: Neutrons in Research and Industry, edited by George Vourvopoulos. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.267886.

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Meem, Asma Ul Hosna, Kyle Rudolph, Allyson Cox, Austin Andwan, Timothy Osborn, and Robert Lowe. "Impact of Process Parameters on the Tensile Properties of DLP Additively Manufactured ELAST-BLK 10 UV-Curable Elastomer." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-64002.

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Abstract Digital light processing (DLP) is an emerging vatphotopolymerization-based 3D-printing technology where full layers of photosensitive resin are irradiated and cured with projected ultraviolet (UV) light to create a three-dimensional part layer-by-layer. Recent breakthroughs in polymer chemistry have led to a growing number of UV-curable elastomeric photoresins developed exclusively for vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing (AM). Coupled with the practical manufacturing advantages of DLP AM (e.g., industry-leading print speeds and sub-micron-level print resolution), these novel elastomeric photoresins are compelling candidates for emerging applications requiring extreme flexibility, stretchability, conformability, and mechanically-tunable stiffness (e.g., soft robotic actuators and stretchable electronics). To advance the role of DLP AM in these novel and promising technological spaces, a fundamental understanding of the impact of DLP manufacturing process parameters on mechanical properties is requisite. This paper highlights our recent efforts to explore the process-property relationship for ELAST-BLK 10, a new commercially-available UV-curable elastomer for DLP AM. A full factorial design of experiments is used to investigate the effect of build orientation and layer thickness on the quasi-static tensile properties (i.e., small-strain elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at fracture) of ELAST-BLK 10. Statistical results, based on a general linear model via ANOVA methods, indicate that specimens with a flat build orientation exhibit the highest elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at fracture, likely due to a larger surface area that enhances crosslink density during the curing process. Several popular hyperelastic constitutive models (e.g., Mooney-Rivlin, Yeoh, and Gent) are calibrated to our quasi-static tensile data to facilitate component-level predictive analyses (e.g., finite-element modeling) of soft robotic actuators and other emerging soft-matter applications.
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Masson, Graham. "High Expansion Technology Opens the Way for Enhanced Recovery." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2573417-ms.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to examine the recent improvements in High Expansion packer and plug design, while minimizing packer element extrusion. Changes that provide operators with more intervention options at reduced risk. For thirty or more years, extrusion gap has been controlled primarily by the use of a "Gauge Ring" as a packer back up. While successful, this approach dictates a large OD packer or plug to minimize extrusion gap. As our industry has developed more tortuous wellbore geometry, large ODs have led to running and pulling problems. These designs have also prevented many operators from recovering failed zones. Water encroachment, gas migration and failed sand screens have often been dealt with by re-completion. Options were limited to inflatable systems, long elastomer or umbrella-type plugs. Horizontal completions further reduced that to only Inflatable solutions, due to umbrella systems dependency on cement. Recent developments in High Expansion products have opened up new opportunities to recover from these types of problems. High expansion elastomers and new design packer back-up systems allow for actual V-Rated packer, plug and straddle systems. With this benefit comes the added value of a retrievable system.
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(Vilsan) Nituica, Mihaela, Maria Sönmez, Maria Daniela Stelescu, Laurentia Alexandrescu, Mihai Georgescu, Ciprian Chelaru, Denis-Andrei Drusan, Ana-Maria Ciobanu, and Dana Gurau. "Obtaining and Characterizing a Polymer Compound Based on NBR Elastomer and Functionalized Post-Consumer Rubber Waste." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.iv.9.

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This work presents the obtaining and characterization of elastomeric compounds based on butadiene-co-acrylonitrile rubber and NBR rubber waste (from the footwear industry) that replaces the active silicon dioxide filler. The rubber waste was cryogenically ground to micrometric dimensions and functionalized with monoethylene glycol (MEG). After grinding, it is functionalized with monoethylene glycol (MEG) in a proportion of 20% at a temperature of 60°C. By recycling and reusing vulcanized rubber waste (NBR), as well as by means of advanced technologies, it is possible to contribute to the improvement of product quality, the protection of the environment through waste recycling, and most importantly the protection of human health through the elimination of noxious substances during their burning and, of course, increasing the turnover of economic agents. The polymer compounds obtained after conditioning at ambient temperatures were characterized according to the standards in force for the footwear industry, in terms of physical-mechanical normal state and accelerated aging at 70°C for 168 h and FT-IR spectroscopy. The polymer composites based on NBR rubber and functionalized rubber waste present optimal values according to the standards and are used in the processing of general-purpose footwear.
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Liu, Yue, Christopher W. Wilson, Simon Blakey, and Tim Dolmansley. "Elastomer Compatibility Test of Alternative Fuels Using Stress-Relaxation Test and FTIR Spectroscopy." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46100.

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Global efforts to reduce CO2 emissions and to tackle the problem of depleting petroleum resources have stimulated the exploitation of alternative fuels in the aviation industry. One crucial aspect amongst others is to investigate the compatibility of alternative fuels with elastomeric materials currently used in gas turbine engines. However, little knowledge about this has been understood so far for commercial aircrafts under real engine conditions. This study combines Stress-Relaxation test and FTIR spectroscopy techniques to look at the effect of alternative fuels on O-rings made from different materials; such as nitrile, fluorocarbon and fluorosilicone. Results indicated that after immerged in fuels for a period of time while simultaneously being compressed at certain temperatures, the fluorocarbon O-rings showed minimum change in the eight types of fuels tested. This meant they are compatible with these fuels, with the nitrile O-rings changing the most. Furthermore, FT-SPK+20% hexanol caused the biggest relaxation in fluorosilicone O-rings but had the smallest effect on nitrile ones while all fuels presented similar behavior in fluorocarbon. FTIR spectrum analysis showed molecular composition changes are dependent on the reactions between different materials and fuels. For fluorosilicone O-rings, the absorbance reduction from 1150 to 1050 cm−1 was caused by the breakdown of (Si-O-Si) while the formation of new O-H bonds enhanced the intensity from 3000 to 2800 cm−1. For fluorocarbon O-rings, obvious increase in absorption could be found in the region from 1400 to 650 cm−1, while from 3000 to 2800 cm−1, the absorption decreased. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated a highly correlated relationship between the chemical structure changes and the force relaxation.
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