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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric arc furnace'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 24 January 2023

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1

Nikolaev, A. A., P. G. Tulupov, O. S. Malakhov, and S. S. Ryzhevol. "IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC MODES CONTROL SYSTEMS OF ELECTRIC ARC FURNACES THROUGH THE USE OF AN ADAPTIVE IMPEDANCE REGULATOR." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series "Power Engineering" 21, no. 4 (2021): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/power210410.

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The article discusses an improved automatic electrodes movement control system for electric arc furnaces (arc steel-making furnaces and ladle-furnace installations), which improves the dynamic parameters of the quality of secondary electrical circuit impedance (s) control due to the use of a new structure of a nonlinear adaptive impedance controller. The use of an improved control system stabilizes the metal charge melting process in arc steel-making furnaces as well as the liquid steel heating process in ladle-furnace installations with intensive bottom blowing. This allows for the technical effect of reduced operating time under current and reduced specific power consumption in electric arc furnaces. The non-linear adaptive impedance controller provides full linearization of control loops, including a proportional directional control valve (servo valve) with a non-linear control characteristic and a secondary electrical circuit with a non-linear dependence of impedance on the arc length. The research used a complex mathematical model of the electric circuit of an electric arc furnace, hydraulic drives for moving electrodes and an automatic control system for moving electrodes, implemented in the MATLAB Simulink mathematical package. The effectiveness of the improved control system in the conditions of the existing metallurgical production was evaluated against the example of the “RADUGA NPA PK” control system, developed at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “MSTU im. Nosov” and a ladle-furnace operating at the installation in the electric steel-smelting shop of PJSC “Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant”. The developed improved control system can be used in other modern electric arc furnaces of various capacities operating at metallurgical enterprises in Russia and abroad.

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2

Korneev, S. V., and I. A. Trusova. "Efficiency of using alternative sources of heat in electric melting of metal." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-4-99-105.

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The paper considers ways to assess the efficiency of using alternative sources of heat when melting alloys in electric arc furnaces. The focus is on increasing furnace productivity and reducing production costs. The analysis of the use of various systems for intensifying melting in arc furnaces and their main indicators is carried out. An assessment of the efficiency of fuel use in electric arc furnaces has been carried out. The expected economic effect from the introduction of alternative energy sources in electric furnaces has been calculated. It is shown that the economic effect from the introduction of alternative energy sources on electric arc furnaces depends significantly on the increase in furnace productivity.

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3

Ilutiu-Varvara, Dana Adriana, Liviu Brandusan, and Elena Maria Pică. "Researches Regarding the Air Pollution with Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) to the Steelmaking." Advanced Engineering Forum 8-9 (June 2013): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.8-9.115.

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The paper presents the experimental researches regarding the air pollution with sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the steelmaking in the electric arc furnace. It presents a method for determining the sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations from the steelmaking, the diagram variation of the sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations over time during specific technological stages of the steelmaking process and the potential sources that generate the sulfur dioxide (SO2) to steelmaking process in the electric arc furnaces. The air pollution during steelmaking in electric arc furnaces is manifested throughout this process, which includes the following technological stages: furnace charging, charge melting, refining, dephosphorization, desulphurization, deoxidizing, alloying and evacuation. Considering the stages of steelmaking in the electric arc furnace that have the potential to generate sulfur dioxide (SO2), it was assessed its generation evolution for the following technological stages: melting, refining, desulphurization and deoxidizing. The experimental researches were performed on two electric arc furnaces with a capacity of 10 and 30 tons. The highest concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were recorded during the desulfurization technological stage. After this stage, it has been recorded a significant reduction in sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. The sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations from the electric arc furnace with the capacity of 30 tons are higher than those recorded in the furnace of 10 tons with 30-40%.

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4

Olczykowski, Zbigniew. "Arc Voltage Distortion as a Source of Higher Harmonics Generated by Electric Arc Furnaces." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 3628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103628.

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Due to high unit capacities, electric arc furnaces are among the receivers that significantly affect the power system from which they are supplied. Arc furnaces generate a number of disturbances to the power grid, including fast-changing voltage fluctuations causing the phenomenon of flickering light, asymmetry, and deformation of the voltage curve. The main issues discussed in the article are problems related to the distortion of current and voltage waveforms, resulting from the operation of electric arc furnaces. An analysis of the indices characterizing the voltage distortion recorded in the supply network of the arc furnaces is presented. The changes in the range of current and voltage waveform deformation in individual smelting phases in the arc furnace are also presented. Furthermore, the changes in the degree of deformation of the current and voltage waveforms in the individual smelting phases in an arc furnace are presented. A multi-voltage electric arc model used in computer simulations is proposed.

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5

López, Félix A., and Aurora López-Delgado. "Enhancement of Electric Arc Furnace Dust by Recycling to Electric Arc Furnace." Journal of Environmental Engineering 128, no. 12 (December 2002): 1169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2002)128:12(1169).

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6

Qi, Guo Chao, Feng Jun Shan, Qiang Li, and Jing Yuan Yu. "Energy Saving by Applying 3000kVA Electric Arc Furnace in Fused Magnesia Production." Materials Science Forum 749 (March 2013): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.749.299.

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Fused magnesia is an essential basic material for metal making and construction industries. Fused magnesia is usually produced with mineral arc furnace. In China, 1600 kVA arc furnaces are widely used as fused magnesia production facility. The unit power consumption for magnesia production is about 3000 kWh/t, higher than that in developed countries. In this research, a 3000 kVA new arc furnace was used to produce fused magnesia, and the unit consumption decreased to 2560kWh/t. The experimental results showed that the new furnace has good energy saving effect and market prospects.

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7

Łukasik, Zbigniew, and Zbigniew Olczykowski. "Estimating the Impact of Arc Furnaces on the Quality of Power in Supply Systems." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061462.

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Arc furnaces, due to their high unit power and load nature, belong to the receivers affecting the power quality. A dynamically changing electric arc is the main source of disturbances generated by arc devices. This current article presents the results of model tests of disturbances caused by arc furnaces. It also presents the attempts to estimate the power supply conditions for arc furnaces, so that they do not generate unacceptable disturbances to the power system. Various models of the electric arc are proposed. The values of the elements making up the furnace supply system were based on actual parameters. In these networks, measurements of electricity quality indicators were carried out, which allowed us to refer to the obtained results of model tests with the real values. Accordingly, to the real conditions, the values of the short-circuit power of the network and the power of furnace transformers were also adopted in the tests.

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8

Kotraba, Norman L. "Electric arc furnace dust treatment." JOM 42, no. 3 (March 1990): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03220901.

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9

Badalyan, N. P., G. P. Kolesnik, S. G. Solovyova, and Ye A. Chaschin. "SERIES COMPENSATION OF REACTIVE POWER IN A LOW-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT OF THE ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 45, no. 2 (December 17, 2018): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2018-45-2-42-51.

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ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to increase the energy efficiency of an arc furnace’s power supply system and low-voltage circuit. According to the aim of the research, the relevant tasks of determining the capacitor capacity for reactive power compensation and selecting a rational location for its installation are posed.MethodsWithin the framework of the previously developed concept of changing the parameters of the switching transformer in the series compensation circuit, issues of efficient use and consumption of electrical energy by a high power linear load under sinusoidal mode are considered. The installation of static compensators using a direct compensation method with automatic control including 12 stages of regulation is proposed as a means of increasing the efficiency of the arc furnace. Challenges involved in increasing the efficiency of electric power supply to alternating current arc furnaces using compensating reactive power in a low-voltage circuit are considered.ResultsThe viability of using the series compensation circuit of reactive power with the switching of capacitors in the winding of the higher voltage of the series switching transformer is demonstrated.ConclusionIt is shown that for efficient use and consumption of electric energy by highpower linear load under sinusoidal conditions, it is advisable to apply the series compensation of reactive power with the switching of capacitors in the winding of the higher voltage of the series switching transformer. This makes it possible to increase the efficiency coefficient of electric arc furnace power supply devices by reducing the power losses in the power supply system and in the furnace lowvoltage circuit by 1.6 times, as well as reducing the total load in the power transformer by 1.36 times.

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10

Singh, Amarjeet. "Comparative Analysis of Different Models of Electric Arc Furnace." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 10, no. 02 (December 25, 2018): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v10i02.4.

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The nonlinear and time varying nature of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) causes power quality problems such as harmonics, flicker and voltage /current imbalances. In order to analyze the power quality of power system containing EAF, mathematical model of arc furnace becomes useful and informative. This paper presents different models of alternating current operated arc furnace to analyze the power quality in electric power system. The behavior of these models under static and dynamic conditions is studied. A comparison is also made between these models of arc furnace. Simulation results in MATLAB/ SIMULINK shows the voltage/current wave forms and percentage harmonic component in arc furnace system.

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11

Sokolov, V. A., S. S. Kirov, and M. D. Gasparyan. "Evaluation of the dust and gas cleaning system during meltin of chrome containing refractories in electric arc furnace." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 9 (November 25, 2022): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2022-9-3-7.

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The problems of the presence and formation of hexavalent chromium during smelting in electric arc furnaces are discussed. The schemes of gas cleaning systems from chromium-containing gases of electric arc furnaces DS-0,5 and DSP-1,5, The gas cleaning system of furnace DS-0,5 includes a cyclone, two Venturi scrubbers and an electrostatic precipitator. The gas cleaning system of DSP-1,5 furnace consists of a cyclone, regulated and diffuzor scrubbers and two electrostatic precipitators BVKO. It is shown that industrial production of fused chrome-containing refractories can be ensured under safe conditions by using the mentioned dust and gas cleaning systems. Ill. 4. Ref. 4. Tab. 1.

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12

Kruchinin, Anatoliy M., Mikhail Ya Pogrebisskiy, Elena S. Ryazanova, and Andrey Yu Chursin. "Determining the Rational Electrical Operation Modes of Industrial Electric Arc Furnaces." Vestnik MEI 3, no. 3 (2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2021-3-51-57.

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The choice of a rational electrical mode of existing or newly commissioned electric arc furnaces (EAFs) is a very difficult task for process engineers in view of the influence of external disturbing factors. Based on an electric arc heat-transfer model (EAHTM), a method is proposed, using which the problem of determining the optimal electrical operation mode can be solved with the minimal number of simplifications and assumptions, and with taking into account the specific features of a particular EAF. In solving the problem, the following factors are taken into account: the arc heat transfer conditions in the melting space; the influence of the thermal operation conditions of the electrodes and the arc length on the structure of heat fluxes during the heating by arcs, and the effect the chemical composition of the working medium has on the thermophysical properties of the arc column plasma. The radiation from EAF arcs with taking into account the column temperature profile is calculated using the method of universal arc characteristics based on the solution of a system of nonlinear algebraic equations of the EAHTM column cylindrical model. The arc length calculation is based on the EAHTM structural characteristics method and consists of comparing the arc voltage value calculated using the furnace equivalent circuit equation and the arc voltage calculated using the EAHTM. Knowing the arc length, it is possible to calculate the arc radiation power in the EAF melting space. The choice of an electrical operation mode implies specifying an electrical parameter to be maintained by the controller for a certain period of melting. The value of this parameter (arc current or the EAF phase loop impedance) governs the other electrical parameters of the electric furnace installation, such as arc power, electrical losses, power factors, efficiency, etc. In addition, the correct choice of the electrical operation mode has an influence on other important operational characteristics, such as the specific consumption of electrodes, the duration of the interval between repairs, etc.

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13

Aghajanian, Ali, Carlos Thomas, and Kiachehr Behfarnia. "Effect of Micro-Silica Addition into Electric Arc Furnace Steel Slag Eco-Efficient Concrete." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 4893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114893.

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Concrete produced from electric arc furnace steel slag aggregates is one of the items that is highly regarded due to its strength, environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Despite the growing interest in using this type of concrete, there are still doubts about the mix proportions and addition effects of electric arc furnace steel slags. In this paper, the performance of replacing natural aggregates by electric arc furnace steel slags aggregate is comprehensively investigated and its effect on mechanical properties is analysed. The relationship between the percentage of replacement of natural aggregate using electric arc furnace steel slags aggregate in two parts of coarse aggregate and fine-grained aggregate and the effect of each of these parts on mechanical properties in concrete is investigated, which may identify the optimal mix proportions of each aggregate that help to improve the strength of the eco efficient concrete using electric arc furnace steel slags.

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14

Kruchinin, A. M., M. Ya Pogrebisskiy, E. S. Ryazanova, and A. Y. Chursin. "The arc voltage gradient as a multifactorial basic electrical characteristic of an arc steelmaking furnace." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 4 (2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2022-4-23-31.

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The structure of the complex process of heating with an electric arc in an arc steelmaking furnace (ASF) due to radiation and convection depends primarily on the length of the arc. Identification of arc length required in process of melting control in ASF is impossible without knowledge of arc voltage gradient values. The arc voltage gradient is highly dependent on the temperature of the furnace and thereby on the heat exchange conditions of the arc in the melting space of the furnace during melting. Using the example of ASF, an engineering technique for determining the arc voltage gradient as a multifactorial basic electrical characteristic is proposed. Using the methods of the electric arc heat exchange model allows performing a basic two-factor version of the analytical calculation of the average voltage gradient of the arc column as a function of two parameters - the reactance of the furnace and the secondary voltage of the furnace transformer. Correction of the basic function is shown taking into account the value of the resistance of the equivalent ASF circuit and the electrode thermal mode index. The proposed method allows, already at the stage of development of the detailed design specification, to calculate analytically the most important energy physical characteristics of the ASF and, as a result, to choose a rational electrical mode of the ASF in order to improve energy and dynamic smelting indicators.

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Khrestin, R. N. "MODELING PARAMETERS OF ARC OF ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE." Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, no. 4 (August 29, 2015): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2015.4.08.

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16

Ma, Shaobo, Zhaohui Zhang, Shuxiang Xu, Xintao Li, and Lu Feng. "Recovery of zinc from electric arc furnace dust by vacuum carbothermal reduction." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 4 (2021): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021058.

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Recently, the proportion of electric furnace steelmaking has increased rapidly, and the content of electric arc furnace dust has increased. Through comprehensive recovery of electric arc furnace dust, the harm of metallurgical solid waste can be reduced and economic value can be created. In this paper, it gives a common outline about the known recycling techniques from electric arc furnace dusts and presents the carbothermal reduction under vacuum. The evolution in reduction products in the process of vacuum carbothermal reduction of zinc-containing electric arc furnace dust is studied using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase and micro-morphology analysis. The thermodynamic conditions for reduction are computed using Factsage 7.1 program. Through thermodynamic study, it is found that the initial temperature of reducing zinc oxide decreases as the pressure of the system drops. In the process of the vacuum carbothermal reduction experiment, the type of reducing agent, reduction temperature, carbon content, and reaction time are studied. According to the test results, the optimum process parameters are determined as follows: reduction time 30 min, reduction temperature 1273 K. The dezincification effect of electric arc furnace dust can reach over 99%.

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17

Logar, Vito, and Igor Škrjanc. "The Influence of Electric-Arc-Furnace Input Feeds on its Electrical Energy Consumption." Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy 7, no. 3 (July 6, 2021): 1013–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40831-021-00390-y.

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AbstractOperation of the electric arc furnaces (EAFs) is a subject to consider fluctuations in terms of its key performance indicators, such as the electrical energy consumption (EEC), tap-to-tap time, steel yield, and others. In this paper, a more detailed analysis of the electric arc furnace data is performed, investigating its EEC. It is well known that the EEC is affected by the weight and the type of charged scrap, the operational delays, and the tapping temperature. On the other hand, one can also deduce that the feeds, such as the carbon and the oxygen, could also affect the EEC, due to their role in redox equations and impact to the bath energy balance. Therefore, special attention is devoted to the analysis of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio during the electric arc furnace operation and the consequent influence of the oxygen availability on the EEC. Statistical analysis of more than 2500 heats of data, which were clustered according to the produced steel grade and the charged scrap mixture, has revealed that besides the beforementioned factors, fluctuations in EEC could appear also due to different amounts of added carbon and oxygen. Since the furnace operators usually rely on predefined guidelines and their own experience when actuating the furnace, a simplistic statistical approach can be used to reveal some of the weaknesses in the control routines, which can be used as a starting point to improve their actuation, leading to decreased energy consumption. Graphical Abstract

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18

Kukharev, Alexsey, Vyacheslav Bilousov, Ecaterina Bilousov, and Vitaly Bondarenko. "The Peculiarities of Convective Heat Transfer in Melt of a Multiple-Electrode Arc Furnace." Metals 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2019): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111174.

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The modern direction of improving the technology of steel production in high-power arc furnaces is the intensification of magnetohydrodynamic effects for mixing the melt. In this article, a furnace design is proposed that contains three roof arc and three bottom electrodes, which provides the formation of additional eddy currents in the melt when the furnace is supplied with direct current or a low-frequency current. For a numerical study of the features of heat transfer in the melt of this furnace, a three-dimensional mathematical model of magnetohydrodynamic and thermal processes was used. The results were processed using the methods of visualization of vortex structures and the Richardson criterion. In an oven with a capacity of 180 tons at currents in the electrodes of 80 kA, the conditions for the interaction of electric vortex and thermogravitational convection were studied. Results showed that thermogravitational convection due to nonuniform heating of the melt led to a decrease in the size of the main electric vortex flow and the formation of an additional flow near the side walls of the furnace. The features of azimuthal flows formed in the areas of electric arcs and hearth electrodes were analyzed. Results showed that the multivortex structure of the flows that formed in the furnace allowed the volume of stagnant zones to be reduced and provided acceptable melt mixing conditions. The results can be used to improve the energy and structural parameters of three-electrode arc furnaces.

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19

Manso, Juan M., Javier J. Gonzalez, and Juan A. Polanco. "Electric Arc Furnace Slag in Concrete." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 16, no. 6 (December 2004): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2004)16:6(639).

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20

Fey, MauriceG. "Electric arc-fired blast furnace system." Journal of Heat Recovery Systems 6, no. 1 (January 1986): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-7593(86)90182-7.

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21

Mombelli, Davide, Carlo Mapelli, Andrea Gruttadauria, Claudio Baldizzone, Francesco Magni, Pier Luca Levrangi, and Piero Simone. "Analisys of Electric Arc Furnace Slag." steel research international 83, no. 11 (July 16, 2012): 1012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201100259.

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22

Pelino, M., A. Karamanov, P. Pisciella, S. Crisucci, and D. Zonetti. "Vitrification of electric arc furnace dusts." Waste Management 22, no. 8 (December 2002): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(02)00080-6.

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23

Olczykowski, Zbigniew. "Arc Furnace Power-Susceptibility Coefficients." Energies 15, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155508.

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The article presents the susceptibility coefficients active power kp and reactive power kq, as proposed by the author. These coefficients reflect the reaction of arc furnaces (change of the furnace operating point) to supply voltage fluctuations. The considerations were based on the model of the arc device in which the electric arc was replaced with a voltage source with an amplitude dependent on the length of the arc. In the case of voltage fluctuations, such a model gives an assessment of the arc device’s behavior closer to reality than the model used, based on replacing the arc with resistance. An example of the application of the kp and kq coefficients in a practical solution is presented.

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24

Nikolić, Irena. "Waste management in steelmaking by EAF route." Serbian Journal of Engineering Management 7, no. 2 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjem2202001n.

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Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) are the waste materials from the steel production by EAF route which implies remelting of iron and steel scrap in electric arc furnaces (EAF). In recent years, special attention is paid on the valorisation of EAFS and EAFD since disposing the both may cause negative impacts on the environment. In this paper, the methods that are in use to process EAFS and EAFD have been reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are also addressed. Literature data indicates that EAFS can be successfully valorised in civil engineering, wastewaters treatments and as a soil nutrient in agriculture, while the presence of valuable elements in EAFD is motivational factors for the recycling of EAFD. Moreover, valorisation of EAFD through vitrification and stabilization/solidification processes is also widely discussed.

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Ohol, Sandeep, Mathew VK, Savita Shinde, and G. Balachandran. "Heat balance analysis in electric arc furnace for process improvement." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017002012.

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The current study deals with optimizing the melting process used in electric arc furnace by heat balance equations. Heat balance is a very important aspect in an arc furnace in which the energy input consists of electrical energy [65%], chemical energy [25%] and exothermic reaction heat [10%]. This energy is optimized with the charge mix, charge quantity, fluxes, fuel used, and O2 used in the burners. The present model considers all these aspects and gives heat distribution in the process. The model spreadsheet gives a reasonable prediction in terms of metal yield, composition, and energy consumption. The model also predicts the amount of iron oxidized in the process. The mass and heat balance model is a useful tool for process analysis and improves the process efficiency of electric arc furnace steelmaking.

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Shkirmontov, A. P. "Smelting of ferrosilicum from the position of energy and technology criteria of ferroalloys electric arc furnace operation." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information, no. 8 (September 1, 2018): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-43-49.

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For estimation of ferroalloy-producing electric arc furnace operation efficiency an energy and technology criteria proposed. Its physical meaning is as follows: it determines a share of energy from the current source, in particular its useful part, spent by ore reduction carbon-thermal process of a ferroalloy production (ferrosilicum, ferrochrome, ferromanganeese), taking into account heat losses and degree of extraction of the leading element into the alloy.Results of an analysis of ferroalloys smelting parameters in electric arc furnaces via carbon-thermal process by example of smelting FeSi using energy and technology criteria of ferroalloys furnace operation presented. It was shown, that while increasing values of energy and technology criteria, the specific consumption of electric power per one basic tonne of the alloy is reducing. For mid power electric furnaces that melted 75% FeSi, the energy and technology criteria of ferroalloys furnace operation corresponds to a range from 0.300 to 0.314. At the same time, the specific electric power consumption is from 9.0 to 8.6 MW∙h/t of the alloy. A satisfactory, but less efficient version of the furnace operation is the range of energy and technology criteria from 0.272 to 0.293 and specific electricity consumption of electric power varies from 9.8 to 9.2 MW∙h/t of alloy. Such a complex value can be considered as the main element of the energy and technological audit of the ferroalloy furnace facility, as well as to identify effective operating modes, analysis of usage of various types of charge materials (ore raw materials, carbonaceous reductants) and the application of innovative melting technologies.

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Sheshukov, O. Yu, D. K. Egiazar’yan, and D. A. Lobanov. "Wasteless processing of ladle furnace and electric arc furnace slag." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 3 (April 9, 2021): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-3-192-199.

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The actual problem of mineral resources depletion in ferrous metallurgy can be effectively solved by complex reuse of technogenic waste. That waste is mostly presented by EAF (electric arc furnace) slag and LF (ladle furnace) slag. These two kinds of slag have no complex full utilization. The residues of slag are going to the dump and then the slag dump locations pollute the environment. However, the residues of EAF and LF slag can be transformed into the valuable industrial product by interaction of the slag components. This work presents the research for joint wasteless processing of EAF and LF slag with production of Portland clinker and cast iron. The article describes disadvantages of known methods of each slag processing; the paper also shows the significance of LF slag utilization. Design and calculations of the research are presented as well as its experiment methodology. The final results show five chemical compositions for the mixtures, which allow the complex processing of this slag without any waste left. Such processing provides the production of cast iron and Portland clinker both meeting requirements of normative documents. The paper also describes the results of viscosity measurements of slag compositions, the obtained slag phases, and presents the final temperature conditions. The work also considers the results of industrial tests for the developed processing technology and a complete technological chain involving the use of tilt rotary furnaces.

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Hudym, V. I., V. V. Kosovska, N. P. Yavorska, and T. I. Danko. "TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THREE-PHASE ELECTRIC-ARC STEEL FURNACE." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2021, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2021.01.061.

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The technological units of electric arc steel remelting are among the most energy-intensive consumers for whom the problem of energy saving is extremely urgent. The proposed reconstruction of the electric-arc steel furnace is aimed at reducing the amount of electricity consumption. The feasibility study makes it possible to assess the technical and economic parameters of project of an electric-arc steel furnace reconstruction. The simulation results of the reconstructed electric furnace showed that due to the optimal placement of electric arcs in the electric furnace space, the duration of the metal melting stage can be reduced by approximately 19 min. Cost-effectiveness calculations for the implementation of the innovative solution showed that reducing the duration of steel remelting in a reconstructed furnace reduces the electricity consumption by approximately 28% per process. The article takes into account only the reduction of electricity consumption, but does not take into account the possibility of improving the productivity of the furnace by increasing the number of technological processes per shift. References 7, figures 3, table 1.

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Kiyoumarsi, Arash, Abolfazl Nazari, Mohammad Ataei, Hamid Khademhosseini Beheshti, and Rahmat‐Allah Hooshmand. "Electromagnetic analysis of an AC electric arc furnace including the modeling of an AC arc." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 29, no. 3 (May 11, 2010): 667–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321641011028242.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a 3D finite element model of the electromagnetic fields in an AC three‐phase electric arc furnace (EAF). The model includes the electrodes, arcs, and molten bath.Design/methodology/approachThe electromagnetic field in terms of time in AC arc is also modeled, utilizing a 3D finite element method (3D FEM). The arc is supposed to be an electro‐thermal unit with electrical power as input and thermal power as output. The average Joule power, calculated during the transient electromagnetic analysis of the AC arc furnace, can be used as a thermal source for the thermal analysis of the inner part of furnace. Then, by attention to different mechanisms of heat transfer in the furnace (convection and radiation from arc to bath, radiation from arc to the inner part of furnace and radiation from the bath to the sidewall and roof panel of the furnace), the temperature distribution in different parts of the furnace is calculated. The thermal model consists of the roof and sidewall panels, electrodes, bath, refractory, and arc. The thermal problem is solved in the steady state for the furnace without slag and with different depths of slag.FindingsCurrent density, voltage and magnetic field intensity in the arcs, molten bath and electrodes are predicted as a result of applying the three‐phase AC voltages to the EAF. The temperature distribution in different parts of the furnace is also evaluated as a result of the electromagnetic field analysis.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper considers an ideal condition for the AC arc. Non‐linearity of the arc during the melting, which leads to power quality disturbances, is not considered. In most prior researches on the electrical arc furnace, a non‐linear circuit model is usually used for calculation of power quality phenomena distributions. In this paper, the FEM is used instead of non‐linear circuits, and calculated voltage and current densities in the linear arc model. The FEM results directly depend on the physical properties considered for the arc.Originality/valueSteady‐state arc shapes, based on the Bowman model, are used to calculate and evaluate the geometry of the arc in a real and practical three‐phase AC arc furnace. A new approach to modeling AC arcs is developed, assuming that the instantaneous geometry of the AC arc at any time is constant and is similar to the geometry of a DC arc with the root mean square value of the current waveform of the AC arc. A time‐stepping 3D FEM is utilized to calculate the electromagnetic field in the AC arc as a function of time.

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Sofilic, T., J. Jendričko, Z. Kovačevic, and M. Ćosić. "Measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran emission from EAF steel making proces." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0089-1.

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Electric arc furnace (EAF) steel manufacturing is an important recycling activity which contributes to the recovery of steel resources and steel scrap/waste minimization. Because of the content of plastics, coatings and paintings as well as other nonferrous materials in the charge during melting, a strong emission of pollutants, including polluting substance group consists of persistent organic pollutions (POPs) represented by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) occurs. This study was set out to investigate emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) from the stack of a new electric-arc furnace-dust treatment plant installed during modernisation of the Melt Shop in CMC SISAK d.o.o., Croatia. Obtained results have been compared with previously obtained results of PCDDs/Fs emission measurements from the old electric-arc furnace dust treatment without dust drop-out box, as well as quenching tower. The total PCDDs/Fs concentration in the stack off gases of both electric arc furnaces EAF A and EAF B were 0.2098 and 0.022603 ng I-TEQ/Nm3 respectively, and these results are close to previous obtained results by other authors. The calculated values of the emission factors for PCDDs/Fs calculated on the basis of measured PCDDs/Fs concentration in the stack off gases in 2008 and 2011 were 1.09 and 0.22 ng I-TEQ/ ton steel, respectively.

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Nikolaev, Alexander, Gennady Kornilov, and Evgeniy Povelitsa. "Developing and Testing of Improved Control System of Electric Arc Furnace Electrical Regimes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.488.

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The article deals with the description of an improved automatic control system for steel-making furnaces (electric arc furnaces and ladle furnaces) electrode positioning and the results of its production testing. The control performance of electrode positioning of the developed automatic control system was studied using a mathematical model, which included the main components of the system: the hydraulic drive of electrode positioning with a servo valve, electric circuit of the furnace described by Cassie nonlinear differential equation, impedance nonlinear controller. It was proved that a more accurate positioning makes it possible to significantly reduce electric power consumption per tap-to-tap cycle.

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Qi, Guo Chao, Feng Jun Shan, Qiang Li, and Jing Yuan Yu. "Analysis of Fused Magnesia Production Process with 3000kVA Electric Arc Furnace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 2143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.2143.

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The present study is related to a process development for producing high purity fused magnesia. A newly designed 3000 kVA electric arc furnace is used in the field experiment. The electric resistance characteristic of fused magnesia is analyzed and the effect of electrode diameters and electrode depth buried in molten magnesia on melting electric resistance and electric arc heat conversion are discussed in detail. It shows that, for the new 3000 kVA electric arc furnace, 350~450 mm diameter electrode and ~300mm depth in molten magnesia are suitable.

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Karalis, K., N. Karkalos, G. S. E. Antipas, and A. Xenidis. "Pragmatic analysis of the electric submerged arc furnace continuum." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 9 (September 2017): 170313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170313.

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A transient mathematical model was developed for the description of fluid flow, heat transfer and electromagnetic phenomena involved in the production of ferronickel in electric arc furnaces. The key operating variables considered were the thermal and electrical conductivity of the slag and the shape, immersion depth and applied electric potential of the electrodes. It was established that the principal stimuli of the velocities in the slag bath were the electric potential and immersion depth of the electrodes and the thermal and electrical conductivities of the slag. Additionally, it was determined that, under the set of operating conditions examined, the maximum slag temperature ranged between 1756 and 1825 K, which is in accordance with industrial measurements. Moreover, it was affirmed that contributions to slag stirring due to Lorentz forces and momentum forces due to the release of carbon monoxide bubbles from the electrode surface were negligible.

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Gao, Zhu, Xiao Min Ji, and Chun Qiang Zhang. "Dynamic Display of Industrial Furnace Products Based on the Technology of Virtual Reality." Advanced Materials Research 381 (November 2011): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.381.99.

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Taking some type of steelmaking electric arc furnace for example, this paper, by using 3DS MAX, conducts a dynamic simulation of such industrial furnaces based on 3D modeling of SolidWorks and realizes the virtual, dynamic and interactive demonstration of industrial furnaces combining with the virtual reality technology of WebMax.

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Straffelini, G., A. Gabos, L. Labiscsak, D. Bodino, S. Adinolfi, and F. Venturi. "Coupled modelling of electric arc furnace and ladle furnace processes." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 37, no. 3 (April 2010): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030192309x12506804200988.

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36

Odilov, Furkat, and Farrukhjon Abdullaev. "Improving The Technology Of Continuous Casting Of Steel Castings." American Journal of Engineering And Techonology 03, no. 04 (April 30, 2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume03issue04-17.

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This article describes the quality and cost-effectiveness of converting steels by melting them in electric arc furnaces. In addition, the technology of continuous casting of cast products in the furnace with the help of ferroalloys, followed by various equipment.

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M. A., Mikheenkov, Sheshukov O. Yu., and Lobanov D. A. "Reduction Of Environmental Pressure By Giving Cementing Material Properties To The Ferrous Slags." KnE Materials Science 2, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kms.v2i2.948.

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There are two main kinds of slag in modern steelmaking industry: the electric arc furnace slag (the EAF slag) which is produced in the manufacture of crude steel by the electric arc furnace process and the ladle furnace basic slag (the LF slag) which is produced at the final stages of steelmaking, when the steel is desulfurized in the transport ladle, during what is generally known as the secondary metallurgy process.

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Ioana, Adrian, Augustin Semenescu, Dragos Marcu, Massimo Pollifroni, and Monika Březinová. "Some Aspects about Product Management of Electric Arc Furnace Elements." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 1319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.1319.

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The methodology of establishing an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and technological plant’s best management strategy is based on the “technological process – technological plant” interdependences. The paper presents the best management of a plant and consists of an assembly of operations, measures and decisions, established and applied in order to make the technological process more efficient from the technical – economical point of view. We present constructive and functional description of an Electric Arc Furnace such as: refractory masonry; metallic construction; electric installation. We also present the best management of a plant consisting of an assembly of operations, measures and decisions, established and applied in order to make the technological process more efficient from the technical–economical point of view, Electric Arc Furnace management included.

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Cundeva, Snezana, and Mihail Digalovski. "Electric arc furnace transformer secondary circuit calculations." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 2 (2019): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1902181c.

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Pauna, Henri, Thomas Willms, Matti Aula, Thomas Echterhof, Marko Huttula, and Timo Fabritius. "Cyanide recombination in electric arc furnace plasma." Plasma Research Express 3, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): 025008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/abfc2a.

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Cano-Plata, Eduardo A., Armando J. Ustariz Farfan, and Oscar J. Soto Marin. "Electric Arc Furnace Model in Distribution Systems." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51, no. 5 (September 2015): 4313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2015.2429638.

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42

Rathaba, P. L., I. K. Craig, X. Xia, and P. C. Pistorius. "Identifiability of an Electric Arc Furnace Model." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 24 (October 2003): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)37609-7.

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Cano-Plata, Eduardo A., Oscar J. Soto-Marin, and Armando J. Ustariz-Farfan. "Life Assessment of Electric Arc Furnace Transformers." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53, no. 4 (July 2017): 4125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2688408.

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Bianco, Loris, Giulia Baracchini, Filippo Cirilli, Loredana Di Sante, Andrea Moriconi, Erica Moriconi, Millan Marcos Agorio, et al. "Sustainable Electric Arc Furnace Steel Production: GREENEAF." BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte 158, no. 1 (January 2013): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00501-012-0101-0.

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Saboohi, Yadollah, Amirhossein Fathi, Igor Skrjanc, and Vito Logar. "Optimization of the Electric Arc Furnace Process." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 66, no. 10 (October 2019): 8030–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2018.2883247.

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Hagni, Ann M., Richard D. Hagni, and Christelle Demars. "Mineralogical characteristics of electric arc furnace dusts." JOM 43, no. 4 (April 1991): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03220543.

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Lin, Xiaolong, Zhiwei Peng, Jiaxing Yan, Zhizhong Li, Jiann-Yang Hwang, Yuanbo Zhang, Guanghui Li, and Tao Jiang. "Pyrometallurgical recycling of electric arc furnace dust." Journal of Cleaner Production 149 (April 2017): 1079–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.128.

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Izumi, Kikuma, and Masakatsu Naruse. "Control System for DC Electric Arc Furnace." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 62, no. 3 (1991): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.62.198.

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Matsuura, Hiroyuki, and Richard J. Fruehan. "Slag Foaming in an Electric Arc Furnace." ISIJ International 49, no. 10 (2009): 1530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.49.1530.

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Golestani, Samaneh, and Haidar Samet. "Generalised Cassie–Mayr electric arc furnace models." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 10, no. 13 (October 6, 2016): 3364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.0405.

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