Academic literature on the topic 'Elbow fracture'
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Journal articles on the topic "Elbow fracture"
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Shah Kalawar, Rosan Prasad, P. Chaudhary, R. Maharjan, and SF Afaque. "An isolated capitellum fracture of the humerus in adult: A rare case report." Health Renaissance 13, no. 1 (August 6, 2017): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v13i1.17956.
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Introduction: Isolated capitellum fractures are rare and represent only 1% of all elbow fractures and 6% of distal humeral fractures.Case description: A 45-year-old right hand dominant female presented to us with pain and stiffness in her left elbow following a fall onto the outstretched hand that occurred 6 months prior. She had capitellum fracture with avascular changes and excision of the fractured fragment was done. Physiotherapy was initiated with outcome of nearly normal elbow function. At the time of injury, she was unable to move her elbow actively due to pain and she was misdiagnosed as soft tissue injury earlier in a local hospital.Conclusion: Possibility of rare diagnosis such as capitellum fracture should also be kept in mind while treating elbow injuries. Health Renaissance 2015; 13 (1): 112-116
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Tan, Cheryl Marise Peilin, and Bryan De Hao Wang. "POSTEROMEDIAL ELBOW DISLOCATION WITH IPSILATERAL DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURE." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 24, no. 01 (March 2021): 2172003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957721720039.
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Distal radius fractures with concomitant ipsilateral elbow dislocation are a rare injury pattern. Only a few cases of a distal radius fracture with ipsilateral elbow dislocation have been reported. We discuss the case of a 46-year-old gentleman presenting with posteromedial elbow dislocation with an ipsilateral closed extra-articular fracture of the distal radius. Plain radiographs showed a right posterior-medial elbow dislocation and ipsilateral distal radius fracture. CT scans of the elbow showed impaction fractures of the coronoid and trochlea, suggesting a concomitant posteromedial varus elbow dislocation injury. CT scans of the wrist showed the presence of a comminuted, extra-articular distal radius fracture. Surgical fixation of the distal radius was performed, as well as repair of the right elbow lateral capsule-ligamentous complex with suture anchors. Proper recognition of the posteromedial varus instability type injury to the elbow, as in this case is important, should be addressed. If VPMRI is missed, it can lead to ulno-humeral osteoarthritis of the elbow joint.
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Lee, Patrick, Allison Z. Piatek, Michael J. DeRogatis, and Paul S. Issack. "Combined Ipsilateral Humeral Shaft and Galeazzi Fractures Creating a Floating Elbow Variant." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2018 (November 8, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7430297.
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“Floating elbow” injuries of the arm traditionally represent a combination of humeral shaft and forearm fractures which require anatomic rigid open reduction and internal fixation of all fractures to allow for early range of motion exercises of the elbow. There are published variants of the floating elbow injury which include ipsilateral diaphyseal humeral fracture, proximal ulna fracture with proximal radioulnar joint disruption, and ipsilateral diaphyseal humeral fracture with elbow dislocation and both bones forearm fracture. We present the case of a 21-year-old woman whose left arm became caught between the side of a waterslide and adjacent rocks at a park. She sustained a torsional and axial loading injury to her left upper extremity resulting in ipsilateral humeral shaft and Galeazzi fractures. The combination of ipsilateral humeral shaft and Galeazzi fractures resulted in a rare floating elbow variant. Prompt open reduction and internal fixation of both fractures and early range of motion of the elbow and wrist resulted in an excellent clinical and radiographic result. Floating elbow injuries and their variants should be promptly recognized as early anatomic reduction, and rigid internal fixation can allow for good elbow function with minimization of stiffness.
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Sumarwoto, Tito, Seti Aji Hadinoto, Herlambang Pranandaru, Hanif Andhika, Сholahuddin Рhatomy, and Pamudji Utomo. "Short-term Follow-up of Early Reconstructive Surgery Management in Neglected Supracondylar Humeral Fractures." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, B (January 5, 2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5577.
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BACKGROUND: The supracondylar humeral fracture is a fracture located in the proximal position of the trochlea and humeral capitulum. This fracture is the most common elbow fracture in children. Epidemiological research states that these fractures constitute 58% of all elbow fractures in children. It is also mentioned that 10–20% patients undergo belated admission to get therapy. Based on the literature, the fracture is categorized as neglected if the fracture treatment is 14 days post-trauma. Unfortunately, few reports can provide management guidelines. Some experts mention the “wait and see” attitude toward this fracture until a perfect remodeling happens to correct the deformity; however, a number of studies have shown good results after early reconstruction.
AIM: We aimed to evaluate the short-term follow-up of supracondylar humeral fractures that came after 14 days of injury and then open reduction reconstructions were done, followed by the installation of K-wire and screws with the figure of eight patterns based on the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (Q-DASH) 9-score, Flynn’s Criteria, and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS).
METHODS: The samples were five patients who underwent corrective open reduction and injury fixed with Kirschner (K)-wire and screws with the figure of eight patterns using the posterior approach at the Orthopedic Hospital from December 2019 to February 2020. Results were assessed with the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand-9 score (Q-DASH-9 score), Flynn’s Criteria, and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS).
RESULTS: All patients after reconstruction correction showed an increase in range of motion in the fractured elbow. No complications were found from the surgical treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Early reconstruction correction of patients with supracondylar humeral fractures gave satisfactory results based on the Q-DASH-9 Score, Flynn’s Criteria, and MEPS.
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MacDermid, Joy C., Joshua I. Vincent, Leah Kieffer, Ashley Kieffer, Jennifer Demaiter, and Stephanie MacIntosh. "A Survey of Practice Patterns for Rehabilitation Post Elbow Fracture." Open Orthopaedics Journal 6, no. 1 (October 2, 2012): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010429.
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Background and Purpose:Elbow fractures amount to 4.3% of all the fractures. The elbow is prone to stiffness after injury and fractures can often lead to significant functional impairment. Rehabilitation is commonly used to restore range of motion (ROM) and function. Practice patterns in elbow fracture rehabilitation have not been defined. The purpose of this study was to describe current elbow fracture rehabilitation practices; and compare those to the existing evidence base.Methods:Hand therapists (n=315) from the USA (92%) and Canada (8%) completed a web-based survey on their practice patterns and beliefs related to the acute (0-6 weeks) and functional (6-12 weeks) phases of elbow fracture rehabilitation.Results:More than 99% of respondents agreed that fracture severity, co-morbidities, time since fracture, compliance with an exercise program, psychological factors, and occupational demands are important prognostic indicators for optimal function. Strong agreement was found with the use of patient education (95%) and active ROM (86%) in the acute stage while, home exercise programs (99%), active ROM (99%), stretching (97%), strengthening (97%), functional activities (ADLs and routine tasks) (97%), passive ROM (95%), and active assisted ROM (95%) were generally used in the functional stage. The most commonly used impairment measures were goniometry (99%), Jamar dynamometry (97%), and hand held dynamometry (97%). Agreement on the use of patient-reported outcome measures was very minimal (1.3%- 35.6%).Conclusions:Exercise, education, and functional activity have high consensus as components of elbo fracture rehabilitation. Future research should focus on defining the optimal dosage and type of exercise/activity, and establish core measures to monitor outcomes of these interventions.
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Khawar, Haseeb, Simon Craxford, and Benjamin Ollivere. "Radial head fractures." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 81, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2019.0404.
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Radial head fractures are a common fracture involving the elbow joint. Patients typically present after a fall onto an outstretched hand with elbow pain and swelling. Without adequate treatment, this can lead to long-term complications, including loss of elbow motion and pain. Radial head fractures may also be associated with other injuries including elbow dislocation, neighbouring bony fractures and associated ligamentous rupture. It is therefore imperative that hospital clinicians understand the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. The plain radiograph is the optimum method to diagnose a radial head fracture. These fractures can be managed using a variety of techniques, from non-surgical conservative methods for the undisplaced fracture through to surgical fixation, radial head replacement and excision for the more complex, displaced fracture.
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Fernández-Valencia, J. A., E. Muñoz-Mahamud, J. R. Ballesteros, and S. Prat. "Treatment of AO Type C Fractures of the Distal Part of the Humerus through the Bryan-Morrey Triceps-Sparing Approach." ISRN Orthopedics 2013 (March 20, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/525326.
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Several alternative approaches have been described to avoid the complications related to the olecranon osteotomy used to treat distal articular humerus fractures. The published experience with the triceps-sparing approach is scant. In this prospective study, a total of 12 patients with an articular humeral fracture were treated using this approach. At a mean followup of 1,7 years, the average range of motion was 112.8° (range from 85° to 135°); the elbow flexion averaged 125.5° (range from 112° to 135°) and the deficit of elbow extension 14.6° (range from 0° to 30°). All the elbows were stable. The Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) averaged 93.3 (range from 80 to 100). In the present series no failure of the triceps reattachment to the olecranon was found, and all the patients recalled returning to their previous daily life activities without impairment with a satisfactory MEPS. As a conclusion, the triceps-sparing approach can be considered for treating distal articular humerus fractures. We consider that three clinical settings can be more favorable to use this approach: those cases in which a total elbow prosthesis might be needed, cases of ipsilateral diaphyseal fracture, or presence of previous hardware in the olecranon.
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Kelly, John D. "Elbow Fracture Dislocation." Orthopedics 36, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 788–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20130920-09.
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Luchetti, Timothy J., Emily E. Abbott, and Mark E. Baratz. "Elbow Fracture-Dislocations." Hand Clinics 36, no. 4 (November 2020): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hcl.2020.07.011.
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Pudas, T., T. Hurme, K. Mattila, and E. Svedström. "Magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric elbow fractures." Acta Radiologica 46, no. 6 (October 2005): 636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850510021643.
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Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of pediatric elbow trauma with or without a visible fracture on radiography. Material and Methods: MRI was performed in the acute phase in 25 children with an elbow injury. Nine patients with an elbow effusion only on radiographs and 16 with a fracture or luxation seen on radiographs underwent subsequent MRI. No sedation was used. Results: MRI revealed eight occult fractures (89%) in seven out of nine patients who had only an effusion on radiographs. Based on MRI findings, septic arthritis was suspected in one patient. Two patients out of five with a supracondylar fracture on the radiograph had a cartilage lesion in the humerus. MRI depicted a 3-mm gap on the articular surface in two patients with a lateral condyle fracture, a more accurate fracture location in two patients than the radiographs, and an additional occult fracture in two patients. MRI showed a fracture not seen on radiographs in two of three patients with prior luxation. Conclusion: MRI is a sensitive and accurate method in the diagnosis of pediatric elbow injuries, especially when only an effusion is present on radiographs. Occult fractures are more common in pediatric patients with elbow injury than reported earlier.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Elbow fracture"
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Johal, Ovninder. "Feasibility of Pre-Operative Neurovascular Examination in Pediatric Elbow Fractures." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623444.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.A detailed pre‐operative examination of a child’s neurovascular status following pediatric elbow fractures is critical to the assessment of these injuries. Without proper documentation of the preoperative exam, apparent postoperative changes in the neurovascular examination may be difficult to determine, and may dictate different treatment strategies. The reported incidence of neurologic (11.3%) and vascular (0.3‐4.6%) injury associated with supracondylar fractures underscores the importance of the preoperative exam. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine how frequently a complete neurovascular exam could be completed in children with elbow fractures. A detailed, specific elbow fracture History and Physical form was developed for prospective use on all pediatric elbow fractures in a tertiary care pediatric trauma hospital from 2013 through 2014. Specific neurovascular exam criteria were documented in an easily used checklist form. Demographic data collected included age, BMI, mechanism of injury, fracture type, comorbidities, pre‐operative pain management, and the operative procedure performed. There were 163 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Attempted neurovascular (NV) exam was documented in 146 of these patients (89.6%). A clinically reliable, complete NV exam was possible in 104 patients (71.2%). In the remainder of the children, the clinician could not determine at least one aspect of the neurovascular exam. A significant correlation was found between age of the subject and ability to obtain a complete exam, with younger children less than age 5 being more likely to have incomplete information on the NV exam (p<0.000001). Gender, BMI, fracture type, pre‐assessment pain control, and potential language barriers had no effect on whether or not the exam was complete. Although a complete and detailed neurovascular examination is considered necessary when evaluating pediatric elbow fractures, over a fourth of our patients (29%) were unable to reliably participate in a full preoperative neurovascular exam. Younger children (less than 5 years of age) were less likely to participate in a complete neurovascular assessment. Neurovascular examinations in the setting of elbow fractures in children less than five years of age were unreliable and incomplete.
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Duckworth, Andrew David. "Proximal forearm fractures : epidemiology, functional results and predictors of outcome." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23495.
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Proximal forearm fractures account for over 10% of all upper limb fractures. There is limited epidemiological data available and much of the literature focuses on the more complex fracture patterns, with the role of non-operative management for the isolated proximal forearm fracture still to be defined. Prospective short and long-term patient reported outcome data for simple isolated fractures of the radial head and olecranon would help define the indications for the non-operative management of these injuries. This thesis aims to test the hypothesis that non-operative management provides a comparable outcome to operative intervention for defined fractures of the proximal forearm. A large prospective database of 6872 fractures collected over a one-year period was used to define the epidemiology of proximal forearm fractures. A separate large prospective study carried out over an eighteen-month period using a pre-defined management protocol for all isolated radial head and neck fractures was analysed to determine the short and long-term outcome. Additional retrospective databases were collected and analysed to determine the short and long-term outcome for the non-operative and operative management of olecranon fractures, as well as the operative management of complex radial head fractures. Finally, two prospective randomised controlled trials (PRCTs) of isolated displaced fractures of the olecranon were carried out to compare 1) tension band wire (TBW) versus plate fixation in younger patients (< 75 years) and 2) operative versus non-operative management in elderly patients (≥75 years). The primary outcome measure for these studies was the upper limb specific patient reported Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Secondary outcome measures included surgeon reported outcome scores, complication rates and cost. The incidence of proximal forearm fractures was 68 per 100,000. Radial head fractures fit a type D distribution curve (unimodal young man, bimodal woman) and radial neck type A (unimodal young man, unimodal older woman). Proximal ulna and olecranon fractures were both a type F (unimodal older man, unimodal older woman), with an increasing incidence after the 6th decade. Over 90% of proximal radial fractures were isolated stable fractures. Prospective analysis of 201 isolated proximal radius fractures found that the patient and surgeon reported outcome following primary non-operative management for Mason type 1 and type 2 (n=185) fractures was excellent in the short and long-term, with < 2% of patients undergoing secondary surgical intervention. At a mean of 10 years post injury (n=100), the mean DASH score was 5.8 and 92% of patients were satisfied. Factors associated with a poorer short and long-term patient reported outcome included increasing fracture displacement (≥5mm) and socio-economic deprivation. Retrospective analysis of 105 acute unstable complex radial head fractures found that the mean short-term functional outcome was good (mean Broberg and Morrey Score 80) following radial head replacement. In the long-term (mean 7 years), 28% of patients required removal or revision of the prosthesis, with younger patients and silastic implants independent risk factors (both p < 0.05). Retrospective analysis of 36 operatively managed isolated displaced olecranon fractures found satisfactory short and long-term outcomes, with the symptomatic metalwork removal rate 47% and the mean DASH 2.5 at a mean of seven years post injury. In the PRCT of plate (n=34) versus TBW (n=33) fixation, comparable functional and patient reported outcomes (DASH 8.5 vs 13.5; p=0.252) were found at one year following injury. Complication rates were significantly higher in the TBW group (63.3% vs 37.5%; p=0.042), predominantly due to a significantly higher rate of symptomatic metalwork removal (50.0% vs 21.9%; p=0.021), resulting in equivocal costs for both techniques (p=0.131). In older lower-demand patients, short and long-term retrospective analysis found very satisfactory outcomes following non-operative management of isolated displaced fractures of the olecranon, with patient satisfaction 91% and no patients requiring surgery for a symptomatic non-union. The preliminary results of the PRCT of non-operative (n=8) versus operative (n=11) management demonstrated comparable functional and patient reported outcomes at all points over the one-year following injury (all p≥0.05), with a higher rate of complications (81.8% vs 14.3%; p=0.013) and cost (p=0.01) following surgical intervention. The association found between fragility and the epidemiology of proximal forearm fractures highlighted the importance of considering non-operative management for these injuries. These findings support non-operative management for isolated stable radial head and neck fractures. For more complex injuries when radial head replacement is indicated, there is a high rate of removal or revision, with younger patients most at risk. In younger active patients with an isolated displaced fracture of the olecranon, TBW and plate fixation provide comparable short-term results, with TBW fixation as cost effective despite an increased rate of metalwork removal. In older lower demand patients, this data provides strong evidence for the non-operative management of isolated displaced olecranon fractures.
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Jayakumar, Prakash. "Patient reported outcome (PRO) measurement of disability in orthopaedic trauma to the upper extremity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4f39d510-c902-4112-8806-4eefb9bf25d3.
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Patient reported outcome (PRO) measurement of disability is integral to a patient-centered approach to health care and gauging the biopsychosocial impact of health conditions from the patient's perspective. This thesis investigates disability after proximal humerus, elbow and distal radius fractures; conditions that constitute a major burden in musculoskeletal health care and a substantial impact on health-related quality of life (HrQoL). Disability is defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) International Classification of Disability, Functioning and Health (ICF) as âa multi-dimensional construct involving a dynamic interaction between impairment, activity limitations and participation restrictions, that are influenced by contextual factors'. This international, consensus-based framework acts as a guide for the application of outcome measures in performing scientific research. The WHO ICF also considers other patient perspectives on health and health care systems, including patient experience and patient activation within the contextual factors component. Patient experience encompasses aspects such as satisfaction, expectation management and confidence with care, and is measured using a variety of scales and questionnaires. Patient activation relates to 'the knowledge, skills and confidence a person has in managing their own health and health care'. This concept is quantified using patient activation measures (PAMs). The overarching goal of this thesis is to identify the most influential factors predicting disability after proximal humerus, elbow and distal radius fractures. This work also aimed to define the relationship between disability, experience and activation to inform the development of a patient-centred approach to managing these challenging injuries. The first systematic review highlights the dominance of psychosocial factors in influencing disability associated with a range of upper extremity conditions. Few studies have assessed this relationship in specific trauma populations. The second review underlines the paucity of upper extremity PRO measures incorporating fracture populations in their original development. It also reports the highly variable quality of initial studies introducing these measures. The final review demonstrates the superior measurement properties of computer adaptive tests (CATs), a contemporary form of PRO measurement, over fixed-scale instruments. Few studies apply CATs in trauma and few have been performed outside the U.S. These reviews collectively informed the selection of PRO measures for the experimental studies in this thesis. Firstly, a pilot study establishes a methodology for addressing the key objectives and the feasibility of using a web-based platform for measuring patient outcomes. Strong correlation between PROMIS Physical function CAT, a computer adaptive measure of physical function, and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), a region-specific, fixed scale is observed. The core experiment (n=734) expands upon this work and demonstrates correlations between a range of generic and region-specific measures in an upper extremity trauma population. Disability is shown to correlate with satisfaction, and the strength of this correlation increases over time. Applying PRO measures of disability in populations with shoulder, elbow and wrist fractures show that self-efficacy (i.e. coping ability) within 6 weeks of injury was the strongest predictor of medium-term disability at 6-9 months. In proximal humerus and elbow fractures, kinesiophobia (i.e. fear of movement) within a week of injury was also a strong predictor of disability. The final study concludes that greater patient activation is associated with greater health-related and experiential outcomes. However, psychosocial factors including self-efficacy, superseded activation in predicting disability and satisfaction. This thesis contributes evidence for musculoskeletal health care professionals (HCPs) to consider specific psychosocial factors, such as coping abilities, and patient activation early in the recovery process to improve disability following these injuries.
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Feder, Katrin. "Katamnestische Untersuchungen zur suprakondylären und y-kondylären Humerusfraktur im Kindesalter." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15252.
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Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der suprakondylären und y-kondylären Humerusfraktur im Kindesalter. Die suprakondyläre Humerusfraktur ist die häufigste Ellenbogenfraktur beim Kind, die y-kondyläre Fraktur ist der suprakondylären ähnlich, tritt aber nur selten auf. Es wurden 172 suprakondyläre und 6 y-kondyläre Humerusfrakturen retrospektiv untersucht. Dazu wurden die Daten von 55 ambulant und 123 stationär behandelten Kindern bezüglich Unfallursache, Therapie und Komplikationen ausgewertet. Die Röntgenbilder der stationären Patienten wurden nachbefundet. 32,5% der stationär behandelten Kinder konnten nachuntersucht werden. Die häufigste Unfallursache war ein Sturz aus der Höhe. Im Patientengut waren Frakturen nach Baumann Klassifikation I, II und III zu ähnlichen Teilen vorhanden. Häufigste Behandlungsverfahren waren, ggf. nach geschlossener Reposition, Ruhigstellung in Gipslonguetten oder Blountscher Schlinge, und geschlossene oder offene Reposition und anschließende Fixation mittels Kirschner Drähten. Die häufigsten Komplikationen waren primäre und sekundäre Nervenstörungen, Abweichung der Ellenbogenachse oder Bewegungseinschränkung nach Therapie. 68,5% der nachuntersuchten Patienten hatten ein exzellentes oder gutes Behandlungsergebnis. Die Analyse der Ergebnisse und deren Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen anderer Autoren zeigen Folgendes: Nicht dislozierte Extensionsfrakturen sollten in der Blountschen Schlinge ruhiggestellt werden. Dislozierte Frakturen müssen exakt und schonend, möglichst geschlossen, reponiert werden. Gekreuzte Kirschner Drähte bieten gute Stabilität. Primäre und sekundäre Nervenstörungen haben eine gute Prognose. Radiologische Hilfsmittel wie Baumannwinkel, Rotationsfehlerquotient und Epiphysenachsenwinkel geben nur eine Orientierung bei der Vermeidung von Abweichungen der Ellenbogenachse oder Bewegungseinschränkungen. Y-kondyläre Frakturen mit nur geringer Dislokation der Kondylenfragmente können primär wie suprakondyläre Frakturen behandelt werden.This paper deals with supracondylar and y-condylar humerus fractures in childhood. The supracondylar humerus fracture is the most frequent elbow fracture in children, the y-condylar fracture is similar to the supracondylar one, but occurs only rarely. 172 supracondylar and 6 y-condylar humerus fractures have been analysed retrospectively. For that purpose data of 55 outpatients and 123 in-house treated children have been analysed with regard to the cause of accident, therapy and complications. The radiographs of the in-patients have been revaluated. 32.5% of the in-patients have been seen for follow-up. Most frequent cause of accident was a fall from a height. Within the group of patients, fractures that were classified to Baumann I, II and III occurred to equal rates. The treatments which were used mostly are immobilization in plaster casts or Blount´s loop, after closed reduction if necessary, and closed or open reduction followed by fixation by Kirschner wires. The most frequent complications were primary and secondary nerval disorders, deviation of the axis of the elbow or limitation of elbow function after therapy. 68.5% of the follow-up patients had an excellent or good outcome. The analysis of the results including their comparison to the results of other authors have led to the following conclusion: Nondisplaced extension fractures should be immobilized by Blount`s method. Displaced fractures have to be reduced accurately and sparing, if possible by closed reduction. Crossed Kirschner wires provide a good stability. Primary and secondary nerval disorders have got a good prognosis. Radiological tools like angle of Baumann, rotation error quotient and angle of epiphyseal axis only provide an orientation in avoiding deviation of elbow axis or limitation of elbow function. Y-condylar fractures with only slight dislocation of the condylar fragments can primary be treated like supracondylar fractures.
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Mackenzie, Samuel Peter. "Bioabsorbable implants in paediatric supracondylar fractures of the elbow." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28963.
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Background. Operative stabilisation of paediatric supracondylar elbow fractures is most commonly achieved through the use of percutaneous Kirschner wires. These implants are inert, cheap and simple to use. However, the requirement for removal and the possibility of pin site infection provides opportunity for the development of new techniques that eliminate these drawbacks. Bioabsorbable pins that remain in situ and allow definitive closure of skin at the time of surgery could provide such advantages. However, their ability to maintain fracture reduction and their effect on the growth plate has not been adequately evaluated. Hypotheses. The Acumed® Biotrak Helical Nail (a bioabsorbable fixation implant) has comparable strength to Kirschner wires and does not result in significant disruption of the growth plate or subsequent growth. Studies. Three complementary studies were performed. (1) A retrospective cohort analysis was performed to establish the prevalence of complications related to Kirschner wire fixation of paediatric supracondylar elbow fractures. (2) A saw-bone model was designed to compare the mechanical performance of the Helical Nail and Kirschner wires. (3) An ovine model was designed to assess the in vivo effects of the Helical Nail on limb growth and physeal morphology. The surgical practicalities of the device and its potential for use in the paediatric setting were evaluated. The primary outcome was femoral length six months after Helical Nail insertion. Micro-CT evaluation of growth plate thickness, percentage disruption and bony infiltration was undertaken – the first time this technique has been used in a large animal study. Traditional histopathological techniques complimented the Micro-CT analysis and offered comment on the microscopic appearance of the growth plate immediately adjacent to the bioabsorbable nails. Results. The infection rate within a large tertiary referral centre was 9.6%, which was marginally higher than previous cohort studies. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the Helical Nail had comparable strength in rotation, but inferior resistance to posterior translation, when compared to Kirschner wires. In the ovine model, the Helical Nail disrupted 3.4% of the physis. The nails had no effect on femoral growth during the six month study period. Micro-CT analysis of both the helical nail and Kirschner wire groups demonstrated multiple bony bridges, with two cases of physeal tethering in the Helical Nail group. There was no difference in physeal thickness or bony infiltration of the physis. Histopathology did not reveal any significant inflammatory or foreign body reaction adjacent to the nails. Conclusion. The Helical Nail demonstrated a number of encouraging attributes which indicate its potential. However, in its current state the device is not suitable for use in the stabilisation of paediatric supracondylar elbow fractures.
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Kraynov, Liliya. "Variability in the Interpretation of Elbow Fractures in Children." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603633.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Background and Significance The first physician to encounter a child with an elbow fracture is usually the emergency medicine (EM) physician. Many hospitals may not have access to immediate orthopedic consultation or “real-time” radiology reads, therefore, EM physicians have a great responsibility for an accurate diagnosis. Unfortunately, many EM physicians have little training in pediatric orthopedic injuries. The elbow's anatomy and radiographic features of the growing elbow increase the difficulty in determining an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. Inaccurate interpretation of elbow fractures in children may lead to unnecessary or improper medical decisions. Accurate interpretation is especially important in rural settings where patients may need transportation to facilities with higher levels of care. Research Question This study aims to survey EM physicians and determine if certain elbow fractures are diagnosed inaccurately more frequently and if some physician characteristics share a relationship with the accuracy of diagnosis of pediatric fractures. The characteristics include area of specialization, annual ED volume, years of experience post residency training, and working in an academic versus non-academic department. Different types of fractures, including type 1 supracondylar, type 2 supracondylar, type 3 supracondylar, medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle, and olecranon along with uninjured elbows were evaluated to determine if a particular type was misdiagnosed more frequently. Methods A 16-question multiple-choice paper survey was distributed to physicians working in academic and non-academic centers within adult or pediatric emergency departments. Questions included radiographs and asked the physician to determine which fracture existed, if any.Results Lateral epicondyle fractures were the most likely fractures to be misdiagnosed (22.12%), while type 3 supracondylar fractures were the most likely to be accurately diagnosed (95.5%). There was no significant difference in accuracy of diagnosis based on physicians working either in an academic department, non-academic department, or both. Those physicians who were board certified or board eligible in two or more specialties had a higher mean percent correct, as well as those who worked in pediatric emergency medicine. Conclusions While this study served to start clarifying the most frequently misdiagnosed pediatric fractures and whether physicians with particular characteristics were more likely to diagnose fractures accurately, further steady is necessary to draw a definitive conclusion. This study does shed light on which pediatric elbow fractures physicians misdiagnose more frequently. It is important for all emergency medicine physicians to keep in mind the types of fractures that are most commonly misdiagnosed as it can affect medical decision-making. This is an area where additional education about elbow fractures in the developing pediatric elbow may be needed.
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Salvador, Carreño Jordi. "Abordatge posterior de colze sense osteotomia d’olècranon (abordatge de Newcastle) pel tractament de les fractures de l’húmer distal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670816.
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L’abordatge de Newcastle, eficaç per la implantació d’una artroplàstia, es útil pel tractament de les fractures articulars de l’húmer distal amb reducció oberta i fixació interna (ROFI).
L’avantatge de poder abordar un fractura articular d’húmer distal per aquesta via es que permet canviar la indicació d’osteosíntesi a artroplàstia intraoperatòriament ja que l’aparell extensor es conserva (a diferencia de la osteotomia d’olècranon) cosa que dificultaria/impossibilitaria la implantació protèsica.El abordaje de Newcastle, eficaz para la implantación de una artroplastia, es útil para el tratamiento de las fracturas articulares del húmero distal con reducción abierta y fijación interna (RAFI). La ventaja de poder abordar una fractura articular de húmero distal por esta vía es que permite cambiar la indicación de osteosíntesis a artroplastia intraoperatoriamente ya que el aparato extensor se conserva (a diferencia de la osteotomía de olécranon) cosa que dificultaría/imposibilitaría la implantación protésica.
The Newcastle approach, effective for implantation of an arthroplasty, is useful for the treatment of articular fractures of the distal humerus with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The advantage of being able to approach a fracture of the distal humerus by this approach is that it allows changing the indication from osteosynthesis to arthroplasty intraoperatively since the extensor apparatus is preserved (unlike the olecranon osteotomy), something that would make prosthetic implantation difficult or impossible.
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Couture, Anne. "Fracture partielle de la tête radiale : développement et validation d’un outil radiologique et impact sur la fonction du coude." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20479.
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Sandman, Emilie. "Subluxation de la tête radiale suite au malalignement du cubitus proximal : une étude biomécanique." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11251.
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Le cubitus proximal détient une courbe sagittale unique pour chaque individu, nommée « Proximal Ulna Dorsal Angulation (PUDA) ». Une reconstruction non-anatomique du cubitus proximal, suite à une fracture complexe peut engendrer une malunion, de l’arthrose et de l’instabilité. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la magnitude de malalignement au niveau de l’angulation proximale dorsale du cubitus qui causerait un malalignement radio-capitellaire, avec et sans un ligament annulaire intact. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, une étude biomécanique fut conduite sur six spécimens frais congelés avec un simulateur de mouvement du coude. Des fractures simulées au niveau du PUDA, furent stabilisées avec une fixation interne dans cinq configurations différentes. Des images fluoroscopiques furent prises dans différentes positions du coude et de l’avant-bras, avec le ligament annulaire intact, puis relâché. Le déplacement de la tête radiale fut quantifié avec le ratio radio-capitellaire. Une interaction significative fut découverte entre les positions du coude, les angles de malalignement et l’intégrité du ligament annulaire. La subluxation de la tête radiale fut accentuée lors de la déchirure du ligament annulaire. Une augmentation de la subluxation antérieure de la tête radiale fut observée lorsque le malalignement était fixé en extension et lors de mouvements de flexion progressive du coude. D’autre part, un malalignement en flexion et une extension graduelle du coude occasionnait une subluxation postérieure. En conclusion, les résultats ont démontré l’importance d’une reconstruction anatomique du cubitus proximal, car un malalignement de 5 degrés engendre une subluxation de la tête radiale, surtout lors d’une déchirure du ligament annulaire.It has been shown that the proximal ulna has a sagittal bow, named the Proximal Ulna Dorsal Angulation (PUDA), unique for each individual. Non-anatomic reconstruction of the proximal ulna following a complex injury may lead to malunion, arthrosis and instability, hence the importance of understanding its initial anatomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of angular malalignement at the proximal ulna dorsal angulation that would lead to radiocapitellar malalignement, with and without an intact annular ligament. In order to achieve our goal, a biomechanical study was conducted on six fresh frozen specimens, with an elbow movement simulator. Simulated fractures at the PUDA were stabilized with internal fixation at five different angles. Then, fluoroscopic images were taken in different elbow and forearm positions, first with the annular ligament intact and then released. Radial head displacement was quantified with the Radio-Capitellar-Ratio (RCR). Overall, a significant interaction was found between elbow positions, angles of malalignement and annular ligament integrity. Radial head subluxation was emphasized when the annular ligament was ruptured. Moreover, anterior subluxation of the radial head increased as malalignement was fixed into extension and with progressive elbow flexion. Furthermore, posterior subluxation increased with malalignement into flexion and with elbow extension. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the importance of obtaining an anatomic reconstruction, specific for each individual’s unique proximal ulna dorsal angulation, following a proximal ulna fracture. Indeed, malalignment of 5 degrees can lead to abnormal tracking of the radial head, especially when associated with annular ligament tear.
Books on the topic "Elbow fracture"
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Abzug, Joshua M., Martin J. Herman, and Scott Kozin, eds. Pediatric Elbow Fractures. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68004-0.
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Tejwani, Nirmal C., ed. Fractures of the Elbow. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22857-6.
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Chell, J. Fractures about the elbow in children. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.014005.
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♦ Fractures around the elbow are a common occurrence in childhood♦ Closed fracture reduction is best supplemented with percutaneous wires♦ Damage to nerves and vessels (less common) are associated with these fractures♦ The index of suspicion for compartment syndrome should always be high♦ The transcondylar fracture has a high association with non-accidental injury.
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Ao Manual of Fracture Management - Elbow and Forearm. Thieme Medical Publishers, Incorporated, 2009.
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AO Publishing, ,., and Jesse B. Jupiter. AO Manual of Fracture Management - Elbow &Forearm. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-006-160987.
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Böstman, O. M. Absorbable implants for fracture fixation. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.012016.
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♦ Use of absorbable fracture fixation devices eliminates hardware removal procedures♦ Of the macromolecular biodegradable compounds, suited for the manufacturing of these implants, polylactide is the most widely used♦ Small-fragment intra-articular fractures, especially at the elbow and at the ankle, are the most rewarding clinical applications♦ Absorbable implants can be inserted through articular surfaces and, in children, also transphyseally♦ Mechanical failures of the implants and redisplacements of fractures are rare, but local, transient inflammatory foreign-body reactions occurr♦ In certain intra-articular applications the absorbable fixation devices are superior to metallic ones.
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Alan, Barber F., and Fischer Scott P, eds. Surgical techniques for the shoulder and elbow. New York: Thieme, 2003.
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Griffiths, Richard, and Ralph Leighton. Orthopaedic surgery. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719410.003.0018.
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This chapter discusses the anaesthetic management of orthopaedic surgery. It begins with general principles of the anaesthetic management of orthopaedic surgical patients, including the management of fat embolism syndrome, bone cement implantation syndrome, compartment syndrome, and the use of tourniquets. Surgical procedures covered include total hip joint replacement (including revision total hip joint replacement), femoral neck fracture surgery, total knee joint replacement, arthroscopy, cruciate ligament repair, ankle surgery, foot surgery, spinal surgery (including the cervical spine), shoulder surgery (including total shoulder joint replacement), elbow replacement surgery, hand surgery, and trauma, including fractures of limbs or spine.
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Griffiths, Richard, and Ralph Leighton. Orthopaedic surgery. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198719410.003.0018_update_001.
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This chapter discusses the anaesthetic management of orthopaedic surgery. It begins with general principles of the anaesthetic management of orthopaedic surgical patients, including the management of fat embolism syndrome, bone cement implantation syndrome, compartment syndrome, and the use of tourniquets. Surgical procedures covered include total hip joint replacement (including revision total hip joint replacement), femoral neck fracture surgery, total knee joint replacement, arthroscopy, cruciate ligament repair, ankle surgery, foot surgery, spinal surgery (including the cervical spine), shoulder surgery (including total shoulder joint replacement), elbow replacement surgery, hand surgery, and trauma, including fractures of limbs or spine.
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Williams, John R., and Brian J. Holdsworth. Elbow fractures and dislocations. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.012034.
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♦ These are very complex fractures to treat; the elbow is intolerant of immobilization in the adult♦ Posterior approach best for complex fractures♦ AO classification widely used♦ Most intra-articular fractures best internally fixed♦ Most distal humeral fractures require two plates.
Book chapters on the topic "Elbow fracture"
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Cui, Jianling, and Yingze Zhang. "Elbow Fracture." In Differential Diagnosis of Fracture, 63–153. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8339-7_3.
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Corrigan, Chad M., Clay A. Spitler, and Basem Attum. "Elbow Fracture Dislocation." In Orthopedic Traumatology, 127–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73392-0_10.
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Makhni, Melvin C., Eric C. Makhni, Eric F. Swart, and Charles S. Day. "Elbow Capitellar Fracture." In Orthopedic Emergencies, 173–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31524-9_40.
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Eckert, Kolja. "Screening for Elbow Fractures." In Fracture Sonography, 39–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63839-9_7.
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Capito, Nicholas M., E. Scott Paxton, and Andrew Green. "Transolecranon Fracture-Dislocations." In The Unstable Elbow, 99–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46019-2_8.
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Wong, Justin C., Joseph A. Abboud, and Charles L. Getz. "Posterior Monteggia Fracture-Dislocations." In The Unstable Elbow, 85–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46019-2_7.
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Celli, Andrea, and Susanna Stignani Kantar. "Radial Head Fracture: Synthesis or Prosthetic Replacement." In The Elbow, 165–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27805-6_13.
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Marinelli, Alessandro, Enrico Guerra, Graziano Bettelli, and Susanna Stignani Kantar. "Capitellar and Trochlear Fracture: Treatment and Rehabilitation." In The Elbow, 199–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27805-6_15.
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Pennig, D., and T. Gausepohl. "Fractures, Fracture Dislocations and Stiffness of the Elbow: the Elbow Fixator." In Orthofix External Fixation in Trauma and Orthopaedics, 127–44. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0691-3_14.
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Shen, W. Y., and J. C. Y. Cheng. "Problems in Elbow Fractures." In Current Practice of Fracture Treatment, 327–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78603-7_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Elbow fracture"
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Wang, Yian, Guoshan Xie, Libin Song, Meng He, Fakun Zhuang, and Xiaopeng Li. "Fracture Failure Analysis of 304 Stainless Steel Elbow." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84171.
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A cracking incident of a 304 stainless steel elbow serving in the synthesis gas purification device occurred during running. In order to get an understanding of the failure mechanism, a failure analysis was performed on the cracked elbow in this paper. The chemical composition, mechanical properties of strength, toughness and hardness, hydrogen content were identified and determined. The metallographical structure was observed and analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), while the fracture morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the chemical composition of the cracked elbow meet the requirements for China standard, while comparing with GB/T 14976-2012 standards, the strength and elongation of the leaked elbow are higher and lower respectively, and the hardness of the leaked elbow was higher than quality certificate documents that of HB ⩽ 187. Large quantities of martensite and δ-ferrite were observed in elbow, which indicated that the elbow was not well solid solution heat treated required by specification (1050°C,30min). The fracture morphology presents typical brittle fracture. The hydrogen content of cracked elbow was significant higher than that of other 304 stainless steel elbow serving in the environment without hydrogen. It is acknowledged that martensite showed higher sensitivity of hydrogen embrittlement compared with austenite. Furthermore, the operating temperature of cracked elbow was in the range of high hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity. Depending on the metallographical structure, strength, service environment, hydrogen content and fracture morphology, it can be concluded that hydrogen induced delayed cracking was the dominant mechanism of the failure.
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Kalyanam, S., G. Wilkowski, F. W. Brust, Y. Hioe, and E. Punch. "Role of Constraint in Specimen Geometries When Evaluating Fracture Toughness/Material Fracture Resistance for a Surface-Flawed Elbow." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93732.
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Abstract The fracture behavior of a circumferential surface crack in an elbow was evaluated using past data from the International Piping Integrity Research Group (IPIRG-2) Experiment 2-4. The elbow tested was nominal 16-inch diameter Schedule 100 TP304 material, which was solution-annealed after final fabrication. The elbow was loaded with an in-plane-closing bending moment and internal pressure of 15.51 MPa (2,250 psig) at 288 C (550 F). The surface crack was 180-degrees on the ID surface and centered on the extrados, but after fatigue precracking the depth was variable and the greatest was at about 45-degrees from the extrados. FE analysis of the IPIRG-2 elbow test was conducted with a state-of-the-art and precise 3D FE mesh (including variable surface crack depth, variable thickness, and initial elbow ovalization). The flaw depth for the single-edge notch tension (SENT) tests was selected to be equivalent to the deepest point in the elbow specimen crack front that provided the largest J-value in the elbow experiment, i.e., ao/W = 0.68. Comparison of the J-value for initiation (Ji) and crack-tip-opening displacement (CTODi) at crack initiation suggested that there was a slight difference in constraint between an identical depth SENT specimen (a/W = 0.68 with the same L-R orientation as the surface crack in the pipe) and an elbow with a circumferential surface crack (a/t = 0.68) [Ji was 0.368 MN/m, (2.1 ksi-inch) in the SENT tests, while it was 0.490 MN-m (2.8 ksi-inch) in the elbow test]. The more significant finding in this work was that the compact tension (C(T)) test Ji-value was much higher at 1.086 MN/m (6.2 ksi-inch) or ∼3 times higher. The elbow to SENT to C(T) specimen comparison illustrates very large differences in constraint between these geometries. From past work by several researchers it was determined that the constraint in C(T) specimens gives Ji-values that agree well with a circumferential through-wall crack in a straight pipe, but this difference with surface-cracked elbow or pipe is envisaged to be new information to the international research community. Additionally, from state-of-the-art FE analysis of the 180-degree surface-cracked elbow test it was found that the maximum J-value occurs at a position that was about 45-degree away from the extrados location. This trend showed that caution should be exercised when selecting the crack locations for elbow integrity evaluation, since for shorter flaw lengths it may be more critical to consider a crack that is closer to the 45-degrees from the extrados, which could be true for fracture as well as stress corrosion cracking (SCC) elbow evaluations.
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Joglekar, Manish M., S. G. Joshi, and B. K. Dutta. "Fracture Mechanics Study of Cracked Pipe Bends Under Internal Pressure and Bending Moments." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95263.
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The present work attempts to investigate some aspects of the fracture behavior of cracked pipe bends under the action of in-plane bending moments, with and without internal pressure. The results of the elastic-plastic FE analysis of the defect free elbow under the action of in-plane opening and closing bending moments are presented with the emphasis on the hoop and axial stress distribution at various salient locations in the elbow. A severity matrix is outlined subsequently, correlating the various possible cracked configurations and the loading patterns. Parametric studies on the cracked elbows are carried out, in which the parameters, such as ratio of crack depth to elbow thickness (a/t), angle of the part-through wall crack, bend factor ‘h’ and the internal pressure ‘P’ are varied. The variations of the J-integral versus load and load versus load line displacement are presented. The crack initiation load is determined from the material specific critical value of the J-integral. A non-dimensional parameter is suggested as ratio of plastic collapse load to the crack initiation load, which increases with the increase in the internal pressure both in case of the throughwall flawed elbow as well as in the part-throughwall flawed elbow.
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Shibutani, Tadahiro, Izumi Nakamura, and Akihito Otani. "Failure Analysis of Piping Systems With Thinned Elbows on Tri-Axial Shake Table Tests." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57580.
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This paper presents a computational failure analysis of piping systems with and without thinned elbows on tri-axial shake table tests. In a previous experimental study, two piping models, a sound piping system and a degraded piping system with thinned elbows, were assessed. The sound piping system was found to failed at the elbow flank due to in-plane cyclic bending, whereas the degraded system failed at the end of the elbow due to excessive pipe ovalization. In the present study, finite element (FE) models of elbows were developed in order to carry out fracture analysis. The measured displacements of seismic motions were used as the boundary conditions for FE models. In the sound piping system, plastic strain concentrated at the flank of the elbow due to in-plane bending. The cumulative damage factor was calculated from the fatigue curve and Miner’s rule. The effect of ratcheting was also considered. In the failed elbow, the calculated cumulative damage factor showed good agreement with experimental results. On the other hand, for the fracture analysis of the thinned elbow, the entire seismic loading history on the tri-axial shake table was considered, since the effect of pipe ovalization depends on loading history. The ovalization occurred at the elbow due to cumulative seismic loading. Consequently, the principal plastic strain began to concentrate at the end of the elbow. These FE results offer quantitative explanation for the observed failure modes in the degraded piping system.
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Jang, Youn-Young, Nam-Su Huh, Jae-Uk Jeong, Ki-Seok Kim, and Woo-Yeon Cho. "Stress Intensity Factor and Elastic COD for Circumferential Through-Wall Cracks in the Interface Between an Elbow and a Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45517.
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Leak-Before-Break (LBB) is one of important approaches applied to nuclear piping design. In the LBB assessment, it is important to evaluate crack instability and to predict leak rate based on a fracture mechanics concept, in which an idealized straight pipes with through-wall cracks (TWCs) are generally considered in the typical LBB analysis. On the other hand, in nuclear piping system, elbows are often connected with straight pipes by welding, in which cracks could occur as well known. Hence, accurate assessment needs to be performed for cracks in weldments joining an elbow and attached straight pipe. In the previous study, it has been revealed that crack instability of a TWC in the interface between an elbow and a straight pipe under bending moment could be different with that of a straight pipe with a TWC depending on a change of pipe thickness, radius of curvature and crack length. Especially, elbows attached to a pipe were more severe than straight pipes for relatively shorter crack length. Thus, a need of engineering solutions for cracks in the interface between an elbow and a pipe is raised for accurate LBB analysis on nuclear piping system. In this present study, stress intensity factor (SIF) and crack opening displacement (COD) are estimated via detailed 3-dimensional finite element (FE) elastic analyses for circumferential TWCs in the interface between an elbow and a straight pipe subjected to internal pressure. The geometric variables (pipe thickness, radius of curvature and crack length) affecting SIFs and CODs were systematically considered in order to cover actual ranges of geometric variables. Also, the effect of elbow on elastic fracture parameters was investigated by comparing the present results with the results from the previous straight pipe solution. Moreover, based on the present FE results, the shape factors (F, V) used for calculating SIFs and CODs are proposed for circumferential TWCs in the interface between an elbow and a pipe. The present results can be used to perform the accurate LBB assessment for nuclear piping system including elbows welded to a straight pipe.
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Chattopadhyay, J., B. K. Dutta, and H. S. Kushwaha. "Load Bearing Capacity of Through Wall Cracked Elbows: Comparison of Test Results With Calculation." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2586.
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Integrity assessment of piping components with postulated cracks is very important for safe and reliable operation of power plants. Pipe bends or elbows are one of the very important piping components in any power plant. The existing equations of limit load of elbows have various shortcomings. Additionally, the test data on elbows are not so abundant in the literature. Against this backdrop, a comprehensive experimental and analytical program has been undertaken at Reactor Safety Division (RSD) of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) to carry out fracture tests on through wall cracked elbows and also to propose new limit load formulas of through wall cracked elbow. The present paper describes the elbow test specimens, test set-up, test results, brief description of elastic-plastic finite element analysis, newly proposed collapse moment equations for through wall circumferentially cracked elbows and the comparison of test results with theoretical predictions.
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Chattopadhyay, J., A. K. S. Tomar, B. K. Dutta, and H. S. Kushwaha. "J and COD Estimation for Throughwall Circumferentially Cracked Elbow Under Closing Moment: Analytical Scheme and Experimental Validation." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71212.
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Leak-before-break (LBB) assessment of primary heat transport piping of nuclear reactors involves detailed fracture assessment of pipes and elbows with postulated throughwall cracks. Fracture assessment requires the calculation of elastic-plastic J-integral and crack opening displacement (COD) for these piping components. Analytical estimation schemes to evaluate elastic-plastic J-integral and COD simplify the calculations. These types of estimation schemes are available for pipes with various crack configurations subjected to different types of loading. However, no such schemes are available for throughwall circumferentially cracked elbow (or pipe bend), an important component for LBB analysis. In this paper, simple J and COD estimation schemes are proposed for throughwall circumferentially cracked elbow subjected to closing bending moment. The ovalisation of elbow cross section has a significant bearing on its fracture behavior. Therefore, unlike conventional deformation theory plasticity analysis, incremental flow theory is adopted considering both material and geometric non-linearities in the development of the proposed estimation schemes. Although it violates Ilyushin’s theorem, it has been shown that the resulting estimation schemes is still reasonably accurate for engineering purposes. Finally, experimental/numerical validation has been provided by comparing the J-integral and COD between numerical/test data and predictions of the proposed estimation schemes.
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Liu, Wei-Ju, Bor-Jiun Tsai, Jien-Jong Chen, Yan-Shiun Du, and Wei-Sheng Liu. "Finite Element Analysis for J-Integral of Axial Through-Wall Cracked Elbow Under Bending Moment." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57178.
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Leak-before-break (LBB) assessment of nuclear piping involves ductile fracture analysis of pipes or elbows with postulated through-wall cracks. Due to the fact that the crown part of an elbow is one of the positions that crack initiation occurs in most frequently, the calculation of J-integrals to investigate fracture behavior are important research topics. This paper proposes a 3-D finite element model of an elbow embedded with an axial through-wall crack to estimate the J-integral parameters under bending moment. The J-integral values can be calculated by using ABAQUS and taking into account the effects of geometrical and model of material in non-linear analysis. The results show that the non-linear deformation and contact condition of crack surfaces play important roles for the J-integral values. In addition, the J values estimated by the proposed model are more conservative and realistic than previous studies.
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Gintalas, Marius, and Robert A. Ainsworth. "Constraint Based Assessments of Large-Scale Cracked Straight Pipes and Elbows." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45948.
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The paper presents T-stress solutions developed to characterize constraint levels in large-scale cracked pipes and elbows. Stress intensity factor, KI, solutions for pipes and elbows are normalised by material fracture toughness to define the Kr parameter in fitness-for-service procedures, such as R6. Adding knowledge on levels of T-stress allows more advanced analysis through a normalised constraint parameter βT. The paper presents analyses for 6 pipes and 8 elbows. Values of the normalised constraint parameter βT are calculated for each pipe and elbow at the experimentally measured crack initiation point. Comparison of constraint levels in the pipes and elbows with those in various types of fracture toughness specimen are used to predict the initiation loads using the R6 method and to provide guidelines for transferability.
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Al Kork, Samer Khodor, Farid Amirouche, Edward Abraham, and Mark Gonzalez. "Development of 3D Finite Element Model of Human Elbow to Study Elbow Dislocation and Instability." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206282.
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The mechanics of elbow dislocation and its stages of dislocation are complex and not well understood. Reconstructing a fall where someone lands on their hand is one of the most challenging problem in biomechanics. Current models which attempt to reconstruct falls usually focus on experimental kinematical conditions that cause the fall coupled with inverse dynamics to determine the joint and muscles forces [1,2] to provide on insight into the joint instability. Our hypothesis based on our experimental investigation is that the mechanism of posterior elbow dislocation is initiated at radial head where the ulna and coronoid fracture followed by anterior tearing of the joint capsule, lateral collateral ligament will then rupture followed by posterior medial collateral ligament rupture and then the medial collateral ligament peeling off the ulna. In this study we developed a quasi-static three-dimensional finite element of human elbow joint, and conducted several cadaveric studies to study elbow dislocation. The FE model is used to investigate how the ligaments, cartilages behave under different flexion, extension of the elbow. Dislocation is investigated as function of different loads and moments applied to the radius-ulna with arm being flexed and configured into a supination or pronation.
Reports on the topic "Elbow fracture"
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Kilinski, T., R. Mohan, D. Rudland, and M. Fleming. Fracture behavior of circumferentially surface-cracked elbows. Technical report, October 1993--March 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/426950.
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