Journal articles: 'Electric distribution feeders'

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Goh, Hui Hwang, Sy yi Sim, Dahir Khere Diblawe, Mortar Mohamed Ali, Chin Wan Ling, Qing Shi Chua, and Kai Chen Goh. "Energy Power Plant in Electric Power Distribution Systems Equipping With Distance Protection." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp192-198.

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<p>This paper suggests the theory of distance protection criteria in power distribution systems for power plant generation. Multi-developed countries have energy power plants that placed in remote areas which are far from the grid line. Hence, they should be coupled to the low power transportation systems necessarily. While higher-rating relays are adopted to preserve feeders at power substations, fuses are merely obtainable outside on feeder channel. The safe system process, space protection is dispatched to save feeders. In this review, feeders with distance relays are equipped, together with over-current protection relays and fuses. Energy power plant having distance protection system is designed the implemented system was a 6-MW unit of compressed power energy reproduction. The sample feeder was shortened to be equal four-bus experiment feeder for transmitting resolution. The fault currents have chances adopted to form protecting regions of distance relays. Protection of the power line through the designed power plants for distance relaying can decrease problem in relay location because of the impedance-based location of the distance relay. </p>

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Jones, C. Birk, Matthew Lave, William Vining, and Brooke Marshall Garcia. "Uncontrolled Electric Vehicle Charging Impacts on Distribution Electric Power Systems with Primarily Residential, Commercial or Industrial Loads." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061688.

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An increase in Electric Vehicles (EV) will result in higher demands on the distribution electric power systems (EPS) which may result in thermal line overloading and low voltage violations. To understand the impact, this work simulates two EV charging scenarios (home- and work-dominant) under potential 2030 EV adoption levels on 10 actual distribution feeders that support residential, commercial, and industrial loads. The simulations include actual driving patterns of existing (non-EV) vehicles taken from global positioning system (GPS) data. The GPS driving behaviors, which explain the spatial and temporal EV charging demands, provide information on each vehicles travel distance, dwell locations, and dwell durations. Then, the EPS simulations incorporate the EV charging demands to calculate the power flow across the feeder. Simulation results show that voltage impacts are modest (less than 0.01 p.u.), likely due to robust feeder designs and the models only represent the high-voltage (“primary”) system components. Line loading impacts are more noticeable, with a maximum increase of about 15%. Additionally, the feeder peak load times experience a slight shift for residential and mixed feeders (≈1 h), not at all for the industrial, and 8 h for the commercial feeder.

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Serrano-Guerrero, X., B. Marín-Toro, C. Ochoa-Malhaber, and A. Barragán-Escandón. "Impact of the incorporation of photovoltaics distributed generation in electric distribution grids in Ecuador." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.319.

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The distributed generation (DG) allows electricity production to be closer to consumers, relieving the burden on distribution grid feeders. Interest in DG has increased in recent years due to its close relationship with smart grids and the development of carbon-free generation technologies. The Ciudad del Sol feeder in the city of Machala in Ecuador is one of the feeders with the highest electricity demand. This study evaluates the incorporation of DG in several consumers connected to this feeder. Depending on the range of energy consumption of each customer, different PV systems are proposed to meet their demands. The results of the study show that the installation of PV generation systems allows considerable savings on the electricity bill. In addition, the reduction of grid demand reduces Joule effect losses and improves voltage profiles. The results suggest that the massive incorporation of correctly dimensioned PV systems does not affect the operating conditions of a distribution power grid.

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Nta, Eric Effiong. "Evaluation of Electric Power Losses on 33/11 kV Distribution Feeder Networks in Uyo Urban, Nigeria Using Loss Factor Approach." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 6 (November 21, 2022): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2022.6.6.457.

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No matter how carefully a power system is designed, grid inefficiencies or load losses would happen, causing power unbalance between distribution and major load centers. It is therefore fundamental to clearly determine and identify electric power system losses for network improvement because of their financial-economic value to distribution companies and consumers. In this work, relevant data including monthly loading, feeder route length, and cross-sectional area of four 11 kV feeders namely, Aka, Ibrahim Babangida, Udo Udoma, and Idongesit Nkanga secretariat-dedicated feeders were obtained from the Port Harcourt Electricity Distribution (PHED) company technical office, Uyo, Nigeria for four years (January 2018 to December 2021) for the 33/11 kV Akwa Ibom State Secretariat Injection Substation and distribution feeder circuits. Average load, maximum load, load factor, loss factor, power losses in the feeders and total power loss in the system were computed and the results which were shown graphically revealed grid inefficiencies and power imbalance or losses which increased slightly on a yearly basis. The losses are due to heat dissipation, lack of maintenance of the power system components, transformer overloading, copper losses, core losses, lengthy feeder routes, and location/aging of the transformers. Suggestions were made in order to reduce further losses in the network.

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Kersting, W. H., and W. H. Phillips. "Modeling and analysis of rural electric distribution feeders." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 28, no. 4 (1992): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.148441.

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Adriani, Adriani. "Analisis Faktor Penurunan Gangguan Saluran Udara Tegangan Menengah (SUTM) Pada Penyulang Parangbanoa." VERTEX ELEKTRO 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/jte.v13i1.4818.

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The reliability of the electric power system is one of the most important things to pay attention to in order to maintain the performance of the three main pillars of PT. PLN (Persero). The problem that often occurs in the distribution sector is interference with feeders. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes of trip feeder disturbances in parangbanoa feeders at PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Kalebajeng. The problem that often occurs in the distribution sector is feeder disturbance. Based on the results of the ArcGIS (Geometry Informindo System) output, the potential causes of trip disruption in the parangbanua feeders are trees and plants that affect SUTM, animals on the network, damaged JTM components, broken insulators, and less tight connections causing hot temperatures. Maintenance activities carried out are divided into integrated maintenance. saving obtained is 7,418 kWh / week, and the gain obtained can reach Rp. 10,882,206, - / week, while the benefits are a reduction in the number of interruption of feeder trips.

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Teera-achariyakul, Noppada, and Dulpichet Rerkpreedapong. "Optimal Preventive Maintenance Planning for Electric Power Distribution Systems Using Failure Rates and Game Theory." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 5172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145172.

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Current electric utilities must achieve reliability enhancement of considerable distribution feeders with an economical budget. Thus, optimal preventive maintenance planning is required to balance the benefits and costs of maintenance programs. In this research, the proposed method determines the time-varying failure rate of each feeder to evaluate the likelihood of future interruptions. Meanwhile, the consequences of feeder interruptions are estimated using interruption energy rates, customer-minutes of interruption, and total kVA of service areas. Then, the risk is assessed and later treated as an opportunity for mitigating the customer interruption costs by planned preventive maintenance tasks. Subsequently, cooperative game theory is exploited in the proposed method to locate a decent balance between the benefits of reliability enhancement and the costs required for preventive maintenance programs. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through case studies of large power distribution networks of 12 service regions, including 3558 medium-voltage distribution feeders. The preventive maintenance plans resulting from the proposed method present the best compromise of benefits and costs compared with the conventional approach that requires a pre-specified maintenance budget.

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Chukwu, Uwakwe Christian, and Satish M. Mahajan. "Impact Assessment of V2G on the Power Loss of Unbalanced Radial Distribution Network." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 14, no. 5 (August 6, 2013): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2012-0012.

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Abstract Electric distribution feeders are inherently unbalanced and therefore have potential for severe power loss. The penetration of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) into the distribution feeders is expected to impact the power losses in the system. This is a pressing issue since power loss affects the operations, economics, and quality of service for the electric power systems. In this article, the impact of V2G parking lots on power losses of a radial distribution network is investigated. Two test networks were used in the study, namely: IEEE 13 and IEEE 123 Node test feeder networks. The test feeders and the V2G facilities were modeled in Radial Distribution Analysis Package (RDAP). Load flow results provided information on the power losses of the network. Results show that for a given penetration level, the impact of 3-phase and system-wide V2G integration on the power loss results in less power losses than 1-phase V2G integration. Results also indicate that operating the entire system such that V2G facilities will not compromise “near-balanced” state of operation and will have an improved impact on the power loss than highly unbalanced operation. The results obtained will be a useful tool for studying the impact of V2G on the power loss of a distribution network.

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Liu, Youbo, Yunche Su, Yue Xiang, Junyong Liu, Lingfeng Wang, and Weiting Xu. "Operational Reliability Assessment for Gas-Electric Integrated Distribution Feeders." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 10, no. 1 (January 2019): 1091–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2018.2844309.

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Jun Zhu, D. L. Lubkeman, and A. A. Girgis. "Automated fault location and diagnosis on electric power distribution feeders." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 12, no. 2 (April 1997): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.584379.

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Padmarasan, M., C. T. Manikandan, N. Karthikeyan, L. Jayaprakash, and C. S. Ajin Sekhar. "A Novel Analysis of Improving Displacement Factor Using IVDFC in Distribution Systems." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v6.i3.pp193-202.

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In this paper discuss the new approach for improving displacement factor using an Interline Dynamic Voltage Restoring and Displacement Factor Controlling Device (IVDFC) in a distribution system. An Interline Dynamic Voltage Restorer (IDVR) is perpetually engaged in distribution systems to mitigate voltage sag/swell problems. An IDVR simply consists of numerous dynamic voltage restorers (DVRs) sharing a common dc link connecting independent feeders to safe electric power to critical loads. The IDVR is operated that it hold the voltage across the critical load bus terminals constant at system nominal frequency irrespective of the changes occurring in source voltages frequency. While one of the DVRs compensates for the local voltage sag in its feeder, the other DVRs reload the common dc-link voltage. For normal voltage levels, the DVRs should be bypassed. Instead of bypassing the DVRs in normal conditions, this paper proposes operating the DVRs, if needed, to improve the displacement factor (DF) of one of the involved feeders. DF improvement can be achieved via active and reactive power exchange (PQ sharing) between different feeders. To successfully apply this concept, several constraints are addressed throughout the paper. The simulation model for this system is developed using MATLAB which is shown that the voltage across the critical load is regulated completely.

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Gozali, Suprihadi Prasetyono, and Rizkiyatul Mufaizah. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KEANDALAN SISTEM JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI BERKONFIGURASI RADIAL DAN LOOP MENGGUNAKAN METODE SECTION TECHNIQUE." JASEE Journal of Application and Science on Electrical Engineering 3, no. 02 (October 31, 2022): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jasee.v3i02.113.

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Electric power is needed in all sectors of life because basically, electric power is one of the basic human needs. With the existence of electric power in the daily activities of society and industry, it will also have an impact on increasing electrical energy which is increasing day by day. With the increasing number of consumers, the demand for quality in the supply of electrical energy will increase. So that the reliability of the electric power system is needed in increasing the availability of electricity to consumers. To find out that the distribution of electrical energy is maintained, it is necessary to have a very good level of reliability. The reliability method chosen in determining the reliability index is the Section Technique method. Section Technique is a structured method for analyzing a particular system. The results of calculations using the section technique method on the Arjasa feeder with loop configuration obtained a SAIFI reliability index of 1.5471 times/year, SAIDI of 1.1843 hours/year, and CAIDI of 0.7654 hours/year, while for feeders with radial configuration the SAIFI value is 1.4762 times/year, SAIDI of 5.2587 hours/year and CAIDI of 3.5623 hours/year.

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Dodik Darma Putra, I. Kadek, I. Gede Dyana Arjana I Gede Dyana Arjana, and I. Wayan Rinas. "STUDI PENGARUH PEMASANGAN SPIKE UNTUK MELINDUNGI SALURAN DISTRIBUSI TEGANGAN MENENGAH PADA PENYULANG BUDUK." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 8, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2021.v08.i01.p25.

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Buduk feeder is a 20 Kv medium voltage distribution system that gets power supplyfrom the ship's substation and crosses large coastal areas and rice fields and is prone to naturalphenomena such as lightning. During 2018 there were 3 lightning disturbances. Based on thesedata, it is necessary to analyze the distribution channel failure at Buduk feeders, so thecontinuity of the distribution channel can be better. The performance of the Spike System iswhen a lightning surge occurs on the distribution channel, the Spike System directly transmitsthe lightning strike to the ground. Based on the data analysis, it is necessary to add a Spikeprotection system to the Buduk Feeder to maintain the continuity of electric power.The methodused in this research is to collect data in the form of a single line diagram, disturbance data dueto lightning strikes at Buduk feeders. Next, compared the Buduk feed line before Spikeinstallation and after spike installation. First, analysis of technical data and the channelperformance before spike installation. Second, proceed with channel analysis after theinstallation of the Spike. Third, to analyze the causes of failure due to lightning strikes on thefeeders. The results obtained after the installation of the Spike system, the number ofdisturbances due to lightning surges, both induction and direct strikes, decreased in 2019 withthe number of interruptions one time.

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Ateeq, Kahkashan, Saima Altaf, and Muhammad Aslam. "Modeling and Bayesian Analysis of Time between the Breakdown of Electric Feeders." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2022 (May 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5830945.

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The failure of electric feeders is a common problem in the summer season in Pakistan. In this article, one of the troubling aspects of the electric power system of Pakistan (Multan city) has been studied. The time lapses between the breakdown of electric feeders of the city have been modeled by suggesting an inverse Rayleigh-exponential distribution. The parameters of the distribution are estimated in both the frequentist and Bayesian paradigms. Since the Bayes estimators under informative priors are not attained in the closed form, this paper provides a comparative analysis of the Bayes estimators under Lindley and Tierney–Kadane approximation methods. The simulation study and the real-life data set assessed the validity of the model and the superiority of the Bayes estimators over the maximum likelihood estimators.

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Chatthaworn, Rongrit, Pikkanate Angaphiwatchawal, and Surachai Chaitusaney. "Solar PV Policy, Barriers and Proposed Solution for Technical Barriers in Thailand." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.25379.

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This paper presents solar PV history in Thailand consisting of installation target, incentive schemes, procurements and barriers for supporting the coming of solar PV. For the barrier viewpoint, one of the most significant barriers is the technical power system problem; especially, voltage violation and system loss increase when high capacity of solar PV is installed in the system. Therefore, electric utilities usually determine the capacity limitation criterion of solar PV for each electrical feeder which can delay the growth of solar PV installation. Consequently, this paper presents the method to solve this barrier in order to maximize the installation of solar PV in Thailand. The method is based on the construction of typical distribution feeders with various levels of solar PV penetration and locations. The three scenarios based on solar PV locations: clustered near the beginning of feeder, clustered near the middle of feeder, and clustered near the end of feeder are simulated. The considered constraints are voltage limitation and system loss. The modified distribution system is used to test the proposed method which is simulated by DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. The results show that the proposed method provides the solution that can support more solar PV installation than capacity limitation criterion determined by distribution utilities.

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Wischkaemper, Jeffrey A., Carl L. Benner, B. Don Russell, and Karthick Manivannan. "Application of Waveform Analytics for Improved Situational Awareness of Electric Distribution Feeders." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 6, no. 4 (July 2015): 2041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2406757.

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Mohamed, E. A., and N. D. Rao. "Artificial neural network based fault diagnostic system for electric power distribution feeders." Electric Power Systems Research 35, no. 1 (October 1995): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(95)00990-6.

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Omar, Moien A., and Marwan M. Mahmoud. "Control of power converter used for electric vehicle DC charging station with the capability of balancing distribution currents and reactive power compensation." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp924-931.

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The global interest in electric cars aims to achieve sustainability in the transportation sector and reduce dependence on conventional cars that mainly depend on fossil fuels, the main source of emissions polluting the environment. However, the electric cars required electric fast chargers to charge the batteries with high currents in order to make the electric cars competitive with conventional cars that required a short time for filling fuel. Single-phase electric chargers make the distribution feeders with unbalanced currents as the single-phase loads and single-phase PV inverters. In the case of the unbalanced operation, one of the three phases may reach its maximum limit before other phases which leads to disconnect the transformer and thereby inefficient and unreliable system operation. This paper presents a control scheme for a three-phase, four-leg power converter that can be used as a fast charger for electric cars. Moreover, it can be used for balancing grid currents and for reactive power compensation. This will avoid frequent interruptions of distribution transformers due to unbalanced operation and reactive power loads. The distribution feeder considered to evaluate the control scheme consists of single-phase loads and inverters in addition to the proposed converter. The converter controls the charging power effectively and balancing the feeder currents. Moreover, during off charging time which is a possible manner for the charging station when the EV battery is fully charged the converter is effectively used for unbalanced mitigation and reactive power compensation. The simulated results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

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Ikeda, Fuka, Kei Nishikawa, Yuki Okamoto, Hiroaki Yamada, Toshihiko Tanaka, and Masayuki Okamoto. "Simple Power Quality Compensation with Bidirectional Battery Charger for Electric Vehicles in Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112894.

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This paper deals with power quality compensation in single-phase three-wire distribution feeders using a constant DC-capacitor voltage-control (CDCVC)-based strategy of the previously proposed bidirectional battery charger (BBC) for electric vehicles under the distorted source-voltage and load-current conditions. Instantaneous active power flowing into the three-leg pulse-width-modulated (PWM) rectifier in the BBC is discussed. The instantaneous power flowing into the three-leg PWM rectifier demonstrates that the CDCVC-based strategy obtains balanced and sinusoidal source currents at a unity power factor, where the source-side active power is balanced with the load-side active power. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that balanced and sinusoidal source currents at a unity power factor are attained in single-phase three-wire distribution feeders with both battery-charging and -discharging operations for electric vehicles even though both source voltage and load currents are distorted.

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Milton, Mora-Alvarez, Contreras-Ortiz Pedro, Serrano-Guerrero Xavier, and Escrivá-Escriva Guillermo. "Characterization and Classification of Daily Electricity Consumption Profiles: Shape Factors and k-Means Clustering Technique." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186408004.

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This paper exposes a method to classify the electric consumption profiles of different types of consumers, based on patterns given. The direct characteristics method is used in this paper, this method is also known as shape factors deduction (SFs) to easily define consumption profiles by using the load patterns resulting from measurements in the time domain, considering weekdays and time ranges. After the characterization of load profiles, k-means clustering technique is applied to SFs. The SFs are segmented in such a way that, in each group similar SFs are gathered. The characterization and classification of electric profiles has important applications, such as the application of specific tariffs according the consumer type, determination of optimal location of generation resources in electrical distribution systems, detection of anomalies in transmission and distribution of electricity or classify geographical areas according to electricity consumption and perform an optimum balance of feeders in electrical substations.

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Carrión González, Jorge Enrique, Antonio Martínez García, Alfredo del Castillo Serpa, Marianela del Cisne Carrión González, Rodolfo Pabel Merino Vivanco, and Kelvin Armando Alulima Carrión. "Procedure to Evaluate the Impact in Distribution Single Phase Transformers Due to Insertion of New Nonlinear Load Which Changes Daily Demand Graphs." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 3923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203923.

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Power electronic development determines the introduction of nonlinear devices in electric power systems. Introduction of nonlinear devices increase current harmonics in transmission and distribution power systems. Distribution transformers and feeders increase power losses and their nominal parameters are reduced. The present work introduces a procedure to evaluate maximum permissible load in single phase distribution transformers with the introduction of a new type of nonlinear load which changes daily demand graphs.

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Bharatiraja, C., and Harish Chowdary V. "Real Time Power Quality Phenomenon for Various Distribution Feeders." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i1.pp10-16.

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Power Quality (PQ) brings more challenges to the large- scale and medium scale industries because in the recent years most of them use high efficiency and low energy devices which cause vulnerable PQ disturbances at Point of Common Coupling (PCC). In this paper, the measurement at different times during load condition and analysis of all types of disturbances occurred has been done. When large rated equipments run, the disturbance (harmonics, RMS variations, and switching transients) levels are very high and poor power factor (PF) has also appeared. Due to this poor PF, reactive power consumption in load increases and accordingly total power increases. An electronic device such as LED lights, fluorescent lamps, computers, copy machines, and laser printers also disturb the supply voltage. We are very well known that every PQ problem directly or indirectly must affect economically. Many researchers have investigated PQ audit for over three decades. However these studies and analysis have been done only at simulation level. Hence, the PQ analyzer based study is required to find out the PQ issues at distribution feeders. It will be a valuable guide for researchers, who are interested in the domain of PQ and wish to explore the opportunities offered by these techniques for further improvement in the field of PQ. This paper gives a brief Real Time PQ measurement using PQ analyzer HIOKI PW3198 at Distribution Feeders and it gives an idea to the researcher to optimize problems-related to PQ with respect to the high rated and low rated electric machinery of different feeders at PCC level. This study further extends to analyze the grid disturbances and looks forward to the optimization methods for each individual PQ disturbance.

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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "STUDI ANALISIS GANGGUAN PERANGKAT HUBUNG BAGI TEGANGAN RENDAH DAN UPAYA MENGATASINYA DI PLN AREA TANJUNG PRIOK." Energi & Kelistrikan 9, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/energi.v9i1.60.

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Medium voltage feeders are a means for the distribution of electricity from substations to consumers. But in reality these feeders often experience interference, among other is interference onthe low voltage network, especiallyCircuit For Low Voltage Device. Circuit For Low Voltage Device (PHB-TR) is device used as a liaison, security, and dividers electrical power from an electric power source to the customer. Over time, the PHB-TR also decreased quality of service so that should be their efforts to overcome the problems in order to maintain or restore the initial achievement level and can operate with high reliability so that the continuity of the electrical service will be achieved. The disturbances that can occur in this PHB-TR as damage to the NH fuse, corona contained in ground plate, over current and damage to the measuring instrument.Additionally by overcoming the interference can secure the assets of PLN from the interferences and reduce the cost of replacing broken tools.

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Omoroghomwan, A. E., S. O. Igbinovia, and F. O. Odiase. "Vulnerability Assessment of Components in a Typical Rural Nigerian Power Distribution System." March 2021 5, no. 1 (March 2021): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2021.01.0237.

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The major aim of any power system is the continuous provision of safe, quality and reliable electric power to the customers. One of the greatest challenges to meeting up with this goal is the failure of components in the system. In this article, the frequency of outages caused by failure of different components in the distribution system was investigated to ascertain the ones that are more susceptible to failure by comparing their proportions in the entire failure events. The outage data obtained from Irrua Transmission Station comprising Ehor, Ubiaja and Uzebba 33kV feeders were analyzed using Microsoft Excel while the hazard rates were measured using the failure rate index. Findings revealed that 93.77% of all the forced outages in the distribution subsystem in the power sector are caused by the high exposure rate of the bare aluminum conductors used in the construction of the various overhead feeders. Subsequently, the yearly failure rates of aluminum conductors, cross arms, relay, insulators, fuses, electric poles, breakers, transformers, isolators, cables lightning surge arresters were found to be 836.0, 17.5, 17.0, 10.3, 4.3, 2.0, 1.5, 1.3, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.3 respectively in the studied network. A comparison between this study and a related work showed that the rural feeders are more prone to faults as compared to the ones in the urban areas. It was therefore recommended that regular tree trimming along the network corridor should be done. Proper conductor size should be used in every subsequent construction and every segment with undersized conductor should be replaced with the appropriate size. This study will help the power system engineers in the design, construction, maintenance and operation of the distribution power system for optimum and improved system performance.

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Thang, V. V., and N. D. Minh. "Optimal Allocation and Sizing of Capacitors for Distribution Systems Reinforcement Based on Minimum Life Cycle Cost and Considering Uncertainties." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (September 30, 2017): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001711010165.

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Background:The power and voltage losses have been greatly concerned in the distribution system planning and operation because low normal voltage, high impedance and load density of the system lead to increases in losses and decreases in bus voltages.Method:Therefore, an optimization model for the distribution system reinforcement improving efficiency of distribution systems by integrating capacitors is proposed. The optimal allocation and sizing of capacitors are determined concurrently with optimal upgrading sizing and timeframe of feeders and substations. The objective function of model is to minimize life cycle cost over reinforcement scheme including investment and operation costs of equipment in distribution systems (including feeders, substations and capacitors) and costs for purchasing energy from the electric market.Conclusion:The typical load curves for each day and season with uncertainties modeled by a Probability Distribution Function (PDF) and Time of Use (TOU) price applied to enhance accuracy of calculation results and suitability for real operation conditions. General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is applied to undertake calculations in a test system.

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N. S., Okorie. "Optimization of Energy Efficiency for Electric Power Distribution System Losses." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 934–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39074.

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Abstract: This study evaluated the existing electric power network of Mile 2 Diobu zone, Port Harcourt distribution network which consists of four (4) 11kV distribution feeders namely; Ojoto, Nsukka, Udi and Silverbird. This work considered Ojoto and Nsukka Street distribution network for improved power quality. The three (3) 33/11kv injection substations are fed from 165 MVA transmission station (PH Town) at Amadi junction by Nzimiro. Collection and analysis of data collected from the injection substations that supply electricity to mile 2 Diobu, Port Harcourt was the first consideration. The distribution network was modeled in Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) using Newton-Raphson Load Flow equations. The simulation result of the existing condition network shows that the network has low voltage profile problem on Nsukka network and overloading of distribution transformers on Ojoto networks. The following optimization techniques are applied: up-gradation of distribution transformers, and transformer load tap changer to improve the distribution network for Mile 2 Diobu, Port Harcourt electrical power network. The simulation result of the improved distribution network for Mile 2 Diobu, Port Harcourt power network shows that the voltage profile Nsukka network has improved within the statutory limit which is between 95.0 -105.0% and the loading of the distribution transformers on Ojoto and Nsukka networks are all below 70% required capacity. Keywords: Optimization, Energy Efficiency Distribution

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Simamora, Yoakim, Sigit Sukmajati, and Rio Afrianda. "OPTIMASI REKONFIGURASI JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI RADIAL UNTUK MEMINIMALKAN RUGI JARINGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE BRANCH EXCHANGE." Energi & Kelistrikan 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/energi.v10i2.218.

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The increasing electric energy consumption must be balanced with good electricity network quality. To overcome this, we need a distribution network reconfiguration. Reconfiguration in power distribution network is done to improve power distribution network quality. Problem that exist in the radial distribution network is power losses. To minimize the power losses can be overcome by compensating capacitor. Done by determining the location of capacitors in distribution networks. With that the capacitor compensates the distribution network is more effective and efficient in distributing power. In this research discusses the network reconfiguration using simple branch exchange method to reduce power losses in radial distribution networks . Plant that used in this final project is IEEE 33 bus feeders. Simple branch exchange method is a kind of heuristic method . It works by selecting the order of the loop is done for distribution networks reconfiguration. Simulation results show that the use of a simple branch exchange method for reconfiguring network can reduce energy loss by 63,4677 kW. From the simulation results using the distribution system IEEE 33 bus feeders, showed that the decrease of energy losses from 202,6845 kW become 139,2168 kW.

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Putranti, Ruri Diana, and Iman Setiono. "PERHITUNGAN KERUGIAN ENERGI PADA PENYULANG TAMBAK LOROK-03 SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PILOT PROJECT PROGRAM REVASS (REVENUE ASSURANCE) DALAM PROGRAM REKONSILIASI ENERGI PT. PLN (PERSERO) AREA SEMARANG." Gema Teknologi 18, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v18i1.8810.

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Ruri Diana Putranti, Iman Setiono, in paper calculation of energy losses of Tambak Lorok - 03 feeder as one of the pilot project program REVASS (revenue assurance) in energy reconciliation program of PT . PLN (persero) semarang area explain that in an electric power system there is a factor called the loss factor or energy depletion . This shrinkage can be found in various places on the electricity network , from generation, transmission and distribution of both to consumers . The release of energy or commonly referred to as shrinkage , the harm to the company for commercial and service in large and small quantities . Pond feeder Lorok - 03 is one of the feeders are thought to have a large enough energy depletion . This feeder is in the working area of PT . PLN Rayon East Semarang and is a feeder into the pilot established REVASS ( Revenue Assurance ) PT . PLN Semarang area . Based on mathematical calculations that have been carried out in February 2013 the amount of power loss in the feeder is 2,316,319 KWH , while in the month of March 2013 is 4,765,637 KWH and in April 2013 amounted to 18,809,238 KWH . The amount of power loss raises the average monthly percentage losses in the feeder that is between 10-20 % . This of course lead to a loss for the company , especially on the commercial side that is the size of the company to the customer's receivables . Therefore , a program in which reconciliation is REVASS this project , is one attempt to get the suitability amount of energy from the power sent to the power received at the customer . Keywords : Electric Power System , Network Distribution , Energy Losses , Reconciliation of Energy

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Khan, Saad Ullah, Khawaja Khalid Mehmood, Zunaib Maqsood Haider, Muhammad Kashif Rafique, Muhammad Omer Khan, and Chul-Hwan Kim. "Coordination of Multiple Electric Vehicle Aggregators for Peak Shaving and Valley Filling in Distribution Feeders." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020352.

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In this paper, a coordination method of multiple electric vehicle (EV) aggregators has been devised to flatten the system load profile. The proposed scheme tends to reduce the peak demand by discharging EVs and fills the valley gap through EV charging in the off-peak period. Upper level fair proportional power distribution to the EV aggregators is exercised by the system operator which provides coordination among the aggregators based on their aggregated energy demand or capacity. The lower level min max objective function is implemented at each aggregator to distribute power to the EVs. Each aggregator ensures that the EV customers’ driving requirements are not relinquished in spite of their employment to support the grid. The scheme has been tested on IEEE 13-node distribution system and an actual distribution system situated in Seoul, Republic of Korea whilst utilizing actual EV mobility data. The results show that the system load profile is smoothed by the coordination of aggregators under peak shaving and valley filling goals. Also, the EVs are fully charged before departure while maintaining a minimum energy for emergency travel.

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Akpojedje, France O., and Emmanuel A. Ogujor. "Analysis of Frequent Power Cut on Ugbowo 2x15MVA, 33/11kV Electric Power Distribution Network Feeders." NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research 2, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.37933/nipes/2.3.2020.30.

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Khan, Saad Ullah, Khawaja Khalid Mehmood, Zunaib Maqsood Haider, Muhammad Kashif Rafique, Muhammad Omer Khan, and Chul-Hwan Kim. "Coordination of Multiple Electric Vehicle Aggregators for Peak Shaving and Valley Filling in Distribution Feeders." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020352.

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In this paper, a coordination method of multiple electric vehicle (EV) aggregators has been devised to flatten the system load profile. The proposed scheme tends to reduce the peak demand by discharging EVs and fills the valley gap through EV charging in the off-peak period. Upper level fair proportional power distribution to the EV aggregators is exercised by the system operator which provides coordination among the aggregators based on their aggregated energy demand or capacity. The lower level min max objective function is implemented at each aggregator to distribute power to the EVs. Each aggregator ensures that the EV customers’ driving requirements are not relinquished in spite of their employment to support the grid. The scheme has been tested on IEEE 13-node distribution system and an actual distribution system situated in Seoul, Republic of Korea whilst utilizing actual EV mobility data. The results show that the system load profile is smoothed by the coordination of aggregators under peak shaving and valley filling goals. Also, the EVs are fully charged before departure while maintaining a minimum energy for emergency travel.

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Andrianova, L. P., V. Yu Kabashov, and D. S. Khairislamov. "SAIFI AND SAIDI INDICATIVE RELIABILITY FIGURES OF RURAL ELECTRIC NETWORKS WITH SMART ISLAND RECLOSERS." VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 51, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-83-92.

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The paper describes principles of improving the reliability of rural distribution networks of 6–35 kV based on smart switching devices, reclosers with specialized integrated controllers. The typical places to install reclosers for the radial and ring feeders are shown. They are mounted when a new consumer is connected and balance membership is delimited. It is also done to identify a responsible consumer with an indicated connection diagrams. The choice of the optimal number of reclosers for the radial and ring feeders according to indicative figures RNRE and ARAE, characterizing the relative efficiency of network reconstruction by reducing the number of consumer outages per year, and the average investment efficiency in network reconstruction when installing reclosers, is justified. There is presented a method to find SAIFI and SAIDI indicative reliability figures that characterize the average annual number of customer disconnections and the average annual duration of one disconnection in the electrical network.

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Yandulskyy, Oleksandr, Hanna Trunina, Dmytro Nastenko, and Artem Nesterko. "LOAD BALANCING IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS WITH MICRO-SYNCHROPHASORS." Transactions of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, no. 3(128) (June 11, 2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/1995-0519.2021.3.99-104.

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Purpose. The article discusses new strategies for controlling distribution networks with different, active components using synchronized measurements of voltage and current phase values (magnitude and phase angle) based on the use of high precision micro-synchrophasors (uPMUs), which are adapted to work in distribution networks. Particular attention in the article is focused on the problem of mislabeling of phases and load balancing of distribution network feeders. Methodology. Elements of the optimization theory and matrix calculation were used to develop optimization criteria for initial load balancing problem and minimum switching load balancing problem. Results. The article considers approaches to solving problems arising in distribution power grids under conditions of growth of distributed generation levels. The factors leading to increased uncertainty in forecasting distribution network modes that complicate the tasks of power equipment diagnostics, network topology identification, state assessment and fault location are established. Problems of incorrect phase marking and load symmetry of distribution network feeders are analyzed in detail. Authors proposed an approach to phase identification and feeder load symmetry using micro-synchrophasor data (uPMU) based on the analysis of voltage measurements. The proposed approach is based on comparing the measurements made at the beginning of the feeder with the measurements made in other locations of the feeder considering the constant phase angle shifts of voltage multiples of 30 degrees, which are caused by the phase shift of transformers. The peculiarity of the proposed approach is the ability to solve the problem of phase marking and phase identification using the measuring bodies of uPMUs with accuracy within 1 degree. As a result, based on the information about the actual phase markings, the authors proposed an approach to feeder load symmetry, which is based on solving the optimization problem. The optimization criterion is the minimum by the sum of the norms of the vector of the feeder phase loads for a certain period of time. This article investigates an approach to phase identification in three-phase distribution networks based on the analysis of micro-synchrophasor measurements (uPMU). The proposed approach is based on direct voltage measurements at different feeder locations, taking into account the fact that in an unbalanced three-phase system the time series voltage values at the two ends of one phase should have a much stronger correlation than at the two ends of different phases. This feature makes it possible to solve the problem of marking and identification of phases when using uPMU measuring bodies with accuracy within 1 degree. The proposed approach takes into account, in multiples of 30 degrees, the phase shift due to the presence of D-Y transformers. The proposed approaches will be investigated when creating a monitoring system for electric distribution networks using uPMUs at the pilot site of the Igor Sikorsky KPI campus and elsewhere in cooperation with network operators. Originality. In contrast to the known methods and approaches to the phase identification, proposed method using direct measurements of three phase voltages and thus obtained results do not contain uncertainty. Practical value. Solving the phase marking problem also reduces the number of errors in power equipment diagnostics, network topology identification, condition assessment and fault location. References 11, figures 4.

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Lee, Junwoo, Wookyu Chae, Woohyun Kim, and Sungyun Choi. "Control Strategy for Line Overload and Short Circuit Current of Networked Distribution Systems." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074208.

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The expected increase in renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) connected to distribution systems will result in many technical constraints. A meshed network is a promising solution; however, some remarkable challenges must be overcome. Among these, this paper mainly focuses on the line overload and short circuit current of a networked distribution system (NDS) in Korea, an advanced form of meshed network. An NDS refers to a system in which there exists permanent linkages between four feeders and N × N communication-based protection. We propose a method, which employs the tap changing control algorithm of the series reactor to control line overload and short circuit current. MATLAB/Simulink was used to evaluate the proposed method. Three different types of distribution system were employed. First, the utilization rate and feeder imbalance were analyzed in steady-state condition. Subsequently, the short circuit current was analyzed in short circuit condition. The results revealed that the proposed method can effectively prevent line overload in up to 82.7% of cases, enhance the utilization rate by up to 79.9%, and relieve the short circuit current; that is, it can contribute to system stability and the economic operation of an NDS.

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Reda, Abdallah, Prof. M.Farahat, Prof. Amal F.Abdelgawad, and Associate Prof. A.T.M Taha. "Investigation of The DGs Effect on The Coordination Between Protective Elements in Distribution Network." International Journal of Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss4.1402.

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Addition of Distributed Generators (DGs) to the electric network have more advantages to the network. It improves the voltage profile and the power flow in the network. In the last decade, DGs is used in power system, especially the distribution system. Coordination study for protective devices must be performed on the distribution network with DGs to reach selectivity with minimum clearance time of fault. Due to DG insertion to the electric system, the short circuit level is changed and coordination between protective elements should be done. This paper presents a technique to avoid the miscoordination problem between protective devices due to the impact of DG units insertion without any additional costs. The proposed technique depend on activating and updating the setting of network relays to achieve correct coordination. Also, it doesn't need any additional costs or any additional equipement to be installed in the electric network. This paper make studies on a real radial system of power transformer with its feeders of a 66kV utility substation before and after adding DGs. ETAP software is used to simulate the network under study.

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Domanskyi, V., I. Domanskyi, and V. Shavkun. "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR STUDYING PARAMETERS FOR SIMULATING COMPLEX SCHEMES OF ELECTRICAL SUPPLY OF ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT TRACTION NETWORKS." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 170 (June 24, 2022): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-3-170-12-25.

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The parameters of complex power supply schemes of tram lines, which are required for simulation modeling, were studied: statistical characteristics of traction loads of feeders and voltage on the tires of traction substations. It was established that the distribution function of the feeder feeding the tram depot corresponds to the logarithmic normal law, the distribution function of the modules of the idle voltage deviation and the angles between the idle voltages of adjacent traction substations to the truncated normal law. It is proposed to modernize the information bases of electric traction network parameters with complex power schemes to increase the efficiency of modeling the modes of operation of sections of urban electric transport. A method of calculating instantaneous schemes has been developed, which allows to create algorithms that do not depend on the degree of complexity of the scheme. A method of simulation modeling of complex power supply systems of electric transport based on the synthesis of the matrix method of calculating instantaneous circuits and the method of statistical tests for modeling the organization of traffic of trams and trolleybuses is proposed. Algorithms and simulation models of traction power supply systems of urban electric transport have been developed, taking into account the modes of operation of power systems. A single simulation complex has been created that takes into account the traffic schedules of trams and trolleybuses, power flows in power supply systems, which makes it possible to obtain generalized dependences of power flows and energy losses, and to increase the accuracy of calculations of electrical parameters to 5–7%. Adequacy of the simulation model to the real process was verified by experimental data on a number of two-track, single-track sections of electric traction networks and complex power supply schemes of traction substations. The error in determining the integral indicators of costs and energy losses does not exceed 5%, and the rms currents – 3%. The use of simulation modeling in the design of traction power supply systems allows to improve the quality of electrical engineering calculations of complex power supply schemes and to propose energy-efficient power supply modes.

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Tanaka, Toshihiko, Tsukasa Sekiya, Hidenori Tanaka, Masayuki Okamoto, and Eiji Hiraki. "Smart Charger for Electric Vehicles With Power-Quality Compensator on Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 49, no. 6 (November 2013): 2628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2013.2262915.

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Hong, Ying-Yi, Faa-Jeng Lin, and Fu-Yuan Hsu. "Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Feeder Reconfiguration Considering Uncertain Large Photovoltaic Powers and Demands." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/704839.

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The Kyoto protocol recommended that industrialized countries limit their green gas emissions in 2012 to 5.2% below 1990 levels. Photovoltaic (PV) arrays provide clear and sustainable renewable energy to electric power systems. Solar PV arrays can be installed in distribution systems of rural and urban areas, as opposed to wind-turbine generators, which cause noise in surrounding environments. However, a large PV array (several MW) may incur several operation problems, for example, low power quality and reverse power. This work presents a novel method to reconfigure the distribution feeders in order to prevent the injection of reverse power into a substation connected to the transmission level. Moreover, a two-stage algorithm is developed, in which the uncertain bus loads and PV powers are clustered by fuzzy-c-means to gain representative scenarios; optimal reconfiguration is then achieved by a novel mean-variance-based particle swarm optimization. The system loss is minimized while the operational constraints, including reverse power and voltage variation, are satisfied due to the optimal feeder reconfiguration. Simulation results obtained from a 70-bus distribution system with 4 large PV arrays validate the proposed method.

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Hussain, Irshad, Faizullah Khan, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Surat Khan, and Muhammad Saeed. "Power Loss Reduction via Distributed Generation System Injected in a Radial Feeder." January 2021 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2101.15.

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The energy demand all over the world is increasing rapidly day by day. In traditional power systems, power plants are located far away from the consumer’s premises. This in turn causes a substantial amount of power loss both in transmission and distribution. In general, distribution system has more losses than the losses occurred on the transmission side. It employs that there will be a significant difference between the generated power and the energy consumers that are (physically) far away from the generating stations. Therefore, the electric utilities always remain under stress due to such non negligible amount of losses which has a direct impact on financial management and efficiency of the power system as well. To address this issue different technique have been introduced to reduce line losses and to improve the efficiency. The best among these techniques is line loss reduction through Distributed Generation (DG) which is more effective than the other techniques. In this paper we have taken three 11kV feeders (located at Bannu) as a case study and for the prescribed technique an attempt has been made to increase the efficiency of a system by integrating different capacity of DG into a radial distribution feeder. The results have been analyzed mathematically, however Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) simulator is used as a test bed. Finally, the obtained results are presented in tabular and graphical form in terms of clearly defined parameters.

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40

Nikitin, Leonid, Vladislav Nikiforov, Gennady Simonov, and Olga Filippova. "IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION OF LIQUID FEED FOR CALVES." SCIENCE IN THE CENTRAL RUSSIA, no. 6 (December 26, 2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35887/2305-2538-2022-6-27-34.

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Maintenance and care of calves during the milk period, when it is necessary to distribute mainly liquid feed, is very laborious. Most of the time is associated with the delivery of feed on a cart in milk flasks and filling buckets from flasks when hand-watering the calves. proposed Feeder device on a mobile frame (rod), which moves on rollers with the help of an electric drive, proposed for distributing liquid feed to calves in boxes. It consists of a carrier conveyor with fixed buckets, which alternately reciprocates towards the feeders. This technical solution is applicable on farms where separate group cages or boxes are used for keeping calves. The proposed liquid feed distribution technology raises the level of the entire calf feeding process. It was found that as a result of the work of the distributor, the use of manual labor decreased by 90%. The actual labor productivity was at least 400 heads per hour, therefore, one operator, when working with a distributor, is fully capable of drinking 200 calves in 0.5 hours. The use of a mechanized system for distributing liquid feed on farms has a positive effect on reducing the level of morbidity in calves associated with the digestive organs - by 20%. Gross and average daily gains in live weight increase by 5-6%.

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Getie, Elias Mandefro, Belachew Bantyirga Gessesse, and Tewodros Gera Workneh. "Photovoltaic Generation Integration with Radial Feeders Using GA and GIS." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (October 17, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8854711.

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The electric power generated from different electricity sources are not used efficiently by end users in the world. This is due to the loss of power supplied in the case of electricity transmission and distribution to residential, commercial, and industrial loads. Even if the loss of power in the power system cannot be avoided 100%, it should be reduced to the minimum optimal value. The loss of power in the radial feeders can be minimized using an optimally allocated photovoltaic (PV) generation system by considering the information of geography, solar irradiance of the site, and space availability, which should not have shadow from large buildings and trees. The PV generation system eliminates the problem of power demand by enhancing the capacity of the power network as well as by reducing the depletion and consumption of fossil fuel resources. To reduce power loss and improve system loading capacity for demand response, the integration and finding the optimal place of photovoltaic generation take high concern from power system operators and technicians. The optimal allocation of PV has been done using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) for optimization of a multiobjective function with different constraints. The main objective of this paper is to minimize the power loss of the radial distribution networks by maintaining the phase voltage of the load in balance and improving the drop in voltage along the phase. So, GA is used to determine the best location and capacity of PV generation that can reduce the loss of power in the system. The IEEE-33 bus system is used to test the proposed method. Generally, using the GA and GIS methods results in a high accuracy for optimal placement of PV generation in the IEEE-33 bus radial feeder and enables to reduce the loss of power during transmission and distribution by maintaining the power quality for consumers.

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Nourollahi, Ramin, Pouya Salyani, Kazem Zare, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, and Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek. "Peak-Load Management of Distribution Network Using Conservation Voltage Reduction and Dynamic Thermal Rating." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 11569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811569.

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The peak-load management of a distribution network (DN) has gained attention by increasing the electric power consumption on the demand side. By developing smart-grid infrastructures, effective utilization of the DN’s components and proper management of the DN would create a valuable solution for DN operators. Hence, in this paper, a peak-load management framework is proposed in which the real-time rating of the components and voltage-dependent features of the electric loads help the DN operator handle the peak times successfully. In addition to the individual advantages of efficient operation of the DN, more practical results are obtained by combining the conservation voltage reduction (CVR) and dynamic thermal rating (DTR) of the DN’s lines and transformers. Based on the obtained results, compared to the individual implementation of CVR, the cost-saving level is increased significantly during the peak events using the simultaneous utilization of DTR and CVR. Furthermore, a discussion is presented about the current problems of the feeders supplying the voltage-dependent constant-power loads during CVR utilization, which is resolved by the dynamic rating of the DN’s components.

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Arif, Syed Muhammad, Tek Tjing Lie, Boon Chong Seet, Syed Muhammad Ahsan, and Hassan Abbas Khan. "Plug-In Electric Bus Depot Charging with PV and ESS and Their Impact on LV Feeder." Energies 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092139.

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Plug-in electric buses (PEBs) are a promising alternative to conventional buses to provide a sustainable, economical, and efficient mode of transportation. However, electrification of public transportation leads to a phenomenon of peak load that impacts the stability of low voltage (LV) feeders. In this context, the effective integration of an energy storage system (ESS) and photovoltaic (PV) in a bus depot charging ecosystem can lead to i) peak load reduction and ii) charging cost reduction with low carbon emission. Therefore, a limited PEB charge scheduling algorithm is proposed for: i) bus depot operator (BDO) profit maximization and ii) grid stability enhancement considering the constraints of PEB charging and grids. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for BDO profit maximization has been formulated and analyzed using IBM ILOG studio with CPLEX solver. Simulation has been performed for SkyBus electric fleet using real-world data such as actual bus arrival and departure schedules under diverse traffic, number of passengers, trip duration, daily load profile, solar radiation profile, and benchmark storage price. The charging impact of PEBs was tested on one of the distribution feeders in Auckland, New Zealand. The BDO generates revenue by performing energy trading among PV, ESS, PEBs, and buildings after incorporating capital investment, operation and maintenance, and depreciation costs.

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Baranov, L. A., and V. M. Maksimov. "Improvement of Energy Efficiency of Metro Trains’ Traffic Control." World of Transport and Transportation 14, no. 4 (August 28, 2016): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-4-1.

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Methods to improve energy efficiency of metro trains’ traffic control – choice of traction modes, distribution of running time on the line on running time on hauls, the use of regenerative braking are suggested. Examples of implementation of scientific and technical developments in the Moscow metro are given. The methods of control of electric rolling stock under the current restrictions of the current of the feeders of traction substations, feature of passage of non-overlapping insulating gaps in recovery mode are described, the analysis of the dynamics of energy efficiency changes is given.

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Tanaka, Hidenori, Toshihiko Tanaka, Takaaki Wakimoto, Eiji Hiraki, and Masayuki Okamoto. "Reduced-Capacity Smart Charger for Electric Vehicles on Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders With Reactive Power Control." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51, no. 1 (January 2015): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2014.2327156.

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Kim, Woo-Hyun, Woo-Kyu Chae, Hyeon-Myeong Lee, Hyun-Woo No, and Dong-Sub Kim. "Development Status and Future Strategies of Networked Distribution System." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 11266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811266.

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In response to the escalation of environmental issues including global warming due to reckless development, the energy industry has been partaking in measures to improve sustainability of the environment. As an effort to target decarbonization, thermal power generation using fossil fuels is being minimized whilst the generation of renewable energy is gradually being increased. In addition, research on the structure of power distribution systems is steadily on the rise to improve efficiency of energy supply and system reliability. Amongst existing distribution systems, high expectations have been focused on the networked distribution system (NDS) due to multiplex advantages the system possesses. The NDS, a power system of multiple interconnected distribution lines which allow uninterrupted supply of both power and communication, holds the potential of increasing renewable energy capacity, reducing construction of new feeders, expanding electric transport infrastructure capacity, and improving facility utilization rate. In this paper, technologies for the construction of NDS are introduced and strategies to increase future application of the NDS are discussed. Through this, both the validity of the NDS and the direction of the power industry is to be presented.

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Yapıcı, Hamza, and Nurettin Çetinkaya. "Reactive Power Optimization with Chaotic Firefly Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization in A Distribution Subsystem Network." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.12.1.7.

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In this paper the minimization of power losses in a real distribution network have been described by solving reactive power optimization problem. The optimization has been performed and tested on Konya Eregli Distribution Network in Turkey, a section of Turkish electric distribution network managed by MEDAŞ (Meram Electricity Distribution Corporation). The network contains about 9 feeders, 1323 buses (including 0.4 kV, 15.8 kV and 31.5 kV buses) and 1311 transformers. This paper prefers a new Chaotic Firefly Algorithm (CFA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the power loss minimization in a real distribution network. The reactive power optimization problem is concluded with minimum active power losses by the optimal value of reactive power. The formulation contains detailed constraints including voltage limits and capacitor boundary. The simulation has been carried out with real data and results have been compared with Simulated Annealing (SA), standard Genetic Algorithm (SGA) and standard Firefly Algorithm (FA). The proposed method has been found the better results than the other algorithms.

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Seydali Seyf Abad, Mohammad, Jin Ma, Ahmad Ahmadyar, and Hesamoddin Marzooghi. "Distributionally Robust Distributed Generation Hosting Capacity Assessment in Distribution Systems." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112981.

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Uncertainties associated with the loads and the output power of distributed generations create challenges in quantifying the integration limits of distributed generations in distribution networks, i.e., hosting capacity. To address this, we propose a distributionally robust optimization-based method to determine the hosting capacity considering the voltage rise, thermal capacity of the feeders and short circuit level constraints. In the proposed method, the uncertain variables are modeled as stochastic variables following ambiguous distributions defined based on the historical data. The distributionally robust optimization model guarantees that the probability of the constraint violation does not exceed a given risk level, which can control robustness of the solution. To solve the distributionally robust optimization model of the hosting capacity, we reformulated it as a joint chance constrained problem, which is solved using the sample average approximation technique. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system is used as the test-bed. Simulation results demonstrate how the sample size of historical data affects the hosting capacity. Furthermore, using the proposed method, the impact of electric vehicles aggregated demand and charging stations are investigated on the hosting capacity of different distributed generation technologies.

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Tanaka, Hidenori, Takaaki Wakimoto, Toshihiko Tanaka, Masayuki Okamoto, and Eiji Hiraki. "Reducing Capacity of Smart Charger for Electric Vehicles on Single-Phase Three-Wire Distribution Feeders with Reactive Power Control." IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 3, no. 6 (2014): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.3.437.

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Fusco, Giuseppe, Mario Russo, and Michele De Santis. "Decentralized Voltage Control in Active Distribution Systems: Features and Open Issues." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092563.

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Abstract:

Voltage control is becoming a key issue in active distribution systems, which are electric distribution networks characterized by a large penetration of DERs. Traditional voltage control devices, as well as the active and reactive powers injected by DERs, can be used as ancillary services to support voltage profiles along the distribution feeders. Due to the peculiar characteristics of active distribution systems, the decentralized control approach presents the most promising technical and economical features. In the paper, the decentralized voltage control structure is hierarchically decomposed into different control levels, characterized by different objectives and time frames. The primary and secondary control levels have been analyzed, always according to a decentralized approach. For each level, the various techniques for solving the voltage control problem that have been proposed in the literature are presented, and their main features compared. The main open issues related to the real time practical implementation of the decentralized architectures at both primary and secondary voltage control levels are investigated, keeping always in mind both technical and economical aspects, which always represent the components of a trade-off solution.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric distribution feeders'

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