Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electric arc furnace slag

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Academic literature on the topic 'Electric arc furnace slag'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electric arc furnace slag"

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Terrones-Saeta, Juan María, Jorge Suárez-Macías, Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino, and Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias. "Development of Slurry Surfacing with Electric Arc Furnace Slag for Pavements with Friction Problems." Minerals 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100878.

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Pavement maintenance is an essential activity for maintaining the quality of the pavements. It is common for the ageing pavement to present problems of friction, so a proper solution must be provided. In this work, electric arc furnace slags are incorporated in slurry surfacing to provide adequate friction with this technique. The electric arc furnace slag was studied with physical, chemical, and mechanical tests to evaluate its suitability in the formation of the bituminous mixture. At the same time, different groups of samples were made with increasing percentages of bitumen emulsion and slag as coarse aggregate, determining the wear of the different families and the cohesion. The results reflected the excellent characteristics of the electric arc furnace slags, and an optimal combination of materials (slag, aggregate, water, and bitumen emulsion) could be obtained to develop slurry surfacing applicable to important traffic roads. This provided a use for the electric arc furnace slag in which its mechanical properties were used and a sustainable bituminous mixture with excellent characteristics and respectful of the environment was developed.
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Sheshukov, O. Yu, D. K. Egiazar’yan, and D. A. Lobanov. "Wasteless processing of ladle furnace and electric arc furnace slag." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 3 (April 9, 2021): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-3-192-199.

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The actual problem of mineral resources depletion in ferrous metallurgy can be effectively solved by complex reuse of technogenic waste. That waste is mostly presented by EAF (electric arc furnace) slag and LF (ladle furnace) slag. These two kinds of slag have no complex full utilization. The residues of slag are going to the dump and then the slag dump locations pollute the environment. However, the residues of EAF and LF slag can be transformed into the valuable industrial product by interaction of the slag components. This work presents the research for joint wasteless processing of EAF and LF slag with production of Portland clinker and cast iron. The article describes disadvantages of known methods of each slag processing; the paper also shows the significance of LF slag utilization. Design and calculations of the research are presented as well as its experiment methodology. The final results show five chemical compositions for the mixtures, which allow the complex processing of this slag without any waste left. Such processing provides the production of cast iron and Portland clinker both meeting requirements of normative documents. The paper also describes the results of viscosity measurements of slag compositions, the obtained slag phases, and presents the final temperature conditions. The work also considers the results of industrial tests for the developed processing technology and a complete technological chain involving the use of tilt rotary furnaces.
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Aghajanian, Ali, Carlos Thomas, and Kiachehr Behfarnia. "Effect of Micro-Silica Addition into Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag Eco-Efficient Concrete." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 4893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114893.

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Concrete produced from electric arc furnace steel slag aggregates is one of the items that is highly regarded due to its strength, environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Despite the growing interest in using this type of concrete, there are still doubts about the mix proportions and addition effects of electric arc furnace steel slags. In this paper, the performance of replacing natural aggregates by electric arc furnace steel slags aggregate is comprehensively investigated and its effect on mechanical properties is analysed. The relationship between the percentage of replacement of natural aggregate using electric arc furnace steel slags aggregate in two parts of coarse aggregate and fine-grained aggregate and the effect of each of these parts on mechanical properties in concrete is investigated, which may identify the optimal mix proportions of each aggregate that help to improve the strength of the eco efficient concrete using electric arc furnace steel slags.
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Manso, Juan M., Javier J. Gonzalez, and Juan A. Polanco. "Electric Arc Furnace Slag in Concrete." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 16, no. 6 (December 2004): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2004)16:6(639).

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Mombelli, Davide, Carlo Mapelli, Andrea Gruttadauria, Claudio Baldizzone, Francesco Magni, Pier Luca Levrangi, and Piero Simone. "Analisys of Electric Arc Furnace Slag." steel research international 83, no. 11 (July 16, 2012): 1012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201100259.

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Geldenhuys, I. J., Q. G. Reynolds, and G. Akdogan. "Evaluation of Titania-Rich Slag Produced from Titaniferous Magnetite Under Fluxless Smelting Conditions." JOM 72, no. 10 (August 3, 2020): 3462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04304-3.

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Abstract Titanium-bearing magnetite ore is generically defined as magnetite with > 1% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and is usually vanadium-bearing. The iron and titanium occur as a mixture of magnetite (Fe3O4) and ilmenite (FeTiO3) with vanadium oxide usually occurring within the solid solution of the titanium-bearing magnetite phase. These ores are currently widely processed in blast furnaces via modified ironmaking processes. Typically, vanadium is recovered as a by-product from the ironmaking process, while the diluted titania slag is stockpiled. Fluxless smelting in a direct-current open-arc furnace is proposed as an opportunity to improve iron and vanadium recovery and potentially unlock the titanium as a slag product. Slags produced from a pilot study are compared to industrial slags produced from ilmenite. The findings from the pilot test show that slag produced under fluxless smelting conditions in an open-arc electric furnace is remarkably similar to industrial ilmenite slags. The test conditions were varied to evaluate the slag and metal composition, and furnace operation, under increasing reducing conditions. The study showed that the slag and metal product was remarkably similar to industrial slag produced from ilmenite.
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Karalis, K., N. Karkalos, G. S. E. Antipas, and A. Xenidis. "Pragmatic analysis of the electric submerged arc furnace continuum." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 9 (September 2017): 170313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170313.

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A transient mathematical model was developed for the description of fluid flow, heat transfer and electromagnetic phenomena involved in the production of ferronickel in electric arc furnaces. The key operating variables considered were the thermal and electrical conductivity of the slag and the shape, immersion depth and applied electric potential of the electrodes. It was established that the principal stimuli of the velocities in the slag bath were the electric potential and immersion depth of the electrodes and the thermal and electrical conductivities of the slag. Additionally, it was determined that, under the set of operating conditions examined, the maximum slag temperature ranged between 1756 and 1825 K, which is in accordance with industrial measurements. Moreover, it was affirmed that contributions to slag stirring due to Lorentz forces and momentum forces due to the release of carbon monoxide bubbles from the electrode surface were negligible.
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M. A., Mikheenkov, Sheshukov O. Yu., and Lobanov D. A. "Reduction Of Environmental Pressure By Giving Cementing Material Properties To The Ferrous Slags." KnE Materials Science 2, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v2i2.948.

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There are two main kinds of slag in modern steelmaking industry: the electric arc furnace slag (the EAF slag) which is produced in the manufacture of crude steel by the electric arc furnace process and the ladle furnace basic slag (the LF slag) which is produced at the final stages of steelmaking, when the steel is desulfurized in the transport ladle, during what is generally known as the secondary metallurgy process.
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Rohde, Luciana, Washington Peres Núñez, and Jorge Augusto Pereira Ceratti. "Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag: Base Material for Low-Volume Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-26.

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The results of a study of the use of electric furnace slag as pavement aggregates are presented. Slag is generated as waste during steel production in industrial plants that use electric arc furnaces. Tests for the following were carried out to determine the characteristics of the aggregate: grain size distribution, soundness, Los Angeles abrasion, compaction, California bearing ratio, resilient modulus, and expansion. To use the slag as a granular layer, its grain size distribution had to be corrected. This procedure increased the bearing capacity and workability of the material. Evaluation of the expansion potential showed that the slag must be stocked in the open air for at least 4 months before it can be used in pavement construction. After correction of the gradation, the slag presented a resilient modulus that exceeded those of traditional granular materials; its use resulted in thinner and cheaper pavements. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the use of electric arc furnace slag as pavement material is possible and that it provides remarkably good technical quality and economic advantages.
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Diotti, Alessandra, Luca Cominoli, Adela Perèz Galvin, Sabrina Sorlini, and Giovanni Plizzari. "Sustainable Recycling of Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag as Aggregate in Concrete: Effects on the Environmental and Technical Performance." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020521.

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The aim of this research work was the evaluation of the feasibility to utilize industrial by-products, such as electric arc furnace steel slags, for sustainable concrete production. The paper evaluated the environmental and mechanical properties of steel slags and concrete, respectively. Specifically, the release of contaminants from steel slags was investigated by leaching test and the properties of fresh and hardened concrete were evaluated for a concrete mixture designed with a partial substitution (30%) of natural coarse aggregates with electric arc furnace steel slags. The results show that the concentrations of pollutants were lower than the legal limits imposed by the Ministerial Decree 186/2006 and the addition of steel slag can enhance the mechanical performance of concrete. The compressive strength of cubic specimens was also measured after different cycles of alternate wetting–drying. The steel slag incorporation results in a stiffness comparable to that of a traditional concrete. Overall, the mechanical and leaching characterization has shown that the reuse of electric arc furnace steel slags for sustainable concrete production is feasible and reliable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electric arc furnace slag"

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Rahman, Muhammad Mahfuzur Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Fundamental investigation of slag/carbon interactions in electric arc furnace steelmaking process." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Materials Science & Engineering, 2010. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44798.

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This work investigates the interactions of carbonaceous materials (metallurgical coke, natural graphite and HDPE/coke blends) with three EAF slags [FeO: 24% to 32%]. Experiments were conducted using the sessile drop technique (1500??C-1600??C) with off-gases (CO, CO2) measured using an IR analyzer; the wetting behaviour was determined from contact angle measurements. Estimation of slag foaming behaviour was determined from the droplet volume changes calculated using specialized software. At 1550??C, all slags were non-wetting with coke due to increased surface tension due to sulphur. At 1550??C, slag 1 was initially non-wetting on natural graphite due to gas entrapment in the slag droplet; the wetting improved after that. Other slags showed comparatively better wetting. At 1600??C, all slags were non-wetting with coke. Slags showed a shift from non-wetting to wetting behaviour with natural graphite. Slag/coke reactions produced high off-gases levels causing extensive FeO reduction; gas entrapment in the slag was poor (small volume droplets). Slag/natural graphite interactions revealed both slow gas generation rates and FeO reduction, and excellent gas entrapment (higher droplet volumes) with minor changes in slag properties due to low ash levels. The iron oxide reduction rates were determined to be 1.54x10-5 and 4.2x10-6 mol.cm-2/sec (Slag 1, 1550??C) for metallurgical coke and natural graphite respectively. Slag interactions with coke/HDPE blends showed increasing off-gas levels with increasing HDPE levels. Blend#3 produced the highest off-gas levels, extensive FeO reduction and displayed significantly higher slag foaming and better wetting compared to coke. Our line on trends compared well for slag/carbon interactions and resulted in deceased specific energy consumption and carbon usage and increased productivity. These findings have enhanced the possibility of utilizing polymeric wastes in blends with coke in EAF steelmaking for slag/carbon interactions.
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Kumar, Harjinder. "Laboratory evaluation of electric arc furnace slag as a potential wetland substrate." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18690.

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Phosphorus (P) is considered as the controlling element in the proliferation of eutrophication in water bodies. Constructed wetlands are accepted as the most appropriate treatment technology for removal of nutrients, including phosphorus from agricultural drainage waters. As most of P removal in constructed wetlands is through precipitation and abiotic sorption, introduction of suitable substrate can enhance the P removal efficiency of the system. Slag has immense capacity for P sorption however its composition and ability as a wetland substrate varies from locale to locale. A study divided into bench and pilot scale was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of a locally available electric arc furnace slag (EAFS). The pilot scale study was used to validate the findings of bench scale together with conducting additional investigations. In bench scale study EAFS was found to have high efficiency (nearly 100%) in P removal. Amount of P removed increased by increasing the contact time between the P solution and the slag. Where mechanical shaking appreciably enhanced the P-removal efficiency (90 %) in 3 hour, aeration resulted in (97-99%) phosphorus removal in a much reduced contact time of one hour for all P concentrations used (0.3, 3.0, 6.0 mg/L). Adsorption capacity of 1457 mg/kg was ascertained for this slag. In the pilot scale study higher P removal was recorded in residence time treatments of five and ten hour but, the rate of removal was slower than what was observed in case of one and two hour residence time. The EAFS when subjected to application of a high concentration of P solution over 72 hour period depicted a gradual decrease in the P removal efficiency, falling from 85% to 53% at the end of experiment. It was also established that EAFS can be regenerated to 70% of its original P-sorption capacity by putting it to a resting period of 3 weeks.
Le phosphore est considéré comme l'élément nutritif déterminant dans le foisonnement par eutrophisation des eaux. Les marais artificiels sont reconnus comme la technologie la plus appropriée pour enlever les éléments nutritifs, tel le phosphore, des eaux usées agricoles. Comme la majorité de l'enlèvement du P dans les marais artificiels est le résultat de précipitation et de sorption abiotique, l'introduction d'un matériel approprié pourrait améliorer l'efficacité d'enlèvement de P du système. Quoi que les scories ait une immense capacité de sorption du P, leur composition et applicabilité comme matériel de marais filtrant varie toutefois de lieu en lieu. Une étude visant à évaluer l'efficacité de scories de four électrique à arc (SFEA), disponibles localement, à ces fins, fut entreprise à l'échelle de banc d'essai, ainsi qu'à l'échelle préindustrielle. A cette dernière échelle l'étude servit à valider les résultats de l'étude à l'échelle de banc d'essai, ainsi qu'a compléter d'autres expériences. A l'échelle du banc d'essai, la SFEA montra un efficacité d'enlèvement du P très élevée (près de 100%). La quantité de P enlevée augmenta de concert avec la durée de contact entre la solution contenant le P et les scories. Pour toutes les concentrations de P étudiés (0.3, 3.0, et 6.0 mg/L), une agitation mécanique améliora notamment l'efficacité d'enlèvement du P (90% en 3 hr), tandis que l'introduction d'une aération eu pour résultat un enlèvement quasi-total (97-99%) du P dans un temps de contact beaucoup plus court (1 hr). Une capacité d'adsorption de 1400 mg/kg fut déterminé pour ces scories. Lors de l'étude à l'échelle préindustrielle, des temps de séjour plus longs (5 et 10 h) augmentèrent l'enlèvement du P, mais le taux d'augmentation de l'enlèvement du P fut significativement plus élevé lors des premières (1, 2 h) heures de séjour. Lorsque soumises à une application d'une solution
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Bird, Simon. "Investigations of Electric Arc Furnace Slag Filters: Phosphorus Treatment Performance, Removal Mechanisms and Material Reuse." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2009. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/24.

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Around the world, the eutrophication of freshwater lakes and streams by the excess loading of phosphorus (P) has become one of the most important water quality issues. In Vermont, P pollution from urban and agricultural non-point sources has led to severe blooms of toxic cyanobacteria in Lake Champlain, and the degradation of the lake’s value as a drinking water source and its recreation potential. Electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag has been identified as an effective material for use as a filter media for the removal of P from both point and non-point sources of pollution. In order to further assess the feasibility of this technology for use in Vermont, several investigations were carried out starting in the winter of 2006. Three objectives for research were identified: 1) to construct 2 EAF steel slag filters in-series at the Constructed Wetlands Research Center (CWRC) and investigate their efficiency in P, TSS and metals reduction from dairy waste water in a cold climate; 2) investigate the potential for reuse of P saturated EAF steel slag as a soil amendment and plant fertilizer by testing bioavailability of sorbed P and quantities of P released to surface runoff; 3) To elucidate the principal mechanisms responsible for the removal of P in EAF slag filters when used for the treatment of dairy effluent. The results indicated that 2 EAF steel slag filters constructed in-series are an effective method to increase the treatment efficiency and longevity of a filter system. Additionally, parameters for the concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were developed, both important factors for design of filter systems. In greenhouse trials, Medicago sativa plants achieved greater above ground biomass growth with P fertilization by triple super phosphate (TSP) than EAF steel slag at the shorter growth period (5 weeks). However, by the end of the longer growth period (10 weeks) except at the highest amendment rate, the plants treated with EAF steel slag had a higher growth rate than the TSP, suggesting that EAF steel slag is an effective slow release P source. Using a rain simulator, the amount of P lost to surface runoff from both a saturated and a semi-saturated EAF steel slag was found to be negligible, and except for total P in the saturated slag, to be below 1 mg L-1. Voltammetric analysis and geochemical modeling were used to identify possible mechanisms for the removal of P from waste effluent. The Ca mineral hydroxyapaptite and the Fe(II) mineral vivianite were both shown to be likely mechanisms given the chemical conditions in EAF steel slag filters. This research represents the first investigation of cold weather performance of EAF steel slag filters for the treatment of dairy parlor and milk house waste effluent. Additionally, it was also the first research on the bioavailability of P sorbed to EAF steel slag, and of the possibility of its reuse as a soil amendment, and of the mechanisms involved in P removal from dairy waste effluent.
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Muntasser, Tarek Ziad. "Properties and durability of slag based cement concrete in the Mediterranean environment." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247994.

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VAZ, GUILHERME DEMBERG. "QUANTIFICATION OF METALLIC IRON LOSSES IN ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE SLAGS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18624@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A metalurgia é a ciência que estuda os diversos meios para a transformação dos metais em materiais úteis à sociedade. A metalurgia do ferro representa a maior fatia da aplicação dos metais. Por ser tão representativa é chamada de Siderurgia. Dentre as diversas rotas para a transformação do ferro em aço, as usinas semi-integradas apresentam um forte apelo ecológico, pois utilizam a sucata, oriunda da reciclagem de ferro, e o ferro gusa como matérias-primas para a fusão no Forno Elétrico a Arco. Naturalmente, em todo processo industrial há a geração de resíduos e, neste caso, o principal é a escória, composta de óxidos formados e adicionados ao longo da fusão. Seus principais constituintes são: CaO, SiO2, FeO, MnO, MgO, Al2O3 e P2O5. No entanto, ainda há a presença de Ferro Metálico, um fato indesejável, pois atua negativamente no rendimento metálico e, consequentemente, aumenta o custo do aço. Toda escória gerada é beneficiada com o intuito de recuperar a parte metálica. Este material beneficiado retorna para as usinas como sucata metálica, contendo teores definidos de ferro metálico. O teor de ferro presente na sucata recuperada é avaliado pelas empresas processadoras de escória de maneira indireta por um ensaio de densidade específica. Havia dúvidas se a sucata recuperada da escória do forno apresentava teores de ferro que justificasse seu emprego como matéria-prima ferrosa. Assim sendo, foi proposta uma rota de processamento capaz de mensurar o teor de ferro presente e permitir a comparação com os teores obtidos com o ensaio de densidade. Os resultados mostram que i) é possível calcular o impacto no rendimento, ii) que as sucatas recuperadas apresentam valores inferiores ao esperado, iii) que a equação de densidade superestima o teor de ferro e iv) que modificações propostas nos coeficientes da equação vigente melhoram seu grau de assertividade. Estes resultados foram comprovados em 3 plantas siderúrgicas.
Metallurgy is the science that studies the various processes for the transformation of metals into society useful materials. The iron metallurgy represents the largest body of the metals application, hence it is called Steel industry. Among the various routes for the transformation of iron into steel, semiintegrated plants have a strong ecological appeal due to their extensive use of scrap, derived from the recycling of iron, and pig iron as raw materials for the Electric Arc Furnace. Of course, industrial processes generate waste. The major waste of the Electric Arc Furnace is the slag, a mixture of oxides produced during the process, containing CaO, SiO2, FeO, MnO, MgO, Al2O3 e P2O5. However, there is also the presence of metallic iron, a fact undesirable, because it acts negatively on the metallic yield and therefore increases the cost of steel. All slag generated is processed in order to recover the metallic iron. The slag beneficiation returns to the mills a material containing defined levels of iron. The content of recovered iron is assessed by slag processing companies indirectly by a specific gravity test. There have been doubts whether the recovered scrap iron content justify its use as raw ferrous materials. Therefore, it is proposed a processing route capable of measuring the amount of iron present in the recovered scrap. The measured iron content is also compared with the levels obtained from the test density. The results show that i) it is possible to calculate the impact on iron yield, ii) the recovered iron content is lower than expected, iii) the density equation overestimates the amount of iron and iv) a correction is proposed to improve the assertiveness of the density equation. Three steel plants confirmed the results from this research.
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Lindholm, Linda. "Inhibition of phosphorus release from sediments of Lake Erhai through argon oxygen decarburisation slag (AOD) and electric arc furnace slag (EAF) capping." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199181.

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The effects of eutrophication in lakes and the open seas has been largely the result of phosphorus (P) that accumulate in the sediment. Eutrophication occurs mainly in the waters in densely populated coastal areas and agricultural dominated areas and occurs when an excess of nutrients reach the soil and water. In situ capping is a proven method to inhibit P and is the method used in this study. A capping is placed on the polluted sediment surface to physically isolate it and reduce the release of P and prevent resuspension, i.e. suspension of already precipitated P. The possibility of inhibiting P by using sediment capping and the reactive filter materials (sorbents) argon oxygen decarburisation (AOD) slag in particle size fractions 0-0.5 mm and 2-8 mm and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag in particle size fraction 1-2.36 mm, have been investigated. Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), also called orthophosphates, were the main species of P investigated in this study. A total of three studies were conducted in Lake Erhai in Dali China, during April 2016. One pre-study was conducted at ten different sites in the lake, which aimed to find the most P polluted site. This site was chosen for the main study. The main study aimed to investigate if the aforementioned sorbents managed to absorb  orthophosphates after contact with lake sediment for seven days. The post-study was conducted to see if the sorbents themselves released any orthophosphates into the water. The water samples were tested for pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen (DO) before and after contact with lake sediment. The slag materials and lake sediment were studied with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect elements and compounds. Obtained results showed that the AOD slag (0-0.5 mm) could absorb 96% of the orthophosphates. However, both the AOD slag (2-8 mm) and EAF slag (1-2.36 mm) showed an increase of orthophosphates in the water after contact with lake sediment. The XRD analysis showed contents of silica (Si) and calcium (Ca) compounds in all of the slag materials, which was expected due to the configuration of these materials. The ICP analysis showed that 2% P was absorbed by the EAF (1-2.36 mm) slag, but there were no absorption by the AOD (0-0.5 mm) or AOD (2-8 mm) slag. The conclusion from this study is that AOD slag (0-0.5 mm) can be used successfully in P remediation projects because it absorbs 96% of the orthophosphates. The results are consistent with previous results from (Zuo et al., 2015) and (Renman et al., 2013).
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Aula, M. (Matti). "Optical emission from electric arc furnaces." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526210926.

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Abstract The main cause of temperature and composition fluctuations in the electric arc furnace (EAF) process is the scrap used as a raw material. Process conditions in EAF can vary significantly from heat to heat because there is no accurate information of scrap composition. Due to harsh process conditions, there are currently few sensors available for direct on-line measurement of the EAF process. In this work new information about stainless steelmaking EAF process conditions is sought with optical emission spectrum measurement. The measurement system relies on transportation of the light emitted from the measured furnace to a remotely situated spectrometer. Analysing the slag composition from the arc emission spectrum was tested in the laboratory and on a pilot scale. The laboratory measurements indicate that changes in the amount of CrOx and MnO in the slag have the highest impact on optical emission spectra. The pilot scale measurements show that the Cr2O3 content of the slag can be measured from the arc emission spectrum using suitable reference lines with an average absolute error of 0.62 %-points and a standard deviation of 0.49 %-points. The results from measurements at Outokumpu Stainless Oy, Tornio Works, indicate that measurement of the optical emission spectrum from industrial EAF is feasible in a practical sense, and can be used in analysing of EAF atmosphere, scrap melting and slag surface. Furthermore, the results of industrial measurements indicate that the atoms in the arc plasma mainly originate from the slag. The measurement of scrap melting could be potentially used in EAF control in optimization of arc voltages and second scrap bucket charging. The potential use of slag CrOx measurements is in optimization of reductant additions as well as defining the further processing of EAF slag
Tiivistelmä Valokaariuunien ohjaus on perinteisesti ollut uunioperaattorin käsissä. Valokaaariuuniprosessin on-line mittaukseen on olevassa vähän menetelmiä johtuen uunin hyvin haastavaista olosuhteista. Tässä työssä on tutkittu optiseen emissiospektroskopiaan perustuvaa menetelmää uuden jatkuva-aikaisen tiedon tuottamisessa valokaariuuniprosessista. Mittausjärjestelmä perustuu valon keräämiseen mitattavasta uunista valokuidun avulla, joka johtaa valon analysoitavaksi etäälle prosessista sijoitettuun spektrometriin. Mittauksia suoritettiin laboratorio-, pilot- ja tehdas-mittakaavassa. Valokaariuunin kuonan koostumuksen analysointia testattiin laboratorio- ja pilot-mittakaavan uuneilla. Laboratoriomittaukset osoittivat että kuonan komponenteista CrOx ja MnO ja vaikuttavat eniten mitattuun emissiospektriin. Pilot-mittakaavan kokeissa havaittiin, että kuonan Cr2O3-pitoisuutta voidaan mitata valokaaren emissiospektristä 0,62 %-yksikön keskimääräisellä absoluuttisella virheellä ja 0,49 %-yksikkön hajonnalla. Teollisella valokaariuunilla suoritetuista mittauksista havaittiin että optisen emissiospektrin mittaus voidaan suorittaa ilman ylitsepääsemättömiä teknisiä esteitä. Mittauksen tuloksia voidaan puolestaan käyttää kaasufaasin reaktioiden, romun sulamisen ja kuonapinnan ominaisuuksien arvioinnissa. Valokaaren emissiospektrin analyysi osoitti, että valokaaren plasman komponentit ovat pääosin peräisin kuonasta, joka mahdollistaa kuonan koostumuksen arvioinnin valokaaren emissiospektrin perusteella. Romun sulamisen mittausta voidaan prosessinohjauksessa käyttää jänniteportaiden ja toisen korin panostuksen optimointiin. Kuonan kromipitoisuuden mittaamista voidaan puolestaan käyttää pelkistinaineiden lisäyksen optimointiin ja kuonan jatkokäsittelyn valintaan
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Puthucode, Rahul. "Neutralization of acidic wastewaters with the use of landfilled Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) high-alloyed stainless-steel slag : An upscale trial of the NEUTRALSYRA project." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258901.

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The landfilling of slag obtained from the high alloyed Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel making process, constitutes an environmental treat for society as well as an economical problem for the companies producing it, due to the costs related to waste management practices. Conventional methods of slag recycling are abundantly used among the steelmaking business, but due to their particular physical properties, high- alloyed EAF slags cannot be properly valorized. Moreover, the pickling process that high-alloyed EAF steels undergo to, generates acidic wastewaters, that need to be collected and neutralized, before they can be recirculated into the natural water streams. For such a task, steel mills currently utilize slaked lime (a Ca rich mineral) to raise the pH and to remove any metal particles dissolved into the wastewaters. Slag contains high amount of Ca; therefore, it has already been tested as a slaked lime replacement. In fact, previous studies conducted at the Material Science and Engineering department at KTH Royal Institute of Technology showed, on a laboratory scale, that slag has the potential to replace lime for the neutralization and purification of the acidic wastewaters. This Master’s thesis project aims at upscaling the volumes of wastewaters to be tested, about 70 to 90 folds of the one from previous research, bridging the gap between laboratory tests and the industrial scale. The thesis is divided into three tranches, a first part where a water-salt solution conductivity trials were carried out, to model the behavior or slag dispersion in the acidic wastewaters. After the results obtained from the conductivity trials, neutralization trials with slag and the lime product currently in use by the company, were carried out at the neutralization plant in Outokumpu Stainless, Avesta (Sweden). The neutralization trials were carried out with 70 and 90 liters of acidic wastewaters and in order to perform the trials on site, the slag sample was dried and later sieved to a particle size of less than 350μm. Moreover, data was analyzed and compared to previous studies in order to have a clearer understanding regarding the neutralization efficiency of the slag, especially whether or not the technology would had worked on upscaled volumes. Additionally, the project checked if it was possible to find a generalized relationship between the mass of slag and volume of wastewaters required for the neutralization process. Slag demonstrated to be able to buffer the pH to the target values of 9, while also showing an almost linear trend compared to previous studies. The reaction progress between slag, lime, and the acidic wastewaters was also analyzed.
Deponering av slagg som erhållits från den höglegerade ljusbågsugn (EAF) stålframställningsprocessen utgör en miljömässig behandling för samhället och ettekonomiskt problem för de företag som producerar den på grund av kostnaderna för avfallshantering. Konventionella metoder för återvinning av slagg används i storutsträckning bland stålindustrin, men på grund av deras speciella fysiska egenskaper kan höglegerade EAF-slaggen inte värderas ordentligt. Dessutom produceras sura avloppsvatten av betningsprocessen som höglegerade EAF-stål genomgår som sedan måste samlas in och neutraliseras innan de kan återcirkuleras i det naturliga vattnet. För en sådan uppgift använder stålfabriker för närvarande släckt kalk (ett Ca-rikt mineral) för att höja pH-värdet och för att avlägsna alla metallpartiklar som löses upp i avloppsvattnet. Slaggen innehåller hög mängd Ca och därför har den testats som en ersättning till släckt kalk. Tidigare studier utförda vid avdelningen materialvetenskap och teknik vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskola visade på laboratorieskala att slagg har potential att ersätta kalk för neutralisering och rening av sura avloppsvatten. Detta examensarbete syftar till att skala upp volymerna av avloppsvattnet som ska testas till cirka 70–90 gånger av den från tidigare forskning, och därav fylla ut bryggan mellan laboratorietester och industriell skala. Avhandlingen är uppdelad i tre delar, Första delen innehåller försök på ledningsförmåga i en vatten-saltlösning som genomfördes för att modellera beteende eller slaggspridning i sura avloppsvatten. Efter de resultat som erhållits från konduktivitetsmätningarna genomfördes neutraliseringsförsök med slagg och kalk som för närvarande används av företaget vid neutraliseringsanläggningen i Outokumpu Stainless, Avesta (Sverige). Neutraliseringsförsöken genomfördes med 70 och 90 liter sura avloppsvatten och för att utföra experimenten på plats torkades slagg provet och siktades senare till en partikelstorlek på mindre än 350 μm. Dessutom analyserades data och jämfördes med tidigare studier för att få en tydligare förståelse för slaggens neutraliseringseffektivitet, särskilt huruvida tekniken skulle ha fungerat på större volymer, och även om det också var möjligt att hitta ett generaliserat samband mellan mängden slagg och volym avloppsvatten som krävs för neutraliseringsprocessen. Slagget visade sig kunna buffra pH till målvärdena 9, samtidigt som den visade en nästan linjär trend jämfört med tidigare studier. Reaktionsförloppet mellan slaggkalk och de sura avloppsvattnen analyserades också.
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Huss, Joar. "Optimizing the slag system for phosphorus removal in a DRI-based EAF-process using the dictionary attack method." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229743.

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Abstract Carbon emissions pose a serious threat to the continued survival of this planet. All sectors of society must, therefore, lower their emissions, this includes the steel industry. The production of steel is based on iron ore reduction by carbon. In an attempt to relieve the steel industry from its inherent fossil dependence an initiative called HYBRIT has been started. It aims to supplant carbon reduction with hydrogen reduction. Currently, there is no economically viable industrial production of steel that uses fossil-free hydrogen as reduction agent. In order to create economic viability for such a process work has to be conducted to innovate and optimize. This study aims to be a part of that optimization process by creating a tool for optimizing the slag system with regards to phosphorus removal. 26843 slag compositions were evaluated using modules written in “Matlab” combined with “Thermo-Calc”. 1583 possible slag compositions were found to be suitable for phosphorus removal. These compositions were then optimized after slag weight in order to minimize slag associated cost. The compositions were tested against two theoretical raw materials with varying initial phosphorus content 250 ppm and 125 ppm. It was found that the initial phosphorus concentration of the raw material has a substantial impact not only on the slag costs but also the slag praxis that should be used.
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Nascimento, Kamila Ângela Leal do. "Utilização de escória proveniente da reciclagem do aço em concreto de cimento Portland." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-09042008-152040/.

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A redução no volume de resíduos produzidos, industriais e agrícolas, vem se tornando uma exigência constante em todos os processos de produção. A falta de espaço físico para a disposição destes resíduos, a contaminação ambiental causada por eles, além da necessidade de preservação dos recursos naturais não-renováveis e da diminuição do consumo de energia e emissão de poluentes, tornam a reciclagem e a reutilização dos resíduos uma alternativa bastante atraente. A construção civil apresenta-se como um setor bastante apto à utilização de técnicas de reaproveitamento de resíduos, provenientes das mais diversas indústrias. Além de todos os benefícios ambientais, este reaproveitamento, pela construção civil, pode gerar recursos financeiros, bem como, possibilita a melhora das características de alguns materiais de construção, e pode diminuir o custo de construção, fator importante, quando se avalia o déficit de habitacional existente no Brasil. Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se um estudo baseado no aproveitamento de escória de aciaria elétrica, resíduo gerado a partir da reciclagem do aço, empregada como agregado para concreto de cimento Portland, em substituição total ou parcial dos materiais convencionais. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para a viabilidade de utilização deste resíduo como agregado.
The reduction on the volume of produced wastes, from industries or agriculture, is becoming a current demand in all production processes. The lack of space to dispose these wastes, the environment contamination caused by them, besides the necessity to preserve the non-renewable natural resources, to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission , are making wastes recycling and reutilization an interesting alternative. The civil construction presents itself as a field quite able to utilize techniques to reuse wastes from different industries. Besides all the environmental benefits, this reuse by the civil construction can create new profits, as well as, the improvement of the characteristics of some construction materials and it can also decrease the costs of the construction, which is a major factor, considering the Brazilian habitation deficit. In the present work a study was developed based on the reutilization of the electric arc furnace slag, a metallurgic waste from the steel recycling process, employed as an aggregate to the concrete of Portland cement, totally or partially replacing the conventional materials. The obtained results indicate this waste reutilization viability.
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Books on the topic "Electric arc furnace slag"

1

Office, Energy Efficiency. Automated slag foaming on an electric arc furnace. London: Department of the Environment, 1993.

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Mines, United States Bureau of. Utilization of Scrap Preheating and Substitute Slag Conditioners For Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking. S.l: s.n, 1987.

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Smutts-Müller, David. Electric arc furnace steelmaking. [Cambridge]: Hobsons, 1990.

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El-Rassi, Kamal Philippe. Electric furnace slag reduction, AC versus DC. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.

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Toulouevski, Yuri N., and Ilyaz Y. Zinurov. Electric Arc Furnace with Flat Bath. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15886-0.

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Ochs, Thomas L. Waveform analysis of electric furnace arcs as a diagnostic tool. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.

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Sharifi, Masoud. Magnetic field modelling of a Direct Current Electric ARC Furnace. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

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Arc Furnace Meeting (4th 1985 Budapest, Hungary). 4th Arc Furnace Meeting =: IV Seminar po dugovym elektropecham = 4. Lichtbogenofentagung = 4. Colloque four à arc, 24-27 September, 1985, Budapest, Hungary. Edited by Farkas Sándor, Temesi Sandor, and Metallurgical Engineering Co. (Budapest, Hungary). Budapest, Hungary: OMIKK Technoinform, 1985.

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Montgomery, R. W. The use of plasma torches for auxiliary heating in an electric arc furnace. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Kournetas, Nicholas George. The use of oxygen to decrease electrical energy useage in the electric Arc furnace. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electric arc furnace slag"

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Pellegrino, Carlo, and Flora Faleschini. "Electric Arc Furnace Slag Concrete." In Sustainability Improvements in the Concrete Industry, 77–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28540-5_4.

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Ortega-López, Vanesa, José A. Fuente-Alonso, Amaia Santamaría, Marta Skaf, and Juan M. Manso. "Fiber Reinforced Concrete Manufactured with Electric Arc Furnace Slag." In Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American Materials Congress, 205–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52132-9_20.

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Lee, Joonho, Sung Beom An, Minsoo Shin, and Ki Joo Sim. "Valorization of Electrical ARC Furnace Oxidizing Slag." In Celebrating the Megascale, 347–55. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118889657.ch32.

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Lee, Joonho, Sung Beom An, Minsoo Shin, and Ki Joo Sim. "Valorization of Electrical Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag." In Celebrating the Megascale, 347–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48234-7_32.

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Santamaría, Amaia, Vanesa Ortega-López, Marta Skaf, Ignacio Marcos, José-Tomás San-José, and Javier J. González. "Performance of Hydraulic Mixes Manufactured with Electric Arc Furnace Slag Aggregates." In Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American Materials Congress, 227–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52132-9_22.

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Faleschini, Flora, Amaia Santamaria, Mariano Aneglo Zanini, and Carlo Pellegrino. "Experimental Assessment of Bond Characteristics in Reinforced Concrete with Electric Arc Furnace Slag." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 262–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23748-6_20.

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Mahmudi, Muhammed, Selim Altun, and Tugba Eskisar. "Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Clay Soils Stabilized with Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Slag." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 73–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0077-7_8.

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Tong, Zhibo, Guojun Ma, Xiang Zhang, Junjie Liu, and Langsha Shao. "Leaching and Carbonation of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Slag Under a Microwave Field for Mineral Carbonation." In Energy Technology 2018, 179–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72362-4_15.

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Oluwasola, Ebenezer Akin, Mohd Rosli Hainin, Md Maniruzzaman A. Aziz, and Santokh Singh A/L Mahinder Singh. "Effect of Aging on the Resilient Modulus of Stone Mastic Asphalt Incorporating Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag and Copper Mine Tailings." In InCIEC 2014, 1199–208. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-290-6_106.

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Madias, Jorge. "Electric Arc Furnace." In Ironmaking and Steelmaking Processes, 267–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39529-6_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electric arc furnace slag"

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DePree, Pieter J., and Charles T. Ferry. "Mitigation of Expansive Electric Arc Furnace Slag in Brownfield Redevelopment." In GeoCongress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40971(310)34.

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Skaf, Marta, Juan Manso, José Chica, Amaia Santamaría, Emiliano Pasquini, and Vanesa Ortega-López. "The use of electric arc furnace slag in bituminous pavements." In Fifth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. Coventry University and The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Centre for By-products Utilization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/2019/idscmt5097.

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Tailin Yang, Yanbing Zong, Shaohua Li, and Daqiang Cang. "Sintering behavior of ceramic bodies from electric arc furnace slag." In 2014 IEEE Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry Applications (WARTIA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wartia.2014.6976193.

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Liu, Han-qiao, Guo-xia Wei, Hui-hua Ye, and Shu-guang Zhang. "Characteristics of Molten Slag from Hospital Waste Incineration Ash by Electric Arc Furnace." In 2009 International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceet.2009.520.

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Marsalek, Jan. "PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC ARCH FURNACE SLAG." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b12/s2.069.

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Sosa, I., C. Thomas, J. Polanco, J. Setién, and P. Tamayo. "Durability in Marine Environment of High-performance Concrete with Electric arc Furnace Slags and Cupola Slag Admixture." In XV International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components. CIMNE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/dbmc.2020.217.

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Parsapoor, Amir, Behzad Mirzaeian Dehkordi, and Mehdi Moallem. "Predicting foaming slag quality in electric arc furnace using power quality indices and ANFIS." In 2010 18th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iraniancee.2010.5506957.

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Rezaul, Riad Morshed, Raihan Atahar, Tahmeed Bin Tasnim, A. S. W. Kurny, Rowshan Momtaz, and Fahmida Gulshan. "Feasibility study of Bangladeshi electric arc furnace steel slag as an alternative for conventional fine aggregate." In DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FOR INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICOME 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5044307.

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Nguyen, Manh Tuan, and Anh Thang Le. "Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete When using Electric-Arc Furnace Slag as Natural Coarse Aggregate." In 2018 4th International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gtsd.2018.8595535.

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Akin Oluwasola, Ebenezer, Mohd Rosli Hainin, and Md Maniruzzaman A. Aziz. "Durability Assessment of Dense-Graded Asphalt Incorporating Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag and Copper Mine Tailings." In Eighth International Conference on Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Pavements. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-0449-7-161-cd.

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Reports on the topic "Electric arc furnace slag"

1

Dr. Gordon A. Irons. Nitrogen Control in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking by DRI (TRP 0009). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840951.

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Sarah W. Allendorf, David K. Ottesen, Robert W. Green, Donald R. Hardesty, Robert Kolarik, Howard Goodfellow, Euan Evenson, et al. Optical Sensors for Post Combustion Control in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking (TRP 9851). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840948.

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Boyd, Jr, Lawrence C., and Vinod K. Sikka. Aluminum Bronze Alloys to Improve the System Life of Basic Oxygen and Electric Arc Furnace Hoods, Roofs and Side Vents. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896794.

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Eaton, W. C. Test Plan: Phase 1 demonstration of 3-phase electric arc melting furnace technology for vitrifying high-sodium content low-level radioactive liquid wastes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/82490.

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Processing electric arc furnace dust into saleable chemical products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/594449.

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