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1

Geenen, Kristien. "Patronage, social proximity, and instrumentality in the mining industry in the Democratic Republic of Congo: the union elections explored." Dialectical Anthropology 44, no. 2 (2019): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10624-019-09575-0.

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AbstractThis article examines which factors influenced the votes of the workers during union elections in the mining companies in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2018. Although incumbent and challenging candidates recurred to lavish spending during the electoral campaign, this behavior had turned out hardly decisive on election day. Rather, workers voted for those candidates who had managed to become perceived as a patron. Patronage was acquired above all by improving the labor conditions and securing jobs. As such, workers voted following an evaluative rationale, although social proximity
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2

Lukamba, Muhiya Tshombe. "Public administration reform in Central African countries: The way forward." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c2_p7.

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The paper observes the transformation of the political system from a single political to a multi-political party. The essence of this transformation was to accommodate another political culture within the system of governance in the country. This article analyses public sector administration reform in three countries of the Central Africa Region (Republic of Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Republic of Congo. This paper will endeavor to respond to the following question: Why public sector reform in these three countries? Furthermore, the paper will also attempt to validate the need
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Valimungighe, Moise Muhindo, Larrey Kasereka Kamabu, Rodriguez Mbusa Baraka, et al. "Anaesthetic practices in the gynaecology and obstetric department in the principal health facilities of Butembo city, Eastern of the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Medical Research 6, no. 5 (2020): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2020.6513.

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Background: The practice of anaesthesia should be team work involving Obstetrician and Anesthesiologist to determine the anaesthetic and surgical needs of the patient in order to have a successful plan for the baby and mother. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the practice of anesthesia in obstetric and gynaecology department in the principal health facilities of Butembo city. Methods: A prospective and observational descriptive study was done in four health facilities of Butembo city, from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2019. Results: 64.86% of obstetrical and gynaecological procedu
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4

Kampf, David. "The Democratic Republic of Congo: Beyond the elections." African Security Review 16, no. 1 (2007): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2007.9627638.

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5

Kadima, Denis, David K. Leonard, and Anna Schmidt. "Elections and Democratisation in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of African elections 8, no. 1 (2009): 14–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2009/v8i1a2.

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6

Kumar, Keerthi Sampath. "The Democratic Republic of Congo – elections 2016. Road to democracy?" Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2016.21.1.12.

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7

Merckx, Marieke, and Patrick Vander Weyden. "Parliamentary and presidential elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2006." Electoral Studies 26, no. 4 (2007): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2007.06.007.

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8

Liwanga, Roger-Claude. "Judicial Independence in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Myth or Reality?" Journal of African Law 56, no. 2 (2012): 194–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855312000034.

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AbstractSoon after the first democratic elections were organized in 2006, the Democratic Republic of Congo engaged in a series of juridical reforms to ensure that the judiciary is free from interference from the other branches of government: the legislature and the executive. Accordingly, Law No 06/020 of 2006 on the Status of Magistrates and Law No 08/013 of 2008 on the Organization and Functioning of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary were enacted. This article examines judicial independence in the Democratic Republic of Congo today, and assesses the impact of the newly adopted legislation
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9

Vander Weyden, Patrick. "Founding Elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Highly Fragmented Party System." Journal of African elections 6, no. 1 (2007): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2007/v6i1a10.

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10

Booysen, Susan. "‘Choice Between Malaria and Cholera’ or ‘Democratic Façade’: The 2006 Elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Politikon 34, no. 1 (2007): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589340701336179.

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11

Moshonas, Stylianos. "The politics of civil service reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Modern African Studies 52, no. 2 (2014): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x14000019.

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ABSTRACTCivil service reform is an important element of governance reforms, but has received limited attention in the literature pertaining to the Democratic Republic of Congo. This article examines Congo's aborted CSR process from 2003 to 2008. Through a detailed exploration of some of the project's components (the design phase, the census, and the workings of the structures charged with implementation), analysed through a framework attentive to the tensions between democratisation and liberalisation, the political logics that have pervaded and affected implementation outcomes are reconstitut
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12

Frère, Marie-Soleil. "Covering Post-Conflict Elections: Challenges for the Media in Central Africa." Africa Spectrum 46, no. 1 (2011): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971104600101.

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In the past ten years, elections were held in six countries of Central Africa experiencing “post-conflict” situations. The polls that took place in Burundi (2005), the Central African Republic (2005), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2006), Congo-Brazzaville (2002, 2007), Chad (1996, 2001, 2006) and Rwanda (2003) were crucial for peace-building. In some cases, they were widely supported and supervised by the international community, being considered the last step of a peace process and the first step toward establishing a truly representative “post-conflict” regime. The media were expecte
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13

Ceyhun qızı Qasımova, Aysel. "Legal basis of parliamentary elections in the Republic of Azerbaijan." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 2 (2021): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/128-131.

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As in other democratic states, parliamentary elections are the most regular form of citizen participation in the management of the state and public life in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Also, parliamentary elections are a mechanism that ensures the transparency of state power and facilitates the legalization of this area. The democratic and free conduct of elections, which is an expression of people’s will, depends on the socio-political stability in the country and the existence of norms that legally regulate the conduct of these elections. In this sense, the Constitution of the Republic of Aze
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14

Budeli, Mpfariseni, and Andre Mbata B. Mangu. "Towards democratic consolidation in Africa? A look at the 28 November 2011 elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Liability and Scientific Enquiry 6, no. 1/2/3 (2013): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlse.2013.057755.

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15

Mukuku, Olivier, Pascal Nawej, Marcellin Bugeme, Frank Nduu, Paul Makan Mawaw, and Oscar Numbi Luboya. "Epidemiology of Epilepsy in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo." Neurology Research International 2020 (January 29, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5621461.

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Background. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions, but the majority of epilepsy patients in sub-Saharan countries do not receive appropriate treatment. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), particularly in Lubumbashi, very few epidemiological studies on epilepsy have emerged. This study aims to analyze demographic characteristics, semiology of epileptic seizures, and their etiologies in patients followed in hospital. Methods. This is a prospective descriptive study that enrolled 177 epileptic patients who performed a neurological consultation at the Centre Médical du
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Van der Knaap, M., D. Manara Kamitenga, L. Ngoie Many, A. Esube Tambwe, and G. J. De Graaf. "Lake Tanganyika fisheries in post-conflict Democratic Republic of Congo." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 17, no. 1 (2014): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2014.882722.

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17

Wilkie, David S., Bryan Curran, Richard Tshombe, and Gilda A. Morelli. "Managing bushmeat hunting in Okapi Wildlife Reserve, Democratic Republic of Congo." Oryx 32, no. 2 (1998): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-23.x.

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Projected rates of agricultural clearing in the Ituri Forest of north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo range from 0 to 0.1 per cent per year and suggest that deforestation for subsistence agriculture is not an immediate threat to the integrity of the Okapi Wildlife Reserve (OWR). If the human population continues to grow at over 3 per cent per annum, and bushmeat continues to be a major source of income for rural communities, subsistence-level exploitation of bushmeat may, however, not be sustainable. This paper proposes management approaches that address the demand for and supply of bushm
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18

Kuka, Nadine Mujinga, Jinhwa Oh, and Jisun Song. "Trade and Tourism in Democratic Republic of Congo: Key Business for Sustainable Financing." GLOBAL BUSINESS FINANCE REVIEW 26, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2021.26.1.1.

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19

Taylor, Alexandra. "A Violent Peace." Cornell Internation Affairs Review 2, no. 1 (2008): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37513/ciar.v2i1.343.

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Since 2003, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has enjoyed only a tenuous peace. For the past decade, a period spanning two official wars and years of continued violence, the only constant division has been between those who have guns and those who do not. The transitional government, established in 2003, brought the main rebel groups from the Second Congo War into the government, a move to stabilize the intertwined political and military conflict. However, a constantly shifting web of armed groups continues to operate in the DRC, particularly in the northeast. The alliances sometimes
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20

Bitamba, Bauma Frigeant, and Sung-Hoon An. "Construction Project Change Management in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Status, Causes, and Impacts." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229766.

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Changes in construction projects are very frequent and are expected to occur at any stage of the project. These changes modify the original scope of work and affect the project in various aspects. To minimize these effects, there is a need to implement a systematic change management system during the construction process. This study aimed to investigate the current situation of change management implementation, identify the main causes of change management, and assess their impacts in the Congolese construction industry. A comprehensive literature review was conducted for a thorough understand
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21

e’kitiak, Mudji. "Management of a suspected case of Monkeypox at Vanga Hospital, Kwilu, Republic Democratic of Congo." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 4, no. 2 (2016): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijmd.2013.04.02.art009.

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22

Oliinyk, Yurii. "Hybrid Wars and Conflict Management Experience on the Example of Democratic Republic of the Congo." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 39 (June 16, 2019): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2019.39.79-82.

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The article is devoted to the issue of hybrid warfare and the experience of postwar management on the example of Democratic Republic of the Congo.It is revealed the weakness of the state that is not able to control the territory, the risks of democratic transformation and the influence of external forces. The author examines the tools of the hybrid war, analyzes the current situation in the country, the inability of the central government and the factors of external influence. The urgency of the topic is causes by importance of the planning postwar managementinUkraine, which is negotiating abo
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23

Dijkzeul, D., and C. A. Lynch. "NGO management and health care financing approaches in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo." Global Public Health 1, no. 2 (2006): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441690600658792.

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24

Modu, B., and B. Herbert. "Spatial analysis from remotely sensed observations of Congo basin of East African high Land to drain water using gravity for sustainable management of low laying Chad basin of Central Africa." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (November 7, 2014): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-279-2014.

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The Chad basin which covers an area of about 2.4 million kilometer square is one of the largest drainage basins in Africa in the centre of Lake Chad .This basin was formed as a result of rifting and drifting episode, as such it has no outlet to the oceans or seas. It contains large area of desert from the north to the west. The basin covers in part seven countries such as Chad, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Cameroun, Niger, Sudan and Algeria. It is named Chad basin because 43.9% falls in Chad republic. Since its formation, the basin continues to experienced water shortage due to the activ
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25

Bress, Joshua, Givano Kashemwa, Christine Amisi, et al. "Delivering integrated care after sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 1 (2019): e001120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001120.

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In the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, ongoing armed conflict increases the incidence of gender-based violence (GBV) and presents a distinct and major barrier to care delivery for all survivors of GBV. A specific challenge is providing emergency contraception, HIV prophylaxis and treatment for sexually transmitted infections to all survivors within 72 hours of violence. To address the multiple barriers to providing this time-sensitive medical care, Global Strategies and Panzi Hospital implemented the Prevention Pack Program. The Prevention Pack is a pre-packaged post-rape medical kit
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26

Montet, Didier, Jamal Eddine Hazm, Abdelouahab Ouadia, et al. "Use of Collective Expertise as a Tool to Reinforce Food Safety Management in Africa." Journal of Food Research 9, no. 3 (2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v9n3p9.

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The Erasmus+ project (2017-2020) entitled Societal Challenges and Governance of African Universities: the case of ALIments in Morocco, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Senegal (DAfrAli) seeks to strengthen the governance capacity of African Higher Education Institutions to mobilize their resources in order to respond to major societal challenges in relation to external stakeholders. A work package consisted of organizing three workshops to use Collective Expertise as a tool for the identification of societal risks, in the area of food safety. These three workshops were conducted in Mor
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Aruna, Aaron, Placide Mbala, Luigi Minikulu, et al. "Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak — Democratic Republic of the Congo, August 2018–November 2019." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 68, no. 50 (2019): 1162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6850a3.

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28

Katoka, Ben. "How good is aid for institution building in the Democratic Republic of Congo?" Global Social Policy 18, no. 2 (2018): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018118789810.

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29

Pu, Qiang, Eun-Hye Yoo, David H. Rothstein, Sarah Cairo, and Luc Malemo. "Improving the spatial accessibility of healthcare in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo." Applied Geography 121 (August 2020): 102262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102262.

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30

Majambu, Eliezer, Salomon Mampeta Wabasa, Camille Welepele Elatre, Laurence Boutinot, and Symphorien Ongolo. "Can Traditional Authority Improve the Governance of Forestland and Sustainability? Case Study from the Congo (DRC)." Land 8, no. 5 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8050074.

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With about 107 million hectares of moist forest, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a perfect paradox of a natural resources endowed country caught in repeated economic and socio-political crises. Democratic Republic of Congo possesses about 60% of the Congo basin’s forest on which the majority of its people rely for their survival. Even if the national forest land in the countryside is mainly exploited by local populations based on customary rights, they usually do not have land titles due to the fact that the state claims an exclusive ownership of all forest lands in the Congo basin i
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Sonwa, Denis Jean, Mfochivé Oumarou Farikou, Gapia Martial, and Fiyo Losembe Félix. "Living under a Fluctuating Climate and a Drying Congo Basin." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 2936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072936.

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Humid conditions and equatorial forest in the Congo Basin have allowed for the maintenance of significant biodiversity and carbon stock. The ecological services and products of this forest are of high importance, particularly for smallholders living in forest landscapes and watersheds. Unfortunately, in addition to deforestation and forest degradation, climate change/variability are impacting this region, including both forests and populations. We developed three case studies based on field observations in Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, as well as
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SLOCOMB, MARGARET. "Commune Elections in Cambodia: 1981 Foundations and 2002 Reformulations." Modern Asian Studies 38, no. 2 (2004): 447–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03001215.

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In February 2002, Cambodians voted in a multi-party contest for commune councils to govern at the sub-district level in accordance with the Law on Commune/Sangkat Administrative Management promulgated in March 2001. Foreign observers regarded this election as a crucial stage in democratic consolidation. Communes, however, were elected in 1981 and much consolidation of their function occurred during the regime of the People's Republic of Kampuchea. Whether the commune council will differ radically from the commune People's Revolutionary Committee is debatable.
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Din, Gregory Yom, and Emil Cohen. "Modeling Municipal Solid Waste Management in Africa: Case Study of Matadi, the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Environmental Protection 04, no. 05 (2013): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2013.45052.

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34

Mukinayi Mbiya, Benoît, Ghislain Tumba Disashi, and Béatrice Gulbis. "Sickle Cell Disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Assessing Physicians’ Knowledge and Practices." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 3 (2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5030127.

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Background: Sickle cell disease is a major public health issue in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), but it is still poorly understood by health professionals. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of Congolese physicians treating sickle cell disease (SCD), in order to identify the areas for improvement in clinical care. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study conducted among Congolese physicians using a questionnaire. Participants were evaluated using a pre-established answer grid. Results: A total of 460 physicians participated, including 81 w
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Alleman, Mary M., Rohit Chitale, Cara C. Burns, et al. "Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks and Events — Three Provinces, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2017." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 67, no. 10 (2018): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6710a4.

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36

Mària, Josep F., and Josep M. Lozano. "Responsible Leaders for Inclusive Globalization: Cases in Nicaragua and the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Business Ethics 93, S1 (2010): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0628-5.

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37

Woldie, Atsede, Bushige Mwangaza Laurence, and Brychan Thomas. "Challenges of finance accessibility by SMEs in the democratic republic of Congo: is gender a constraint?" Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 2 (2018): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(2).2018.04.

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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in income generation, job creation, poverty reduction and reducing income inequality of all countries, regardless of the level of development. Nevertheless, in developing countries, they are exposed to several challenges affecting their business operations and growth. Among others, access to external financing has been cited to be the most pressing challenge for SMEs in developing economies. The lack of accessibility has been indicated to result from the deficiencies observed from both financial institutions and SMEs. Further, it has
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38

Alma, Eileen. "Commentary: Women’s Empowerment and Addressing Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in the DRC." Allons-y: Journal of Children, Peace and Security 3 (March 29, 2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/allons-y.v3i0.10061.

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In the last two years, ethnically motivated sexual and gender-based violence rose in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a country marked with ethnic-based tensions and conflict over the control of its extractive industries over decades. According to the 2018 Report of the United Nations Secretary General to the United Nations, sexualized violence cases emerged and spread in several provinces in 2017 with at least 804 cases of conflict-related sexual violence in this period, affecting 507 women, 265 girls, 30 men and 2 boys. Despite progress by the international community actors to end
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39

Okito, Gabriel Mukabo, Joseph Masirika Matunguru, Leblanc Heri Muzungu, et al. "Les poissons du bassin de la rivière Ulindi, à l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo : revue de la littérature." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 8 (2020): 2928–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i8.21.

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Cette revue de la littérature sur les poissons du bassin hydrographique de la rivière Ulindi à l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo a été réalisée dans le but d’avoir une idée sur l’état des connaissances actuelles de son ichtyofaune en vue de définir les orientations pour leurs études ultérieures dans cette région non encore prospectée en profondeur et dont la plupart des rivières se trouvent actuellement menacées par des activités anthropiques. Cette étude présente une vue globale des rivières du Bassin de la rivière Ulindi avec une liste systématique non exhaustive d’environ 31 espè
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Gadoth, Adva, Chelsea L. Shannon, Nicole A. Hoff, et al. "Prenatal chlamydial, gonococcal, and trichomonal screening in the Democratic Republic of Congo for case detection and management." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 3 (2020): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419888315.

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Prenatal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infections are associated with adverse birth outcomes. As rapid diagnostic tests become available, it is important to evaluate prenatal sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence, as well as the acceptability and feasibility of prenatal screening programs. We recruited 371 pregnant women from four clinics in Kisantu Health Zone, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from October 2016 to March 2017. Trained clinicians collected cervical swabs, and samples were tested by nucleic acid amplification f
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Syavulisembo, A. M., H. B. Havenith, B. Smets, N. d'Oreye, and J. Marti. "Sensibility analysis of VORIS lava-flow simulations: application to Nyamulagira volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 3 (2015): 1835–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-1835-2015.

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Abstract. Assessment and management of volcanic risk are important scientific, economic, and political issues, especially in densely populated areas threatened by volcanoes. The Virunga area in the Democratic Republic of Congo, with over 1 million inhabitants, has to cope permanently with the threat posed by the active Nyamulagira and Nyiragongo volcanoes. During the past century, Nyamulagira erupted at intervals of 1–4 years – mostly in the form of lava flows – at least 30 times. Its summit and flank eruptions lasted for periods of a few days up to more than two years, and produced lava flows
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Elonga Mboyo, Jean Pierre. "Reimagining Ubuntu in schools: A perspective from two primary school leaders in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 47, no. 2 (2017): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143217728085.

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Communalism, otherwise known as ‘Ubuntu’ in African literature, has come to signify the philosophical and ethical thought capable of transforming behaviours/lives and restoring the continent’s cultural identity. This potent energy is explored in this article with a critical discussion of the conceptual, cultural and operational statuses of Ubuntu. While inhumanity across Africa has prompted some to question its viability, others – including the author of this article – see, in these testing times, an opportunity to reinvent the concept. Using narrative data from two urban primary head teachers
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Mustapha, A. O., P. Mbuzukongira, and M. J. Mangala. "Occupational radiation exposures of artisans mining columbite–tantalite in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Radiological Protection 27, no. 2 (2007): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/27/2/005.

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Sadiki, Jacques, Stany Vwima, and Philippe Lebailly. "Obstacles and Performance of Agribusiness Enterprises: Evidence from South-Kivu Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo." Asian Social Science 16, no. 11 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n11p7.

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The objective of this study is to analyze differences between business obstacles and performance by their location using 92 food and agribusiness firms operating in rural and urban areas. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and analysis of variance are used to evaluate data collected through household surveys. Chi-square test are used to identify relationships between location and enterprises characteristics and business obstacles. Results reveal a less participation of female in ownership and management. Access to finance still the main obstacle faced by all firms. Scarcity of electricity, tra
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Kabongo Kamitalu, Ramsès, and Michel Ntetani Aloni. "High School Students Are a Target Group for Fight against Self-Medication with Antimalarial Drugs: A Pilot Study in University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6438639.

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Aim. To assess the self-medication against malaria infection in population of Congolese students in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Medical records of all students with malaria admitted to Centre de Santé Universitaire of University of Kinshasa from January 1, 2008, to April 30, 2008, were reviewed retrospectively.Results. The median age of the patients was 25.4 years (range: from 18 to 36 years). The majority of them were male (67.9%). Artemisinin-based combination
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Mangenda, Holenu Holy, Kakese C. Kunyima, Valentin Nedeff, Doina Capsa, Daniel-Catalin Felegeanu, and Claudia Tomozei. "POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GEO-MATERIALS EXPLOITATION IN THE CITY OF KINSHASA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 13, no. 7 (2014): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2014.178.

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Harry, Deinibiteim M., and Samuel B. Kalagbor. "Electoral Violence and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 7 (2021): 140–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.87.10440.

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The study examined the effects of electoral violence on the democratization efforts and democratic consolidation in Nigeria since the beginning of the Fourth Republic in 1999. The nation’s elections, at all levels of governance, are characterized by violence. Violence mar as high as 70 percent of Nigerian elections resulting in deaths, destruction of properties, maiming, etc. Successive governments have made frantic efforts to institutionalize and consolidate democracy in the country, embarking on various electoral reforms with little or no result with respect to curbing electoral violence. Th
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Autesserre, Séverine. "Hobbes and the Congo: Frames, Local Violence, and International Intervention." International Organization 63, no. 2 (2009): 249–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818309090080.

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AbstractWhy do international peacebuilders fail to address the local causes of peace process failures? The existing explanations of peacebuilding failures, which focus on constraints and vested interests, do not explain the international neglect of local conflict. In this article, I show how discursive frames shape international intervention and preclude international action on local violence. Drawing on more than 330 interviews, multi-sited ethnography, and document analysis, I develop a case study of the Democratic Republic of Congo's transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–2006). I
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Pohl, Benjamin. "To what ends? Governmental interests and European Union (non-) intervention in Chad and the Democratic Republic of Congo." Cooperation and Conflict 49, no. 2 (2013): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836713482875.

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Cuvelier, Jeroen, Jose Diemel, and Koen Vlassenroot. "Digging Deeper: the Politics of ‘Conflict Minerals’ in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo." Global Policy 4, no. 4 (2013): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12079.

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