Journal articles: 'Elbow flexion contracture'

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BREEN, T. F., R. H. GELBERMAN, and G. N. ACKERMAN. "Elbow Flexion Contractures: Treatment by Anterior Release and Continuous Passive Motion." Journal of Hand Surgery 13, no. 3 (1988): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681_88_90088-5.

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We treated three elbows with post-traumatic flexion contractures (mean contracture: 41°) by operative release and post-operative continuous passive motion rehabilitation. Each elbow had been resistant to at least six weeks of conservative therapy. All patients complained of the residual deformity and some functional deficit. All patients, after failure of non-operative therapy, desired operative treatment. At follow-up (mean 12 months), there was a mean post-operative contracture of 5°. Continuous passive motion is recommended as an adjunct to anterior release in patients with resistant elbow flexion contractures.

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Dramis, Asterios, and Robert J. Grimer. "Angioleiomyoma: A Rare Cause of Fixed Flexion Contracture of the Elbow." Sarcoma 2006 (2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/srcm/2006/93569.

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We describe an unusual case of a patient presented with a painless fixed flexion contracture of the elbow due to an angioleiomyoma. This benign smooth muscle tumour should be considered in the differential diagnosis of flexion contractures of the elbow.

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Rodriguez, Joshua, Joshua Rodriguez, Scott Vocke, and Brooke Dean. "1008 Utilization of Serial Casting and Dynamic Functional Splint to Manage Burn Scar Elbow Flexion Contractures." Journal of Burn Care & Research 46, Supplement_1 (2025): S405—S406. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraf019.539.

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Abstract Introduction Burn scar contracture (BSC) is a complication that can occur during the remodeling phase of wound healing. Serial casting is an effective intervention used to progressively increase ROM of joints impacted from BSC by providing low load, long duration stress. However, there are several disadvantages to immobilizing joints with casts such as, development of disuse atrophy and limiting functional use of a casted extremity. Even after ROM gains are made, immature scar continues to be suspectable to re-contracture. Dynamic splints can offer several benefits that serial casting cannot including allowing for functional movement and splint donning/doffing. This case series investigates the utilization of serial casting followed by the use of a novel dynamic functional elbow extension splint to maintain and improve on ROM gains from serial casting. Methods 2 patients with elbow flexion BSC were included in this case series and underwent initial serial casting using fiberglass casting tape. Subject A presented with bilateral elbow BSC and serial casting was performed requiring 1 cast over a 2-days. Subject B presented with a right elbow BSC and serial casting was performed requiring 2 casts over 6-days. Subsequently, dynamic elbow extension splints were fabricated using a novel moldable wood-composite and a biodegradable polymer splinting material (See image). Splint wearing schedules were prescribed and ROM measurements were tracked at each subsequent visit. Results Significant elbow extension PROM improvements were made from serial casting in both subjects: Subject A – Right Elbow (RE): 30°; Left Elbow (LE): 46°. Subject B – RE: 55°. Further PROM elbow extension gains were made with initiation of dynamic splinting and re-contracture prevented: Subject A - RE: 5°; LE: 7°. Subject B – RE: 10°. Conclusions Utilizing serial casting for initial treatment of elbow flexion BSC in these 2 subjects was effective in achieving significant extension PROM improvements. Follow-up use of a novel dynamic functional elbow extension splint was successful in maintaining these ROM gains and further improved each of the contractures. Applicability of Research to Practice Our results supported the effectiveness of serial casting in treating BSC. However, there is continued risk for rebound contracture during the scar maturation process. In our limited case series, we were able to prevent re-contracture of all 3 elbow contractures investigated and continue to make ROM improvements using a dynamic elbow extension splint. In addition, this splint allows patients to participate in functional activities requiring elbow AROM while still providing scar with a low load dynamic stretch. We hope that this case series will aide other burn rehabilitation clinician in managing elbow flexion contractures caused by BSC. Funding for the Study N/A

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Wang, Fang, Jiaming Wang, Mingxin Li, et al. "Biomechanical study of the effect of traction on elbow joint capsule contracture." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, no. 12 (2023): 21451–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023949.

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<abstract> Dynamic orthoses have a significant effect on the treatment of elbow capsular contracture. Because of the lack of quantitative research on traction forces, determining the appropriate traction force to help stretch soft tissues and maintain the joint's range of motion is a challenge in the rehabilitation process. We developed a human elbow finite element (FE) model incorporating the activity behavior of the muscles and considering different capsular contracture locations, including total, anterior and posterior capsular contractures, to analyze the internal biomechanical responses of different capsular contracture models during flexion (30 to 80 degrees). Traction loads of 10, 20, 30 and 40 N were applied to the ulna and radius at the maximum flexion angle (80 degrees) to explore the appropriate traction loads at week 4 after a joint capsule injury. We observed a significant increase in posterior capsule stress with anterior capsular contracture (ACC), and the maximum peak stress was 1.3 times higher than that in the healthy model. During the fourth week after elbow capsule injury, the appropriate traction forces for total capsule contracture (TCC), ACC and posterior capsule contracture (PCC) were 20, 10 and 20 N, respectively; these forces maintained a stable biomechanical environment for the elbow joint and achieved a soft tissue pulling effect, thus increasing elbow mobility. The results can be used as a quantitative guide for the rehabilitation physicians to determine the traction load for a specific patient. </abstract>

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Ballinger, Steven G., and M. Mark Hoffer. "Elbow Flexion Contracture in Erb's Palsy." Journal of Child Neurology 9, no. 2 (1994): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088307389400900220.

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van der Sluijs, J. A., M. J. van der Sluijs, F. van de Bunt, and W. J. R. van Ouwerkerk. "What influences contracture formation in lower motor neuron disorders, severity of denervation or residual muscle function? An analysis of the elbow contracture in 100 children with unilateral Brachial Plexus Birth Injury." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 12, no. 5 (2018): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.12.180051.

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Purpose As in other neuromuscular disorders, both denervation and muscle paresis/imbalance are implicated as aetiological factors for contractures in children with a Brachial Plexus Birth Injury (BPBI). Although both factors are related, it is unclear which factor is dominant. The aim of this study is to assess whether contracture formation in children is predominantly related to denervation or to residual muscle function/imbalance. This might be relevant for understanding contracture formation in other neuromuscular disorders. Methods A total of 100 children (61 boys; mean age 10.4 years, 4 to 18) with unilateral BPBI were included in this cross-sectional study. Severity of the denervation was classified according to Narakas. Muscle function of flexors and extensors of both elbows was measured (in Newtons) using a hand-held dynamometer and flexion contractures were measured with a goniometer. The relation between denervation, muscle function/muscle balance and flexion contracture was assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Of the children, 57 were Narakas class I, 13 class II and 30 class III. Mean flexion contracture was 25° (90° to −5°). At the affected side the forearm flexion force was 47% and extension force was 67% of the force of the unaffected side. Contractures were more severe in children with higher Narakas classifications (p = 0.001), after neurosurgery (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.009) and were related to age (Spearman’s Rho = −0.3, p = 0.008) and to paresis of the extensors (Rho = 0.4, p = 0.000). Flexor paresis as a percentage of unaffected side (Rho = 0.06, p = 0.6) and muscle balance had no influence. Conclusion In BPBI, elbow contractures are related to the severity of the neurological lesion, not to residual muscle function. Level of evidence Level II – prognostic study

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Buchanan, Patrick J., John A. I. Grossman, Andrew E. Price, Chandan Reddy, Mustafa Chopan, and Harvey Chim. "The Use of Botulinum Toxin Injection for Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries: A Systematic Review of the Literature." HAND 14, no. 2 (2018): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944718760038.

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Background: Most brachial plexus birth injuries (BPBIs) are caused by traction on the brachial plexus during a difficult delivery. Fortunately, the possibility of complete recovery from such an incident is relatively high, with only 10% to 30% of patients having prolonged and persistent disability. These patients have muscle imbalances and co-contractions typically localized around the shoulder and elbow. These imbalances and co-contractures cause abnormal motor performances and bone/joint deformities. Typically, physical/occupational therapies are the conventional therapeutic modalities but are often times inadequate. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections into targeted muscles have been used to combat the muscular imbalances and co-contractions. Methods: With compliance to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was performed to identify studies published between 2000 and 2017 that used BTX-A to treat neonatal brachial plexus palsies. Results: Ten studies were included, involving 325 patients. Three groups of indications for the use of BTX-A were identified: (1) internal rotation/adduction contracture of the shoulder; (2) elbow flexion lag/elbow extension lag; and (3) forearm pronation contracture. Conclusions: The included studies show an overall beneficial effect of BTX-A in treating co-contractures seen in patients with BPBI. Specifically, BTX-A is shown to reduce internal rotation/adduction contractures of the shoulder, elbow flexion/extension contractures, and forearm pronation contractures. These beneficial effects are blunted when used in older patients. Nevertheless, BTX-A is a useful treatment for BPBIs with a relatively low-risk profile.

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TERZIS, J. K., and Z. T. KOKKALIS. "Elbow Flexion after Primary Reconstruction in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 34, no. 4 (2009): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193409105188.

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Fifty-two children (54 upper extremities) with obstetric brachial plexus palsy who underwent primary reconstruction for elbow flexion restoration were studied. The outcomes were analysed in relation to the type of brachial plexus lesion, timing of surgery, and the type of reconstruction. Overall, 42 of 54 extremities (78%) achieved good and excellent results (≥M3+). The average postoperative muscle grading for the biceps was 3.7 (SD 0.8), and the average postoperative active elbow flexion was 108° (SD 33°). The average elbow flexion contracture was 18° (SD 21°). The timing of surgery and the type of the brachial plexus injury significantly influenced the final outcome. The best results were seen in early cases (≤3 months), where the lateral cord was reconstructed from intraplexus donors. In this group, minimal flexion contracture deformity was observed. Late reconstruction (≥7 months) of the musculocutaneous nerve resulted in inferior results.

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Divljaković, Maja, and Aleksandra Mikov. "EFFECTS OF REHABILITATION TREATMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ELBOW CONTRACTURE AFTER SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURES IN CHILDHOOD." Exercise and Quality of Life 2, no. 2 (2010): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31382/eqol201002082d.

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&lt;p&gt;Supracondylar fractures of humerus are the most frequent arm fractures in childhood. Complications of these fractures most often take the form of elbow contractures. The aim of this paper was to determine effects of rehabilitation treatment and characteristics of elbow contractures. During five-year period (2005-2010), 61 patients with posttraumatic elbow contracture were treated at the Institute for Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina. Flynn&amp;iacute;s three-grade scale was applied to determine the elbow mobility level, prior to treatment and at its end. After the completed physical treatment, there is a highly statistically significant difference in terms of increased flexion and extension of elbow (p0.0001). In 90.16% children, the result was satisfactory upon completed physical treatment. By means of combined application of different forms of physical therapy, treatment results of elbow contractures after supracondylar fractures have significantly improved.&lt;/p&gt;

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Karki, Durga, Nikhil Mehta, and Ravi Prakash Narayan. "Subcutaneous pedicle propeller flap: An old technique revisited and modified!" Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 49, no. 02 (2016): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.191306.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Post-burn axillary and elbow scar contracture is a challenging problem to the reconstructive surgeon owing to the wide range of abduction and extension that should be achieved, respectively, while treating either of the joint. The aim of this paper is to highlight the use of subcutaneous pedicle propeller flap for the management of post-burn axillary and elbow contractures. Methodology: This is a prospective case study of axillary and elbow contractures managed at a tertiary care hospital using propeller flap based on subcutaneous pedicle from 2009 to 2014. Surgical treatment comprised of subcutaneous-based pedicle propeller flap from the normal tissue within the contracture based on central axis pedicle. The flap was rotated axially to break the contracture. The technique further encompassed a modification, a Zig-Zag incision of the flap, which was seen to prevent hypertrophy along the incision line. There was a mean period of 12 months of follow-up. Results: Thirty-eight patients consisting of 22 males and 16 females were included in this study among which 23 patients had Type II axillary contractures and 15 had moderate flexion contractures at elbow joint. The post-operative abduction achieved at shoulder joint had a mean of 168° whereas extension achieved at elbow had a mean of 175°. The functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory. Conclusion: The choice of surgical procedure for reconstruction of post-burn upper extremity contractures should be made according to the pattern of scar contracture and the state of surrounding skin. The choice of subcutaneous pedicle propeller flap should be emphasised because of the superior functional results of flap as well as ease to learn it. Moreover, the modification of propeller flap described achieves better results in terms of scar healing. There is an inter-positioning of healthy skin in between the graft, so it prevents scar band formation all around the flap.

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Kim, Jin Young, and Guk Jin Choi. "Lateral Elbow Dislocation of a Patient with Elbow Flexion Contracture and a Traumatic Brain Lesion." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 26, no. 03 (2021): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835521720140.

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Most of the lateral dislocations reported in previous literatures occurred to healthy patients by accident. However, our patient had limping gait, flexion contracture of the elbow, and spasticity in an affected arm due to a traumatic brain lesion 20 years ago. He fell down while taking a walk and presented with a lateral elbow dislocation accompanying tingling sense in ulnar nerve territory of his hand. Open reduction was performed. The torn MCL was reattached and the ulnar nerve was released. In postoperative six months, the range of motion was regained and the neurologic symptoms were resolved. This case shows that flexion contracture of elbow joint and a brain lesion causing motor disturbance of upper extremity could be the specific condition causing lateral elbow dislocation. Open reduction including repair of MCL and decompression of ulnar nerve, seems quite reasonable for the treatment of the lateral elbow dislocation.

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Coroneos, Christopher J., Zeev V. Maizlin, Carol DeMatteo, Deborah Gjertsen, and James R. Bain. "“Popeye muscle” morphology in OBPI elbow flexion contracture." Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery 49, no. 6 (2015): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/2000656x.2015.1049543.

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Qi Wang, Jiang Peng, Aiyuan Wang, Wenjing Xu, Jinshu Tang, and Jinshu Tang. "Treatment and rehabilitation of post-traumatic elbow stiffness with heterotopic ossification." Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery 59 (February 4, 2024): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/jphs.v59.18363.

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Aim: To investigate surgical treatment, postoperative rehabilitation and prevention of heterotopic ossification (HO) in patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness combined with HO between 2007 and 2021. This study was performed on a total of 15 patients (18 elbows) admitted to our hospital, consisting of 12 males and 3 females, with post-traumatic stiffness of the elbow combined with HO, where elbow function could not be recovered by rehabilitation and orthosis treatment. Fifteen patients were treated by surgical excision of heterotopic bones and release of elbow contracture combined with postoperative rehabilitation and orthosis-wearing. Comprehensive treatments, including radiation, oral ibuprofen medication, and manipulation techniques to improve range of motion, were used to prevent HO recurrence. The flexion–extension arc and functional score of the elbow were measured after treatment and compared with the preoperative measurements. Roentgenography was used to observe HO recurrence. Results: After surgical treatment and postoperative rehabilitation, the patients’ range of motion improved, and the functional score improved considerably. The postoperative flexion-extension arc and The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) functional score were statistically significantly higher than the preoperative values (p < 0.01). Roentgenographic examination showed no HO recurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Surgical excision of heterotopic bones and elbow contracture release combined with postoperative rehabilitation and preventative HO measures can be an effective treatment for cases of post-traumatic elbow stiffness combined with HO, for which conservative treatment is ineffective.

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Pankaj, Mehrotra. "Utilization of Advancement/Local Flaps for the Management of Severe Upper Extremity Burn Contractures." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 14, no. 9 (2022): 856–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13333144.

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Introduction: Severe postburn contractures can lead to partial or total loss of function of the limbs, with devastating socioeconomic and psychosocial impact on the individual, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: To analyze all cases of post burn scar contracture and classify axillary contracture based on type and severity with duration of hospital stay, complication rate. Methods: A retrospective record-based study was done and analyzed data of all patients who have undergone surgery for severe burn contractures of elbow and axilla by means of our technique were retrieved. All patients who had post burn scar contracture (Axilla, elbow, wrist) and who underwent surgical management were included in the study. Results: In 30 patients (24 female,6 male) out of this 20 had right side axilla involved and 10 had left side involvement. The mean age of the patient with axilla contracture was 16.4 years (range 3 to 62 years) and there were 7 men (22.6 %) and 24 women (77.4 %). with a mean age of 16.4 years, shoulder range of motion improved significantly from preoperative 111.0° to postoperative 149.4° of abduction-adduction. The elbow range of motion improved from preoperative 76.6° to postoperative 108.6° of flexion-extension, with a significant reduction in the residual elbow contracture from 60.5° preoperatively to 18.5° postoperatively. The average follow-up was 3 months (range, 1.5-7 months). Conclusions: We conclude that this relatively simple and safe technique limits the risk for early postoperative healing complications and recurrence of the contractures in the long term.

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Price, Andrew E., Harvey Chim, Herbert Valencia, and John A. I. Grossman. "Result of modified Outerbridge-Kashiwagi procedure for elbow flexion contractures in brachial plexus birth injury." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 44, no. 3 (2018): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193418797924.

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We report the results of ten consecutive patients who had correction of an elbow flexion contracture of greater than 30° in brachial plexus birth injury using a modified Outerbridge-Kashiwagi procedure. All patients had minimum 23-month follow-up. Pre- and post-operative elbow range of motion and DASH scores were recorded in all patients. The operative technique for the procedure and post-operative course is discussed. Surgery was supplemented by botulinum toxin injection into the biceps brachii muscle in most cases. The average age at surgery was 14 years 10 months. The initial plexus lesion was global in eight patients and upper in two. Pre-operative flexion contractures averaged 51° (range 35 to 60) and post-operative averaged 21° (range 15 to 30). Of these patients, one had no change in active flexion, four had loss of active flexion, and five had gain of active flexion. All ten patients were satisfied with their results and stated that they would recommend the procedure to other patients. Level of evidence: IV

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Fujimaki, Ryoji, Toshiyasu Nakamura, Kaziki Sato, Yoshiaki Toyama, and Hiroyasu Ikegami. "FLEXION CONTRACTURE OF THE ELBOW DUE TO PHLEBOSCLEROSIS INDUCED BY ANTI-CANCER DRUG INFUSION." Hand Surgery 13, no. 02 (2008): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810408003864.

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This case report describes a patient with elbow contracture due to phlebosclerosis induced by anti-cancer drug infusion. Limitation of elbow extension was completely relieved by surgical excision of the sclerotic vein.

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Tyazhelov, Olexiy, Olena Karpinska, Mykola Rykun, and Oleksandr Branitskyi. "EFFECT OF CHANGES IN THE LENGTH OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE MUSCULOTENDINOUS ELEMENT OF THE ELBOW FLEXOR MUSCLES ON THE ISOMETRIC FORCE AND JOINT TORQUE." ORTHOPAEDICS TRAUMATOLOGY and PROSTHETICS, no. 4 (January 16, 2024): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15674/0030-59872023448-55.

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Immobilization of the joint leads to the formation of immobilization contracture, which is accompanied by a decrease in the elasticity of tendons and muscles, i.e. loss of full contraction and stretching. The torque in human joints is one of the key indicators in assessing rehabilitation. Objective. To study the effect of changes in the strength, length of muscles and tendons of the elbow joint on the torque in flexion. Methods. The basic OpenSim model arm26 was used for modeling. To determine the change in the length of the components of the muscle-tendon element (MTE), their length was determined at a 90° angle of elbow flexion. The decrease in muscle strength was considered a loss per day for elbow flexors — 1.2 %, extensors — 1.1 %. The decrease in strength was calculated for a period of immobilization of 45 days. Three models were created: Normal — a model without changes in muscle parameters; Contracture — a change in the length of muscles and tendons; Contracture + muscle (CM) — an additional decrease in muscle strength. Results. The obtained data of torques when changing the length of the MTE components showed their increase in conditions of unchanged isometric muscle strength. But this option is not possible after immobilization of the limb. Therefore, it is closer to the real model of СM, in which the torque is significantly reduced by the amount of decrease in muscle strength. These models show a tendency that the change in the components of the MTE due to immobilization increases the joint torque and, when trying to apply excessive force during joint development, can lead to traumatic consequences. During immobilization, the flexor muscles shorten, which prevents the patient from fully extending the elbow joint. Conclusions. This work on predicting the elbow joint torque generated by the muscles can be useful in studying specific clinical situations with elbow joint contractures, but cannot be fully transferred to practice due to the significant conventionality of the model parameters. However, the modeling method can show trends in changes in muscle function parameters when their geometry changes.

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Reece, Edward M., Scott N. Oishi, and Marybeth Ezaki. "Brachioradialis Flap for Coverage After Elbow Flexion Contracture Release." Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery 14, no. 2 (2010): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bth.0b013e3181d44096.

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Fortier, Marielle V., Bruce B. Forster, Stephen Pinney, and William Regan. "Mr assessment of posttraumatic flexion contracture of the elbow." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 5, no. 4 (1995): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.1880050419.

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Kuznetsov, L. A., A. V. Rybin, N. N. Volokhovsky, M. V. Ryabinin, and N. T. Yatsenyak. "ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT OF ELBOW CONTRACTURE IN SPORTSMAN." Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia 16, no. 3 (2010): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2010-0-3-131-134.

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This is an example of treatment of a professional sportsman with osteochondritis dissecans and flexion-extension contracture of an elbow. As a result of treatment it was proven, that the arthroscopic method of treatment undoubtedly had an obvious positive effect compared to the traditional non-operative treatment. The course of treatment for such patients with similar pathologies should be an active one - the use of arthroscopy followed by a rehabilitation in order to achieve the best result possible.

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Agranovich, Olga E., Ekaterina V. Petrova, Sergey F. Batkin, et al. "Comparison of the results of partial monopolar transfer of the pectoralis major for restoring active elbow flexion in children with arthrogryposis." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 10, no. 1 (2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors99901.

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BACKGROUND: The absence of active forearm flexion in children with amyoplasia leads to severe functional disorders. Muscle transfer can potentially restore active elbow flexion and the patients daily living. AIM: This study compares the results of the transposition of the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major to the biceps brachii and identifies the optimal donor area for restoring active elbow flexion in children with amyoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective study involved 61 patients with amyoplasia (30 (49%) girls and 31 (51%) boys) who were examined and treated from 2011 to 2020. Restoration of elbow flexion was performed in 90 cases. In 46 cases (51.1%), we used the pectoralis major, and in 44 (48.9%), the latissimus dorsi as donor muscles. In both groups, we performed monopolar muscle transfers. The clinical examination of the patients was conducted before and after the operation. Statistical data processing was performed using Statistica 10 and SAS JMP 11. RESULTS: The age of patients at the time of surgery was from 1.5 to 15.5 years (6.24 4.24 years), the follow-up period after surgery was from 6 to 99 months (41.25 30.19 months). After surgery, all patients had elbow flexion contractures. However, when the latissimus dorsi was used as a donor muscle, the degree of contracture was less than after pectoralis major transfer (15.19 13.04 and 23.24 15.37, respectively, p = 0.0483). In addition, after the latissimus dorsi transfer, the strength of the forearm flexors was on average 1 point greater than after the pectoralis major transfer (2.85 1.08 and 4.00 0.62 points, respectively, p 0.0001). After the latissimus dorsi transfer, the active elbow amplitude flexion was bigger than that of the pectoralis major transfer (75.37 17.86 and 55.88 24.60, respectively, p = 0.0022). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated the effectiveness of using the latissimus dorsi and the pectoralis major to restore elbow flexion in children with amyoplasia. However, if it is possible to choose a donor muscle, it should be the latissimus dorsi.

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Fukamizu, H., H. Ichikawa, K. Iwatsuki, and M. Takigawa. "Systematized keratotic nevus with finger contracture." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 71, no. 3 (1991): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555571255257.

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A case of systematized keratotic nevus which is a peculiar form of epidermal nevus is reported. The present case is rare because of the dysfunction of incomplete flexion of fingers by systematized keratotic nevus. Furthermore, it involved mixed clinical and histological changes of epidermal nevus from fingers to elbow. An operation with full-thickness skin graft was undertaken.

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Keeping, P., and R. Major. "Use of a gas spring contracture correction orthosis for the management of a fixed flexion contracture of the elbow." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 23, no. 1 (1999): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649909071616.

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This paper describes the application of low level controlled torque to an elbow contracture through the use of an active orthosis. Over a period of twenty months the lack of elbow extension range was reduced from 105 degrees to 57 degrees. A description of the important orthotic design factors which led to significant functional improvement is provided.

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Gilbert, M. S., and T. E. Radomisli. "Management of fixed flexion contracture of the elbow in haemophilia." Haemophilia 5, s1 (1999): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.1999.0050s1039.x.

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Meeran, Ahamed Rafeeq. "Study about the Effectiveness of Serial Stretching in Post Burn Elbow and Knee Flexion Contracture." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 01 (2017): 16093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i1.137.

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AL-QATTAN, M. M. "Elbow Flexion Reconstruction by Steindler Flexorplasty in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy." Journal of Hand Surgery 30, no. 4 (2005): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.03.003.

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The results of Steindler flexorplasty in nine patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy are reported. There were 5 girls and 4 boys with a mean age of 6 (range 2–13) years. Selection criteria for the procedure included strong (at least M4) grip strength and wrist and elbow extension, as well as the presence of the “Steindler effect”. Pre-operatively, elbow flexion was rated as M0 or M1 in three patients and M2 in the remaining six patients. Intra-operatively, the detached common flexor origin was advanced 5 to 7 cm and fixation was done to the anterior humerus either with direct suture to the periosteum (in younger children) or suturing into a drill hole in the humerus (in older children). Postoperatively, the elbow was immobilized in flexion and supination for 6 weeks. At a mean follow-up of 5 years, the results in eight patients were good with mean active elbow flexion against resistance of 110° and a mean elbow flexion contracture of 35°. The result in the remaining patient was poor (unsuccessful transfer). It is concluded that the results of the Steindler flexorplasty in obstetric brachial plexus palsy patients are good and reliable, provided patient selection is careful.

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Madura, Tomas, Kazuteru Doi, Yasunori Hattori, Sotetsu Sakamoto, and Takashi Shimoe. "Free functioning gracilis transfer for reanimation of elbow and hand in total traumatic brachial plexopathy in children." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 43, no. 6 (2018): 596–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193418762950.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes of the free functioning gracilis transfer in children with traumatic total brachial plexus palsy. We used the free functioning gracilis transfer to reconstruct elbow flexion and prehension in 17 children with a mean age of 13.4 years (range 3–17) who were followed-up over a mean period of 6 years (range 2–16). The transferred gracilis delivered a stable elbow flexion with a useful power, as well as reconstructed active finger motion. In 3–11-year-old patients we noted a tendency towards developing a progressive flexion contracture of the elbow. The limb length discrepancy observed in our patients was not different from the brachial plexus palsy patients treated without the free functioning gracilis transfer. In conclusion, the free functioning gracilis transfer is a reliable reconstructive technique for reanimating upper extremity in children of all ages capable of delivering stable function over a long period of time. Level of evidence: IV

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Monaisa, Brian, Sibusiso Phiri, and Elias Ndobe. "Paediatric Elbow Flexion Reconstruction with the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap, Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Medical Research and Surgery 1, no. 4 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.52916/jmrs204021.

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We have conducted two latissimus dorsi transfers for elbow function reconstruction in paediatric patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital. The first patient was a four-year-old girl with distal, asymmetric arthrogryposis, involving the shoulder, elbow, and wrist. The second patient was a five-year-old boy with paediatric brachial plexus injury, with C5 and C6 root avulsions with an inability to flex the elbow, as well as a glenohumeral contracture. He presented following a rotational humerus osteotomy. We performed a unipolar latissimus dorsi transfer in both patients with good results. We also performed a literature review to compare the available methods of elbow flexion reconstruction, especially in paediatric cases. We believe that the latissimus dorsi transfer is the preferred muscle transfer for reconstructing elbow function and the literature review supports this assertion.

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Yano, Koichi, Yasunori Kaneshiro, and Hideki Sakanaka. "Surgical Treatment for Malunion of the Lateral Humeral Epicondyle with Posterior Subluxation of the Radial Head: A Case Report and Literature Review." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2018 (July 24, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1901235.

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A 24-year-old right-handed man suffered right olecranon and lateral epicondylar fracture from high energy trauma. Fixation of olecranon was performed by a previous doctor. Three months after operation, he presented with limited range of motion (ROM) of the right elbow caused by malunion of the lateral epicondylar fracture and subluxation of the radiohumeral joint. Preoperative ROM of the right elbow was flexion 110° and extension −75°. Forearm rotation was pronation 85° and supination 65°. Fragment excision of the lateral epicondyle, which was 27 mm in length, and lateral collateral ligament repair using anchors were performed. Fourteen months postoperatively, contracture release of the elbow was performed. Twenty-four months postoperatively, radiograph of the elbow showed normal congruence without osteoarthritic changes and the ROM of the right elbow was flexion 120° and extension −35°. Forearm rotation was pronation 90° and supination 70°. In the surgical setting, in case of the size of the lateral epicondylar fragment is relatively large, the fragment should be fixed or lateral collateral ligament should be repaired when the instability of the elbow is found.

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Kang, Bokku, Gu-Hee Jung, Erica Kholinne, In-ho Jeon, and Jae-Man Kwak. "The elbow is the load-bearing joint during arm swing." Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow 26, no. 2 (2023): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2023.00101.

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Background: Arm swing plays a role in gait by accommodating forward movement through trunk balance. This study evaluates the biomechanical characteristics of arm swing during gait.Methods: The study performed computational musculoskeletal modeling based on motion tracking in 15 participants without musculoskeletal or gait disorder. A three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking system using three Azure Kinect (Microsoft) modules was used to obtain information in the 3D location of shoulder and elbow joints. Computational modeling using AnyBody Modeling System was performed to calculate the joint moment and range of motion (ROM) during arm swing.Results: The mean ROM of the dominant elbow was 29.7°±10.2° and 14.2°±3.2° in flexion–extension and pronation–supination, respectively. The mean joint moment of the dominant elbow was 56.4±12.7 Nm, 25.6±5.2 Nm, and 19.8±4.6 Nm in flexion–extension, rotation, and abduction–adduction, respectively. Conclusions: The elbow bears the load created by gravity and muscle contracture in dynamic arm swing movement.

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Kraushaar, Barry S., Robert P. Nirschl, and William Cox. "A modified lateral approach for release of posttraumatic elbow flexion contracture." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 8, no. 5 (1999): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1058-2746(99)90080-0.

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Tirtosuharto, Henry, Made Bramantya Karna, Anak Agung Gde Yuda Asmara, and Putu Feryawan Meregawa. "Open reduction, triceps lengthening, and collateral ligaments reconstruction in neglected elbow dislocation: a case report." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 12 (2020): 4488. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20205329.

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Neglected elbow dislocations are common in developing countries. Neglected elbow dislocation leads to retraction of triceps muscles and collateral ligaments. This cause limitation of range of movement that is inadequate for the activities of daily living. A 48 years old man presented with stiffness on the left elbow. He fell down with arm in extension position 8 months prior to admission and was treated by a traditional bonesetter before seeking medical treatment. Active ROM of the left elbow was limited to 15ᵒ during flexion. The patient diagnosed as left elbow contracture due to neglected left elbow dislocation. Open reduction, MCL-LCL reconstruction and triceps lengthening was performed. Left elbow ROM was improved and MEPI score was good on 5 months evaluation. Open reduction surgery was done to avoid the risk of fracture or articular surface damage. The posterior approach provides good exposure to the retracted posterior structures and give easier access to perform V-Y plasty used for triceps lengthening. Collateral ligaments repair provides immediate stability and give better functional results. Docking technique was used for collateral ligaments repair using fascia lata tendon graft. Immobilization and physical rehabilitation are done to improve elbow joints range of movement. Open reduction surgery, triceps lengthening and collateral ligaments reconstruction using tendon graft from tensor fascia lata give satisfactory outcome for elbow contracture due to neglected left elbow dislocation.

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Andre, Gregory, Brooke Dean, Scott Vocke, and Joshua Rodriguez. "564 Simplified Dynamic Splints for Common Scar Contractures of the Hand." Journal of Burn Care & Research 44, Supplement_2 (2023): S114—S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irad045.159.

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Abstract Introduction Common problems associated with immature burn scarring of the hands include proximal interphalangeal (PIP)/distal interphalangeal (DIP) flexion contracture, first webspace contracture, and metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) hyperextension that require diligent splinting intervention in therapy and at home to improve patient outcomes. Dynamic splinting can be used to provide low-load long-duration stretch; however, they can be difficult for patients to don independently at home and are often time consuming for therapists to fabricate. Alternative methods of using neoprene strapping were utilized to provide the dynamic pull to simplify the supplies required and improve ease of use for the patient. Methods Using the “I splint” for elbow flexion contractures as a model, we fabricated a smaller version for use in finger PIP and DIP flexion contractures using thermoplastic material and neoprene strapping (Figure 1a). A novel splint for thumb abduction/extension in treatment of first web space scar contracture (Figure 1b). Based on a traditional MCP flexion splint, we utilized neoprene strapping instead of springs or rubber bands and a plastic D ring instead of metal outrigger (Figure 2). Splint wear started at 1x/ day for 5 minutes and progressed to 3-5x/day for 5-15 minutes as tolerated. Results Digit PIP or DIP extender (figure 1a.) after 1 week of daily wear improved PIP extension from 45 degrees (of flexion) to 25 degrees and DIP extension from 50 degrees to 30 degrees. Thumb Post Splint (figure 1b.) after 2 weeks of daily wear improved radial abduction from 45 degrees to 58 degrees. Dynamic MCP flexion splint (figure 2) after 1 month of daily wear improved left ring finger active MCP flexion from 0-20 degrees to 0-40 degrees. Left small finger active MCP flexion improved from (-50) - 0 degrees to (-40) - 5 degrees (negative parenthetical value denotes hyperextension). Conclusions Dynamic splints utilizing neoprene strapping contributed to improved range of motion for all patients included in this case series. Therapists noted that splint adjustments were infrequent and minimal throughout time of use. Patients reported ease of use and compliance with splint wear schedule outside of therapy sessions. The amount of time spent fabricating compared to traditional methods was not tracked and would be an interesting point to consider in the future. Applicability of Research to Practice We hope that this presentation may give other practitioners new tools to address common burn scar contractures of the hand and simplify both the fabrication process and materials required for dynamic splinting.

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Kuznetsov, I. A., M. V. Ryabinin, G. I. Zhabin, M. R. Salikhov, and A. V. Rybin. "Treatment of Patients with Elbow Osteoarthrosis I-II Stage by Arthroscopy." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 20, no. 2 (2013): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto20130238-42.

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Comparative assessment of conventional (control group, 30 patients) and arthroscopic (main group, 16patients) treatment techniques was performed by the treatment outcomes of 46 patients aged 20-50 years with I-II stage of elbow osteoarthrosis and resultant flexion-extension contracture. Elbow function was evaluated by MEPS scale prior to and 1 month after operation. The advantage of arthroscopic intervention that enabled to eliminate intraarticular pathology, to initiate early rehabilitation and provided good functional result at short terms — 91 points in the main group versus 74 points in control one.

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Wu, Karl, Chih-Hung Chang, Ja-Wine Chen, and Sheng-Mou Hou. "DESIGN AND RATIONALE OF A NEW TYPE PROGRESSIVE STRETCHING STATIC ADJUSTABLE ELBOW SPLINT FOR POST-OPERATIVE REHABILITATION AFTER ELBOW TRAUMA OR SURGERY." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 19, no. 03 (2007): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237207000197.

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Among all the joints in the human body, the elbow joint is the one which most easily suffers from stiffness. Thus, a progressive stretching static adjustable elbow splint is necessary for a post-traumatic or post-operative situation in treating of elbow problems. We developed a new type of static adjustable elbow splint, which can provide flexion and extension in a wide range of motion. The splint also has a self-adjustable spiral rod. Patients can adjust the motion arc according to his tolerance, which may reduce the iatrogenic injury caused by forceful manipulation. The splint has two rotation hinges to provide self-adjustment of rotation center. We can apply this new type of splint for post-operative rehabilitation of elbow surgery, such as fracture-dislocation fixation, contracture release, arthroplasty and non-operative treatment of elbow injury.

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Akman, Senol. "Osteoid osteoma of the coronoid process causing flexion contracture of the elbow." Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 43, no. 4 (2009): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3944/aott.2009.373.

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Ahmed, HishamTaha, ShawkyShaker Gad, AhmedMohamed Albarrah, and SherifMohamed Elkashty. "Different surgical modalities for management of postburn flexion contracture of the elbow." Menoufia Medical Journal 28, no. 4 (2015): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1110-2098.173603.

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Urbaniak, J. R., P. E. Hansen, S. F. Beissinger, and M. S. Aitken. "Correction of post-traumatic flexion contracture of the elbow by anterior capsulotomy." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 67, no. 8 (1985): 1160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198567080-00003.

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Anghelescu, Aurelian, Florin Bica, Ionut Colibeaseanu, Raluca Poganceanu, and Gelu Onose. "Our experience regarding rehabilitative, orthopedic integrative interdisciplinary approach in patients with disabling neurological posttraumatic sequelae. Case series and some related literature pointing." Balneo Research Journal 10, no. 10.2 (2019): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2019.243.

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Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and / or spinal cord injury (SCI) usually occur in a polytraumatic context, and may produce catastrophic central nervous system (CNS) damages and secondarily extensive dysfunctional biomechanical alterations. This study aims to illustrate the interdisciplinary collaboration between neurorehabilitation and orthopedic clinics in our hospital, focusing on the results of surgical interventions intended to correct the fixed-flexion deformity of knees, in patients with disabling sequelae after CNS severe lesions. Material and methods Between 2005-2018, in the Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Clinic of Teaching Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", 13 young patients (mean age 37.4 +/- 12.6; median 31; limits 26-43) with multiple articular stiffness and joint deposturing sequelae after severe CNS trauma have been transferred from other medical units. Twelve had bilateral knee flexion contractures, two associated additional elbow stiffness, and in three patients ectopic ossifications of the hips, with ankylosis in extension or painful flexion were found. Patients were subsequently transferred for iterative orthopedic interventions: hamstring lengthening (pes anserinus and femoral biceps tendon transpositions) in 12 cases, associated with posterior knee capsulotomy, traction and/or resection of neurogenic heterotopic ossification around the knee or hip joints and casting in 8 of them. All orthopedic interventions were followed by progressive rehabilitation programs. Spasticity was assessed with modified Ashworth scale (mAS). In pre-/ and post orthopedic surgery, all patients were assessed using an adaptation for adults of the Gross Motor Function Classification Scale, Expanded and Revised (GMFCS – E&R). Results Twelve patients had knee joint stiffness and chronic flexion contracture: 77% were severely limited in their walking ability, depending on wheelchair (GMFCS – E&R level IV), respectively 23% were bedridden, non-ambulate and totally dependent in all aspects of care (GMFCS – E&R level V). Knee orthopedic serial interventions were followed by iterative, individualized rehabilitation treatments, and 50% subjects have regain their capacity to walk independently (GMFCS – E&R level II), respectively 50% succeeded to walked with assistive devices (GMFCS – E&R level III). Discussion Both neuro-muscular system deficits and joint disorders can produce locomotor system abnormalities, joint complications and limb dysfunctional problems. These disturbances represent targets and therapeutic objectives for rehabilitation. Chronic knee flexion contracture, stiff elbows and/or hips, periarticular neurogenic heterotopic ossification: all represents major challenges in the complex management of patients with sequelae after CNS severe traumatic events. Posterior capsulotomy addressed to a stiffed, distorted knee joint, corrects the limb axis and expands the range of motion (through the angle gained by the eliminated flexion contracture), and sometimes restores the patient's ability to walk. Serial orthopedic interventions, followed by sustained postoperative rehabilitation, had a decisive influence on obtaining good functional results. Conclusions Comprehensive, multiprofessional approach and collaboration between neurorehabilitation and orthopedic teams are essential for the therapeutic management of patients with severe contractures post neuraxial lesions. Proper evaluation and goal setting are mandatory for rehabilitative management, pre-/ and post orthopedic corrective surgery. Harmonized timing for iterative interventions, followed by postoperative structured, sustained (often for life-time) rehabilitation are essential for obtaining functional results. Adequate prophylaxis of complications represents a main therapeutic objective, as well. Key words: traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), vegetative status, spasticity, contracture, capsulotomy, orthopaedic surgery, neurorehabilitation

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Petrova, Ekaterina V., Olga E. Agranovich, Svetlana I. Trofimova, and Evgeniia A. Kochenova. "Posterior artrolysis of the elbow, as a method of correction extensor contracturing of the elbow in children with arthrogryposis." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 7, no. 3 (2019): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors7325-34.

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Background. In children with arthrogryposis, a lack of elbow flexion with extensor elbow contractures limits the childs self-care. Aim. The aims of this study were to follow and analyze treatment results after posterior arthrolysis of the elbow joint with lengthening (Z-plasty, according to the V-Y technique) or without lengthening the triceps of the shoulder in children with arthrogryposis in different age groups. Materials and methods. Data from 109 patients with arthrogryposis with extensor contractures in the elbow joints (158 joints) who underwent posterior arthrolysis of the elbow joint to increase passive flexion in the elbow joint from 2005 to 2018 were included in this study. Clinical, and X-ray examination of patients was carried out. Results. The children were divided into nine groups depending on their age at the time of the operation and the method of surgical correction (with or without lengthening of the triceps muscle). The follow-up period in the postoperative period in the main group of patients (67.1% of cases) was 4.5 years. Good treatment results were observed in 95.83% of children younger than 3 years who did not lengthen the triceps compared with 85.56% of children of the same age who extended the triceps tendon. The amplitude of passive movements after surgery was greatest in children younger than 1 year and was greater with lengthening (104.00 16.24) than without lengthening (91.38 10.27) of the triceps tendon (p 0.001). However, in cases where lengthening of the triceps tendon was not performed, extension was less limited. Over 3 years, m. triceps br. showed satisfactory results with Z-extension and V-Y extension, increasing to 19.44% and 36.51%, respectively. Results of treatment in children older 7 than years were comparable with those of children 37 years old. Conclusions. In children with arthrogryposis after posterior arthrolysis of the elbow joint, receiving a passive range of motion in the elbow joint allowed the child to use adaptive mechanisms for self-care. The results of treatment with extensor elbow contracture after posterior artrolysis depended not on the elongation technique (V-Y or Z-plasty) but on the angle at which the triceps tendon was sewed, the patients age at the time the operation was performed, and the postsurgery rehabilitation of the child.

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Petkov, Petar, Detelina Nedyalkova-Petkova, Evgeniya Vladeva, Liliya Panayotova-Ovcharova, and Stoyan Ivanov. "THE EFFECTS OF A PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC COMPLEX IN PATIENT WITH POST-TRAUMATIC STIFF ELBOW." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 31, no. 1 (2025): 6013–17. https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2025311.6013.

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Elbow stiffness is a relatively common condition and represents a significant disability. A proper clinical history is essential for therapeutic surgical or non-surgical planning. Purpose: The study aims to investigate the possibility of treating and preventing elbow stiffness. Material and Methods: A 63-year-old woman was diagnosed with a fracture of the distal humerus and a fracture of the olecranon process. The fractures were treated in the prone position and with a dorsal approach to the elbow. The distal humerus was fixed with medial and dorsolateral locking plates, while the olecranon process was fixed with Webber osteosynthesis. After the operation, the woman required postoperative soft immobilisation for about 30 days. A seven-day treatment was conducted using a combination of Multiwave Locked System (MLS) laser therapy and kinesiotherapy techniques. Results: On day 1 /T1, after physical examination, the patient was diagnosed with significantly limited range of motion, pain at the end of motion, and swelling of the elbow. On day 7 /T2/ of the seven-day rehabilitation treatment cycle, we observed significant improvement in elbow contracture, range of flexion, reduced swelling, VAS scores, and Mayo Elbow Performance Index scores. Conclusions: The reported improvement in all the monitored indicators gives us reason to conduct a study on the application of a therapeutic protocol in patients with orthopedic implants of the elbow joint. The challenge in the treatment of postoperative contracture with limitation of movement in the elbow joint requires the inclusion of modern physiotherapeutic methods in its complex treatment.

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Bertrán, J., G. Remolins, P. Fontecha, M. C. Díaz-Bertrana, I. Durall, and J. Franch. "Simultaneous bilateral contracture of the infraspinatus muscle." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 22, no. 03 (2009): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-08-09-0086.

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SummaryA case of bilateral fibrotic contracture of the infraspinatus muscles in a five-year-old Belgian Shepherd dog is described. The dog was presented with progressive forelimb lameness with postural and gait abnormalities three months after an episode of overexertion. When walking, the lower part of both forelimbs swung in a lateral arc causing a circumduction movement and in the standing position, the dog showed elbow adduction with external rotation of the distal part of both front limbs. Orthopaedic examination revealed bilateral atrophy of both infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles and restriction in the range of motion of both shoulders, especially when attempting abduction and flexion. No specific findings were observed in the shoulder or elbow radiographs but hyper-echogenic areas were evident in the ultra-sonographic examination of both infraspinatus muscles. A diagnosis of fibrotic contracture of both infraspinatus muscles was established and bilateral tenectomy of the insertion tendons of the infraspinatus muscles was performed. Complete recovery of the animal was achieved after the surgery, which was confirmed in a long-term follow-up (10 months). In conclusion, physical examination and ultra-sonography allowed a proper diagnosis of the condition, and tenectomy of the infraspinatus muscles resulted in a complete recovery of the patient even with bilateral involvement.

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Salisbury, R. E. "The post-burn elbow medial flexion scar contracture treatment with trapeze-flap plasty." Yearbook of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery 2010 (January 2010): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-1513(09)79332-4.

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Grishkevich, Viktor M. "The post-burn elbow medial flexion scar contracture treatment with trapeze-flap plasty." Burns 35, no. 2 (2009): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2008.06.001.

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Antonescu, Dinu M., Dragos Schiopu, and Ioan Cristian Stoica. "Open arthrolysis versus arthroplasty in the treatment of posttraumatic elbow stiffness." Romanian Journal of Rheumatology 31, no. 4 (2022): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjr.2022.4.6.

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Elbow stiffness is a common problem following trauma to the elbow. Sixty-seven patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness were surgically treated between 1985 - 2000. Sixty-one were clinically reviewed after a mean follow-up of 15 years (range: 7 to 19 years). The initial trauma had resulted in 8 intrinsic, in 31 extrinsic and in 28 mixed lesions. The mean preoperative flexion – extension arc of motion, was 46°. After an unsuccessful conservative treatment, open surgical arthrolysis was performed in 59 patients with exclusively extrinsic or mixed lesions, through a lateral approach combined with a medial approach when deemed necessary. In patients with complex intrinsic lesions was performed 3 resection arthroplasty and 5 total elbow arthroplasty. At final follow-up, the mean arc of motion of the elbow was significantly improved to 100° in 56 patients who had undergone open arthrolysis; 3 were lost to follow-up. Among the 3 patients who had undergone arthroplasty resection, only one had a markedly improved elbow function with a 90° arc of motion; elbow stiffness had recurred in the other two patients. Of the 5 patients who underwent total elbow arthroplasty, 3 were lost to follow-up; the other 2 patients had a stable elbow, with a fair arc of motion of 60° and 70° respectively, both with a flexion contracture of 20°. Complications included 2 superficial infections, which healed following conservative treatment, and one fracture following remodeling of a malunited distal fracture of the humerus. In the treatment of the posttraumatic stiffness of the elbow, the arthrolysis and the arthroplasty are indicated in dependence on the existent (extrinsic or intrinsic) lesions and on their severity.

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Vekris, Marios D., Dimitrios Pafilas, Marios G. Lykissas, Panayiotis N. Soucacos, and Alexandros E. Beris. "Correction of Elbow Flexion Contracture in Late Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy Through Arthrodiatasis of the Elbow (Ioannina Method)." Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery 14, no. 1 (2010): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bth.0b013e3181c848cb.

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Islam, Md Nazrul, Md Rabiul Islam, Tahmina Begum, and Md Moshabbirul Islam. "Surgical Treatment of Neglected Elbow Dislocation by Posterior Approach." Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 9, no. 2 (2023): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v9i2.67854.

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Background: Neglected elbow dislocation often results in contracture and functional impairments. Surgical treatment is challenging because of the accompanying triceps retraction. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to surgical outcomes of treating the neglected dislocations of elbow joint using the posterior approach. Methodology: This was a non-randomized clinical trial over a three years period from January 2017 to December 2019. All the patients who were presented with a neglected elbow dislocation which was older than 21 days were selected as study population. The average follow-up was 18 months with the range 12 to 24 months after surgical procedure. Results: A total number of 10 patients were treated with an average age of 24.6±10.52 years (range 14 to 48 years). The dislocations were 6.6±3.69 months old on average (range 2 to 12months). Average elbow flexion was 46.5±26.04(15º-90º) and the extension deficit was 14.5±19.58(0º-50º) before the surgery. A paratricepital approach was used in all patients. In 7 patients, the dislocation was reduced without triceps lengthening. In 3 patients, a V-Y plasty of the triceps muscle was required. The improvements in the overall range of motion were statistically significant. Average elbow flexion was118±11.35 (100º-130º) and extension deficit was 20.5±15.17. Complications included one case of ulnar nerve paresis, which subsided within two months, and one case of superficial infection. Conclusion: In conclusion the functional improvement in neglected elbow dislocations is outstanding. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, July 2022;9(2):63-68

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MASUKO, TATSUYA, HIROYUKI KATO, AKIO MINAMI, MASAYUKI INOUE, and TAKAKAZU HIRAYAMA. "SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE ELBOW FLEXION CONTRACTURE IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR SYNOSTOSIS." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 86, no. 7 (2004): 1528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200407000-00026.

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Pöyhiä, Tiina H., Mika P. Koivikko, Jari I. Peltonen, Mikko O. Kirjavainen, Antti E. Lamminen, and A. Yrjänä Nietosvaara. "Muscle changes in brachial plexus birth injury with elbow flexion contracture: an MRI study." Pediatric Radiology 37, no. 2 (2006): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-006-0374-0.

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Wang, Enbo, Dennis R. Wenger, Lijun Zhang, Qun Zhao, Shijun Ji, and Jianjun Li. "The Mechanism of Acute Elbow Flexion Contracture in Children With Congenital Proximal Radioulnar Synostosis." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 30, no. 3 (2010): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0b013e3181d48394.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Elbow flexion contracture'

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