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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric- and magnetic-dipole transitions'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Papoušek, Dušan. "Forbidden transitions in molecular vibrational-rotational spectroscopy." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 10 (1989): 2555–630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19892555.

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A review is given of the forbidden ( more precisely: perturbation allowed) transistions between molecular vibrational-rotational states including transistions which are induced by the electric dipole and quadrupole moments and the magnetic dipole moment. The basic theory of these transistions is outlined starting with the overall symmetry selection rules, followed by the discussion of the spin statistics isomers, approximate selection rules for the usual vibrational-rotational transistions, and forbidden transistions induced by the electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole moments. Forbidden transistions due to the vibrationally and rotationally induced electric dipole moments are the discussed in detail for symmetric top and spherical top molecules with the emphasis on the physical nature of the various phenomena leading to these transistions. A summary is also given of the most important experimental work on the forbidden transistions in diatomic molecules and polar as well as nonpolar polyatomics.

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2

Ratzek, R., U. E. P. Berg, C. Blasing, A. Jung, S. Schennach, R. Stock, F. J. Urban, and H. Wickert. "Electric and magnetic dipole transitions to bound states inPb206." Physical Review Letters 56, no. 6 (February 10, 1986): 568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.56.568.

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3

Hamasha, S. M., A. S. Shlyaptseva, and U. I. Safronova. "E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions in the nickel isoelectronicsequence." Canadian Journal of Physics 82, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p04-007.

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A relativistic many-body method is developed to calculate energy and transition rates for multipole transitions in many-electron ions. This method is based on relativistic many-body perturbation theory (RMBPT), agrees with MCDF calculations in lowest order, includes all second-order correlation corrections, and includes corrections from negative-energy states. Reduced matrix elements, oscillator strengths, and transition rates are calculated for electric-dipole (E1) and electric-quadrupole (E2) transitions, and magnetic-dipole (M1) and magnetic-quadrupole (M2) transitions in Ni-like ions with nuclear charges ranging from Z = 30 to 100. The calculations start from a 1s22s22p63s23p63d10 DiracFock potential. First-order perturbation theory is used to obtain intermediate-coupling coefficients, and second-order RMBPT is used to determine the matrix elements. The contributions from negative-energy states are included in the second-order E1, M1, E2, and M2 matrix elements. The resulting transition energies and transition rates are compared with experimental values and withresults from other recent calculations.PACS Nos.: 32.30.Rj, 32.70.Cs, 32.80.Rm, 34.70.+e

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4

Xu, Min. "Calculation of Wavelengths, Transition Probabilities and Oscillator Strengths for E1 and M1 Transitions in Cu-Like Au Ion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 799–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.799.

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Wavelengths, transition probabilities and oscillator strengths have been calculated for electric dipole (E1) transitions and magnetic dipole (M1) transitions in Cu-like Au ion. These values are obtained in the configuration interaction (CI) and using the fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method including quantum electrodynamical (QED) effect and Breit correction. Obtained energy levels of some excited states in Cu-like Au ion from the method are generally in good agreement with valuable theoretical and experimental results. The calculation results indicate that for high-Z highly ionized atom, some forbidden transitions are very important.

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5

Hamasha, S. M., and A. Almashaqba. "Allowed and forbidden transition rates and corresponding wavelengths for Si-like Au ion (Au65+) by relativistic configuration interaction method." Canadian Journal of Physics 96, no. 10 (October 2018): 1116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0851.

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Large-scale atomic calculations are carried out to produce data of atomic structure and transitions rates for Si-like Au ion (Au65+). Generated atomic data are essential for modeling of M-shell spectra of gold ions in Au plasma, and fusion research. Energy levels are calculated by applying two methods: the relativistic configuration interaction method (RCI) of the flexible atomic code (FAC) and the multi-reference many body perturbation theory method (MR-MBPT). Energy levels, oscillator strengths, and transition rates are calculated for transitions between excited and ground states from n = 3l to n′l′, where n′ = 4, 5, 6, and 7; and l and l′ are the proper angular momenta of shells n and n′, respectively. The electric dipole (E1), electric quadrupole (E2), electric octupole (E3), magnetic dipole (M1), magnetic quadrupole (M2), and magnetic octupole (M3) transitions are all considered in the calculations. Correlation effects, relativistic effects, and QED effects are also included in the calculations. The two methods yield comparable values of energy levels. Data of energy levels of low-lying states and data for inner shell transitions reported in this study demonstrate good agreement with published experimental and theoretical data.

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6

Beiersdorfer, P., N. Hell, D. Panchenko, G. V. Brown, E. Träbert, R. L. Kelley, C. A. Kilbourne, and F. S. Porter. "Transition energy measurements of the X-ray lines of neon-like europium." Canadian Journal of Physics 98, no. 3 (March 2020): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2019-0079.

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We report the measurements of the n = 3 → n = 2 L-shell X-ray transitions of neon-like Eu53+. These include all seven allowed electric dipole (E1) transitions, five electric quadrupole (E2) transitions, and one magnetic quadrupole (M2) transition. The measurements were carried out at the EBIT-I electron beam ion trap facility at Livermore using an X-ray calorimeter. The measured values agree with many-body perturbation theory calculations within the experimental uncertainties. This includes the transitions that involve a 2s electron and that are, therefore, strongly affected by quantum electrodynamical effects.

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7

Wybourne, Brian G., Lidia Smentek, and Andrzej Kędziorski. "Borrowing Intensity in Rare Earth Doped Materials; Magnetic Dipole Transitions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70, no. 7 (2005): 905–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20050905.

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A theoretical model of magnetic dipole transitions in crystals doped by the lanthanide ions is based on the fourth-order perturbation theory applied for the Hamiltonian in which two perturbing mechanisms are taken into account. Namely, the impact due to the crystal field potential and also spin-orbit interaction operator is included in the transition amplitude. The analysis is performed in the language of Racah algebra applied for the formulation of the effective operators expressed in terms of unit double tensor operators. The radial integrals of the terms contributing at the fourth order are defined within the perturbed function approach, due to which their values are evaluated for the complete radial basis sets of one-electron states of given symmetry. The numerical analysis performed for the Eu3+ ion provides the information on the relative importance of various effective operators and allows one to establish a hierarchy of important terms contributing to the transition amplitude. The results of the analysis lead also to the verification of possible importance of magnetic dipole transitions in the description of 0 ↔ 0 and 0 ↔ 1 electric dipole transitions via the so-called borrowing mechanism introduced by Wybourne.

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8

Kneissl, U., J. Margraf, H. H. Pitz, P. Von Brentano, R. D. Herzberg, and A. Zilges. "Photoexcitation of magnetic and electric dipole transitions in heavy nuclei." Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 34 (January 1995): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6410(95)00023-c.

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9

Grotch, H., Xingguo Zhang, and K. J. Sebastian. "Electric dipole transitions of charmoniumDstates." Physical Review D 35, no. 9 (May 1, 1987): 2900–2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.35.2900.

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10

Eser, Selda, and Leyla Özdemir. "Electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic dipole (M1) transitions for doubly and triply ionized krypton, xenon, and radon." Canadian Journal of Physics 97, no. 5 (May 2019): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2018-0385.

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We have reported the wavelengths, transition probabilities (or rates), oscillator strengths, and line strengths for forbidden transitions (electric quadrupole, E2, and magnetic dipole, M1) in doubly and triply ionized krypton, xenon, and radon using the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package (GRASP). The results obtained from transitions between the levels of ground state configuration are in agreement with other available results in the literature. The data on forbidden transitions between high levels for these ions have been firstly presented in this work.

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11

Roueff, E., H. Abgrall, P. Czachorowski, K. Pachucki, M. Puchalski, and J. Komasa. "The full infrared spectrum of molecular hydrogen." Astronomy & Astrophysics 630 (September 24, 2019): A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936249.

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Context. The high spectral resolution R ∼ 45 000 provided by IGRINS (Immersion Grating INfrared Spectrometer) at MacDonald Observatory and R ∼ 100 000 achieved by CRIRES (CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph) at VLT (Very Large Telescope) challenges the present knowledge of infrared spectra. Aims. We aim to predict the full infrared spectrum of molecular hydrogen at a comparable accuracy. Methods. We take advantage of the recent theoretical ab initio studies on molecular hydrogen to compute both the electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole transitions taking place within the ground electronic molecular state of hydrogen. Results. We computed the full infrared spectrum of molecular hydrogen at an unprecedented accuracy and derive for the first time the emission probabilities including both electric quadrupole (ΔJ = 0, ±2) and magnetic dipole transitions (ΔJ = 0) as well as the total radiative lifetime of each rovibrational state. Inclusion of magnetic dipole transitions increases the emission probabilities by factors of a few for highly excited rotational levels, which occur in the 3–20 μ range.

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12

Falkovskaya, L. D., Anatoly Yakovlevich Fishman, Valentin Yakovlevich Mitrofanov, and B. S. Tsukerblat. "Faraday Rotation Caused by Mixed Valence Centers in Magnetic Crystals." Solid State Phenomena 168-169 (December 2010): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.168-169.541.

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The peculiarities of the Faraday rotation in the imperfect garnet-type crystals for which the lattice irregularities are represented by the mixed valence clusters of transition metal ions are analyzed. The model takes into account the cubic and low symmetry crystal fields acting on the metal ions and migration of the “extra” hole. The electric dipole transitions in these types of clusters with migrating hole coupled to the spin core through the double exchange mechanism are shown to lead to a significant magnetooptical activity in the visible range of spectrum. The intensity of these transitions can be comparable or higher than those for the magnetic dipole ones in the same range of frequencies.

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13

Khalyavin, Dmitry D., Roger D. Johnson, Fabio Orlandi, Paolo G. Radaelli, Pascal Manuel, and Alexei A. Belik. "Emergent helical texture of electric dipoles." Science 369, no. 6504 (August 6, 2020): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay7356.

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Long-range ordering of magnetic dipoles in bulk materials gives rise to a broad range of magnetic structures, from simple collinear ferromagnets and antiferromagnets, to complex magnetic helicoidal textures stabilized by competing exchange interactions. In contrast, dipolar order in dielectric crystals is typically limited to parallel (ferroelectric) and antiparallel (antiferroelectric) collinear alignments of electric dipoles. Here, we report an observation of incommensurate helical ordering of electric dipoles by light hole doping of the quadruple perovskite BiMn7O12. In analogy with magnetism, the electric dipole helicoidal texture is stabilized by competing instabilities. Specifically, orbital ordering and lone electron pair stereochemical activity compete, giving rise to phase transitions from a nonchiral cubic structure to an incommensurate electric dipole and orbital helix via an intermediate density wave.

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14

Wang, K., S. Li, R. Si, C. Y. Chen, J. Yan, Z. B. Chen, W. Dang, and X. H. Zhao. "Energies, wavelengths, lifetimes, E1, M1, E2, and M2 transitions rates for the sulfur isoelectronic sequence Fe XI, Nb XXVI–In XXXIV." Canadian Journal of Physics 95, no. 4 (April 2017): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2016-0595.

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Energies, wavelengths, lifetimes, oscillator strengths, electric dipole (E1), electric quadrupole (E2), magnetic dipole (M1), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transition rates among the 42 fine structure levels belonging to the 3s23p4, 3s23p33d, and 3s3p5 configurations for S-like Fe and S-like ions with 41 ≤ Z ≤ 49 are calculated using the fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock (MCDF) method. In the calculations, contributions from correlations within the n = 6 complex, Breit interaction, and quantum electrodynamics effects are included. Detailed comparisons are made between the present results and the available experimental and other theoretical data. We found that our calculated energy levels generally agree within ≤0.5% with the experimentally compiled results, and the transition rates agree within ≤12% with other theoretical results for a majority of the transitions. These accurate theoretical data should be beneficial in fusion plasma research and astrophysical applications.

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15

Singh, A. K., Mayank Dimri, Dishu Dawra, Alok K. S. Jha, and Man Mohan. "Accurate study on the properties of spectral lines for Na-like Cr13+." Canadian Journal of Physics 97, no. 4 (April 2019): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2018-0218.

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An extended calculation of energy levels, radiative rates, and lifetimes are reported for sodium-like chromium. Extensive configuration interaction calculations have been performed using general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package (GRASP). The radiative rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths are listed for all electric dipole (E1) transitions. However, for magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions, only radiative rates are listed. The importance of valence–valence (VV) and core–valence (CV) correlation effects in the calculation of energy levels have also been shown. To confirm the accuracy of the present results for energy levels by GRASP, independent calculations have been performed by using Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) and configuration interaction method (CIV3). The accuracy of the present levels, wavelengths, transition rates, and lifetimes are assessed by comparing them to available experimental and other theoretical results. We believe that our extensive results may be beneficial in fusion plasma research and astrophysical investigations and applications.

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16

Enzonga Yoca, Saturnin, and Pascal Quinet. "Radiative Decay Rates for Electric Dipole, Magnetic Dipole and Electric Quadrupole Transitions in Triply Ionized Thulium (Tm IV)." Atoms 5, no. 4 (September 13, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms5030028.

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17

Papp, T., J. Pálinkás, and L. Sarkadi. "Magnetic-quadrupole–electric-dipole mixing inL3x-ray transitions of heavy elements." Physical Review A 42, no. 9 (November 1, 1990): 5452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.42.5452.

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18

Deb, Narayan C., and Alan Hibbert. "Electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole transitions among 3d6levels of Fe III." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 42, no. 6 (March 9, 2009): 065003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/42/6/065003.

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19

Rikken, G. L. J. A., and Y. A. R. R. Kessener. "Local Field Effects and Electric and Magnetic Dipole Transitions in Dielectrics." Physical Review Letters 74, no. 6 (February 6, 1995): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.74.880.

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20

Kingston, A. E., P. H. Norrington, and A. W. Boone. "Spontaneous transition rates for electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions for He-like calcium and sulfur ions." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 35, no. 19 (September 23, 2002): 4077–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/35/19/311.

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21

Shi-Tao, Wang, Zhou Xiao-Hong, Zhang Yu-Hu, Zheng Yong, Liu Min-Liang, Ma Fei, Hu Jun, et al. "Electric-dipole transitions in 165 Er." Chinese Physics C 33, no. 8 (July 28, 2009): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/33/8/006.

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22

Ha, Hoang Manh. "OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF Eu3+ IONS IN LaF3 NANOCRYSTALS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 1A (March 16, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/1a/11810.

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LaF3 nanocrystals doped with different concentrations of Eu3+ ions were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The XRD, luminescence and excitation spectra have been studied at room temperature. The ratio of the 5D0→7F2 electric dipole transition intensity to the 5D0→7F1 magnetic dipole transition intensity (R) was used to evaluate the asymmetry of Eu3+ site. Judd-Ofelt parameters were calculated from emission spectra and were used to predict the radiative properties of 5D0→7FJ transitions also the lifetime of 5D0 level. The small values of Ω2 parameter and R ratio relate to high degree of symmetry of ligand around Eu3+ site in this material.

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23

Chubukov, Dmitry V., Leonid V. Skripnikov, Vasily N. Kutuzov, Sergey D. Chekhovskoi, and Leonti N. Labzowsky. "Optical Rotation Approach to Search for the Electric Dipole Moment of the Electron." Atoms 7, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms7020056.

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The P , T -odd Faraday effect (i.e., rotation of the polarization plane of light propagating through a medium in presence of the external electric field due to P , T symmetry violating interactions) is considered for several atomic species: Ra, Pb, Tl, Hg, Cs, and Xe. Corresponding theoretical simulation of P , T -odd Faraday experiment, with already achieved intracavity absorption spectroscopy characteristics and parameters, is performed. The results show that the magnetic dipole transitions in the Tl and Pb atoms as well as the electric dipole transitions in the Ra, Hg and Cs atoms are favorable for the observation of the P , T -odd Faraday optical rotation. The estimation of the rotation angle of the light polarization plane demonstrates that recently existing boundaries for the electron electric dipole moment can be improved by one-two orders of magnitude.

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24

ZHANG, HONGWEI, LIANHE ZHI, and YUXIAO LI. "BROWNIAN MOTORS BASED ON ELECTRIC DIPOLE INTERACTION." Modern Physics Letters B 17, no. 07 (March 20, 2003): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798490300510x.

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Brownian motors based on electric dipoles interaction are studied. Directed motion is induced by the transitions of the electric dipoles potentials between two states. The stationary probability current of the Brownian motors is evaluated. The current is sensitive to temperature and the values of the transition rates between two states. There are optimal values of temperature and the transition rates for the current, and for a suitable choice of the transition rates the current can be reversed.

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25

Balasubramanian, T. K., V. P. Bellary, and K. Narahari Rao. "Branch intensities in the magnetic dipole rotation–vibration spectrum of the oxygen molecule." Canadian Journal of Physics 72, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1994): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p94-128.

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The theory of branch line strengths for a magnetic dipole rotation–vibration spectrum in a 3Σ diatomic state is discussed in the context of the oxygen molecule. It is argued that, in contradistinction to the electric dipole case, magnetic dipole rovibrational transitions can occur only through indirect mechanisms. One possible mechanism, that of vibration–rotation interaction, is examined in detail and shown to be unimportant at least in a first-order calculation. The departure of the 3Σ state from a pure Born–Oppenheimer state is treated phenomenologically and shown to result in the appearance of two vibronic transition moments, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (the former arising only in the second order), in the branch line strength formulae. The available intensity data on O2 are used to generate an intensity listing for lines in the fundamental band.

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26

Konan, Gülay Günday, and Leyla Özdemir. "Energies and electric dipole transitions for sodium-like gold." Canadian Journal of Physics 94, no. 11 (November 2016): 1167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2015-0805.

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We have reported energies and electric dipole transition parameters, such as transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, line strengths, and wavelengths for Na-like gold (Au68+, Z = 79) using AUTOSTRUCTURE atomic code. Calculations include Breit and QED contributions besides correlation effects. A few of the results have been compared with available theoretical and experimental results in the literature. Our atomic structure data for sodium-like gold are in good agreement with others. Also we have presented new results for electric dipole transitions in sodium-like gold.

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27

Chiu, Ying-Nan, and Lue-Yung Chow Chiu. "An alternative mechanism for spin-forbidden photo-ionization of diatomic molecules and its rotation–electronic selection rules." Canadian Journal of Physics 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-025.

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The spin-forbidden photo-ionization of diatomic molecules is proposed. Spin orbit interaction is invoked resulting in the correction and mixing of the wave functions of different multiplicities. The rotation–electronic selection rules given, but not proven, by Dixit and McKoy for Hund's case a based on the conventional mechanism of electric dipole transition (see Chem. Phys. Lett. 128, 49 (1986) are rederived and expressed in a different format. This new format permits the generalization of the selection rules to other photo-ionization transitions caused by the magnetic dipole, the electric quadrupole, and the two- and three-photon operators. These selection rules, which are for transitions from one specific rotational level of a given Kronig reflection symmetry to another, will help understand rotational branching and the dynamics of interaction in the excited state. They will also help in the selective preparation of well-defined rovibronic states in resonant-enhanced multi-photon ionization processes.

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28

Kassab, Luciana R. P., Diego S. da Silva, and Cid B. de Araújo. "Influence of metallic nanoparticles on electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole transitions of Eu3+ doped germanate glasses." Journal of Applied Physics 107, no. 11 (June 2010): 113506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3431347.

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29

Suzuki, Toshio, H. Sagawa, and Nguyen Van Giai. "Electric dipole transitions between Gamow-Teller and spin-dipole states." Physical Review C 57, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.57.139.

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30

Wörtche, H. J. "On the Structure of Electric-Dipole Transitions." Nuclear Physics A 788, no. 1-4 (May 2007): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.01.045.

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31

Suzuki, T., H. Sagawa, and K. Hagino. "Electric dipole transitions in neutron-rich nuclei." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 67, no. 9 (September 2004): 1674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1806906.

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32

Chen, Ming-Keh. "Electric dipole transitions in helium isoelectronic sequences." Physica Scripta T73 (January 1, 1997): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1997/t73/012.

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33

Gaigalas, G., R. Kisielius, G. Merkelis, and M. Vilkas. "E2 and M1 Transition Probabilities in Ions of the Nitrogen Isoelectronic Sequence Calculated using MBPT." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 155 (1993): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900170251.

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Forbidden electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic dipole (M1) transitions are of extreme importance in astrophysics. Up to now the most extensive calculations for the nitrogen isoelectronic sequence have been done using the method proposed by C.J. Zeippen [1] or in MCHF approximation [2]. To account for electron correlations both these methods use a large list of configurations. We have chosen the stationary many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) [3] for the inclusion of the electron correlations. The calculations have been perfomed in the second order in the complete model space 1s22s2p3+ 1s22p5. Relativistic corrections have been accounted for in the Breit-Pauli approximation. In the Table we present probabilities for electric quadrupole W(E2) and magnetic dipole W(M1) transitions (in s−1), wavelengths λ (in A). The comparision of the results shows that our second order calculation data in the most cases are closer to term-energy corrected ones from [1].

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34

Antypas, D., and D. S. Elliott. "Measurement of weak optical transition moments through two-pathway coherent control." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 2 (February 2014): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2013-0318.

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We present a full description of the (ω, 2ω) two-pathway coherent control interference technique for measurement of weak, highly forbidden optical transitions. We have recently applied this technique to the measurement of the magnetic dipole transition moment M1 of the 6s 2S1/2 → 7s 2S1/2 transition in atomic cesium. We also demonstrate detailed methods by which this technique may be used for measurement of the electroweak-induced parity nonconserving amplitude in atomic cesium. The principal benefits of this technique include reduced systematic errors related to field reversals often encountered in related measurements, reduced interference from adjacent, noninterfering transitions, and the absence of electric quadrupole transitions. We present a critical evaluation of the effects induced by stray fields and other systematic effects.

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35

England, J. P., B. R. Lewis, and S. T. Gibson. "Electronic transition moments for the Herzberg I bands of O2." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1996): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-030.

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Recently published extensive high-resolution measurements of absolute integrated photoabsorption cross sections for rotational lines of the (ν′ = 4–11, ν″ = 0) bands of the O2 Herzberg I system have been fitted using general rotational line-strength formulae for [Formula: see text] transitions. Good fits were obtained using only three independent electronic transition-moment parameters that accounted for transition strength borrowed from electric-dipole-allowed transitions through spin-orbit and orbit-rotation interactions involving both upper and lower states of the transition. Absolute values of transition-moment parameters have been obtained, corresponding to R-centroids from 1.29 to 1.32 Å (1 Å = 10−10 m). Band oscillator strengths derived from the calculated integrated line strengths are in good agreement with most experimental measurements. Principal electronic matrix elements have been estimated by assuming that strength is borrowed from only two electric-dipole-allowed transitions.

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36

Sharma, Rinku, and Paijwar Richa. "Spectroscopic study of EUV and SXR spectral lines with partition function and level population of W LVI." Canadian Journal of Physics 99, no. 8 (August 2021): 657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2020-0497.

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We present a comprehensive and elaborate study of W LVI (K-like W55+) by using multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method (MCDF). We have included relativistic corrections, QED (quantum electrodynamics) and Breit corrections in our computation. We have reported energy levels and radiative data for multipole transitions (i.e., electric dipole (E1), electric quadrupole (E2), magnetic dipole (M1), and magnetic quadrupole (M2)) within the lowest 142 fine-structure levels and predicted soft X-ray transition (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet transitions (EUV) from higher excited states to the ground state. We have compared our calculated data with energy levels compiled by NIST and other available results in the literature and the small discrepancies found with them are discussed. Because only a few of the lowest levels are available in the literature, for checking excitation energies of higher excited states we have performed the same calculations with the distorted wave method. Furthermore, we have also provided relative population for the first five excited states, with both the partition function and thermodynamic quantities for W LVI and studied their variations with temperature. We believe that our reported new atomic data of W LVI may be useful in identification and analysis of spectral lines from various astrophysical and fusion plasma sources and may also be beneficial in plasma modeling.

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37

Baik, D. H., Y. G. Ohr, K. S. Kim, J. M. Lee, P. Indelicato, and Y. K. Kim. "Electric dipole, electric quadrupole, and magnetic dipole transition probabilities of Na-like ions, 56 ≤ Z ≤ 92." Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 47, no. 2 (March 1991): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-640x(91)90001-k.

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38

Rynkun, P., G. Gaigalas, and P. Jönsson. "Theoretical studies of energy levels and transition data for Zr III." Astronomy & Astrophysics 637 (May 2020): A10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937243.

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Aims. We seek to present accurate and extensive transition data for the Zr III ion. These data are useful in many astrophysical applications. Methods. We used the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) methods, which are implemented in the general-purpose relativistic atomic structure package GRASP2018. The transverse-photon (Breit) interaction, vacuum polarization, and self-energy corrections are included in the RCI computations. Results. Energy spectra were calculated for the 88 lowest states in the Zr III ion. The root-mean-square deviation obtained in this study for computed energy spectra from the experimental data is 450 cm−1. Electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), and electric quadrupole (E2) transition data, line strengths, weighted oscillator strengths, and transition rates are computed between the above states together with the corresponding lifetimes. The computed transition rates are smaller than the experimental rates and the disagreement for weaker transitions is much larger than the experimental error bars. The computed lifetimes agree with available experimental values within the experimental uncertainties.

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39

Alhmod, Zainab Sauod Muhmmed. ""Nuclear Structure of the (144 Ba, 146 Ce 148 Nd )by using the Interacting boson Approximation (IBA-2) "." Muthanna Journal of Pure Science 5, no. 1 (March 18, 2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/2/05.01.2018/20-26.

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"The Interacting Boson Hamiltonian (IBA-2) to reproduce energy spectrum of isotones is tested The calculated ratio has been suggested that these nuclei are part of O(6) group symmetry. Reduced electric quadruple transitions between states of and magnetic dipole between states of , are calculated. The mixing ratios for transitions between are evaluated as well. All the calculated results have been compared with available experimental data and satisfactory results are obtained.

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40

Noginova, N., Yu Barnakov, H. Li, and M. A. Noginov. "Effect of metallic surface on electric dipole and magnetic dipole emission transitions in Eu^3+ doped polymeric film." Optics Express 17, no. 13 (June 11, 2009): 10767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.010767.

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41

Karacban, Betul, and Leyla Ozdemir. "Electric Dipole Transitions for Neutral Ytterbium (Z = 70)." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 58, no. 3 (March 15, 2011): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.58.417.

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42

Karaçoban, Betül, and Leyla Özdemir. "Electric dipole transitions for La I (Z=57)." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 109, no. 11 (July 2008): 1968–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.01.020.

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43

Gaigalas, G., R. Kisielius, G. Merkelis, Z. Rudzikas, and M. Vilkas. "MBPT Results for Δn=0 Electric Dipole Transitions." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 155 (1993): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900170263.

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44

DiPrete, D. P., E. L. Johnson, E. M. Baum, C. A. McGrath, D. Wang, M. F. Villani, S. W. Yates, T. Belgya, B. Fazekas, and G. Molnár. "Fast electric dipole transitions in nuclei nearN=82." Physical Review C 52, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): R2831—R2833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.52.r2831.

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45

Soloviev, V. G., and A. V. Sushkov. "Electric-dipole transitions in doubly even deformed nuclei." Physics Letters B 262, no. 2-3 (June 1991): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)91552-7.

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46

Hamamoto, I., J. Höller, and X. Z. Zhang. "Electric-dipole transitions in deformed rare-earth nuclei." Physics Letters B 226, no. 1-2 (August 1989): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90280-3.

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47

Karaçoban, Betül, and Leyla Özdemir. "Electric Dipole Transitions for Lu I (Z = 71)." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 36, no. 4 (June 30, 2011): 635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-011-0061-9.

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48

Tayal, S. S. "Oscillator strengths of electric dipole transitions in S3+." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 32, no. 22 (November 10, 1999): 5311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/32/22/309.

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49

Zhang, Lin, Wei Yang, Yan Yan Zhang, Wang Yan Shi, Dan Yu Jiang, and Qiang Li. "Preparation and Characterization of Layered Rare Earth Compound." Key Engineering Materials 633 (November 2014): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.633.73.

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We prepared a series of organic acids pillared layered rare earth compounds Y2-xEux(OH)5X·nH2O (X= Organic acid) by hydrothermal reaction, The distance of layers was determined by X-ray diffraction, and discussed the relationship between the intercalated organic anion and the distance between the layers, In addition, the layered rare earth compound we prepared exhibited good fluorescence properties, being excited by ultraviolet light, the layered compound exhibited characteristic fluorescence spectra of Eu3+ions. But the fluorescence intensity of the layered compound changed with different intercalated organic anions, by the ratio of the electric dipole transition and magnetic dipole transitions (5D0-7F2)/ (5D0-7F1), we studied the coordination environment of the luminescent center. And discussed the relationship between intercalated organic anions and fluorescence intensity.

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50

Masterman, D., S. D. Rosner, T. J. Scholl, A. Sharikova, and R. A. Holt. "Isotope shifts and hyperfine structure in Sm II." Canadian Journal of Physics 81, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 1389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p03-106.

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We have measured the isotope shifts of 87 transitions in Sm II in the 418465 nm spectral region and the magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole hyperfine constants of 13 low-lying even-parity metastable levels and 76 odd-parity levels. These results will be immediately applicable to stellar spectroscopy.PACS Nos.: 32.30.r, 32.10.f

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