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Journal articles on the topic 'Eldana saccharina'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Barraclough, D. A. "A new species of Tachinidae (Diptera) parasitic on the sugarcane borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Natal, South Africa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, no. 2 (1991): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530005118x.

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AbstractSchembria eldana, a new species of goniine Tachinidae, is described (both sexes) from north-eastern Natal, South Africa, where it is parasitic on larvae of the sugarcane borer, Eldana saccharina Walker, in Cyperus papyrus umbels. The genus Schembria Rondani was previously known only from two females of S. meridionalis Rondani from Malta and Israel.

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2

Burger, B. V., W. M. Mackenroth, Denice Smith, H. S. C. Spies, and P. R. Atkinson. "Chemical Composition of the Wing Gland and Abdominal Hair Pencil Secretions of the Male African Sugarcane Borer, Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 40, no. 11-12 (1985): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-11-1216.

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Abstract In addition to the previously identified wing gland lactone, eldanolide, and the tail brush components, vanillin and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, several further terpenoid compounds, saturated and unsaturated alcohols and acids, a thioalcohol, as well as two saturated macrocyclic lactones, were identified in the wing gland and tail brush secretions of the male African sugarcane borer Eldana saccharina (Walker).

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3

Shanower, T. G., F. Schulthess, and N. Bosque-Perez. "Development and fecundity of Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, no. 2 (1993): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034726.

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AbstractThe developmental rates and fecundity of two important African maize pests, Sesamia calamistis Hampson and Eldana saccharina Walker, were studied under constant temperatures and with two larval diets. Five temperatures (15°, 20°, 25°, 30° and 35°C) were used to investigate developmental rates and three temperatures (20°, 25° and 30°C) were used in fecundity experiments. Larvae were reared on maize stem cuttings and on artificial diet. The developmental period for S. calamistis on artificial diet required over 700 degree-days (DD); eggs needed 122 DD above a threshold of 9.7°, larvae required 383 DD above 12.2°C and pupae 204 DD above 10.2°C. The developmental period for E. saccharina on artificial diet was 665 DD; eggs required 125 DD above 9.1°C, larvae 400 DD above 10.6°C and pupae 140 DD above 8.8°C. On artificial diet both species developed faster and had higher threshold temperatures for larval development than when reared on maize stem cuttings. Pupal development rates did not differ between artificial diet and maize stem for either species, although developmental thresholds were marginally lower on artificial diet. S. calamistis averaged 250–690 eggs/female although some individuals produced more than 1000 eggs. Adult females lived 5.7 days at 30°C and 10 days at 20°C. E. saccharina females produce more eggs and lived longer than S. calamistis females. Average fecundity for E. saccharina was 470–620 eggs/female, but several individuals produced more than 1200 eggs. Adult females lived 6.6 days at 30°C and 14.6 days at 20°C.

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4

Sampson, M. A., and R. Kumar. "Life history, development and behaviour of Eldana saccharina Walker on sugar-cane in southern Ghana." Insect Science and Its Application 6, no. 2 (1985): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400006512.

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AbstractFemale Eldana saccharina Walker was found to lay 327 ± 17.1 eggs within a period of 4 days and required three surfaces to lay eggs which were mainly deposited on the inner side of leaf sheaths fitting tightly on to the sugar-cane stalk. The mated females laid more eggs per female (327.0 ± 17.1) than virgin females (212.3 ± 5.5). The incubation period of the eggs of E. saccharina was found to be 5.64 ± 0.01 (5–7) days in the laboratory and 5.82 ± 0.03 (5–7) days in the field. The mean larval duration was 31 days and pre-pupal period lasted 2.05 ± 0.05 days. Larvae were found to exude a brownish liquid from their mouth in the direction of the invading predators. The newly hatched larvae spread out in 1–3 days of hatching. The mean growth ratio of the larval instars was 1.54 ± 0.05. Pupae frequently occurred very close to the exit hole (less than 5 cm) and the pupal period varied from 7 to 13 (9.76 ± 0.05) days. The life cycle of E. saccharina was completed in 49 (36–62) days. The pre-oviposition period was 2 days and the female reproductive life lasted 4 days. It takes about 53 days for a succeeding generation to be produced. Adults of E. saccharina survived from 6 to 13 days. Adults reared from field collected larvae snowed a sex ratio of 42:51 which was significantly different from 1:1 in the laboratory bred stock, at the 5% level of probability. A comparison of the life cycle of E. saccharina populations in Ghana and Uganda suggests the existence of two biotypes of the pest.

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5

Bosque-Pérez, N. A., and J. H. Mareck. "Effect of the stem borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on the yield of maize." Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, no. 3 (1991): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300033496.

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AbstractField experiments were conducted in the dry season of 1985–86 and the first and second rainy seasons of 1986 at Ibadan, Nigeria, to assess the level of damage and yield reductions caused by Eldana saccharina Walker to maize. Grain weight per plant in artificially infested plots was up to 36% lower than grain weight per plant in insecticide-protected plots. Artificially infested plots had significantly lower 100-grain weight than insecticide-protected ones. The regression coefficient obtained from covariance analysis revealed that 100-grain weight decreased by 0.125 g for each unit increase in the percentage of the stem tunnelled. Infestations of E. saccharina were found to increase significantly the incidence and severity of stalk rots.

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6

Schulthess, F., N. A. Bosque-Pérez, and S. Gounou. "Sampling lepidopterous pests on maize in West Africa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 81, no. 3 (1991): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300033575.

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AbstractThe spatial distribution of five lepidopterous pests, Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Noctuidae), Eldana saccharina Walker (Pyralidae), Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Noctuidae), Mussidia nigrivenella (Ragonot) (Pyralidae), and Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Tortricidae), on maize in West Africa is described using Taylor's power law and the relationship of proportion of infested plants to the mean density. All five species showed a highly aggregated distribution, with Taylor's indices of aggregation ranging between 1.23 for C. leucotreta and 1.52 for Sesamia calamistis. Enumerative and binomial sampling plans that incorporate Taylor's power law are proposed to estimate mean densities of S. calamistis, C. leucotreta and the species complex consisting of E. saccharina, M. nigrivenella and Spodoptera exempta which showed similar spatial distributions, with a predefined reliability level.

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7

Kvedaras, O. L., M. G. Keeping, F. R. Goebel, and M. J. Byrne. "Water stress augments silicon-mediated resistance of susceptible sugarcane cultivars to the stalk borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 97, no. 2 (2007): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485307004853.

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AbstractSilicon (Si) can improve resistance of plants to insect attack and may also enhance tolerance of water stress. This study tested if Si-mediated host plant resistance to insect attack was augmented by water stress. Four sugarcane cultivars, two resistant (N21, N33) and two susceptible (N26, N11) to Eldana saccharina Walker were grown in a pot trial in Si-deficient river sand, with (Si+) and without (Si−) calcium silicate. To induce water stress, irrigation to half the trial was reduced after 8.5 months. The trial was artificially infested with E. saccharina eggs after water reduction and harvested 66 days later. Silicon treated, stressed and non-stressed plants of the same cultivar did not differ appreciably in Si content. Decreases in numbers of borers recovered and stalk damage were not associated with comparable increases in rind hardness in Si+ cane, particularly in water-stressed susceptible cultivars. Overall, Si+ plants displayed increased resistance to E. saccharina attack compared with Si− plants. Borer recoveries were significantly lower in stressed Si+ cane compared with either stressed Si− or non-stressed Si− and Si+ cane. Generally, fewer borers were recovered from resistant cultivars than susceptible cultivars. Stalk damage was significantly lower in Si+ cane than in Si− cane, for N21, N11 and N26. Stalk damage was significantly less in Si+ combined susceptible cultivars than in Si− combined susceptible cultivars under non-stressed and especially stressed conditions. In general, the reduction in borer numbers and stalk damage in Si+ plants was greater for water-stressed cane than non-stressed cane, particularly for susceptible sugarcane cultivars. The hypothesis that Si affords greater protection against E. saccharina borer attack in water-stressed sugarcane than in non-stressed cane and that this benefit is greatly enhanced in susceptible cultivars is supported. A possible active role for soluble Si in defence against E. saccharina is proposed.

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8

Kvedaras, O. L., and M. G. Keeping. "Silicon impedes stalk penetration by the borer Eldana saccharina in sugarcane." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 125, no. 1 (2007): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00604.x.

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9

Bosque-Pérez, N. A., and J. H. Mareck. "Distribution and species composition of lepidopterous maize borers in southern Nigeria." Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, no. 4 (1990): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300050604.

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AbstractThe distribution and species composition of lepidopterous maize borers was studied in six locations in southern Nigeria during the second planting season (August-November) of 1985 and 1986. Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Noctuidae) and Eldana saccharina Walker (Pyralidae) were the stem borers most abundantly found in the locations sampled. S. calamistis was the dominant species up to eight weeks after planting in all locations. E. saccharina was the most abundant species from nine weeks after planting onwards, except at Umuahia where S. calamistis always comprised over 50% of the borer population. Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot (Pyralidae) was found attacking maize ears in all locations, while Busseola fusca Fuller (Noctuidae) was found only at Idah and Alabata, and even there constituted only a small proportion of the population. Other borer species found were Coniesta (= Acigona) ignefusalis (Hampson) (Pyralidae) and Cryptophlebia species (Olethreutidae).

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10

Berry, S. D., G. W. Leslie, V. W. Spaull, and P. Cadet. "Within-field damage and distribution patterns of the stalk borer, Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in sugarcane and a comparison with nematode damage." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 4 (2009): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309990319.

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AbstractThe occurrence of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was monitored in grids represented by plots in 12 nematicide trials in South African sugarcane fields. The trials encompassed a total of eight plant cane crops and 22 ratoon crops and were situated within commercial cane fields. Several measurements were made to characterize the damage caused by E. saccharina. These included the number of internodes per stalk, the percentage of internodes damaged and the percentage of stalks damaged. The mapping of E. saccharina infestation in plant crops of sugarcane showed that the borders of the trials were as infested as the centre, indicating invasion from outside the field plus internal spread within the field. Ratoon crops were less infested than plant crops. This could be explained by a shorter ratoon crop cycle and by the fields having areas that were more suitable for the borer than elsewhere. The location of these preferred areas could be predicted from one ratoon crop to the next but was not related to the distribution of the borer in the plant crop. This situation was thought to explain the apparent stabilization of E. saccharina infestation in ratoon cane. Because the borer was found at harvest only in stalks with more than 14 to 16 internodes, it appeared that the oldest shoots, or the shoots with the greatest growth potential, attracted the insect, possibly due to their higher nitrogen content, which would stimulate growth. All the trials were on sandy soil, and crop loss from nematodes was greater than that caused by E. saccharina.

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11

Horton, Petrovious M., John W. Hearne, Joseph Apaloo, Desmond E. Conlong, Michael J. Way, and Pieter Uys. "Investigating strategies for minimising damage caused by the sugarcane pest Eldana saccharina." Agricultural Systems 74, no. 2 (2002): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-521x(01)00089-0.

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12

McFarlane, S. A., P. Govender, and R. S. Rutherford. "Interactions betweenFusariumspecies from sugarcane and the stalk borer,Eldana saccharina(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Annals of Applied Biology 155, no. 3 (2009): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00345.x.

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13

Mahlanza, Tendekai, R. Stuart Rutherford, Sandy J. Snyman, and M. Paula Watt. "Potential of Fusarium sacchari-tolerant mutants in controlling Eldana saccharina and borer-associated Fusarium stem rot in sugarcane." European Journal of Plant Pathology 141, no. 4 (2015): 825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0582-7.

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14

Nthenga, Isaiah, Rinus Knoetze, Shaun Berry, Louwrens R. Tiedt, and Antoinette P. Malan. "Steinernema sacchari n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa." Nematology 16, no. 4 (2014): 475–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002780.

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A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema sacchari n. sp., was isolated by trapping with the sugar cane borer, Eldana saccharina, from soil of a sugar cane field in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The new species is morphologically characterised by the length of the infective juvenile (IJ) of 680 (630-722) μm, tail length of 64 (51-74) μm, ratio a = 19 (14-23), H% = 49 (43-57) and E% = 82 (70-109). The pattern of the lateral field of the IJ of the new species is 2, 5, 2 ridges (3, 6, 3 lines or incisures). The male of the first generation can be recognised by the long spicule of 83 (73-89) μm, gubernaculum of 61 (50-68) μm, D% = 67 (54-88) and GS% = 73 (66-81). The first generation male lacks a mucron, while the second generation male always has one. The first generation female can be recognised by the vulval lips not being raised, the possession of long double-flapped epiptygmata and the lack of a postanal swelling. Analysis of the ITS and D2D3 regions showed S. sacchari n. sp. to differ from all other Steinernema species and to belong to a new monophyletic group, the ‘Cameroonian’ clade, consisting of S. cameroonense, S. nyetense and S. sacchari n. sp. This group is closely related to the feltiae-kraussei-oregonense Clade III.

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15

Burger, B. V., A. E. Nell, D. Smit, and H. S. C. Spies. "Cyclic Glycerol Acetals from the Abdominal Hair Pencil Secretion of the Male African Sugarcane Borer Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 7-8 (1991): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-7-827.

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Four constituents of the hair pencil secretion of the male African sugarcane stalk borer, Eldana saccharina, having a molecular mass of 312 and peculiar El mass spectra with an exceptionally abundant base peak at m /z 103, were isolated preparatively from an extract of the secretion. Using 1H and 13C NMR spectral analysis, these constituents were identified as fiveand six-membered cyclic glycerol acetals of Z-9-hexadecenal, viz. cis- and trans-2-(Z- 8-pentadecenyl)-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, and cis- and trans-2-(Z-8-pentadecenyl)- 5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane. These compounds are related to the 2-alkenyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3- dioxolane dihydrogen phosphate esters, known to be the active constituents of the smooth muscle contracting acidic phospholipid (Darmstoff) which was isolated from the intestine of mammals. The presence of these acetals in the tail brush secretion of E. saccharina could possibly be the first evidence that com pounds related to the active principle of Darmstoff, may also be present in the insect kingdom. The possibility that these four compounds or their dihydrogen phosphate esters might play a part in the eversion or retraction of the tail brushes of the male insect, is briefly discussed.

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16

Atkinson, P. R., and A. J. M. Carnegie. "Population dynamics of the sugarcane borer, Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Natal, South Africa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 79, no. 1 (1989): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300018575.

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AbstractInfestations of the sugarcane pest Eldana saccharina Walker have been consistently serious in one part of the cane-growing belt of Natal, South Africa. Mortality in this region over seven years was estimated from moth catches in light traps, checked against population change measured from extensive larval counts, and plotted against climatic indices. The object was to construct a predictive model to illustrate mortality in other regions of the cane belt, to which infestations have spread in recent years. The spread southwards along the coast did not seem to have resulted from a decrease in natural mortality, but the spread to higher altitudes appeared to be due to lower mortality associated with warmer and drier years. The phenology of the insect and the effect of the annual harvesting cycle on phenology are discussed.

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17

BANK, F. H. VAN DER, G. W. LESLIE, and J. C. S. ALLISON. "Genetic structure and relationships of four populations of the stalk boring moth, Eldana saccharina." Annals of Applied Biology 117, no. 2 (1990): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1990.tb04213.x.

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18

Kleynhans, E., M. G. Barton, D. E. Conlong, and J. S. Terblanche. "Population dynamics of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): application of a biophysical model to understand phenological variation in an agricultural pest." Bulletin of Entomological Research 108, no. 3 (2017): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485317000712.

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AbstractUnderstanding pest population dynamics and seasonal phenology is a critical component of modern integrated pest-management programs. Accurate forecasting allows timely, cost-effective interventions, including maximum efficacy of, for example, biological control and/or sterile insect technique. Due to the variation in life stage-related sensitivity toward climate, insect pest population abundance models are often not easily interpreted or lack direct relevance to management strategies in the field. Here we apply a process-based (biophysical) model that incorporates climate data with life stage-dependent physiology and life history to attempt to predict Eldana saccharina life stage and generation turnover in sugarcane fields. Fitness traits are modelled at two agricultural locations in South Africa that differ in average temperature (hereafter a cold and a warm site). We test whether the life stage population structures in the field entering winter and local climate during winter directly affect development rates, and therefore interact to determine the population dynamics and phenological responses of E. saccharina in subsequent spring and summer seasons. The model predicts that: (1) E. saccharina can cycle through more generations at the warm site where fewer hours of cold and heat stress are endured, and (2) at the cold site, overwintering as pupae (rather than larvae) confer higher relative fitness and fecundity in the subsequent summer adult moths. The model predictions were compared with a large dataset of field observations from scouting records. Model predictions for larval presence (or absence) generally overlapped well with positive (or negative) scout records. These results are important for integrated pest management strategies by providing a useful foundation for future population dynamics models, and are applicable to a variety of agricultural landscapes, but especially the sugarcane industry of South Africa.

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19

Potgieter, L., JH Van Vuuren, and DE Conlong. "Modelling the effects of the sterile insect technique applied to Eldana saccharina Walker in sugarcane." ORiON 28, no. 2 (2012): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5784/28-2-112.

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20

Zhou, Marvellous. "Selection for Eldana saccharina Borer Resistance in Early Stages of Sugarcane Breeding in South Africa." American Journal of Plant Sciences 06, no. 13 (2015): 2168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2015.613219.

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21

Kleynhans, E., K. A. Mitchell, D. E. Conlong, and J. S. Terblanche. "Evolved variation in cold tolerance among populations of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in South Africa." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 27, no. 6 (2014): 1149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12390.

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22

Herrera, Gerardo, Sandra J. Snyman, and Jennifer A. Thomson. "Construction of a Bioinsecticidal Strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens Active against the Sugarcane Borer, Eldana saccharina." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, no. 2 (1994): 682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.60.2.682-690.1994.

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23

Keeping, Malcolm G., Olivia L. Kvedaras, and Anthony G. Bruton. "Epidermal silicon in sugarcane: Cultivar differences and role in resistance to sugarcane borer Eldana saccharina." Environmental and Experimental Botany 66, no. 1 (2009): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2008.12.012.

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24

Kehinde, Alabi AKINYOOLA, Olayemi ODEKANYIN Oludele, KUKU Adenike, and Babatunde SOSAN Mosudi. "Anti-insect potential of a lectin from the tuber, Dioscorea mangenotiana towards Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (2016): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jabsd2015.0249.

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25

Atkinson, P. R., and K. J. Nuss. "Associations between host-plant nitrogen and infestations of the sugarcane borer, Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 79, no. 3 (1989): 489–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300018460.

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AbstractInfestations of Eldana saccharina Walker in South Africa are higher in intensively-grown than in peasant-grown sugarcane, and are worse in water-stressed plants. Although field trials showed negligible increases in the incidence of the pest with applied nitrogen, the degree in which the degree of water stress could not be controlled. Pot-plant trials, in which the degree of water stress was controlled as well as the amount of fertilizer, showed that the combination of nitrogen with stress resulted in increased survival of larvae and greatly increased biomass with shortened development times. Adults did not appear to choose stressed or fertilized plants in preference to normal or unfertilized ones. In every case, whether in the field or in insectary trials, increased infestation levels were associated with increased stalk total nitrogen. Amino acid determinations showed that the balance of individual acids did not appear to alter but that the balance of individual acids did not appear to alter but that glyphosate ripener had a similar effect to water stress, increasing all amino acids together. Infestations in older cane were disproportionately higher than in younger cane, weight for weight, despite reduced levels of stalk nitrogen. This anomaly may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds in younger cane, or in cane tops. Levels of nitrogen are much higher in the feeding sites of the insect in natural host-plants than in cane stalks, and the fecundity of feral moths natural hosts appeared to be higher than that of moths from sugarcane. The insect appears to have invaded sugarcane when stalk nitrogen levels reached sufficiently high levels for its survival as a result of intensive cultivation.

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Kantiki, L. M., and J. K. O. Ampofo. "Larval establishment and feeding behaviour of Eldana saccharina walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on maize and sorghum plants." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 10, no. 05 (1989): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174275840002169x.

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27

Keeping, M. G., and J. H. Meyer. "Calcium silicate enhances resistance of sugarcane to the African stalk borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Agricultural and Forest Entomology 4, no. 4 (2002): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-9563.2002.00150.x.

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28

Mahlanza, T., R. S. Rutherford, S. J. Snyman, and M. P. Watt. "Eldana saccharina(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Resistance in Sugarcane (Saccharumsp.): Effects ofFusariumspp., Stalk Rind, Fibre and Nitrogen Content." African Entomology 22, no. 4 (2014): 810–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/003.022.0420.

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29

Downing, Katrina J., Graeme Leslie, and Jennifer A. Thomson. "Biocontrol of the Sugarcane Borer Eldana saccharina by Expression of the Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ac7 andSerratia marcescens chiA Genes in Sugarcane-Associated Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 7 (2000): 2804–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.7.2804-2810.2000.

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ABSTRACT The cry1Ac7 gene of Bacillus thuringiensisstrain 234, showing activity against the sugarcane borer Eldana saccharina, was cloned under the control of the tacpromoter. The fusion was introduced into the broad-host-range plasmid pKT240 and the integration vector pJFF350 and without thetac promoter into the broad-host-range plasmids pML122 and pKmM0. These plasmids were introduced into a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain isolated from the phylloplane of sugarcane and the endophytic bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae found in sugarcane. The ptac-cry1Ac7 construct was introduced into the chromosome of P. fluorescens using the integration vector pJFF350 carrying the artificial interposon Omegon-Km. Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of the integratedcry1Ac7 gene were much higher under the control of thetac promoter than under the control of its endogenous promoter. It was also determined that multicopy expression in P. fluorescens and H. seropedicae of ptac-cry1Ac7 carried on pKT240 caused plasmid instability with no detectable protein expression. In H. seropedicae, more Cry1Ac7 toxin was produced when the gene was cloned under the control of the Nmr promoter on pML122 than in the opposite orientation and bioassays showed that the former resulted in higher mortality of E. saccharina larvae than the latter. P. fluorescens 14::ptac-tox resulted in higher mortality of larvae than did P. fluorescens14::tox. An increased toxic effect was observed when P. fluorescens 14::ptac-tox was combined with P. fluorescens carrying the Serratia marcescens chitinase gene chiA, under the control of the tac promoter, integrated into the chromosome.

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30

Gasogo, Anastasie. "Etat des connaissances et observations complémentaires sur Eldana saccharina Walker (Lep., Pyralidae) mineuse de tiges de graminées." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 93, no. 1-5 (2009): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1982.tb03609.x.

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31

Theo, Rapulana, and Bouwer Gustav. "Toxicity to Eldana saccharina of a recombinant Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain carrying a truncated Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ac gene." African Journal of Microbiology Research 7, no. 14 (2013): 1207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr12.867.

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32

Conlong, Des E. "Biological Control of Eldana saccharina Walker in South African Sugarcane: Constraints Identified From 15 Years of Research." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 17, no. 01 (1997): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400022189.

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33

Woods, Michael J., Desmond E. Conlong, Nomalizo Ngomane, Denise Y. Gillespie, Louwrens C. Hoffman, and Elsje Pieterse. "The development of an improved artificial diet for the mass rearing of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100, no. 13 (2020): 4678–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10466.

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34

Keeping, M. G., and J. H. Meyer. "Silicon-mediated resistance of sugarcane to Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): effects of silicon source and cultivar." Journal of Applied Entomology 130, no. 8 (2006): 410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01081.x.

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35

Keeping, M. G., R. S. Rutherford, and D. E. Conlong. "Bt-maize as a potential trap crop for management of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lep., Pyralidae) in sugarcane." Journal of Applied Entomology 131, no. 4 (2007): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01147.x.

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36

Kleynhans, Elsje, Des E. Conlong, and John S. Terblanche. "Direct and indirect effects of development temperature on adult water balance traits of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Journal of Insect Physiology 68 (September 2014): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.06.018.

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37

Schulthess, F., K. F. Cardwell, and S. Gounou. "The Effect of Endophytic Fusarium verticillioides on Infestation of Two Maize Varieties by Lepidopterous Stemborers and Coleopteran Grain Feeders." Phytopathology® 92, no. 2 (2002): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.2.120.

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Abstract:

A series of experiments were conducted to test the effect of the presence of Fusarium verticillioides in the maize plant on subsequent infestation by coleopteran and lepidopteran pests. The effect of percent internodes 1 to 5 infected with F. verticillioides, time after planting, and maize variety on attacks of stem and ears by lepidopterous and coleopteran pests was assessed in field experiments in early and late season 1998 and early season 1999 in Benin Republic. Artificial inoculation of the first internode with fungal-treated toothpicks was compared with a hot-water-fungicide seed treatment and a control. In 1998, two varieties that differed in husk tightness, the improved DMRLSR-W and the local Gbogbe, were used. Percentage of node 1 to 5 and plants infected was highest with the inoculation treatment but tended to be similar in the seed treatment and the control. The infection rate tended to increase with time and, within sampling date, decreased with node level. Ear infection was strongly correlated with percent infected nodes, indicating that F. verticillioides in the stem predisposed kernel infection. F. verticillioides incidence was higher in Gbogbe than in DMRLSR-W. Stem and ear infestations by the pyralid Eldana saccharina, the major pest in the area, tended to be highest in inoculation and lowest in the protection treatment. The same trends were found for the pyralid Chilo spp., the tortricid Cryptophlebia leucotreta, and beetles pooled across species. Significant positive correlations were found between ear/stem F. verticillioides infection and E. saccharina, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Mussidia nigrivenella, and the noctuid Sesamia calamistis, but the latter three pest species were only significantly correlated with fungal infection of the upper nodes of the plant. Similar to disease incidence, E. saccharina numbers in stem and ear were higher in Gbogbe than DMRLSR-W in late 1998, whereas for the pyralid ear feeder M. nigrivenella, it was reversed. It was suggested that some lepidopterous and coleopteran pests are attracted by and survive longer (or have lower mortality) on plants infected with F. verticillioides.

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Smith, M. T., O. L. Kvedaras, and M. G. Keeping. "A novel method to determine larval mandibular wear of the African stalk borer, Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." African Entomology 15, no. 1 (2007): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4001/1021-3589-15.1.204.

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MOBBILI, G., M. ORENA, G. PORZI, and S. SANDRI. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (+)-Eldanolide, the Sex Pheromone of Eldana saccharina, by Enantioselective Alkylation of a Chiral Imide." ChemInform 24, no. 48 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199348288.

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40

Potgieter, L., J. H. van Vuuren, and D. E. Conlong. "A reaction–diffusion model for the control of Eldana saccharina Walker in sugarcane using the sterile insect technique." Ecological Modelling 250 (February 2013): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.11.019.

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41

Conlong, D. E. "A review and perspectives for the biological control of the African sugarcane stalkborer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 48, no. 1 (1994): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(94)90070-1.

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42

Keeping, Malcolm G., Jan H. Meyer, and Chandani Sewpersad. "Soil silicon amendments increase resistance of sugarcane to stalk borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under field conditions." Plant and Soil 363, no. 1-2 (2012): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1325-1.

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43

Atachi, P., E. T. Sekloka, and F. Schulthess. "Study on some bioecological aspects of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lep., Pyralidae) on Zea mays L. and alternative host plants." Journal of Applied Entomology 129, no. 8 (2005): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.2005.00980.x.

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44

Cockburn, Jessica, Hendri Coetzee, Johnnie Van den Berg, and Des Conlong. "Large-scale sugarcane farmers' knowledge and perceptions of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), push–pull and integrated pest management." Crop Protection 56 (February 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2013.10.014.

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Burger, B. V., A. E. Nell, D. Smit, et al. "Constituents of wing gland and abdominal hair pencil secretions of male African sugarcane borer,Eldana saccharina walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Journal of Chemical Ecology 19, no. 10 (1993): 2255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00979662.

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46

Zhou, Marvellous, and Alfred Mokwele. "Family versus individual plant selection for stem borer (Eldana saccharina) resistance in early stages of sugarcane breeding in South Africa." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 33, no. 2 (2015): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2015.1084546.

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47

SMITH, G. S., J. C. S. ALLISON, and N. W. PAMMENTER. "Bio-assay study of response by a parasitoid to frass and feeding substrates of its host, the stalk borer Eldana saccharina." Annals of Applied Biology 125, no. 3 (1994): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1994.tb04981.x.

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48

B. Péné, Crépin, and Yah Coulibaly-Ouattara. "Sugarcane yields, juice quality and stem borer (Eldana saccharina W) infestations as influenced by increasing nitrogen rates in Ferké, Northern Ivory Coast." Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research 7, no. 5 (2019): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33495/jacr_v7i5.19.115.

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49

Bonato, O., and F. Schulthess. "Selecting a character for identifying larval instars of the lepidopteran stemborers Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Noctuidae) and Eldana saccharina walker (Pyralidae) in maize." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 18, no. 02 (1998): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400007724.

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50

Shanower, T. G., F. Schulthess, and N. Bosque-Pérez. "The effect of larval diet on the growth and development of Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Eldana Saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 14, no. 5-6 (1993): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400018117.

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