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Journal articles on the topic 'Electoral rigging'
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Ahmad, Saeed, Mudasir Mustafa, Ahsan Ullah, Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Mushtaq, and Wasif Ali. "Role of types of electoral rigging, socio-economic status, politics and voting behavior in the formation of attitudes toward electoral integrity." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 11, no. 2 (2017): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-08-2015-0034.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the associations between socioeconomic status, types of rigging (pre- polling-day and post-), politics and voting behavior, vote casting and perceptions of rigging in Pakistan’s most recent elections, and attitudes toward electoral integrity. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from students at three different universities. In all, 748 units of analysis (488 male and 260 female) recorded their responses by means of a self-structured questionnaire. Linear regression was applied to measure the associations between variables, and the reliability and validity of the scales were tested. Findings A significant relationship was found between pre-poll rigging, post-poll rigging, politics and voting behavior, socioeconomic characteristics (i.e. age, education, father’s education, background or place of residence and monthly household incomes), the perception of rigging in the last elections and attitudes toward electoral integrity. Practical implications Pakistan’s history has been blemished by electoral malpractices during both de facto and de jure regimes. Attention has formerly been paid to either polling-day or post-election rigging. The relationship of electoral integrity with different factors explored in this study have usually been ignored or overlooked. The findings of this study would help policy-makers, youth experts and academicians to reorient their behaviors to strengthen political stability, the rule of law and the continuation of democracy via their participation in the system. Originality/value To the researchers’ best knowledge, there has not been a single peer-reviewed study of Pakistan which has explored the associations between the variables examined for this study. The main academic challenge the researchers faced was to find a standardized and contextualized scale or tool to explore how different types of vote-rigging affected attitudes toward electoral integrity. Thus, the structured scales for types of rigging and electoral integrity developed here would be useful for future studies in the field of electoral integrity in democratic countries.
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Ediagbonya, Michael (Ph.D), Olumide Ogunrotimi Dr., and Aghahiusi Roland Ukhurebor. "Election Rigging and Violence in Nigeria in Historical Perspective: A Case Study of 1959, 1964, 1965 And 1983 Elections." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis 06, no. 01 (2023): 28–36. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7505315.
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This paper examines election rigging and violence in Nigeria in historical perspective. Particularly, the 1959, 1964, 1965 and 1983 elections came to focus. It discusses the nature of election rigging and forms of violence in Nigeria electoral process. The causes and consequences of election rigging and violence in Nigeria were demonstrated. Data for the study was obtained through oral interview as primary sources and the secondary sources like books, newspapers, articles, journals, theses and dissertation were also used. It was found that rigging is almost synonymous with Nigerian elections. It was also found that the aim of electoral rigging or fraud is to frustrate the democratic aspirations of citizens who have voted or would have voted into office someone other than the victor. In conclusion, the elections between the period of 1959-1983 were bedeviled by several forms of violence which consisted of murder, assassination, arson, sabotage, armed attack, intra and inter-party clashes, hostility, thuggery and rage through physical force directed against persons or property.
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Muhammad, Usman Saeed, Zahid Bilal Muhammad, and Riaz Raza Muhammad. "Political speeches and media agenda: electoral rigging movement — 2013 as a building factor of media agenda in Pakistan." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 24 (2020): 2436–45. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i24.387.
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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To explore the relationship of Pakistani Political Leader Imran Khan Speeches and newspapers agenda examining the coverage of electoral rigging issue which gained the momentum of a movement in Pakistan during post elections 2013 against the then siting government of Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz's (PML-N). <strong>Method:</strong> The study takes its roots from the network agenda setting model. It aims to study the model in the context of agenda building in Pakistan. Social Network Analysis technique was used to analyze the data collected from two sources including: Live speeches of movement leader, Imran Khan and coverage of three leading Urdu dailies of Pakistan; Express, Dunya and Jang to explore the relationship among these agenda setting networks. Firstly, we performed content analysis of 128 speeches of Imran Khan, 964 news stories and 239 editorials of sample newspapers. Secondly, we turned data into matrices and applied network analysis techniques with the help of UCINet and NetDraw software. <strong>Findings:</strong> QAP Correlation indicates strong association among, Imran Khan Speeches and newspapers agenda. However, these associations are different for two issues; Electoral rigging, and PML-N rigging. Imran Khan influenced the media agenda more for shaping the image of elections-2013 as unfair and rigged. On the other hand, his speeches were found less influential in shaping media agenda about the involvement of PML-N in electoral rigging. In this way, study reveals that third level agenda building effects depend upon the political nature of issues. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Third level agenda building; political speeches; electoral rigging; Pakistan elections-2013; social network analysis
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K., Ukwayi, J., and Okpa, J. T. "The Effect of Electoral and Economic Crimes on Sustainable Development in Cross River State, Nigeria." International Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 2 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v5i2.11693.
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The survey examined the effect of electoral and economic crimes on sustainable development in Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study accessed the effect of election rigging and misappropriation of public funds on sustainable development in Cross River State. Two research questions were stated to guide the study. The study adopted the system theory. Survey research design was adopted in this study. An 18-item questionnaire captioned “Questionnaire on electoral, economic crimes and sustainable development” (QEESD) was designed by the researcher and used in gathering data for the study. Data were elicited from 384 respondents who were purposively selected from six (6) local government areas in the three Senatorial District of Cross River State. The respondents were selected from political parties, Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) offices, religious groups, and the public. The generated data were presented using simple percentage, and chart. Findings revealed that election rigging and misappropriation of public funds affects sustainable development in Cross River state, Nigeria. The study recommended among others that political office holders should judiciously utilize public funds for programmes and projects that would positively affect the well-being of the citizens. In addition, rigging of election should be made a capital offence that should attract severe punishment like life imprisonment or death sentence.
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Kancherla, Tarun. "Fingerprint-Based Voting System Using C#: A Secure Biometric Approach to Modern Elections." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 4 (2025): 158–60. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.68176.
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Integrity in elections is fundamental to democratic processes, yet traditional voting systems face significant vulnerabilities such as rigging and voter fraud. This paper introduces a biometric voting so- lution leveraging fingerprint recognition to enhance electoral transparency developed using C# and SQL Server Studio to improve electoral transparency and security. The proposed system employs bio- metric authentication to uniquely identify voters, effectively eliminating impersonation and multiple voting incidents. System performance evaluations demonstrate a biometric matching accuracy of 98%, underscoring the practicality and efficiency of biometric systems in real- world electoral environments.
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Muyambo, Edmore, and Stacey Baror. "Systematic Review to Propose a Blockchain-based Digital Forensic Ready Internet Voting System." International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 19, no. 1 (2024): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/iccws.19.1.2188.
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The ballot paper-based voting system has a high risk of data manipulation and vote tampering due to a lack of immutability, transparency and privacy. This systematic review is conducted with the intention of proposing a digital forensic-ready internet voting process to mitigate issues of vote rigging and vote fraud. The review focused on current and up-to-date literature. Publications that are out of this date range were ignored and considered stale or irrelevant. We extracted and reviewed publications with either or all the following keywords: “digital forensic”, “internet voting”, “e-voting” and “blockchain”. A total of thirteen databases were consulted. These include ACM, IEEE, Web of Science, Science Direct, Academic Search Complete, Access Science, ProQuest, Oxford Academy, Ingenta, Cambridge Core and Clarivate. From the inclusion list of one hundred and five (105) studies that were looked at in detail, twenty of them (i.e.,19%) covered blockchain technology. Two percent (2%) of them were focused on digital forensics in internet voting. The results herein were synthesised and presented in a qualitative methodology. The review shows that a secure and reliable digital forensic system could effectively mitigate vote rigging and fraud. Therefore, we proposed a blockchain-based digital forensic-ready internet voting system. The proposed system is beneficial to the electorate, election observers, electoral candidates, electoral administration bodies as well as the national law enforcement agencies.
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Uzodike, Ufo Okeke, and Hakeem Onapajo. "Beyond the Card Reader: Anti-election Rigging Technology and National Security in Nigeria." Insight on Africa 11, no. 2 (2019): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087819845194.
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With the increasing spread of information technology in Africa, digitalisation of elections is gradually becoming a popular phenomenon in the continent. However, there has not been sufficient awareness on the potential dangers in the process of digitalising elections. In this regard, this article provides analysis of the connection between the use of technological model in elections and security using the Nigerian example. The article acknowledges the potency of the technological model to solve the problem of electoral malpractices and ultimately address issues concerning electoral violence over claims of fraud. Notwithstanding its usefulness, the article analyses the challenges associated with the technological model and how this represents a major security threat. In this regard, the key question is: does Nigeria have the technical capacity to manage effectively electronic devices that have the potential of being used to unleash massive electoral fraud that could completely undermine peaceful coexistence within its fragile and sensitive electoral context? Following this, the article advances a number of policy recommendations on the measures to put the technological model into an effective use in order to promote peaceful elections in Nigeria.
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Onapajo, Hakeem, and Ufo Okeke Uzodike. "Rigging Through the Courts: The Judiciary and Electoral Fraud in Nigeria." Journal of African Elections 13, no. 2 (2014): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2014/v13i2a7.
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Fraenkel, Jon. "The Alternative Vote System In Fiji: Electoral Engineering Or Ballot-Rigging?" Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 39, no. 2 (2001): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713999545.
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John, Sunday Ojo, and Ihemeje Godwin. "Designing E-Voting As An 'Apparatus' For Combating Election Rigging: A Nigerian Model." Journal of Social and Political Sciences 2, no. 3 (2019): 582–601. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1991.02.03.100.
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This is a proposed Nigerian model of e-voting. The lessons learnt and huge successes recorded from countries that have practiced e-voting system such as Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Estonia, France Germany, India, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States of America beaconed hope for adopting E-voting system as capable of proffering solution to electoral rigging in emerging Nigerian democracy. This paper concludes that while electronic voting is not a magic wand, it is the surest way yet for Nigeria to join the league of countries that have wiped out electoral fraud, which is the worst form of corruption. Concurrently, it is also the best way to hand over for the incoming regimes.
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Shah, Aqil, and Bushra Asif. "Pakistan in 2014." Asian Survey 55, no. 1 (2015): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2015.55.1.48.
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A year after assuming power, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s government faced a political crisis fomented by the pro-military opposition leader Imran Khan, who mobilized his supporters to protest alleged electoral rigging in the 2013 poll. Khan had to call off the protests after the Pakistani Taliban’s grisly terrorist attack on an army-run school in retaliation for the army’s offensive against them in North Waziristan.
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Gadau, Yau Idris, and Murjanatu Abubakar Malami. "Youth and the electoral violence in Nigeria’s democratic regime: Lesson for youth ahead of 2023 general election." African Social Science and Humanities Journal 3, no. 4 (2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.57040/asshj.v3i4.225.
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This study is a qualitative research data in which data where collected from the secondary sources from books, journals and the government reports. Youth in democratic governance have been used to thwarting the election process or creating confusion that could led to generate doubt in the conduct of free, fair and credible election. Employing thug to boycott the legal procedure in order to win the election or disruption the election creating avenue for electoral violence to manifest. Electoral violence is among the major factors that affect the democratic regime in Nigeria. Throughout the history of democratic governance in Nigeria, electoral violence have affected negatively the socio-political and economic wellbeing and democratization process that has been struggled to put place in the country since the independence. This paper examines the manifestations of electoral violence instigated by youth in Nigerian democracy. The findings showsnumerous factors that contributed to the electoral violence in democratic governance of Nigeria. These factors comprise electoral rigging which manifests in various stages such as snatching of ballot box, and voters buying, godfatherism and institutional incapacity in managing election and mismanagement.
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Bilal, Hussain Ch, and Subayyal. "Web Based Electronic Voting System Using Finger Print Authentication and GSM Module." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 6 (2018): 307–11. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18456.
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Voting is the heart of a democratic country and it should be fair and square by all means .Every country in the world is spending a handsome amount on the electoral process to refine it to the next level. Instead of all the refinement on the electoral process there is always issues rises about the rigging in the elections. To counter this and to ameliorate the electoral process to next level we are proposing a system which includes a finger print scanner and GSM module. We have defined a methodology to counter all the hidden holes in the electoral process. Bilal Hussain Ch | Subayyal "Web Based Electronic Voting System Using Finger Print Authentication and GSM Module" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18456.pdf
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Asif, Nusrat. "Electoral Politics during 1951 Provincial Elections in the Punjab: A Progression of Authoritarian Legacy." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 12, no. 3 (2024): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00098.
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This research paper explored electoral patterns in the Punjab after independence focusing on the first provincial elections of Punjab. Did the voters have any real choice? How was the religion card employed in the absence of non-Muslims? And how important were ethnic and geographical affiliations in a newly independent, conventional Punjab. How fluidity of displaced people affected the electoral behaviour and results. These important inquiries have important implications for the present scenario. Muslim League became a major political party and incumbent government during the early years of independence. The provincial election helped its splinter groups into new political parties. Victimhood, blaming, national unity, and the Kashmir issue were top trends in campaign rhetoric. Rural election campaigns focused on biradri, clan or village heads. Both male and female voter registration and vote casting still needed to improve. Muslim League was accused of using officials and rigging. Research noticed that the electoral reforms improved the election process while acceptance of election results could not make its place. Press lacked objectivity and the government imposed censorship on its critics. The Punjabi electors voted Muslim League as well as opposition with conventional thinking rejecting radical call against Muslim League, popular at that time in East Bengal. This article contributes to understanding early electoral behaviour of Punjab, particularly and the present scenario of elections in both Punjab and Pakistan in general.
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Siddiqua, Ayesha. "USE OF CYBER HATE IN THE ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS BY THE MAINSTREAM POLITICAL PARTIES OF PAKISTAN." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 2 (2021): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.9232.
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Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to examine the use of cyber hate by the Pakistan’s mainstream political parties. The issue of poll rigging in Pakistan’s General Elections 2013 is examined through discourse analysis of the related tweets. The study also aims at comprehending the extent to which cyber ethics were violated during the digital electoral campaigns.
 Methodology: Discourse Analysis of the tweets generated from the official Twitter handles of PTI and PMLN leaders was conducted to examine the use of cyber hate by the Pakistan’s mainstream political parties. Violation of cyber ethics was explored through the qualitative interviews of 8 purposively selected social media managers of PMLN, PPP, and PTI.
 Main Findings: The findings indicated that party leadership/politicians used the elements of cyber hate which included abusive language, provocation, and character assassination against their opponents during the digital electoral campaign in general and regarding the poll rigging issue of Pakistan’s General Elections 2013 in specific. Resultantly the tweets using strong adjectives and metaphors on the political opponents were more frequently re-tweeted and attracted more favorites.
 Applications of this study: The study can be helpful in various cross-disciplinary areas that focus on the examination of the usage and impact of social media and cyberspace as a medium for hate speech dissemination. The study can significantly contribute to areas related to cyber ethics, digital electoral campaigning, freedom of expression, and political opinion building.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The study’s originality lies in its attempt to unfold the foundations of digital electoral campaigning in Pakistan and how cyberhate was used as a pivotal tool for advancing the political narratives in a fragile democratic society.
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Szymański, Adam, and Wojciech Ufel. "Beyond Vote Rigging: Common Patterns in Electoral Malpractices in De-Democratizing Regimes." Polish Political Science Yearbook 47, no. 4 (2018): 593–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2018401.
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Jain, Ankit, Sushil Kushwaha, and Meena Kashyap. "Implementation of FPS Based Electronic Voting Machine Using GSM and Hex Key Pad." YMER Digital 21, no. 03 (2022): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.03/31.
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The base of democracy is voting. Each vote is important thus recording and tallying of each vote with accuracy and impartiality is important. Voting is one of the electoral routes that ensure the sustenance of democratic system in any civilization. But rigging is one of the biggest problems during the election using EVMs. The possible rate of rigging in the EVMs is five votes per minute. So, to set right the current problems in Indian voting system the aim of electronic voting system using fingerprint technique is to design an Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) system by using embedded system to eliminate the chances of rigging in an election. In this proposed system fingerprint technique is used. The vote will be confirmed in the favor of a candidate only when the fingerprint of the voter will be matched otherwise the vote will be rejected. The problem of booth capturing and multiple votes casted by single person is being addressed here. User would be able to get the message in his/her cell phone in order to ensure and acknowledging the successful casting of vote like VVPAT do in EVM. We can do on spot registration of the voter as well if candidate does not have finger print data available in EVM.
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E. Ibok, Enefiok. "Peace Accord and Electoral Violence in Nigeria 2015 and 2019 Policy Implications." AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance 1, no. 3 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.61090/aksujacog.2021.025.
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Electoral process is a major determinant of democracy which provides electorate the institutional framework for choosing representatives through a competitive, free and fair election. But in Nigeria, politics is both a serious and deadly business where the winner takes all while the loser loses everything. Because of the invaluable prize at stake, every imaginable strategy is utilized to ensure electoral victory by contesting members of the political elite class. These strategies include rigging, thuggery, intimidation of opponent, falsification of election results, bribery, vote buying, hate speech etc. To stem these, government recently resorted to the signing of peace accord by the presidential candidates of the various political parties, committing to a peaceful poll devoid of violence before and after election in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to examine how peace accord aids in sustaining a more orderly democratic process devoid of violence and other forms of electoral malpractices in Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive and historical method in collecting data. This study is predicated on economic theory of democracy. The findings of the study revealed that peace accord is not instituted in the constitution as part of our democratic process rather it is a pledge or promise for peaceful election which could be easily breached than obey; that as far as Nigerian electoral process is concerned, peace accord is a futile exercise since the stakes are so high. Based on this, the study recommended that the Nigerian government should strengthen the existing electoral laws against any unethical conduct before, during and after election. Also, any individual or party who flouts the laws should be sanctioned and made to face the consequences.
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Aworawo, Friday. "Electoral Malpractices and the Challenges of Democratic Sustainability in Nigeria, 1979-1999." Àgídìgbo: ABUAD Journal of the Humanities 1, no. 1 (2013): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/agidigbo.2013.0101.09-j.
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Electoral malpractices have posed serious challenges to democratic sustainability in Nigerian since independence. The process of electoral malpractices often started from the registration of voters through the nomination of candidates, the conduct of elections as well as to the point of announcing losers and winners. The results of conducting elections not devoid of rigging have culminated into protest and counter protest as well as the fall of different regimes in the political history of Nigeria. The consequences of these have been cautious efforts by successive administration to engender an electoral framework that would ensure free, fair and credible elections. This work examines the nature and patterns of electoral process in Nigeria from 1979 elections, which marked the beginning of the second republic, and 1999 elections, which commenced the start of the fourth republic in Nigerian political history. And concludes that in order to avoid a repeat of history there should be serious reforms of all the political parties, the governmental electoral umpire saddled with the responsibilities of conducting elections and more importantly the attitudinal change of Nigerians toward conducting elections that would be acceptable to everyone and the international communities.
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Muhammad Ashraf Qureshi. "A Critical and Reformative Study of Legal Framework of Electionism in PakistanA Critical and Reformative Study of Legal Framework of Electionism in Pakistan." Annual Methodological Archive Research Review 3, no. 5 (2025): 168–94. https://doi.org/10.63075/r27q9262.
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Pakistan got independence from British in 1947 and emerged as an independent nation on the map of the world. The political framework that Pakistan got inherited from the British had numerous problems. One of the key problem was forming a stable political democratic system, which entailed sculpting the electoral process. The electoral process repetitively fallen short of the expectations of the general masses due to three protracted military authoritarian regimes, frequent accusations of enormous rigging of elections, dynastic parties, and an ever-expanding state with little class mobility. It’s been seventy years for the rulers and political parties to overcome the perennial problem of the country and constitute a stable political framework. The Parliament after consolidating the eight previous legislations regarding elections passed “The Election Act, 2017 to overcome the longstanding demand of election reforms. This research paper will critically analyze the election legal framework particularly Election Act 2017, the drawbacks in the electoral process of Pakistan and the steps that should be taken to systematize the electoral system.
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Chinwuba, E. E., P. N. Okafor, and H. N. Kama. "Using Improved Two-Source Capture-Recapture Methods In Settling Disputed Election Results." African Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 7, no. 4 (2024): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajmss-jvsiawkh.
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Introduction of new technology to check rigging and manipulation of election results by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) raised hopes and dreams of many Nigerians, especially the new electorates, that the 2023 general election in Nigeria would be free and fair. Cross-checking INEC declared election results using this recapture model is supposed go beyond questionnaires. Sampling technique to select polling units where re-run election is to take place is necessary. They have been issues of vote suppression, rigging, manipulation or intimation in those areas would have largely been reduced. The new estimator has shown that there were no serious cases of vote suppression, manipulation or intimation by any political party, as far as this Local Government Area is concerned. If there were vote suppression, it is only about 1.78% which is negligible. Using simulated data, we found that efficient recapture model (Me) provides better and more reliable estimate than the conventional models.
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Ekpo, Tony Johnson, and Augustine Ugar Akah. "Ecowas Election Monitoring and Challenges of Election Security Management in Nigeria - A Post Analysis." Journal of Political Science and International Relationship 1, no. 1 (2023): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/jpsir.v1i1.2007.
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Elections in Nigeria are becoming a recurring democratic norm and need to be sustained by every stakeholder in the democratic enterprise. However, the political system is not without insurmountable challenges, as national and regional efforts through the Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS seeks to deepen and consolidate Nigeria’s fragile democracy through participatory observer missions at elections. There are pockets of electoral security challenges and calls for synergy between the Nigerian government and respective institutions to deploy more funding and logistics for smooth elections and respect for electoral guidelines by political parties. A post-analysis study of this research shows that Nigeria’s elections are flawed with tampering, violence, vote buying, rigging, manipulation and abuse of voter register and registration process. The study further focused on the challenges of election monitoring by the sub-regional organization and election security management in light of Nigeria’s elections. The study concludes by highlighting key issues that must be addressed to avert electoral security challenges.
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DUTTA, BRIJ MOHAN. "ELECTORAL REFORMS IN INDIA: A LOOK BACK AND A WAY FORWARD." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education 09, no. 01 (2018): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/tercomat.2018.v09i01.400-407.
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In recent decades, the funding of elections has grown to be a significant concern. It is generally accepted that the price of contesting elections has increased well beyond the permitted expenditure thresholds. This has led to a lack of transparency, rampant corruption, and the prevalence of so-called "black money." A variety of concerns related to election administration also require attention. Elections are difficult to hold because of the enormous size of the electorate, but this should not be used as an excuse for problems like booth capturing, voter intimidation, falsified voter registration records, widespread election rigging, other irregularities at the polls, the prevalence of ineffective candidates, and the misuse of religion and caste to influence voters. This paper provides a list of potential remedies to these issues. The proliferation of insignificant parties, the recognition and de-recognition procedures, the disclosure of political parties' assets and liabilities, and the auditing and publication of those assets and liabilities are all significant issues that are addressed in this paper with regard to the role of political parties in the electoral system. This background paper's goals are to review some of the most important problems with our electoral system and to quickly look at the proposals made in this respect by several previous committees. In order to enhance our electoral system, significant adjustments must be made, and it is intended that this background paper will serve as a springboard for a fresh national conversation on these issues.
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UGWUIBE, Onyemaechi C., Chigozie F. UGWUANYI, Chukwudike UDENZE, and Ngozi O. IHEJIRIKA. "Election Administration in Nigeria: A Critique of the 2019 General Elections." Nigerian Journal of Peace, Development & Humanitarian Affairs 1, no. 1 (2021): 51–66. https://doi.org/10.53982/njpdha.2021.0103-n.
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Prior to the 2019 general elections in Nigeria, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) had conducted five quadrennial general elections from 1999-2015. The 2019 elections were characterised by various anomalies which include but not limited to widespread rigging through multiple registrations, alteration of results at collation centres, etc. Hence, this study examines election administration in Nigeria with particular emphasis on 2019 general elections. Data for the study were basically selected from both primary and secondary sources. The study identified that poor operational logistics, weak institutional framework on the side of INEC among others, still remain a major challenge in the administration of the 2019 general elections. The paper recommends among others that adequate digitalisation of the electoral process is a necessity to prevent the possibility of street thugs destroying ballot boxes and votes, and forestalling postponement of subsequent elections in the future.
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Lynge, Halfdan. "Electoral manipulation in the Grey Zone: evidence from Ghana’s parliamentary elections in 2008 and 2012." Journal of African Elections 22, no. 2 (2022): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2023/v22i2a7.
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Electoral manipulation undermines the function of elections as a mechanism of representation and accountability, and erodes public trust in government institutions; however, our theoretical understanding of its causes is still limited. Research has focused on the blunter forms of electoral manipulation. Less attention has been given to the more subtle forms, although these are more common. This paper investigates one type of subtle electoral manipulation: miscounting, meaning election officers who selectively reject ballots during the counting. It suggests that miscounting (one of the ways in which political candidates can rig elections) is characterised by low risks and high direct costs. On one hand, it is almost invisible, embedded in the sociocultural norms and practices surrounding elections in many African countries. On the other, it is expensive, requiring large amounts of patronage to co-opt election officers. This makes miscounting attractive only to incumbents who fear electoral defeat and have deep clientelist networks. The paper tests this argument against data from the 2008 and 2012 parliamentary elections in Ghana. It shows that the number of ballot rejections is positively correlated with the number of years the party of the incumbent MP has held the constituency seat, but negatively correlated when this variable is interacted with the win-margin in the last parliamentary election. This pattern is consistent with the model, supporting the argument that the effect of electoral uncertainty on miscounting is conditional. When MPs do not have resources at their disposal, they choose other types of electoral manipulation or opt out of electoral rigging altogether.
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Okolie, Ugo Chuks. "BVAS, IReV and Democratic Elections in Nigeria." Pinisi Journal of Social Science 2, no. 3 (2024): 84. https://doi.org/10.26858/pjss.v2i3.58715.
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The BVAS is a technological tool used to identify and accredit voters' fingerprints and facial recognition prior to voting, whereas the IReV is an online portal where polling unit level results are uploaded, transmitted, and published for the public. The public can set up individual accounts at the online portal's front end, giving them access to all uploaded results stored as PDF files. The public will be more confident in the process and transparency will increase if results are made available down to the polling unit level. Despite the promises of new technologies, dishonest INEC officials used a single button click to steal, rig, and annul voter decisions in elections. In light of this, this study evaluated the performance of BVAS and other new electoral technologies and innovations in the Nigerian general elections of 2023. Qualitative research design and content analysis was used in this study. The study comes to the conclusion that while INEC deployed BVAS and other new electoral technologies and innovations to improve electoral integrity and inspire public confidence in the electoral process, those efforts were not flawless and some INEC officials compromised the electoral process. Undoubtedly, the use of BVAS and other electoral technologies could prevent election rigging and boost public confidence in election results, but some failures in the use of BVAS and IReV have been noted. Therefore, this study recommends among others that the electoral umpire in future general elections should be impartial and nonpartisan. This will ensure that all candidates have an equal chance to win and that Nigerian elections will be held without incident.
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Jayesh Solanki. "Future-Generation Framework for a Blockchain-Powered Election System." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 35s (2025): 393–414. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i35s.6018.
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Integrity and transparency in electoral procedures are essential for the actual functioning of democratic countries. The present voting systems often face numerous issues such as vote rigging, counterfeit ballots, lack of transparency, and inefficiencies. Blockchain-enabled voting systems are promising, but they face challenges in maintaining public trust due to technical concerns, such as transparency, security, privacy, and scalability. The architecture of a Hyperledger-based framework is proposed to design and construct a robust and secure prototype for a blockchain-enabled voting system. Effective algorithms for key electoral processes such as identity management for voter authentication, vote casting, vote counting and vote tallying, using multi-signature validation are deployed. Contemporary cryptographic techniques, such as zero-knowledge proofs, homographic encryption, and digital signatures, ensure that votes are encrypted and anonymized, protecting voter privacy and facilitating a verifiable election process. Through an exploratory work, the recommended prototype using Hyperledger Fabric is compared with conventional electoral systems based on key parameters. This study demonstrates that a blockchain-based election system is able to maintain the integrity and efficiency of state-of-the-art technology by recommending a robust and secure prototype for conducting transparent and verifiable elections.
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Adesiyan, Emmanuel Ayobami. "Digitization of Electoral Process and` Democratic Consolidation: A Case of Ekiti and Osun State, Southwest, Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IV (2023): 1530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7527.
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Liberal Democratic theorists have established a strong link between Democracy and Election. A high premium is thus placed on the integrity of election in the democratic project. In Nigeria, attempts at strengthening and consolidating democracy have always been frustrated by electoral fraud ranging from rigging, ballot snatching, unauthorized announcement of elections, illegal thumb-printing and most recently, vote buying. To arrest this she nanigan, the Country’s electoral rules introduced the use of Smart Card Reader as a technological innovation into the electoral process in 2015. A further step in this initiative was the introduction of the use of Bimodal Voters Accreditation System and Electronic Transmission of Result in the Electoral Act, 2022. This paper examines the use and consequences of the technology on Nigeria’s democratic future as demonstrated in the 2022 Ekiti and Osun governorship elections. It relies principally on secondary data generated from documented evidence of local and international election observers, archival materials, journals and texts. The content analyses revealed that there was effective deployment of Bimodal Voters Accreditation System (BVAS) in the conduct of the two 2022 gubernatorial elections with minimal challenges in their functionality. This facilitated prompt release of the election results. Digitization and transmission of election results, if properly administered have the prospect of guaranteeing increased security of election and encouraging increased voters’ turnout as a result of perceived guarantee of electoral integrity. This portends good prospect for Nigeria’s democratic stability and institutionalization in future polls.
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Nwosu, Juliana Ngozi, and Obiageli Ngozi Chukwudi. "Perceived Impact of Technological Devices in checking electoral malpractices in Nigeria elections." Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 11, no. 10 (2023): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjahss.2013/vol11n104957.
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The research work focused on perceived impact of technological devices in checking electoral malpractices in Nigeria elections. A survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study is made up of politicians and citizens of Nigeria from the six geo-political zones. Simple random sampling technique was used to determine the sample for the study. Fifty respondents were sampled from each geo-political zone making a total of three hundred (300) respondents. This sampling technique gives each member of the population equal chance of being selected. The instrument for data collection is the questionnaire which has eighteen (18) items designed to elicit information on perceived impact of technological devices in checking electoral malpractices in Nigeria elections. The instrument was validated by two experts in political science at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State. The mean was used to analyse the data collected. The findings of the study showed that deployment and use of technological devices in Nigeria elections reduced election rigging, shows accurate records of accredited voters, minimizes the volume of election litigation, distinguishes actual voters from fake voters, and ensures a considerable degree of free and fair elections. The findings also showed that the measures to put in place for conduct of free and fair elections in Nigeria are deployment and use of technological devices, electoral reforms, improvement of electoral infrastructures, strengthening electoral security, voters’ education among others. Conclusion and relevant recommendations were made.
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Onapajo, Hakeem. "Violence and Votes in Nigeria: The Dominance of Incumbents in the Use of Violence to Rig Elections." Africa Spectrum 49, no. 2 (2014): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971404900202.
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Which party uses violence to influence election outcomes? There are two existing perspectives that have offered responses to this critical question. One is a more popular position indicating that the incumbent party, more than the opposition party, makes use of violence with the aim of rigging elections; the other is a more radical perspective that suggests that electoral violence is more associated with the weakest party than with the incumbent. This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate and to advance the argument suggesting the dominance of the incumbent in the use of violence to rig elections. With evidence sourced from well-trusted reports from independent election monitors, this paper shows with case studies from Nigeria at different electoral periods that, in terms of influencing election outcomes, the incumbent has been more associated with violence during elections than the opposition. It is further argued in the paper that the existing nature of executive power in Nigeria provides a plausible explanation for the incumbent's violence during elections.
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CHAITANYA, KRISHNA, and BABA M.A KHADAR. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ELCTRONIC VOTING SYSTEM USING FINGER PRINT AND ZIG-BEE." COMPUSOFT: An International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology 02, no. 09 (2013): 291–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14613352.
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Now-a-days voting process is exercised by using EVM (Electronic voting Machine). The very common problem, rigging which can be faced in every electoral procedure. One candidate can cast the vote of all members or of some other members in electoral list illegally. This results in the loss of votes for other contestants. There is some scope of work in EVM, because there is no way of identification by EVM whether the user is authentic or not. To replace this system, a novel approach is introduced i.e.., EVM added with a finger print verifier. By this way, a single person can vote only once and also bogus voting is eliminated since it is impossible to replicate the finger print of a person. In this paper, Zig-Bee technology is used for wireless sensor data communication. The results will be updated in Master device i.e. (personal computer) through Zig-Bee.The Master device is operated by election officer.
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Weston, Mr Chidyausiku, Dr Webster Chihambakwe, and Mr Taruvinga Muzingili. "Electoral Authoritarianism and Election Rigging in Relation to Human Rights Violations: The Role of Revolutionary Political Parties in Four SADC Countries (Zimbabwe, DRC, Tanzania, and Mozambique)." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science IX, no. II (2025): 4152–61. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.9020324.
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This study examined the phenomenon of electoral authoritarianism in Zimbabwe, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania, and Mozambique, focusing on how revolutionary political parties maintain power through manipulative electoral practices and human rights violations. It highlighted the historical context of these parties, which emerged from liberation movements, and their subsequent shift towards authoritarianism. The researchers used desk review methodology. The research identified key strategies employed by these regimes, including electoral manipulation, suppression of dissent, and control of media narratives. Furthermore, the study emphasized the detrimental effects of these practices on democratic institutions and civil society, leading to widespread human rights abuses. From a social work perspective, the findings underscore the importance of community empowerment and advocacy for social justice as essential components in combating electoral authoritarianism. The study concluded with recommendations for strengthening democratic governance, enhancing civil society engagement, and promoting human rights protections, emphasizing the collaborative role of social workers and international actors in fostering resilient democracies in the region.
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Olutayo, A. Adebayo, Daniel Ikuomola Adediran, and D. Adeoye Beatrice. "ELECTIONEERING PROCESS AND MANIFESTATION OF VIOLENCE AND CRIMINALITY: A CASE STUDY OF OYE EKITI IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA." Annals of the University of Craiova for Journalism, Communication and Management 10, no. 1 (2024): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15250681.
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Since Nigeria's independence, elections have been a highly contentious affair characterized by violence and criminality that has discouraged peace-loving and change-thirsty Nigerians from exercising their voting rights. The use of coercion, rigging, and vote buying among other veritable tools by political actors to seize power or mandate disenfranchises and alienates the electorates. Despite considerable measures taken by the government and the hapless citizenry to nick electoral violence in the bud, it appears that this multifaceted problem has not been tackled holistically; therefore the menace remains unabated. Thus this study examines electioneering processes, manifestation of violence and criminality: a case study conducted on 200 respondents selected in totality with 66 based on three areas (Irare, Idofin & Egbe) in oye local government who are reproductive age adults by unravelling major catalysts fostering electoral violence/criminality; evaluating various implications on the electoral process while examining various efforts made towards stemming the rise in electoral violence/criminality within Oye-Ekiti. Data was collected through structured questionnaires using the Cluster Sampling Technique to select participants. Findings revealed major causes for electoral violence/criminality are political will (82.5%), proliferation of small arms/light weapons (80.5%), vote buying (78.5%) & and result manipulation (64.5%). The majority disagreed with hate speech being a significant cause. Furthermore, findings showed that an overwhelming (73%) acknowledged that Electoral Violence/Criminality does affect voter turnout while only an infinitesimal (17%) disagreed. The study recommends urgent action be taken such as re-orientating voters via formal/informal institutions against the cancerous octopus "vote-buying", neutrality of security personnel deployed during the election process along strong legislation against the proliferation of illegal arms currently circulating our society.
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Fernando, M. N. V., and J. PH C. Melanka. "Use of RFID Technology to Enhance Electoral Integrity." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. IV (2024): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1104052.
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As the first democratic nation in South Asia, Sri Lanka continues to conduct elections using the traditional paper-based process. The main disadvantages of this procedure are its dependence on human resources, high printing costs, and inefficient vote counting. This research proposes the implementation of an RFID – based voting system to replace the current paper-based election system with paperless electronic voting systems. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a popular method for automatic identification and data capture that uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify, and track tags attached to objects. In this system, each registered voter will have a separate voter identity card with an RFID tag printed on it. During the election, the RFID reader module senses the RFID tags with voter ID. After receiving the voter ID from the RFID reader, the IC compares the ID, and if the data matches the already stored information, the voter is allowed to cast his vote. The admin panel has a different ID, and they have authority to see the results, reset the voting results, add a new registered user, remove a registered user, reset all users, and reset all results. If the voter is not authorized the buzzer alarm will ring to inform them that the person is not allowed to vote. The implementation of this system helps to minimize the possibility of rigging in elections, reduce the probability of causing human error, and eliminate the need to do manual work.
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Okokpujie, Kennedy, John Abubakar, Samuel John, Etinosa Noma-Osaghae, Charles Ndujiuba, and Imhade Princess Okokpujie. "A secured automated bimodal biometric electronic voting system." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 10, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v10.i1.pp1-8.
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Insecurity, rigging and violence continue to mar electoral processes in developing nations. It has been difficult to enforce security and transparency in the voting process. This paper proposes a secure and automated bimodal voting system. The system uses three security layers, namely, a unique ID code, a token passcode that expires every five minutes and biometrics (iris and fingerprint). A scanner captures the fingerprint and iris of eligible voters. The fingerprint and iris images stored along with the corresponding particulars in a database. The software implemented is a .net managed code in C#. The result of this system shows the system is transparent, fast and fraud-free. The proposed method had a failure to enroll (FTE) and a failure to capture (FTC) of zero.
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Kennedy, Okokpujie, Abubakar John, John Samuel, Noma-Osaghae Etinosa, Ndujiuba Charles, and Princess Okokpujie Imhade. "A secured automated bimodal biometric electronic voting system." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 10, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v10.i1.pp1-8.
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Insecurity, rigging and violence continue to mar electoral processes in developing nations. It has been difficult to enforce security and transparency in the voting process. This paper proposes a secure and automated bimodal voting system. The system uses three security layers, namely, a unique ID code, a token passcode that expires every five minutes and biometrics (iris and fingerprint). A scanner captures the fingerprint and iris of eligible voters. The fingerprint and iris images stored along with the corresponding particulars in a database. The software implemented is a .net managed code in C#. The result of this system shows the system is transparent, fast and fraud-free. The proposed method had a failure to enroll (FTE) and a failure to capture (FTC) of zero.
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Nortey, Ezekiel Nii Noi, Kwame Asah-Asante, Richard Minkah, and Edmund Fosu-Agyemang. "Bayesian Estimation of Presidential Elections in Ghana: A Validation Approach." African Journal of Applied Statistics 9, no. 1 (2022): 1297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.16929/ajas/2022.1297.269.
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Elections are one of the barometers through which electorates measure the performance of governments and decide whether to renew their mandate or not. The success of every election goes a long way to strengthen the frontiers of a country's democracy and provide legitimacy for those who hold political power. However, the electoral process of many African countries has been challenged in courts or allegations of fraud and vote rigging are leveled against the winning party or candidate. Therefore, there is the need for a statistical method for checking and validating election results to ascertain fraud and vote rigging claims. Existing validation methods include the Parallel Vote Tabulation methodology. However, some significant disadvantages of this approach are issues of cost, sampling techniques and sample size determination. To overcome these, this study resorts to using the Dirichlet multinomial Bayesian model to compute posterior probabilities of valid votes cast and Bayesian credible intervals to ascertain the legitimacy of the votes cast. Using the Ghana general elections in 2020, the fitted Bayesian model accurately predicted approximately 99% of the proportion of votes obtained by New Patriotic Party, National Democratic Congress and all Other Political Parties. Also, the valid votes received by all the political parties fall within the Bayesian credible intervals indicating that the credibility of the 2020 presidential elections held in Ghana may not be in doubt.
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Namayengo, Lydiah, Rogers Barigayomwe, and Mbabazi Mbabazize. "E-Engaging on Electoral democracy in Uganda: A Correlational Study." International Journal of Geopolitics and Governance 2, no. 1 (2023): 36–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/ijgg.2.1.1274.
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Limited citizen participation in elections, politics, and leadership remains a governance challenge globally especially in Low developed countries like Uganda. Citizens have over time through traditional methods, been encouraged to participate in elections; however, without internet use, no meaningful participation may be achieved. Electoral democracy has been one of the cornerstones of democracy all over the world. Without free, inclusive, fair, transparent, open, and credible elections being conducted, with meaningful representation of the people, the power of the people cannot be achieved. The objective/ purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine the effect of E-Engaging on Electoral democracy in Uganda. This study took both the quantitative paradigm and qualitative approach, thus the adoption of mixed methods research in order to capture the conflicting ideas of reality with more focus on the quantitative approach. A correlational research design was adopted and a sample size of 472 respondents was selected. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient tests were used for the hypotheses. The results show that there exists a statistically significant and positive association between E-engaging and electoral democracy, based on Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The study recommends that there is a need to design easily downloadable mobile applications that can be utilised for online campaigns, online voter education and online voting. These should however, be first sampled like in a university election before being used in a general election to rule out their effectiveness and efficiency. These should also have internal security systems designed for the security of the ballot papers if it is for online voting in order to reduce the levels of voter bribery, ballot stuffing, delayed delivery of electoral materials and vote rigging.
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Muyambo, Edmore, and Stacey O. Baror. "Digital Forensic Readiness Model for Internet Voting." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 22, no. 1 (2023): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.22.1.1186.
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Voting is an exercise of choosing a preferred candidate through a process called an election. In many countries, this exercise is a basic human right. In every election process, there are some pre-requisite processes and procedures which must be set up first. These are essential in the pre-vote-casting stage, during vote-casting and post-vote-casting stage. Electoral disagreements amongst stakeholders and parties of interest are usually experienced in each of the above-mentioned voting process stages. The main points of conflict in an election process are vote rigging and vote fraud. Failure to amicably mitigate these issues can result in a criticised/rejected election result. Therefore, this research aims to address the problem of vote rigging and vote fraud allegations in an election process. The resolution thereof is achieved through the introduction of an online based voting system which is supported by a digital forensic readiness mechanism. Online voting system gives citizens the flexibility to use internet-enabled devices such as cell phones and laptops to cast their votes in a safe, secrete and secure protocol. To address the problem of vote rigging and vote fraud, the online voting system is integrated with cyber security and vote protection mechanisms. The cyber security and vote protection mechanism is based on Blockchain algorithms. A Blockchain-based voting process is a peer-to-peer mechanism where a decentralised database is used to store data. Tokens move directly from one peer (voter) to another peer (candidate). The results are tallied by counting the number of tokens paid to each candidate. Each voter is allocated a Bitcoin token and each candidate is allocated a Bitcoin address. During vote casting, the voter transfers their Bitcoin token into the wallet of a registered candidate. At the end of the voting process, the total number of Bitcoin tokens transferred to each candidate is counted and tallied up. The wallet is loaded with only one Bitcoin token, hence there is no possibility of double voting. The model ensures vote security, anonymity, auditability, accountability, accuracy and uniqueness.
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Udenta, Nkiruka C., and Jude Okezie Emmanuel Udenta. "Political Apathy in 2023 General Elections in Nigeria: A Case Study of Enugu State, Nigeria." IAA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 10, no. 1 (2024): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/iaajss/2024/101.65.78000.
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This study examined political apathy and 2023 general elections in Nigeria using Enugu state as a case study.The study raised two specific questions which were: What are the various factors responsible for political apathy in the 2023 general election in Enugu state? How has government interference contributed to political apathy during the 2023 general elections in Enugu State? The study was anchored on the class analysis theory. Using ex-post facto design the study adopted thematic content analysis to examine political apathy and 2023 general elections in Enugu. The study therefore, concluded that there are various factors responsible for political apathy in the 2023 general election in Enugu state and government interference contributed to political apathy during the 2023 general elections in Enugu State. The researcher recommended that state governments should ensure to leave up to the promises of good governance made to the people. All factors that lead to political apathy must be checkmated. Enforceable legislations against election rigging, violence, thuggery, godfatherism and the like should be put into practice. Good governance will ensure, justice, fairness, equity and inclusion for all. All federal government agencies charged with voter education like National Orientation Agency (NOA), INEC, and Ministry of Information should sustain political education at all levels of the society. Political apathy is not the solution to electoral problems rather it endangers the electoral system more. Popular participation in elections will help reduce the influence of godfathers during elections thus creating room for the emergence of credible leaders through a credible election process. Keywords: Apathy; Political Apathy, Elections; Electoral Fraud and Violence
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OBIOKAFOR, IFEYINWA NKEMDILIM, Obiageli Chineze Ojibah, and Fidelis C. Obodoeze. "Enhanced Automated Biometric Web-Based Electronic Voting System for Nigeria." International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science 3, no. 4 (2018): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4642363.
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Nigeria’s electoral system has been fraught with several challenges from the time of changing from manual accreditation/voting to electronic voters’ accreditation/voting since March 2015. Prior to 2015, Nigeria has tried several voters’ registration and voting system, not limited to the manual open-ballot option-A4 brought about by the then General Ibrahim Babangida Administration in the 1990s or the secret ballot voting system introduced later by successive electoral commissions. Despite transiting from manual-based voters accreditation to electronic-based voters accreditation via the use of smart card reader (SCR) and Permanent Voter Card (PVC) in 2015 general elections introduced by then INEC Chairman Prof. Attahiri Jega, there are still issues relating to rigging, malfunctioning of the smart card readers, electoral violence, snatching of ballot papers, vote-buying, falsification of poll results, disenfranchisement of eligible registered voters and so on. All these anomalies still cast aspersion on the integrity of elections conducted by INEC – the Nigeria’s electoral umpire. This paper attempts to identify the problems associated with the Nigeria’s current electronic accreditation using biometric smart card readers (SCRs) and Permanent voters’ cards (PVCs) and subsequent manual(offline) voting. This paper introduced automated online/web-based voting system integrated with biometric authentication system to identify or accredit genuine registered voters. This new innovation will enable eligible voters to vote from anywhere irrespective of the electoral ward or polling unit they registered in. This new voting system will save cost, reduces ballot box snatching, vote buying and mass thumb printing; it will discourage bribery, corruption and electoral fraud amongst others. This innovation will give more chance for all registered voters to vote from any location using computers or devices connected to the internet. This can make the result of voting from several polling units to be collated simultaneously and in realtime and give authentic and accurate result devoid of bias and manipulation. This system was implemented using Java Server Pages (JSP), HTML with Tomcat web server for testing. This system worked fine according to system’s specification and functionality.
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Saeed, Muhammad Usman. "Political speeches and media agenda: electoral rigging movement — 2013 as a building factor of media agenda in Pakistan." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 24 (2020): 2436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v13i24.387.
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Tronvoll, Kjetil. "Voting, violence and violations: peasant voices on the flawed elections in Hadiya, Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Modern African Studies 39, no. 4 (2001): 697–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x01003743.
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This article presents peasant grievances on the flawed 2000 elections in Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia. For the first time in Ethiopia's electoral history, an opposition party managed to win the majority of the votes in one administrative zone. In the run-up to the elections, government cadres and officials intimidated and harassed candidates and members from the opposition Hadiya National Democratic Organisation (HNDO). Several candidates and members were arrested and political campaigning was restricted. On election day, widespread attempts at rigging the election took place, and violence was exerted in several places by government cadres and the police. Despite the government's attempt to curtail and control the elections in Hadiya, the opposition party mobilised the people in a popular protest to challenge the government party's political hegemony – and won. If this is an indication of a permanent shift of power relations in Hadiya, it is however, too early to say.
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Shaykh Ahmad, Yahya, та Yusuph Dauda Gambari. "Institutionalization of Ḥisbah: A Means to Achieve Peaceful and Credible Elections in Nigeriaa". Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies 8, № 1 (2024): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/hayula.008.01.04.
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The important pillar of the so-called democracy, which is an election, has been violent and marked by problems ranging from rigging, vote buying, illegal printing of voters’ cards, illegal possession of ballot boxes, stuffing of ballot boxes, underage voting, and falsification of election results to manipulation of results in Nigeria. Thus, the Nigerian experience with elections since independence has been quite challenging despite that conduct of elections is the only acceptable means through which the citizens of a democratic country can choose their representatives. This paper therefore appraises one of the important institutions introduced by Islam to cater to the promotion of good and prohibition of evil (ḥisbah) in society with a view to underline the importance of its institutionalization to stem the menace of electoral malpractices in Nigeria. The reason is that the institution of ḥisbah was successfully deployed during the classical periods of Islam to arrest cases of cheating in the marketplaces as well as the public dispositions. The study employs a qualitative research methodology based on literature review. Data collected from a variety of books, periodicals, and other sources, were then subjected to analysis. The findings of the study reveal that the electoral malpractices that characterized the past elections will be overcome and credible elections will be achieved if ḥisbah is institutionalized in the country. It concludes that the advocacy for its introduction in Nigeria is not an attempt to Islamize the country but a yearning call for the injection of an efficient institution that can change the narrative of electoral fraud in Nigeria as it was practiced in the Northern part of the country before its colonization.
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El-Ghobashy, Mona. "THE METAMORPHOSIS OF THE EGYPTIAN MUSLIM BROTHERS." International Journal of Middle East Studies 37, no. 3 (2005): 373–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743805052128.
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Jihane al-Halafawi's small apartment above a barbershop in Alexandria is exceedingly orderly, a cool oasis on a sweltering summer afternoon. Plant leaves brush up against curtains undulating with the breeze from the nearby Mediterranean. As she walks into the living room with a tray full of cakes and tea, al-Halafawi is the picture of a kindly Egyptian mother, a genuine smile gracing her youthful face. But when this fifty-year-old mother of six and grandmother announced her candidacy for Egypt's parliamentary elections in fall 2000, the state geared up a massive security force outside polling stations; leftists shrugged her off as a “front” for her husband; and state feminists dedicated to the electoral empowerment of women were silent. When Halafawi outperformed her ruling-party rival in the first round, despite rigging, the Interior Ministry promptly stepped in and canceled the results on the pretext of respecting an earlier court ruling postponing the elections.
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Jaiswar, Namrata, Soham Deodhar, Harish Gupta, and Prof Dnyaneshwar Kapse. "E -Voting System using Blockchain." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (2023): 2090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.50618.
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Abstract: Designing a voting system that ensures fairness, privacy, and security is a significant challenge. The lack of trust in election systems among large sections of society worldwide is a major concern for democracy. Flawed voting systems pose a threat to democracies, including governing bodies, co-operating societies, and student councils. Vote rigging, hacking of electronic voting machines (EVMs), election manipulation, and booth capturing are the key issues with the current electoral system. To address these issues, we propose using novel technologies such as blockchain and Merkel trees, which are wellknown for their security benefits. Our system builds on popular blockchain frameworks that provide blockchain as a service, while preserving participants' anonymity and enabling public scrutiny. Blockchain is a unique technology of our time that promises to enhance the resilience of digital voting platforms. It presents an opportunity to leverage the benefits of blockchain, such as cryptographic foundations and transparency, to achieve an efficient digital voting system.
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Sinclair, Betsy, Steven S. Smith, and Patrick D. Tucker. "“It’s Largely a Rigged System”: Voter Confidence and the Winner Effect in 2016." Political Research Quarterly 71, no. 4 (2018): 854–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912918768006.
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The 2016 presidential election provided a unique opportunity to revisit two competing hypotheses for how voters establish their perceptions of electoral integrity. First, mass public opinion is believed to derive from elite messages. In the 2016 presidential campaign, candidate Donald Trump maintained that the election system was “rigged,” while election administration experts and officials received considerable media coverage in their efforts to counter Trump’s claims. Second, literature on voter confidence has established a “winner effect”—voters who cast ballots for winners are more likely than voters on the losing side to believe their vote was counted correctly. Thus, voters were exposed to two theoretically opposite effects. In this paper, we find that the “winner” effect mitigates the effects from strong pre-election cues from elites. We also show the effect of pre-election attention to the rigging issue, find a symmetry of the election outcome effect for winners and losers, and reconsider our explanations of the winner effect. Finally, we go beyond the existing studies of the winner effect to consider the kind of citizens who are most susceptible to that effect.
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Bassey, Okon Bassey Bassey, Chimaobi Okorie, Osaji Nsagha Nkang, et al. "Monetizing Politics in Nigeria's Democratic Fourth Republic: Delegates as a Commercialized Political Tool and a Flawed Candidate/Leadership Selection Process against the 2023 Election." African Journal of Empirical Research 4, no. 1 (2023): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet4.1.4.
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The paper seeks to examine the extent to which the Nigerian democratic Fourth Republic has been bastardized by money politics. There were widespread expectations that the arrival of democracy in Nigeria on May 29, 1999, would usher in an era of free and fair elections, tolerance, respect for human rights, and the strengthening of all democratic edifices (courts, civil society, a corrupt-free and independent judiciary, people-oriented development, and so on). Unfortunately, the fourth republic became ensnared in a web of protracted political, economic, and social maladies. One of these has been the pernicious issue of undemocratic methods of leadership selection and election, which have been rife with anomalies such as rigging, thugs, vote-buying, assassination, and so on. This has manifested itself in the current 2022 primary elections in Nigeria in preparation for the 2023 general election. The situation gets worse and more deplorable as the delegates who are vested with the constitutional powers to select those to run for the presidency in 2023 have been transformed into a political nightmare as huge amounts of foreign currency flood the entire process of the primary election. Based on this, the study interrogated the delegate system and how it aided the flourishing of flawed electoral processes for leadership selection, considering the overbearing tenets of money politics. The paper used a qualitative research methodology because the data was primarily obtained from secondary sources: textbooks, journal publications, internet materials, and magazines. Content analysis was used to analyze secondary data. The study discusses some technical and constitutional provisions concerning party formation, the place of the delegate in Nigeria's electoral processes, party primaries, and candidates who contested the primaries of the two major political parties, etc., before discussing issues of money politics and how delegates became a thorn in the country's electoral processes and candidate selection. The investment theory of politics and party competition was explored. The study discovered that the delegate system continues to be anathema to quality and visionary leadership, leading to its abolition and the adoption of a more inclusive and concessional approach.
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Kankara, Mahidhara Reddy. "Encrypted e-Voting System using IoT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (2021): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37973.
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Abstract: Elections make a fundamental contribution to democratic governance but a lack of trust among citizens on their electoral system is a hindrance to satisfy the legal requirements of legislators. Even the world’s largest democratic countries suffer from issues like vote rigging, election manipulation and hacking of the electronic voting machines in the current voting system. To provide data security for e-Voting systems, the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm has been proposed, but traditional AES gives the same ciphertext for every similar pair of key and plaintext. So, to eliminate these disadvantages, AES in Galois-counter mode (GCM) has been used to obtain different ciphertexts all the time by using Initialization Vector. The fingerprint data from each user is verified using Internet of Things (IoT) based Biometric system which also helps to avoid Plural Voting. The whole data is encrypted and stored in the cloud, and it can be decrypted by authorized personnel to obtain the final vote count. So, the proposed model will enhance transparency and maintain anonymity of the voters alongside providing an easily accessible secured voting system. Keywords: Advanced encryption standard, initialization vector, additional authenticated data, galois-counter mode, biometrics, security, ciphertext, authtag
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Amoah, Michael. "Sleight is right: Cyber control as a new battleground for African elections." African Affairs 119, no. 474 (2019): 68–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adz023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Sleight of hand in manipulating the computation of results has become the new might for deciding who wins presidential elections. It appears that whoever controls the computation exercises a right to take advantage and win, and whoever loses or relinquishes control of the computation loses the election. As incumbents do not want to be identified with direct interference or rigging, hacking has become an alternative means. This raises a serious challenge for election management bodies (EMBs) and a new frontier for international observation. As electronic data management has become a key battleground, international observers cannot restrict their monitoring to the manual process alone. However, individual states may have data sensitivity concerns about granting electronic monitoring access to partisan international observers. Institutionalizing internationally agreed protocols that would allow real-time monitoring of EMBs’ computer systems by international observers or forensic audits of any stage of the electoral process to investigate interference, manipulation, hacking, and counter claims, is now a necessity. At the same time, the extent to which international monitors can be trusted to be non-partisan is of equal importance and could reduce forum shopping over time.