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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric arc furnace slag'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Terrones-Saeta, Juan María, Jorge Suárez-Macías, Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino, and Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias. "Development of Slurry Surfacing with Electric Arc Furnace Slag for Pavements with Friction Problems." Minerals 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100878.

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Pavement maintenance is an essential activity for maintaining the quality of the pavements. It is common for the ageing pavement to present problems of friction, so a proper solution must be provided. In this work, electric arc furnace slags are incorporated in slurry surfacing to provide adequate friction with this technique. The electric arc furnace slag was studied with physical, chemical, and mechanical tests to evaluate its suitability in the formation of the bituminous mixture. At the same time, different groups of samples were made with increasing percentages of bitumen emulsion and slag as coarse aggregate, determining the wear of the different families and the cohesion. The results reflected the excellent characteristics of the electric arc furnace slags, and an optimal combination of materials (slag, aggregate, water, and bitumen emulsion) could be obtained to develop slurry surfacing applicable to important traffic roads. This provided a use for the electric arc furnace slag in which its mechanical properties were used and a sustainable bituminous mixture with excellent characteristics and respectful of the environment was developed.
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2

Sheshukov, O. Yu, D. K. Egiazar’yan, and D. A. Lobanov. "Wasteless processing of ladle furnace and electric arc furnace slag." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 3 (April 9, 2021): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-3-192-199.

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The actual problem of mineral resources depletion in ferrous metallurgy can be effectively solved by complex reuse of technogenic waste. That waste is mostly presented by EAF (electric arc furnace) slag and LF (ladle furnace) slag. These two kinds of slag have no complex full utilization. The residues of slag are going to the dump and then the slag dump locations pollute the environment. However, the residues of EAF and LF slag can be transformed into the valuable industrial product by interaction of the slag components. This work presents the research for joint wasteless processing of EAF and LF slag with production of Portland clinker and cast iron. The article describes disadvantages of known methods of each slag processing; the paper also shows the significance of LF slag utilization. Design and calculations of the research are presented as well as its experiment methodology. The final results show five chemical compositions for the mixtures, which allow the complex processing of this slag without any waste left. Such processing provides the production of cast iron and Portland clinker both meeting requirements of normative documents. The paper also describes the results of viscosity measurements of slag compositions, the obtained slag phases, and presents the final temperature conditions. The work also considers the results of industrial tests for the developed processing technology and a complete technological chain involving the use of tilt rotary furnaces.
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3

Aghajanian, Ali, Carlos Thomas, and Kiachehr Behfarnia. "Effect of Micro-Silica Addition into Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag Eco-Efficient Concrete." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 4893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114893.

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Concrete produced from electric arc furnace steel slag aggregates is one of the items that is highly regarded due to its strength, environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Despite the growing interest in using this type of concrete, there are still doubts about the mix proportions and addition effects of electric arc furnace steel slags. In this paper, the performance of replacing natural aggregates by electric arc furnace steel slags aggregate is comprehensively investigated and its effect on mechanical properties is analysed. The relationship between the percentage of replacement of natural aggregate using electric arc furnace steel slags aggregate in two parts of coarse aggregate and fine-grained aggregate and the effect of each of these parts on mechanical properties in concrete is investigated, which may identify the optimal mix proportions of each aggregate that help to improve the strength of the eco efficient concrete using electric arc furnace steel slags.
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4

Manso, Juan M., Javier J. Gonzalez, and Juan A. Polanco. "Electric Arc Furnace Slag in Concrete." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 16, no. 6 (December 2004): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2004)16:6(639).

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5

Mombelli, Davide, Carlo Mapelli, Andrea Gruttadauria, Claudio Baldizzone, Francesco Magni, Pier Luca Levrangi, and Piero Simone. "Analisys of Electric Arc Furnace Slag." steel research international 83, no. 11 (July 16, 2012): 1012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201100259.

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6

Geldenhuys, I. J., Q. G. Reynolds, and G. Akdogan. "Evaluation of Titania-Rich Slag Produced from Titaniferous Magnetite Under Fluxless Smelting Conditions." JOM 72, no. 10 (August 3, 2020): 3462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04304-3.

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Abstract Titanium-bearing magnetite ore is generically defined as magnetite with > 1% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and is usually vanadium-bearing. The iron and titanium occur as a mixture of magnetite (Fe3O4) and ilmenite (FeTiO3) with vanadium oxide usually occurring within the solid solution of the titanium-bearing magnetite phase. These ores are currently widely processed in blast furnaces via modified ironmaking processes. Typically, vanadium is recovered as a by-product from the ironmaking process, while the diluted titania slag is stockpiled. Fluxless smelting in a direct-current open-arc furnace is proposed as an opportunity to improve iron and vanadium recovery and potentially unlock the titanium as a slag product. Slags produced from a pilot study are compared to industrial slags produced from ilmenite. The findings from the pilot test show that slag produced under fluxless smelting conditions in an open-arc electric furnace is remarkably similar to industrial ilmenite slags. The test conditions were varied to evaluate the slag and metal composition, and furnace operation, under increasing reducing conditions. The study showed that the slag and metal product was remarkably similar to industrial slag produced from ilmenite.
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7

Karalis, K., N. Karkalos, G. S. E. Antipas, and A. Xenidis. "Pragmatic analysis of the electric submerged arc furnace continuum." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 9 (September 2017): 170313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170313.

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A transient mathematical model was developed for the description of fluid flow, heat transfer and electromagnetic phenomena involved in the production of ferronickel in electric arc furnaces. The key operating variables considered were the thermal and electrical conductivity of the slag and the shape, immersion depth and applied electric potential of the electrodes. It was established that the principal stimuli of the velocities in the slag bath were the electric potential and immersion depth of the electrodes and the thermal and electrical conductivities of the slag. Additionally, it was determined that, under the set of operating conditions examined, the maximum slag temperature ranged between 1756 and 1825 K, which is in accordance with industrial measurements. Moreover, it was affirmed that contributions to slag stirring due to Lorentz forces and momentum forces due to the release of carbon monoxide bubbles from the electrode surface were negligible.
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8

M. A., Mikheenkov, Sheshukov O. Yu., and Lobanov D. A. "Reduction Of Environmental Pressure By Giving Cementing Material Properties To The Ferrous Slags." KnE Materials Science 2, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v2i2.948.

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There are two main kinds of slag in modern steelmaking industry: the electric arc furnace slag (the EAF slag) which is produced in the manufacture of crude steel by the electric arc furnace process and the ladle furnace basic slag (the LF slag) which is produced at the final stages of steelmaking, when the steel is desulfurized in the transport ladle, during what is generally known as the secondary metallurgy process.
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9

Rohde, Luciana, Washington Peres Núñez, and Jorge Augusto Pereira Ceratti. "Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag: Base Material for Low-Volume Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (January 2003): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-26.

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The results of a study of the use of electric furnace slag as pavement aggregates are presented. Slag is generated as waste during steel production in industrial plants that use electric arc furnaces. Tests for the following were carried out to determine the characteristics of the aggregate: grain size distribution, soundness, Los Angeles abrasion, compaction, California bearing ratio, resilient modulus, and expansion. To use the slag as a granular layer, its grain size distribution had to be corrected. This procedure increased the bearing capacity and workability of the material. Evaluation of the expansion potential showed that the slag must be stocked in the open air for at least 4 months before it can be used in pavement construction. After correction of the gradation, the slag presented a resilient modulus that exceeded those of traditional granular materials; its use resulted in thinner and cheaper pavements. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the use of electric arc furnace slag as pavement material is possible and that it provides remarkably good technical quality and economic advantages.
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10

Diotti, Alessandra, Luca Cominoli, Adela Perèz Galvin, Sabrina Sorlini, and Giovanni Plizzari. "Sustainable Recycling of Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag as Aggregate in Concrete: Effects on the Environmental and Technical Performance." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020521.

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The aim of this research work was the evaluation of the feasibility to utilize industrial by-products, such as electric arc furnace steel slags, for sustainable concrete production. The paper evaluated the environmental and mechanical properties of steel slags and concrete, respectively. Specifically, the release of contaminants from steel slags was investigated by leaching test and the properties of fresh and hardened concrete were evaluated for a concrete mixture designed with a partial substitution (30%) of natural coarse aggregates with electric arc furnace steel slags. The results show that the concentrations of pollutants were lower than the legal limits imposed by the Ministerial Decree 186/2006 and the addition of steel slag can enhance the mechanical performance of concrete. The compressive strength of cubic specimens was also measured after different cycles of alternate wetting–drying. The steel slag incorporation results in a stiffness comparable to that of a traditional concrete. Overall, the mechanical and leaching characterization has shown that the reuse of electric arc furnace steel slags for sustainable concrete production is feasible and reliable.
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11

Diotti, Alessandra, Luca Cominoli, Adela Perèz Galvin, Sabrina Sorlini, and Giovanni Plizzari. "Sustainable Recycling of Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag as Aggregate in Concrete: Effects on the Environmental and Technical Performance." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020521.

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The aim of this research work was the evaluation of the feasibility to utilize industrial by-products, such as electric arc furnace steel slags, for sustainable concrete production. The paper evaluated the environmental and mechanical properties of steel slags and concrete, respectively. Specifically, the release of contaminants from steel slags was investigated by leaching test and the properties of fresh and hardened concrete were evaluated for a concrete mixture designed with a partial substitution (30%) of natural coarse aggregates with electric arc furnace steel slags. The results show that the concentrations of pollutants were lower than the legal limits imposed by the Ministerial Decree 186/2006 and the addition of steel slag can enhance the mechanical performance of concrete. The compressive strength of cubic specimens was also measured after different cycles of alternate wetting–drying. The steel slag incorporation results in a stiffness comparable to that of a traditional concrete. Overall, the mechanical and leaching characterization has shown that the reuse of electric arc furnace steel slags for sustainable concrete production is feasible and reliable.
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12

Bydałek, A. W., S. Biernat, W. Wołczyński, and A. Bydałek. "Optimizing of Work Arc Furnace to Decopperisation of Flash Slag." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0052.

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Abstract Discusses an attempt to optimize the operation of an electric furnace slag to be decopperisation suspension of the internal recycling process for the production of copper. The paper presents a new method to recover copper from metallurgical slags in arc-resistance electric furnace. It involves the use of alternating current for a first period reduction, constant or pulsed DC in the final stage of processing. Even distribution of the electric field density in the final phase of melting caused to achieve an extremely low content of metallic copper in the slag phase. They achieved by including the economic effects by reducing the time reduction.
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13

Matsuura, Hiroyuki, and Richard J. Fruehan. "Slag Foaming in an Electric Arc Furnace." ISIJ International 49, no. 10 (2009): 1530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.49.1530.

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14

Li, Qi Nan, Guo Jun Ma, Xiang Zhang, and Xun Cai. "Characteristics of Metallurgical Waste Slag and its Heating Behavior in a Microwave Field." Key Engineering Materials 680 (February 2016): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.680.574.

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Four kinds of typical metallurgical waste slags were characterized with their chemical composition, crystalline phases, microstructure and thermal behavior. The heating behavior of these slags in a microwave field were also examined. The results show that there is a high content of CaO in these waste slags. When the metallurgical waste slags were heated from room temperature to 1300°C, the weight loss of Blast Furnace (BF) slag and ladle furnace (LF) refining slag are only 2.25% and 0.9%, respectively, while the weight loss of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag are more than 5%. These metallurgical waste slags have a good absorption capacity for the microwave irradiation, the absorption capacity of microwave decreases in the order of converter slag > EAF carbon steel slag > baste furnace slag. In addition, the temperature-rising rates of the metallurgical waste slags increase with the microwave power and the quality or the particle sizes of slags. Furthermore, the crystalline phases of treated slag with microwave are similar with that of the untreated metallurgical slag. A number of internal cracks in particles of metallurgical slag can be found or extended after microwave treatment.
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15

Lee, Jin-Young, Jin-Seok Choi, Tian-Feng Yuan, Young-Soo Yoon, and Denis Mitchell. "Comparing Properties of Concrete Containing Electric Arc Furnace Slag and Granulated Blast Furnace Slag." Materials 12, no. 9 (April 27, 2019): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091371.

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For sustainable development in the construction industry, blast furnace slag has been used as a substitute for cement in concrete. In contrast, steel-making slag, the second largest by-product in the steel industry, is mostly used as a filler material in embankment construction. This is because steel-making slag has relatively low hydraulicity and a problem with volumetric expansion. However, as the quenching process of slag has improved recently and the steel making process is specifically separated, the properties of steel-making slag has also improved. In this context, there is a need to find a method for recycling steel-making slag as a more highly valued material, such as its potential use as an admixture in concrete. Therefore, in order to confirm the possibility of using electric arc furnace (EAF) oxidizing slag as a binder, a comparative assessment of the mechanical properties of concrete containing electric arc furnace oxidizing slag, steel-making slag, and granulated blast furnace (GBF) slag was performed. The initial and final setting, shrinkage, compressive and split-cylinder tensile strength of the slag concretes were measured. It was found that replacing cement with EAF oxidizing slag delayed the hydration reaction at early ages, with no significant problems in setting time, shrinkage or strength development found.
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16

Bignozzi, Maria Chiara, Luisa Barbieri, and Isabella Lancellotti. "New Geopolymers Based on Electric Arc Furnace Slag." Advances in Science and Technology 69 (October 2010): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.69.117.

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Electric arc furnace slag (EAF-S), coming from a steel productive plant in Italy, has been used as new source for geopolymers synthesis. The slag has been geopolymerized alone and with different content of metakaolin (MK) with the aim to investigate if EAF-S content plays a role in geopolymerization process. Mechanical properties results and microstructure analysis highlight that the optimum weight ratio MK/EAF-S to be used as starting materials is 40/60, 30/70, 20/80. Moreover EAF-S, when used with MK, directly participates in the formation of calcium-rich alumino-silicate gels.
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17

Coppola, Luigi, Alessandra Buoso, Denny Coffetti, Patricia Kara, and Sergio Lorenzi. "Electric arc furnace granulated slag for sustainable concrete." Construction and Building Materials 123 (October 2016): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.142.

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18

Khater, Hisham M. M. "Influence of electric arc furnace slag on characterisation of the produced geopolymer composites." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 67, no. 3 (2015): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2015.13.

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19

Liu, Zhi Wei, Yu Li, Da Qiang Cang, Yi Chen, Shuai Jiang, and Can Wang. "Combining Recovering Iron with Activating the Residual Slag Process for Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Slag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2206.

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Electric arc furnace (EAF) slag is the byproduct of electric arc furnace in the process of metallurgy. In this paper, a recovering iron process combined with an activating residual slag process for EAF slag has been put forward. Researches show that increasing fineness of EAF slag is adverse to recover iron from the slag and 21.27% of the EAF slag could be separated as recovered iron concentrate with grade of 64.34%. The residual slag after magnetic separation process could be activated through mixing activating agent. Hemihydrates gypsum was the best activating agent to improve reactivity of the residual slag, which could meet the requirement of the first grade of steel slag powder in national standard. Then residual slag cements had been successfully prepared with 30% of activated residual slag and a 28-day compressive strength of 44.46MPa.
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20

Kirschen, Marcus, Thomas Hay, and Thomas Echterhof. "Process Improvements for Direct Reduced Iron Melting in the Electric Arc Furnace with Emphasis on Slag Operation." Processes 9, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020402.

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Steelmaking based on direct reduced iron (DRI, and its compacted derivative hot briquetted iron, HBI) is an anticipated important global alternative to current steel production based on FeOx reduction in blast furnaces due to its lower specific CO2 emission. The majority of DRI is melted and refined in the electric arc furnace with different process conditions compared to the melting of steel scrap due to its raw material composition being rather different. We provide data and analysis of slag composition of DRI charges vs. steel scrap charges for 16 industrial electric arc furnaces (EAFs). Suggestions for optimized slag operation and resulting process improvements of DRI melting in the EAF are given. A dynamic mass and energy model of the DRI melting in the EAF is introduced to illustrate the implications of the adapted slag operation on the EAF process with DRI charges.
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21

Pikna, Lubomir, Maria Hezelova, Agnieszka Morillon, David Algermissen, Ondrej Milkovic, Robert Findorak, Martin Cesnek, and Jaroslav Briancin. "Recovery of Chromium from Slags Leachates by Electrocoagulation and Solid Product Characterization." Metals 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121593.

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Slags produced in the steelmaking industry could be a source of chromium. Slags contain, depending on different types of slags, between 2 to 5 wt.% of Cr. Roasting of slag with NaOH, followed by subsequent leaching can produce leachates which can be efficiently processed using electrocoagulation (EC). This paper provides results from the EC process optimization for Cr(VI) solutions with initial concentration 1000 mg/L of Cr(VI). Influence of pH, current intensity and NaCl concentration on the efficiency of chromium recovery, energy consumption as well as solid product composition is discussed in detail. Optimum of pH = 6 was chosen for EC processing of Cr leachates as well as current intensities of 0.1–0.5 A because of the higher Cr/Fe ratio in solid product compared to higher current intensities. Results of EC processing of four real leachates of electric arc furnace carbon steel slag (EAFC), electric arc furnace stainless steel slag (EAFS), low carbon ferrochrome slag (LC FeCr) and high carbon ferrochrome slag (HC FeCr) were evaluated. Comparison of the results of four real leachate samples is presented. Obtained final solid product was identified as (Fe0.6 Cr0.4)2O3 and with up to 20% of Cr could be used as source of chromium in the ferrochrome production.
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22

Faleschini, Flora, Mariano Angelo Zanini, Manuel Alejandro Fernández Ruíz, and Carlo Pellegrino. "Effect of Aggregate of Electric Arc Furnace Slag on Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structures in Chloride Environment (Part I)." Nano Hybrids and Composites 24 (February 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.24.14.

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Durability of reinforced concrete structures including electric arc furnace slag as aggregate in chloride environment is a significant topic to enable their performance stable in their service period. In this study, chloride penetration in recycled concretes including gradation of fine and coarse aggregate that is electric arc furnace (EAF) slag is tested and compared with that of reference concrete including just natural aggregate gradation. To observe chloride penetration effect, concrete samples are exposed to a saline attack firstly; and then, total chloride content and chloride penetration profiles are tested. The Part I of the study argues the effect of aggregate of electric arc furnace slag on durability of reinforced concrete structures in chloride environment in the Introduction and Background section and the Materials and Methods section. Second part of the study is going to present the Results and Discussions section and the Conclusions section. Both part have the Abstract section and Reference section differently each other.
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23

Yildirim, Irem Zeynep, and Monica Prezzi. "Chemical, Mineralogical, and Morphological Properties of Steel Slag." Advances in Civil Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/463638.

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Steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking and steel refining processes. This paper provides an overview of the different types of steel slag that are generated from basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) steelmaking, electric-arc-furnace (EAF) steelmaking, and ladle-furnace steel refining processes. The mineralogical and morphological properties of BOF and electric-arc-furnace-ladle [EAF(L)] slag samples generated from two steel plants in Indiana were determined through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies. The XRD patterns of both BOF and EAF(L) slag samples were very complex, with several overlapping peaks resulting from the many minerals present in these samples. The XRD analyses indicated the presence of free MgO and CaO in both the BOF and EAF(L) slag samples. SEM micrographs showed that the majority of the sand-size steel slag particles had subangular to angular shapes. Very rough surface textures with distinct crystal structures were observed on the sand-size particles of BOF and EAF(L) slag samples under SEM. The characteristics of the steel slag samples considered in this study are discussed in the context of a detailed review of steel slag properties.
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24

Zu Nurain Ahmad, Siti, Hamdan R, Wan Afnizan Wan Mohamed, N. Othman, and Nur Shaylinda Mohd Zin. "Chemical Composition, pH Value, and Points of Zero Charge of High Calcium and High Iron Electric Arc Furnace Slag." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.23 (August 9, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.23.17249.

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Electric arc furnace (EAF) slag as filter media has been extensively used nowadays for wastewater treatment technology. Steel slag was produced as byproduct from steelmaking processes. However, different batches of steel slag production produce different composition. Thus, this study determined the chemical composition, pH value and points of zero charge (PZC) of two different samples of electric arc furnace (EAF) slag; high iron EAF slag (Slag HFe) and high calcium EAF slag (Slag HCa). The steel slag were characterized using X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) analysis for the chemical composition, extraction with boiling water for pH value, and salt addition method for PZC. Slag HFe was mainly consisted of 38.2% ferric oxide and 20.4% calcium oxide, 10.20 pH value and pH 10.55 for PZC. While for Slag HCa, they were composed of 1.64% ferric oxide and 49.5% calcium oxide of pH value of 11.11 and pH 11.75 for PZC. Therefore, Slag HCa was considered as a more basic species compared to Slag HFe.
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Kirschen, Marcus, In-Ho Jung, and Gernot Hackl. "Phase Equilibrium Diagram for Electric Arc Furnace Slag Optimization in High Alloyed Chromium Stainless Steelmaking." Metals 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2020): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060826.

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The electric arc furnace (EAF) process for steelmaking of Cr and Ni high alloyed stainless steel grades differs significantly from the steelmaking process of carbon steel due to the special raw materials and generally lower oxygen consumption. The special slag chemistry in the EAF process affects slag foaming and refractory wear characteristics due to an increased content of CrOx. A special slag diagram is presented in order to improve monitoring and control of slag compositions for Cr alloyed heats, with special focus on saturation to MgO periclase and dicalcium silicate C2S in order to minimize MgO losses from the refractory lining and to improve slag refining capability by avoidance of stable C2S. With the same diagram different EAF process strategies can be efficiently monitored, either at elevated CaO and basicity with lower spinel concentration and more liquid process slags near C2S saturation or at lower CaO content and basicity with increased spinel concentration and stiffer slags at MgO saturation but certainly no C2S stability. Examples for three industrial EAFs are given.
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Penteado, Carmenlucia Santos Giordano, Beatriz Leão Evangelista, Gisleiva Cristina dos Santos Ferreira, Pedro Henrique Andrade Borges, and Rosa Cristina Cecche Lintz. "Use of electric arc furnace slag for producing concrete paving blocks." Ambiente Construído 19, no. 2 (April 2019): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212019000200305.

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Abstract In this study the electric arc furnace slag was used as coarse natural aggregate substitute in concrete paving blocks production. The concrete mixture was defined by using weight proportions in the ratio of 1:2:3:0.51 (cement:sand:coarse aggregate:water) in order to obtain a compressive strength of 35 MPa. Four groups of concrete were prepared: a reference recipe and three others with the slag replacing the natural aggregate in the proportions of 25%, 50% and 75%. The compressive strength was not influenced by the slag content; however, it was influenced by the curing age, as the sample with 75% of slag addition had its compressive strength increased by 13.5% from 7 to 56 days. Water absorption presented a slightly reduction with slag addition. The results of compressive strength and water absorption met the Brazilian technical requirements, making the paving blocks suitable for use in light vehicle traffic. The results obtained in this study highlight the influence of the production process in the final quality of the steel slag, and the need of stablishing technical and environmental requirements to guide and promote the safe use of electric arc furnace slag in concrete.
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27

Lim, J. W., K. F. Lee, Thomas S. Y. Chong, L. C. Abdullah, M. A. Razak, and C. Tezara. "Phosphorus removal by electric arc furnace steel slag adsorption." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 257 (October 2017): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/257/1/012063.

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28

González-Ortega, M. A., S. H. P. Cavalaro, G. Rodríguez de Sensale, and A. Aguado. "Durability of concrete with electric arc furnace slag aggregate." Construction and Building Materials 217 (August 2019): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.082.

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29

Yokoyama, S., R. Arisawa, M. N. N. Hisyamudin, K. Murakami, A. Maegawa, and M. Izaki. "Applicability of Carbonated Electric Arc Furnace Slag to Mortar." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 352 (March 5, 2012): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/352/1/012049.

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Soleimani, Sayed Mohamad, Abdel Rahman Alaqqad, Tahir Afrasiab, Adel Jumaah, Ali Behbehani, Abdulaziz Majeed, Mohamad Hazem Al-Swwaf, and Sarah Al-Muhanna. "Utilization of Local Waste Materials in High-Performance and Self-Compacting Concrete." Materials Science Forum 990 (May 2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.990.18.

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The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of using local waste materials on the properties of fresh and hardened high performance and self-compacting concrete. Crushed ceramic products and steel slag from electric-arc furnaces were used as partial replacements of traditional concrete raw materials in the production of self-compacting and high performance concrete, which were obtained from local factories in Kuwait. Preliminary results have shown that using crushed ceramic products (in the form of powder and 3/8” aggregates) increases the rate of strength gain as the concrete cures, while using electric-arc furnace slag increases the compressive strength of the benchmark concrete mix by up to 40%.
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31

Jin Wei, Lim, Ong Teng Haan, Thomas Choong Shean Yaw, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Mus’ab Abdul Razak, Tezara Cionita, and Abdolreza Toudehdehghan. "Heavy metal recovery from electric arc furnace steel slag by using hydrochloric acid leaching." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183402007.

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Electric Arc Furnace steel slag (EAFS) is the waste produced in steelmaking industry. Environmental problem such as pollution will occur when dumping the steel slag waste into the landfill. These steel slags have properties that are suitable for various applications such as water treatment and wastewater. The objective of this study is to develop efficient and economical chlorination route for EAFS extraction by using leaching process. Various parameters such as concentration of hydrochloric acid, particle size of steel slag, reaction time and reaction temperature are investigated to determine the optimum conditions. As a result, the dissolution rate can be determined by changing the parameters, such as concentration of hydrochloric acid, particle size of steel slag, reaction time and reaction temperature. The optimum conditions for dissolution rates for the leaching process is at 3.0 M hydrochloric acid, particle size of 1.18 mm, reaction time of 2.5 hour and the temperature of 90°C.
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32

Terrones-Saeta, Juan María, Jorge Suárez-Macías, Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino, and Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias. "Development of High Resistance Hot Mix Asphalt with Electric Arc Furnace Slag, Ladle Furnace Slag, and Cellulose Fibers from the Papermaking Industry." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010399.

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Roads are currently essential links of communication and economic development. However, these roads are progressively requiring higher quality materials, implying a greater impact on the environment, in order to withstand the high levels of heavy vehicle traffic. Therefore, this research proposes the use of industrial by-products to create bituminous mixtures which are more resistant and durable than traditional ones. The industrial by-products used, are electric arc furnace slag, ladle furnace slag, and cellulose fibers from the papermaking industry. These by-products were physically and chemically characterized to be used to conform with bituminous mixtures. At the same time, bituminous mixtures were conformed with conventional materials, thus being able to compare the physical and mechanical properties of the conformed mixtures through different tests. The results showed how the use of cellulose fibers made it possible to absorb a greater percentage of bitumen, as well as the use of electric arc furnace slag and ladle furnace slag created mixtures, with greater Marshall stability. Therefore, sustainable, durable, resistant, and high waste mixtures were developed in this investigation.
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Skaf, Marta, Emiliano Pasquini, Víctor Revilla-Cuesta, and Vanesa Ortega-López. "Performance and Durability of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Manufactured Exclusively with Electric Steel Slags." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203306.

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Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) are by-products of the electric steelmaking sector with suitable properties for use in bituminous mixtures as both coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. In this research, the production of a porous asphalt mixture with an aggregate skeleton consisting exclusively of electric steelmaking slags (using neither natural aggregates nor fillers) is explored. The test program examines the asphalt mixtures in terms of their mechanical performance (abrasion loss and indirect tensile strength), durability (cold abrasion loss, aging, and long-term behavior), water sensitivity, skid and rutting resistance, and permeability. The results of the slag-mixes are compared with a standard mix, manufactured with siliceous aggregates and cement as filler. The porous mixes manufactured with the slags provided similar results to the conventional standard mixtures. Some issues were noted in relation to compaction difficulties and the higher void contents of the slag mixtures, which reduced their resistance to raveling. Other features linked to permeability and skid resistance were largely improved, suggesting that these mixtures are especially suitable for permeable pavements in rainy regions. In conclusion, a porous asphalt mixture was produced with 100% slag aggregates that met current standards for long-lasting and environmentally friendly mixtures.
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34

Sosa, Israel, Carlos Thomas, Juan Antonio Polanco, Jesus Setién, and Pablo Tamayo. "High Performance Self-Compacting Concrete with Electric Arc Furnace Slag Aggregate and Cupola Slag Powder." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030773.

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The development of self-compacting concretes with electric arc furnace slags is a novelty in the field of materials and the production of high-performance concretes with these characteristics is a further achievement. To obtain these high-strength, low-permeability concretes, steel slag aggregates and cupola slag powder are used. To prove the effectiveness of these concretes, they are compared with control concretes that use diabase aggregates, fly ash, and limestone supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs, also called fillers) and intermediate mix proportions. The high density SCMs give the fresh concrete self-compacting thixotropy using high-density aggregates with no segregation. Moreover, the temporal evolution of the mechanical properties of mortars and concretes shows pozzolanic reactions for the cupola slag. The fulfillment of the demands in terms of stability, flowability, and mechanical properties required for this type of concrete, and the savings of natural resources derived from the valorization of waste, make these sustainable concretes a viable option for countless applications in civil engineering.
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35

Li, Chia-Chun, Chi-Ming Lin, Yu-En Chang, Wei-Ti Chang, and Weite Wu. "Stabilization and Crystal Characterization of Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag Modified with Ladle Furnace Slag and Alumina." Metals 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10040501.

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Ladle furnace slag (LFS) is a by-product of a steel plant. As the chemical composition and free lime (f-CaO) content of each batch of slag are significantly different, it is difficult to use the same operation method to recover LFS. In this study, three types of LFS were used to partially replace lime in the dephosphorization process, and the compositions were adjusted to a fixed range by adding Al2O3. This method reduced the effect of different LFS components and significantly reduced the Ca2SiO4 amount (from 31.4% to 17.1%) in the produced modified oxidizing slag. Furthermore, after dephosphorization, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the three LFSs indicated transformation into gehlenite and wustite. The modified oxidizing slag f-CaO content was 0.41%, which was lower than that in the electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (1.2–1.4%) and the LFS (0.9–3.4%). In addition, the expansion test results of the modified oxidizing slag showed almost no expansion, which conforms to the ASTM D2940 standards; thus, this material can be used for preparing paving materials. This study provides an approach for LFS treatment that could reduce costs within the steel industry.
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Zhang, Na, Le Wu, Xiaoming Liu, and Yihe Zhang. "Structural characteristics and cementitious behavior of basic oxygen furnace slag mud and electric arc furnace slag." Construction and Building Materials 219 (September 2019): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.156.

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Lu, Xiang, Wenbin Dai, Xiaoming Liu, Daqiang Cang, and Liang Zhou. "Effect of basicity on cementitious activity of modified electric arc furnace steel slag." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 2 (2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018069.

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Electric arc furnace steel slag was modified by wastes in hot-stage process with the aim to improve the cementitious activity. Effect of basicity on cementitious activity of modified steel slag was investigated in this research. The modified slag was characterized by XRD, DTA and Raman spectra techniques to investigate the correlations between structural features and the cementitious activity. The results showed that modified steel slag with a basicity index of 1.67 possessed the highest activity index, 107%, due to the precipitation of Belite, high content of amorphous phase and low polymerization degree. The polymerization degree of modified slag was demonstrated by nonbridging oxygen per tetrahedrally coordinated cations value which was calculated through curve-fitted Raman spectra. The value of modified slag increased as the basicity promoted from 1.05 to 1.67, indicating a lower degree of polymerization. Modified slag with a basicity index of 1.86 possessed the poor cementitious activity mainly because of the significant decrease of glass phase content.
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38

Faleschini, Flora, Mariano Angelo Zanini, Katya Brunelli, and Carlo Pellegrino. "Use of Electric Arc Furnace Slag for High Strength Concrete Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 847 (July 2016): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.847.537.

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In this paper the use of Electric Arc Furnace slag (EAF slag) for the production of High-Performances Concrete (HPC) is explored, as a fully replacement of the natural gravel. Several mixtures were produced, varying the water/cement ratio, the cement and the admixture content, with the aim of reaching a strength class between C50/60 and C60/75, and an S4 consistency class, as defined in EN 206-1. Mechanical properties of EAF concretes were compared with reference conglomerates; a complementary microstructural analysis was performed, with SEM observation after concrete specimens' failure. Results indicate that the use of EAF slag in concrete allows reaching higher compressive strength than with coarse natural aggregates. Lastly, the environmental benefits obtained through the use of recycled aggregates are shown, by means of the application of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool properly developed for this scope.
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39

Xue, Botao, Lingzhi Yang, Yufeng Guo, Feng Chen, Shuai Wang, Fuqiang Zheng, and Zeshi Yang. "Design and Construction of a Laboratory-Scale Direct-Current Electric Arc Furnace for Metallurgical and High-Titanium Slag Smelting Studies." Metals 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11050732.

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A novel direct-current electric arc furnace (DC-EAF) was designed and constructed in this study for experimentally investigating high-titanium slag smelting, with an emphasis on addressing the issues of incomplete separation of metal and slag as well as poor insulation effects. The mechanical components (crucible, electrode, furnace lining, etc.) were designed and developed, and an embedded crucible design was adopted to promote metal-slag separation. The lining and bottom thicknesses of the furnace were determined via calculation using the heat balance equations, which improved the thermal insulation. To monitor the DC-EAF electrical parameters, suitable software was developed. For evaluating the performance of the furnace, a series of tests were run to determine the optimal coke addition under the conditions of constant temperature (1607 °C) and melting time (90 min). The results demonstrated that for 12 kg of titanium-containing metallized pellets, 4% coke was the most effective for enrichment of TiO2 in the high-titanium slag, with the TiO2 content reaching 93.34%. Moreover, the DC-EAF met the design requirements pertaining to lining thickness and facilitated metal-slag separation, showing satisfactory performance during experiments.
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40

Teo, Pao Ter, Anasyida Abu Seman, Projjal Basu, and Nurulakmal Mohd Sharif. "Chemical, Thermal and Phase Analysis of Malaysia’s Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Slag Waste." Materials Science Forum 840 (January 2016): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.399.

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This study aims to characterize and investigate properties of EAF slag waste obtained from Southern Steel Berhad, Penang (one of Malaysia’s largest steel makers), prior to its recycling into valuable products. Before characterization, lump form of the EAF slag was crushed into micron size powder. The properties investigated were loss of ignition (L.O.I.), chemical composition, leaching behavior, thermal properties and mineral phases present. Through XRF characterization, the chemical composition of the EAF slag was obtained. The slag was found to have extremely low L.O.I. (0.01 wt.%). Leaching test proved the slag is non-hazardous and safe to be handled. Meanwhile, thermal analysis (TGA) revealed the EAF slag is thermally stable and unlikely to decompose upon heating. Phase identification and quantification were performed by applying Rietveld refinement method. The EAF slag consisted of gehlenite (Al2O3.2CaO.SiO2 – 45.3 wt.%), larnite (2CaO.SiO2 – 21.0 wt.%), hematite (Fe2O3 – 13.4 wt.%) and wustite (FeO – 20.3 wt.%) mineral phases. The XRD profile fitted well with agreement indices of the refinement (Rwp: 6.658 and GOF: 2.588). The properties investigated in this study are expected to shed lights in evaluating the potential recycling of the EAF slag into various valuable products such as aggregate, brick, ceramic tile and cementing material.
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41

Gobetti, Anna, Giovanna Cornacchia, and Giorgio Ramorino. "Innovative Reuse of Electric Arc Furnace Slag as Filler for Different Polymer Matrixes." Minerals 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080832.

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The European steel industry produces about 70 million tons/year of steel by the electric arc furnace (EAF). The slag consists of about 15% by weight of the produced steel, thus from the perspective of the circular economy, it has a high potential as a co-product. This research aims to assess an innovative reuse of EAF slag as filler in different polymer matrixes: thermoplastic (polypropylene), thermosetting (epoxy resin), elastomeric (nitrile butadiene rubber), and recycled end of life rubber tire. A comparison between neat polymer and polymer filled with a certain amount of EAF slag has been carried out by tensile (or flexural), compression, and hardness tests. Experimental results show that slag as a filler increases the composites’ hardness and elastic modulus at the expense of toughness. For a safe reuse of the slag, the leaching of hazardous elements must comply with current legislation. It was found that, although the used EAF slag releases small amounts of Cr, Mo, and V, incorporating it into a polymer matrix reduces the leaching. The EAF slag particles distribution has been observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The obtained results show good technical feasibility of this innovative slag application so that it could pave the way to a new industrial symbiosis between dissimilar sectors, bringing economic and environmental benefits.
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42

Hsieh, Hsin Han, Chao Shi Chen, Shih Yin Chang, and Shih Hsien Chang. "Utilization of Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag in Construction Materials." Key Engineering Materials 801 (May 2019): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.801.430.

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The electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EOS) is the by-product produced in the steelmaking process. The amount of EOS production through the process is very large. If it is disposed in the environment, the exposed EOS may cause severe damage to the surrounding. The EOS has the potential of replacement for construction materials. However, a large amount of lime is added to the steelmaking process to release free calcium oxide (f-CaO). The calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) which produced by calcium oxide hydration after a long time may cause material volume expansion which result in the disadvantage effects on volumetric stability. According to various experiments on volumetric stability in this study, the average content of the free calcium oxide in the fine EOS is 0.64% and the average content the free calcium oxide in the coarse EOS is extremely low. The test result is determined by the ethylene glycol method. The EOS is made into cement mortar bars (water:cement:EOS = 0.5:1:3), the results showed that the cement mortar bars cracked after autoclave expansion test. The volumetric stability of the EOS is unqualified.
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43

Iwanaga, K., E. Fuchigami, S. Matsuoka, and H. Shimazu. "Utilization of Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag as Concrete Aggregates." Concrete Journal 36, no. 12 (1998): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.36.12_11.

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44

Drizo, Aleksandra, Christiane Forget, Robert P. Chapuis, and Yves Comeau. "Phosphorus removal by electric arc furnace steel slag and serpentinite." Water Research 40, no. 8 (May 2006): 1547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.02.001.

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45

Hekal, E. E., S. A. Abo-El-Enein, S. A. El-Korashy, G. M. Megahed, and T. M. El-Sayed. "Hydration characteristics of Portland cement – Electric arc furnace slag blends." HBRC Journal 9, no. 2 (August 2013): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2013.05.006.

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46

Arribas, Idoia, Amaia Santamaría, Estela Ruiz, Vanesa Ortega-López, and Juan M. Manso. "Electric arc furnace slag and its use in hydraulic concrete." Construction and Building Materials 90 (August 2015): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.003.

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47

Nikolić, Irena, Ana Drinčić, Dijana Djurović, Ljiljana Karanović, Vuk V. Radmilović, and Velimir R. Radmilović. "Kinetics of electric arc furnace slag leaching in alkaline solutions." Construction and Building Materials 108 (April 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.01.038.

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48

Kim, Kee-seok, In-kook Bae, Joo-beom Seo, Jae-Seok Choi, Yoon-kyu Lee, and Hyung-seok Kim. "Properties of Reformed Electric Arc Furnace Slag as Cement Admixtures." Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling 24, no. 6 (December 30, 2015): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2015.24.6.31.

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49

Sakaroglou, Marianna, and Georgios Anastassakis. "Nickel recovery from electric arc furnace slag by magnetic separation." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy A: Mining 53, no. 1 (2017): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jmma1701003s.

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50

Gallego, J., M. A. Del Val, V. Contreras, and A. Páez. "Use of additives to improve the capacity of bituminous mixtures to be heated by means of microwaves." Materiales de Construcción 67, no. 325 (February 14, 2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2017.00416.

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This study examines the potential of adding electric arc furnace slag to bituminous mixtures to be heated by microwaves. The susceptibility of bituminous mixtures to microwave energy is limited and so, in order to improve the energy performance of the heating process, it is necessary to incorporate additives or components to the mixture so as to improve the capacity for microwave heating. The article presents the results of adding various components, (steel wool, scrap tire wire, silicon carbide, iron filings) and an alternative aggregate: electric arc furnace slag. According to the results obtained in the laboratory, slag addition of at least 5% by weight of the bituminous mixture represents the best option for both technical and economic reasons. The results may promote the valorization of this steel industry residue in bituminous mixtures by improving microwave heating response.
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