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Journal articles on the topic 'Elastomers in dentistry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Haider, Yagthan Mohammed, Zainab Salih Abdullah, Ghasak H. Jani, and Norehan Mokhtar. "Evaluation of Some Mechanical Properties of a Maxillofacial Silicon Elastomer Reinforced with Polyester Powder." International Journal of Dentistry 2019 (November 28, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2948457.

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Maxillofacial silicone elastomers are used to replace and reconstruct missing facial parts for patients with trauma or a certain disease. Although commonly favorable silicone elastomers are not ideal in properties, many studies have been carried out to improve their mechanical properties and to come out with ideal maxillofacial prosthetic materials, so as to render patients with the best maxillofacial prostheses. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of addition of different concentrations of polyester powder on hardness, tear strength, surface roughness, and tensile strength of maxillofacial A-2186 RTV silicone elastomers. Polyester powder was added to the silicone elastomer in the concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5% by using an electronic digital balance, compared with the control group of 0% polyester filler. The shore A hardness test was done according to ASTM D 2240 standards. The tear test was done according to ASTM D624 type C standards. The tensile test was done according to ISO specification number 37:2011. The surface roughness test was performed according to ISO 7619-1 2010 specifications. The data collected were then analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc and Fisher’s LSD tests. All three groups showed a highly significant increase in tear strength, tensile strength, hardness, and roughness, compared to the control group. Reinforcement of A-2186 Platinum RTV Silicone Elastomer with 5% polyester significantly improved the mechanical properties tested in this study.

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McCabe, J. F., and T. E. Carrick. "Rheological Properties of Elastomers during Setting." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 8 (August 1989): 1218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680080101.

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McCabe, J. F., and T. E. Carrick. "Onset of Elasticity in Setting Elastomers." Journal of Dental Research 69, no. 9 (September 1990): 1573–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690090701.

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4

Carlo, Hugo Lemes, Rodrigo Borges Fonseca, Carlos José Soares, Américo Bortolazzo Correr, Lourenço Correr-Sobrinho, and Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti. "Inorganic particle analysis of dental impression elastomers." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 6 (2010): 520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000600007.

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The aim of this study was to determine quantitatively and qualitatively the inorganic particle fraction of commercially available dental elastomers. The inorganic volumetric fraction of two addition silicones (Reprosil Putty/Fluid and Flexitime Easy Putty/Fluid), three condensation silicones (Clonage Putty/Fluid, Optosil Confort/Xantopren VL and Silon APS Putty/Fluid), one polyether (Impregum Soft Light Body) and one polysulfide (Permlastic Light Body) was accessed by weighing a previously determined mass of each material in water before and after burning samples at 600ºC, during 3 h. Unsettled material samples were soaked in acetone and chloroform for removal of tthe organic portion. The remaining filler particles were sputter-coated with gold evaluation of their morphology and size, under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Flexitime Easy Putty was the material with the highest results for volumetric particle fraction, while Impregum Soft had the lowest values. Silon 2 APS Fluid presented the lowest mean filler size values, while Clonage Putty had the highest values. SEM micrographs of the inorganic particles showed several morphologies - lathe-cut, spherical, spherical-like, sticks, and sticks mixed to lathe-cut powder. The results of this study revealed differences in particle characteristics among the elastometic materials that could lead to different results when testing mechanical properties.

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Salem, N. S., D. C. Watts, and E. C. Combe. "Stress relaxation of elastomers." Dental Materials 3, no. 1 (February 1987): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0109-5641(87)80059-3.

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Taumaturgo, Vandre Mesquita, Lícia Camila Rocha Leal, Evamiris França Landim Vasques, Maria Daniela Balbino Silva, Edson Vaz Lima, and Taciana França Landim. "Use of silicones in fixed aesthetic rehabilitations: clinical case." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 10, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v10i5.5066.

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Molding in a fixed prosthesis is one of the most important stages in rehabilitative treatment, as it is there that attempts are made to reproduce dental preparations and adjoining regions by using appropriate materials and techniques. Among the fixed prosthesis molding materials available on the market, the elastomers stand out, which are polymers where the prey occurs through the increase of the chain and the establishment of cross-links. The objective of the study is to present a clinical case and perform a literature review on the use of condensation silicone and addition to molds in Fixed Prosthesis. In this literature review, a survey of PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs data was performed, using the descriptors: Denture, Partial, Fixed; Dental Impression Materials and Elastomers. It is possible to conclude that in the field of Dentistry, the elastomers, among them the condensation-cured and addition-cured silicones, both provide high precision models and are the most used materials in works with fixed partial dentures. Therefore, it is up to the professional to know the properties and adapt to the best group of chosen materials.

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7

Kalha, Anmol. "Fluoridated elastomers do not reduce plaque around orthodontic brackets." Evidence-Based Dentistry 5, no. 4 (December 2004): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400299.

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8

Kheraif, Abdulaziz Abdullah Al. "Surface Roughness of Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Materials Following Chemical Disinfection, Autoclave and Microwave Sterilization." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 3 (2013): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1349.

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ABSTRACT Background Autoclave sterilization and microwave sterilization has been suggested as the effective methods for the disinfection of elastomeric impressions, but subjecting elastomeric impressions to extreme temperature may have adverse effects on critical properties of the elastomers. Aim To evaluate the effect of chemical disinfection as well as autoclave and microwave sterilization on the surface roughness of elastomeric impression materials. Materials and methods The surface roughness of five commercially available polyvinyl siloxane impression materials (Coltene President, Affinis Perfect impression, Aquasil, 3M ESPE Express and GC Exafast) were evaluated after subjecting them to chemical disinfection, autoclaving and microwave sterilization using a Talysurf Intra 50 instrument. Twenty specimens from each material were fabricated and divided into four equal groups, three experimental and one control (n = 25). The differences in the mean surface roughness between the treatment groups were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results No statistically significant increase in the surface roughness was observed when the specimens were subjected to chemical disinfection and autoclave sterilization, increase in roughness and discoloration was observed in all the materials when specimens were subjected to microwave sterilization. Conclusion Chemical disinfection did not have a significant effect but, since it is less effective, autoclave sterilization can be considered effective and autoclaving did not show any specimen discoloration as in microwave sterilization. Microwave sterilization may be considered when impressions are used to make diagnostic casts. A significant increase in surface roughness may produce rougher casts, resulting in rougher tissue surfaces for denture and cast restorations. Clinical significance Autoclave sterilization of vinyl polysiloxane elastomeric impressions for 5 minutes at 134°C at 20 psi may be considered an effective method over chemical disinfection and microwave sterilization, because chemical disinfection does not eliminate all disease-causing microorganisms and microwave sterilization leads to a rougher impression surface. How to cite this article Al Kheraif AA. Surface Roughness of Polyvinyl Siloxane Impression Materials Following Chemical Disinfection, Autoclave and Microwave Sterilization. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):483-487.

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Carvalhal, Cintia Iara Oda, José Antônio Nunes de Mello, Lourenço Correr Sobrinho, Américo Bertolazzo Correr, and Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti. "Dimensional Change of Elastomeric Materials after Immersion in Disinfectant Solutions for Different Times." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 12, no. 4 (2011): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1043.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of immersion period in two disinfectant solutions on dimensional change of four elastomeric impression materials. Materials and methods Four representative materials of each class of elastomers: Xantopren (polydimethylsiloxane—PDS), Express (polyvinyl siloxane—PVS); Permlastic (polysulfide— PS) and Soft Impregum (polyether—EP) were mixed according to manufacturers’ instructions and then inserted into a metal matrix prepared according to the specification of ISO 4823. The molds were removed from the matrix after 7 minutes and immersed in disinfectant solutions (sodium hypochlorite 0.5 and 2% glutaraldehyde) for 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes (n = 7), except the control group, which was not immersed. Once removed from solutions, the test samples were washed in water for 15 seconds, dried and measured three times, using a comparative optical microscope, with accuracy of 0.0005 mm. The analysis of variance with three criteria and Tukey's test with significance level of 5% showed that differences in linear dimensions of the materials analyzed were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) after soaking in sodium hypochlorite 0.5 and 2% glutaraldehyde, for the tested periods of time. Clinical significance Combinations of molding material and disinfecting solution can be used in the dental clinic for infection control, without changing the dimensional molds, for immersion periods not longer than 20 minutes. How to cite this article Carvalhal CIO, de Mello JAN, Sobrinho LC, Correr AB, Sinhoreti MAC. Dimensional Change of Elastomeric Materials after Immersion in Disinfectant Solutions for Different Times. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(4): 252-258.

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Daou, Elie E. "The elastomers for complete denture impression: A review of the literature." Saudi Dental Journal 22, no. 4 (October 2010): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.07.005.

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11

Akay, Canan, Pinar Cevik, Duygu Karakis, and Handan Sevim. "In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers: Effect of Nano-particles." Journal of Prosthodontics 27, no. 6 (September 6, 2016): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12533.

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12

Hussein, Farouk Ahmed. "Advances in Soft Denture Liners: An Update." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 4 (2015): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1682.

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ABSTRACT Soft denture liners are used in complete and partial removable dentures to distribute functional loads homogeneously on the denture-bearing tissues. These materials are recommended in cases of irregular bone resorption, bony undercuts, thin atrophic mucosa, immediate prosthesis, healing after implant placement, and for patients with bruxism and xerostomia. The resilient lining materials can be categorized as plasticized acrylic resins or silicone elastomers. The plasticized acrylic resin comprises of acrylic polymers and copolymers, a liquid containing an acrylic monomer and plasticisers, such as ethyl alcohol and/or ethyl acetate responsible for preserving the material softness. The silicone elastomers, consisting of dimethylsiloxane polymers, with a chemical composition similar to that of the silicone impression materials devoid of leachable plasticisers, retain their elastic properties for prolonged periods. Most of the currently available materials have several disadvantages, including color stability, long-term resiliency, abrasion resistance, bond strength and porosity. Several modifications have been done recently to overcome of these disadvantages of the soft liners. The current review summarizes the recent developments in soft liners. How to cite this article Hashem MI. Advances in Soft Denture Liners: An Update. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(4):314-318.

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13

SOH, G., and Y. H. CHONG. "Defects in automixed addition silicone elastomers prepared by putty-wash impression technique." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 18, no. 6 (November 1991): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1991.tb00077.x.

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Lall, Saurabh, Farhan Shah, Himanshu Aeran, and Shweta Dogra. "Fabrication of a glove type finger prosthesis using silicone elastomers." Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 8, no. 3 (2008): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4052.49023.

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CHONG, Y. H., G. SOH, and K. C. LIM. "Effect of loading and syringing on void formation in automixed addition silicone elastomers." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 20, no. 6 (November 1993): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1993.tb01651.x.

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16

Pamenius, M., and N. G. Ohlson. "The clinical relevance of mechanical properties of elastomers." Dental Materials 3, no. 5 (October 1987): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0109-5641(87)80086-6.

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Hatamleh, Muhanad M., and David C. Watts. "Mechanical properties and bonding of maxillofacial silicone elastomers." Dental Materials 26, no. 2 (February 2010): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2009.10.001.

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18

Peddu, Revathi, Kalyani Mallavarapu, Rahul G. Padala, Bhargavi Nuvusetty, Santosh Reddy Banswada, and Thirumal Naik Mood. "Effect of Fluoride-releasing Elastomers on Mutans Streptococci in Dental Plaque: An In Vivo Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 20, no. 9 (2019): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2650.

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19

Hatamleh, Muhanad M., Gregory L. Polyzois, Amjad Nuseir, Khaldoun Hatamleh, and Ahmad Alnazzawi. "Mechanical Properties and Simulated Aging of Silicone Maxillofacial Elastomers: Advancements in the Past 45 Years." Journal of Prosthodontics 25, no. 5 (January 24, 2016): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12409.

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20

Eleni, P. N., I. Katsavou, M. K. Krokida, G. L. Polyzois, and L. Gettleman. "Mechanical behavior of facial prosthetic elastomers after outdoor weathering." Dental Materials 25, no. 12 (December 2009): 1493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2009.06.018.

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21

Hatamleh, Muhanad M., and David C. Watts. "Bonding of maxillofacial silicone elastomers to an acrylic substrate." Dental Materials 26, no. 4 (April 2010): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.01.001.

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22

Moreno, A., I. B. S. Lopes, D. G. Calefi, J. A. A. Arruda, S. G. Santos, P. P. Magalhães, L. M. Farias, and R. A. Mesquita. "Effect of propolis on removal of biofilm of maxillofacial elastomers." Dental Materials 34 (2018): e81-e82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.169.

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23

Rahman, Ahmed Mushfiqur, Nafij Bin Jamayet, Md Minhaz Ul Islam Nizami, Yanti Johari, Adam Husein, and Mohammad Khursheed Alam. "Effect of Aging and Weathering on the Physical Properties of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Prosthodontics 28, no. 1 (July 25, 2018): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12950.

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Chang, Paul P., Nancy A. Hansen, Rodney D. Phoenix, and Thomas R. Schneid. "The Effects of Primers and Surface Bonding Characteristics on the Adhesion of Polyurethane to Two Commonly Used Silicone Elastomers." Journal of Prosthodontics 18, no. 1 (January 2009): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849x.2008.00371.x.

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25

Manju, V., AnnaSerene Babu, and VinodKumar Gopal. "Effect of chemical disinfectants and accelerated aging on maxillofacial silicone elastomers: An In vitro Study." Indian Journal of Dental Research 29, no. 1 (2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_272_16.

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Abdul-Ameer, FaizaMohammed Hussain. "Effect of plant-extract disinfectant solutions on the specific properties of reinforced maxillofacial silicone elastomers with nanofiller and intrinsic pigment." European Journal of General Dentistry 9, no. 2 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejgd.ejgd_86_19.

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Khinnavar, PoonamK, BH Dhanya Kumar, and DB Nandeeshwar. "An in vitro study to evaluate the effect on dimensional changes of elastomers during cold sterilization." Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 15, no. 2 (2015): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4052.155034.

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Abdul-Ameer, FaizaM. "Impact of a mixture of nanofiller and intrinsic pigment on tear strength and hardness of two types of maxillofacial silicone elastomers." Dental Research Journal 17, no. 4 (2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-3327.292062.

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Hu, Xingxue, Andy B. Gilbert, and William M. Johnston. "Interfacial corrections of maxillofacial elastomers for Kubelka–Munk theory using non-contact measurements." Dental Materials 25, no. 9 (September 2009): 1163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2009.04.003.

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Siddiqui, Adel, Michael Braden, Mangala P. Patel, and Sandra Parker. "An experimental and theoretical study of the effect of sample thickness on the Shore hardness of elastomers." Dental Materials 26, no. 6 (June 2010): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.02.004.

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Kurtulmus, Huseyin, Ovul Kumbuloglu, Mutlu Özcan, Guven Ozdemir, and Caner Vural. "Candida albicans adherence on silicone elastomers: Effect of polymerisation duration and exposure to simulated saliva and nasal secretion." Dental Materials 26, no. 1 (January 2010): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2009.09.001.

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Kollefrath, Ralf, Marcel Savary, and Jörg Schwela. "An Evaluation of the Fit of Metal-Ceramic Restorations Made with an Autoclaved Silicone-Based Impression Material." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 11, no. 4 (2010): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-11-4-63.

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Abstract Aim To demonstrate the clinical feasibility of autoclaving certain silicone impression materials in order to avoid potential cross-contamination during handling, transport, and subsequent processing. Background Semicritical devices are recommended to be treated at least with high-level disinfectants or actually steam sterilized at 134°C. To date dental impressions have been disinfected rather than sterilized, so the question remains should they be sterilized before being sent to the dental laboratory? Case Descriptions Two identical impressions per case were made of metal-ceramic crown and fixed partial denture preparations on the same patient using addition type polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression materials (AFFINIS, R Coltene/ Whaledent AG, 9450 Altstatten, Switzerland) in different trays. The first impression (IMPx1) was cleaned and treated with an intermediate-level disinfectant (FD 322.Fast Disinfection Spray, Durr Dental, 74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany). The second impression (IMPx2) was cleaned, treated with an intermediate-level disinfectant as with IMPx1, subjected to a computer tomography (CT) scan with a dimensional resolution of ±10 μm, steam sterilized, and then subjected to a second CT scan. The dimensional changes of the second impression after steam sterilization were calculated by comparing the overlay of the two CT scans and expressed by color coding of the impression graphics. After the second scan, the impression was sent to a dental laboratory to fabricate a metal-ceramic crown or metal-ceramic fixed partial denture restoration to the one produced from the first impression (IMPx1) subjected only to disinfection. This process was repeated for four clinical cases. Conclusion Impressions made with AFFINIS® silicone impression materials in a rigid reinforced polycarbonate impression tray or in a metal dual-arch tray can be autoclaved. The overall dimensional stability of the impressions and the quality of single crowns and small fixed partial dentures made using IMPx2 was not compromised. The maximum dimensional differences at the preparations of the nonautoclaved and the autoclaved impressions were found to be within acceptable limits of about 50–100 ìm. Clinical Significance Steam sterilization of AFFINIS® impressions is possible without adversely affecting dimensional change. In addition, clinicians can clearly indicate to the dental practice and laboratory personnel that sterilization of the impressions has been performed, cross-contamination is unlikely, and the impressions present no apparent health hazard during transport and subsequent processing. Disclosure Dr. Kollefrath is head of Research and Development, Elastomers at Coltène/ Whaledent AG, Altstätten, Switzerland, the manufacturer of the impression material evaluated in this report. Citation Kollefrath R, Savary M, Schwela J. An Evaluation of the Fit of Metal-Ceramic Restorations Made with an Autoclaved Silicone- Based Impression Material. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2010 July; 11(4):063-070. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume11-issue4-kollefrath

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Singh, Komal, Sakina Sadiqe Ali, Harsha Hardiya, Ankita Mangal, Shalini Kumar, and Palak Agrawal. "Effect of Addition of TiO2 Nanofiller and Intrinsic Pigment on Tear Strength of Cosmesil M511 and VST50F Silicone Elastomers - A Comparative Study." International Journal of Current Research and Review 13, no. 15 (2021): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2021.131509.

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De Stefani, Alberto, Giovanni Bruno, Giorgia Preo, and Antonio Gracco. "Application of Nanotechnology in Orthodontic Materials: A State-of-the-Art Review." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 4 (November 9, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8040126.

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Nanotechnology refers to the science that manipulates matter at molecular and atomic levels, and studies matter at the nanoscale level to detect and exploit the useful properties that derive from these dimensions; materials with components less than 100 nm in at least one dimension are called nanomaterials. Nanotechnology is applied in many fields, such as medicine (nanomedicine) and dentistry (nano-dentistry). The purpose of these innovations and research in this field is to improve human life and health. This article aims to summarize and describe what the most recent and known innovations of nanotechnology in dentistry are, focusing on and paying particular attention to the branch that is orthodontics, and on the application of new nanomaterials in the realization, for example, of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures, orthodontic power chains, and orthodontic miniscrews. We also address a very important topic in orthodontics, which is how to reduce the friction force.

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Teixeira, Leandro, Betina do Rosário Pereira, Thais Gelatti Bortoly, João Armando Brancher, and Odilon Guariza-Filho. "The Environmental Influence of Light Coke™, Phosphoric Acid, and Citric Acid on Elastomeric Chains." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 9, no. 7 (2008): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-9-7-17.

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Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Light Coke™, phosphoric acid, and citric acid on the force decline pattern of two types of elastomeric chains. Methods and Materials One hundred sixty gray colored elastomeric chain modules, 80 Chainette (GAC) and 80 Sunburst™ (GAC) chains, were divided into four groups for immersion into Light Coke, phosphoric acid, citric acid, and artificial saliva. The initial stretched force of the elastomeric chains ranged from 220gf to 250gf. During the experiment, all elastomeric chains were kept immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C (pH≈6.24) to simulate the oral environment. To simulate daily consumption of Light Coke, the elastomeric chains were immersed in the solutions twice a day for 15 minutes. The control group was kept immersed in artificial saliva continuously with no further treatment. Force (gf) was measured with a Dial-Type dynamometer (Dentaurum®), initially (baseline), 24 hours, 7, 14, and 21 days. Data were analyzed using the Tukey test at a 5% level of probability. Results A statistically significant reduction on the force produced by the elastomeric chains was seen at different time points. The greatest reduction in force occurred in the first 24 hours (p=0.01). Conclusion Force decay of the Chainette elastomeric chains were lower than the Sunburst™ chain (p<0.05). The immersion treatments caused no statistically significant difference in force for either chain module (p>0.05). Clinical Significance Good elastomeric chain properties are necessary for effective tooth movement, and knowledge of force-decay rates is an important factor in achieving the best orthodontic outcome. Citation Teixeira L, Pereira BP, Bortoly TG, Brancher JA, Tanaka OM, Guariza-Filho O. The Environmental Influence of Light Coke™, Phosphoric Acid, and Citric Acid on Elastomeric Chains. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:017-024.

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Mehta, Deepak, Rohit Shetty, and Ganesh R. Bhandari. "Vinyl Polysiloxane Ether: A Breakthrough in Elastomeric Impression Material." World Journal of Dentistry 5, no. 2 (2014): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1274.

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ABSTRACT A meticulous impression is paramount for a precision fit of indirect restoration. Unfortunately, for many clinicians, making an impression for fixed prostheses is one of the challenging aspects in restorative dentistry. Advances in elastomeric chemistries have given birth to a new generation of impression materials: a combination of a polyvinyl and a polyether impression material, called vinyl siloxane ether. The purpose of this article is to explore the new impression material which is effective and efficient to obtain predictable, accurate, high quality impressions in dental practice. How to cite this article Shetty RM, Bhandari GR, Mehta D. Vinyl Polysiloxane Ether: A Breakthrough in Elastomeric Impression Material. World J Dent 2014;5(2):134-137.

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Dias da Silva, Vanessa, Eduardo Martinelli S. de Lima, Caroline Dias, and Leandro Berni Osório. "Analysis of the Influence of Food Colorings in Esthetic Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligatures." Open Dentistry Journal 10, no. 1 (September 30, 2016): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601610010516.

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Proposition: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the color changes of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures of different shades when exposed to four food colorings commonly found in the diet of patients. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures in the colors pearl, pearl blue, pearl white and colorless, which were immersed for 72 hours in five different solutions: distilled water (control group), coffee, tea, Coca-Cola ® and wine. The color changes of the esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures were measured with the aid of a spectrophotometer, at T1 - as provided by the manufacturer; and T2 - after colorings process. Results: The results indicated that the esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures of all initial hues are susceptible to pigmentation. Among the evaluated colors, all changed the finished look and the color of the samples tested. In ascending order, the color of the samples was as follows: distilled water, Coca-Cola®, black tea, wine and coffee. Conclusion: The substances that have a greater potential for pigmentation in esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures were black tea, wine and coffee, respectively. All shades of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures are susceptible to color change.

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Behnaz, Mohammad, Fatemeh Namvar, Setareh Sohrabi, and Mina Parishanian. "Effect of Bleaching Mouthwash on Force Decay of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 19, no. 2 (2018): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2240.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Force decay elastomeric chains are significant, and it is a clinical problem. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bleaching agent in the mouthwash on the force decay of orthodontic chains. Materials and methods In this experimental study, 160 gray closed elastomeric chains were randomly divided into three groups (one control and two test groups). Four loops of chains were stretched for 25 mm on custom-made jig. Control group specimens were immersed in artificial saliva during the test period. Test group specimens were immersed twice a day for 30 seconds in the whitening (LISTERINE® HEALTHY WHITE™) and daily sodium fluoride (LISTERINE® TOTAL CARE ZERO) mouthwashes. All specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C. Force was measured at different time points (initial, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 days). Statistical analysis was performed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni methods (α = 0.05). Results Force of elastomeric chains was decreased dramatically in all groups during the experiment. After 24 hours, force was decreased by 42.18, 48.34, and 53.38% in control group, daily, and bleaching mouthwash groups respectively. The corresponding numbers after 4 weeks were 66.30, 76.73, and 86.48. The difference between three groups at days 1 and 28 was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion Within the limitations of the current in vitro study, bleaching and sodium fluoride mouthwashes could cause force decay of orthodontic elastomeric chains. Whitening mouthwash is more weakening for elastomeric chains. Clinical significance Use of whitening mouthwash by orthodontic patients could decrease the force of elastomeric chains, so it could be recommended to use them for a short time. How to cite this article Behnaz M, Namvar F, Sohrabi S, Parishanian M. Effect of Bleaching Mouthwash on Force Decay of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):221-225.

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H. Mohammed, Dhuha, Abdalbseet A. Fatalla, and Ghassak H. Jani. "Comparison of Some Mechanical and Physical Properties of three Types of Impression Materials with Different Dental Implant Angulations." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 3 (August 29, 2018): 1359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1499.

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Choosing an appropriate impression material is a challenge for many dentists, yet an essential component to provide an excellent clinical outcome and improve productivity and profit. The purpose of present study was to compare wettability, tear strength and dimensional accuracy of three elastomeric impression materials, with the same consistencies (light-body). Three commercially available light body consistency and regular set 3M ESPE Express polyvinylsiloxane (PVS), 3M ESPE Permadyne polyether (PE), and Identium (ID), impression materials were comparedTear strength test, contact angle test and linear dimensional accuracy were evaluated for three elastic impression material. Among the three experimental groups PE impression material exhibited the higher mean values of tear strength, followed by ID group then PVS which showed the lowest mean value. For wettability test, Polyether group exhibited the lowest mean values of contact angle, followed by mean values of contact angle of ID group, while the PVS group showed the highest contact angle. There was a significant difference in the linear distance measurements between the two parallel impression coping/analogue assembly of the working models obtained by using (Identium, 3M ESPE ExpressPVS , 3M ESPE Permadyne polyether) the polyether impression materials provide higher tear strengths and lower wettability than elastomer impression materials and Identium material have acceptable tear strengths and wettability. All three experimental impression materials were distorted in both conditions (angled and parallel implant situations)

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Ramees, M. Mohamed, Esther A. Abraham, KK Manjusha, A. Nishad, and S. Ramachandraiah. "Force Decay Characteristics of commonly used Elastomeric Chains on Exposure to various Mouth Rinses with different Alcohol Concentration: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 9 (2017): 812–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2132.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to test the effect of varying alcohol concentrations of various commercially available mouthwashes on force decay of elastomeric chains in prestretched and unstretched condition. Materials and methods A total of five specimen groups were tested with a total sample size of 180 specimens. A specimen is described as a three-link, short module, clear elastomeric chain (3M Unitek, Ortho Plus, Ortho Organizer). The control and test groups were independently submerged in separate 37°C artificial saliva to simulate the oral conditions. Effects of different solution groups and time (initial, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) on three different elastomeric chains and force (cN) are analyzed with two-way analysis of variance; pair-wise comparisons are done by t-test. Results Higher mean force was recorded initially followed by 24 hours >7 days >14 days >21 days and 28 days respectively. The difference in mean force decay among the different time intervals was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). Among the different solutions, higher mean force was recorded in 21.6% alcohol mixture > Listerine 8.38% > Wokadine > alcohol mixture 8.38% > artificial saliva. Conclusion In conclusion, alcohol-containing mouth rinses cause an increase in force decay of elastomeric chain over time. Clinical significance These mouth rinses are commonly recommended during orthodontic treatment. The orthodontist can know better that the alcohol content of the mouth rinses and the structural and molecular modification results in the decay of elastomeric chain. How to cite this article Ramachandraiah S, Sridharan K, Nishad A, Manjusha KK, Abraham EA, Ramees MM. Force Decay Characteristics of commonly used Elastomeric Chains on Exposure to various Mouth Rinses with different Alcohol Concentration: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):812-820.

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Reddy, N. Simhachalam, G. Vivekananda Reddy, and Jayaprkash Itttigi. "A Comparative Study to Determine the Wettability and Castability of Different Elastomeric Impression Materials." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 3 (2012): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1151.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to determine the wettability of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic elastomeric impression materials and the gypsum castability. Materials and methods The wettability was evaluated by determining the contact angles of different elastomeric impression materials. The contact angle was determined by placing a drop of aqueous solution of calcium sulfate dihydrate on the flat surface of impression material and specimens were measured using a profile projector. Gypsum castability was determined by counting the number of voids formed in the die stone cast made from the impressions of a aluminum die. The voids were counted using an diopter magnifying lens. Results Polyether, different viscosities of polyvinyl siloxane, and condensation silicone impression materials exhibited low contact angle values and least number of voids in the die stone cast when compared with polysulfide impression material. Conclusion There was significant correlation between the contact angle and voids formed in the die stone casts when fabricating die stone casts from various elastomeric impression material impressions. Clinical significance Accurate reproduction of prepared tooth or edentulous arch is of clinical importance in the fabrication of a fixed or removable prosthesis. Inaccuracies in the replication processes will ultimately have an adverse effect on the fit and adaptation of final restoration. The interaction is determined in part by hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the elastomeric impression material. Inadequate wetting of an impression results in voids in the stone casts. How to cite this article Reddy GV, Reddy NS, Itttigi J, Jagadeesh KN. A Comparative Study to Determine the Wettability and Castability of Different Elastomeric Impression Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):356-363.

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Hu, Xingxue, and William M. Johnston. "Translucency estimation for thick pigmented maxillofacial elastomer." Journal of Dentistry 39 (July 2011): e2-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2011.01.002.

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Hatamleh, Muhanad M., and David C. Watts. "Porosity and Color of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer." Journal of Prosthodontics 20, no. 1 (November 5, 2010): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849x.2010.00652.x.

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Pattan, Sadhiq Khan, Revathi Peddu, Shyam Kumar Bandaru, Devikanth Lanka, Kalyani Mallavarapu, and Azher Banu Pathan. "Efficacy of Super Slick Elastomeric Modules in reducing Friction during Sliding: A Comparative in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 5 (2014): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1576.

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ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate and compare the frictional resistance produced by Super Slick modules during sliding with four different types of brackets and four ligature types both in conventional and figure-of-8 ligation method with saliva as lubricant. Materials and methods The frictional resistance was evaluated by using four different ligatures on 0.019” × 0.025” stainless steel (SS) archwires using four different brackets using an universal testing machine with unstimulated saliva as a lubricant. Mean and SD values were calculated. Data was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance ANOVA with post hoc test. Results The results showed that self-ligating brackets produced least frictional forces. Among all other tested combinations, Teflon-coated SS ligatures in ceramic with metal slot brackets produced least coefficient of static and kinetic friction and full ceramic brackets ligated with Super Slick elastomeric modules demonstrated the highest, with other combinations falling in between. Conclusion Super Slick elastomeric modules, produced highest coefficient of both static and kinetic friction with the conventional and figure-of-8 ligation technique even in wet conditions using natural fresh human saliva. Clinical significance Both static and kinetic frictional resistance play an important role during sliding mechanics. Various factors have been attributed for friction. However, bracket type, archwire material, type of ligature and method of ligation are important variables. Recently polymeric coated slick elastomeric modules were introduced with the claim that they produce very low frictional forces in wet condition. Contrary to the claim made by the manufacturers of Super Slick elastomeric modules, they produced highest coefficient of both static and kinetic friction with the conventional and figure-of-8 ligation technique. How to cite this article Pattan SK, Peddu R, Bandaru SK, Lanka D, Mallavarapu K, Pathan AB. Efficacy of Super Slick Elastomeric Modules in reducing Friction during Sliding: A Comparative in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2014; 15(5):543-551.

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Ma, T., W. M. Johnston, and A. Koran. "The Color Accuracy of the Kubelka-Munk Theory for Various Colorants in Maxillofacial Prosthetic Material." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 9 (September 1987): 1438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660090601.

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The reflectance model developed by Kubelka and Munk was evaluated for agreement in color prediction of thick pigmented samples and for linearity of optical absorption and scattering coefficients with concentration of colorant in maxillofacial elastomer. The colorants tested were generic opacifiers, dry mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants. Significant linear relationships were commonly found between the optical coefficients and the concentration of the colorants. These relationships indicated occasional optical interaction between the colorants and the elastomer. Color differences between theoretical and observed colors of the thick samples averaged 2.96, 3.47, and 1.60 for the opacifiers, mineral earth pigments, and fibrous colorants, respectively, when measured using the CIELAB uniform-color space. The agreement between theoretical and observed colors was significantly closer for the fibrous colorants than for the dry mineral earth pigments of the same labeled color.

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Behnaz, Mohammad, Kazem Dalaie, Sepanta Hosseinpour, Fatemeh Namvar, and Leila Kazemi. "The effect of toothpastes with bleaching agents on the force decay of elastomeric orthodontic chains." European Journal of Dentistry 11, no. 04 (October 2017): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_83_17.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of agents available in whitening toothpastes (Crest® and Sensodyne®) in vitro on the force decay of elastomeric chains used in orthodontics. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 specimens of elastomeric chains were divided into five groups (n = 60) and were evaluated. These groups included (1) the regular Crest® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (2) whitening Crest® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (3) regular Sensodyne® toothpaste and distilled water solution, (4) whitening Sensodyne® toothpaste and distilled water solution, and (5) distilled water as a control group. The samples' force was measured using Instron at intervals of 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: At the initial time point, the difference in the force values of elastomeric chain between any of the groups was not significant (P > 0.05). On the 1st day, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between all groups except the groups of whitening Crest®, regular, and whitening Sensodyne® (P > 0.05). On days 7, 14, and 28, the rate of decline for all groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results obtained in the present study, it seems that toothpastes without whitening agents have less effect on force decay of elastomeric chain over time.

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Parissis, N., D. Iakovidis, S. Chirakis, and A. Tsirlis. "Radiopacity of elastomeric impression materials." Australian Dental Journal 39, no. 3 (June 1994): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb03090.x.

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JAMANI, K. D., E. HARRINGTON, and H. J. WILSON. "Rigidity of elastomeric impression materials." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 16, no. 3 (May 1989): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1989.tb01338.x.

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Silva, Vanessa Dias da, Caroline Dias, Leandro Berni Osório, Paulo Ricardo Baccarin Matje, Luciane Macedo de Menezes, and Eduardo Martinelli Santayana de Lima. "Color changes of esthetic elastomeric ligatures evaluated with the Commission Internationale d'Éclairage color system." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 03 (July 2018): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_355_17.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to assess and compare color changes in esthetic elastomeric ligatures after 30 days in situ using a spectrophotometer and the Commission Internationale d'Éclairage (CIE) color system. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised elastomeric ligatures of four color groups (n = 42): blue pearl (BP); colorless; white pearl (WP); and pearl. Four samples from each group were allocated in for quadrants of seven patients in a split-mouth model. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer in the elastomeric ligatures as received (T0) and after 30 days in situ (T1). Variables L*, a*, and b* were compared between times (T1–T0) with Wilcoxon paired ranks; color changes were compared between groups with Kruskal–Wallis test; Dunn's test was used for multiple comparisons. Spearman's correlation was applied between CIELAB and CIEDE2000 calculations. Results: All groups showed color changes (T1–T0) in a* and b*, but only the Group BP had a change in L* (P < 0.01). Group C showed the greatest lightness decrease (ΔL = −2.49 ± 0.47) (P < 0.05), the smallest yellowing (Δb = 3.17 ± 0.88) (P < 0.05), and the smallest total color change (ΔE2000 = 3.19 ± 0.85), which had no statistical difference from Group WP (ΔE2000 = 3.36 ± 0.53). Correlation between ΔEab and ΔE2000 was moderate (r = 0.59; P < 0.01). Conclusions: Esthetic elastomeric ligatures became yellowish after 30 days in situ, and there were color differences between them.

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Mohammadi, Amir, and Farhang Mahmoodi. "Evaluation of Force Degradation Pattern of Elastomeric Ligatures and Elastomeric Separators in Active Tieback State." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 9, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2015.045.

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