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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electric distribution network optimization'
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Radibratovic, Branislav. "Reactive optimization of transmission and distribution networks." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28264.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Begovic, Miroslav; Committee Member: Divan, Deepakraj; Committee Member: Dorsey, John; Committee Member: Ferri, Bonnie; Committee Member: Lambert, Frank.
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Neimane, Viktoria. "On Development Planning of Electricity Distribution Networks." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Electrical Systems, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3253.
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Future development of electric power systems must pursue anumber of different goals. The power system should beeconomically efficient, it should provide reliable energysupply and should not damage the environment. At the same time,operation and development of the system is influenced by avariety of uncertain and random factors. The planner attemptsto find the best strategy from a large number of possiblealternatives. Thus, the complexity of the problems related topower systems planning is mainly caused by presence of multipleobjectives, uncertain information and large number ofvariables. This dissertation is devoted to consideration of themethods for development planning of a certain subsystem, i.e.the distribution network.
The dissertation first tries to formulate the networkplanning problem in general form in terms of Bayesian DecisionTheory. However, the difficulties associated with formulationof the utility functions make it almost impossible to apply theBayesian approach directly. Moreover, when approaching theproblem applying different methods it is important to considerthe concave character of the utility function. Thisconsideration directly leads to the multi-criteria formulationof the problem, since the decision is motivated not only by theexpected value of revenues (or losses), but also by theassociated risks. The conclusion is made that the difficultiescaused by the tremendous complexity of the problem can beovercome either by introducing a number of simplifications,leading to the considerable loss in precision or applyingmethods based on modifications of Monte-Carlo or fuzzyarithmetic and Genetic Algorithms (GA), or Dynamic Programming(DP).
In presence of uncertainty the planner aims at findingrobust and flexible plans to reducethe risk of considerablelosses. Several measures of risk are discussed. It is shownthat measuring risk by regret may lead to risky solutions,therefore an alternative measure - Expected Maximum Value - issuggested. The general future model, called fuzzy-probabilistictree of futures, integrates all classes of uncertain parameters(probabilistic, fuzzy and truly uncertain).
The suggested network planning software incorporates threeefficient applications of GA. The first algorithm searchessimultaneously for the whole set of Pareto optimal solutions.The hybrid GA/DP approach benefits from the global optimizationproperties of GA and local search by DP resulting in originalalgorithm with improved convergence properties. Finally, theStochastic GA can cope with noisy objective functions.
Finally, two real distribution network planning projectsdealing with primary distribution network in the large city andsecondary network in the rural area are studied.
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Rong, Du. "Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities : The Monitoring of Water Distribution Networks Case." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-185453.
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The development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is making it possible to monitor our cities. Due to the small size of the sensor nodes, and their capabilities of transmitting data remotely, they can be deployed at locations that are not easy or impossible to access, such as the pipelines of water distribution networks (WDNs), which plays an important role in protecting environment and securing public health. The design of WSNs for WDNs faces major challenges. Generally, WSNs are resource-limited because most of the sensor nodes are battery powered. Thus, their resource allocation has to be carefully controlled. The thesis considers two prominent problems that occur when designing WSNs for WDNs: scheduling the sensing of the nodes of static WSNs, and sensor placement for mobile WSNs. These studies are reported in the thesis from three published or submitted papers. In the first paper, the scheduling of sleep/sensing for each sensor node is considered to maximize the whole WSNs lifetime while guaranteeing a monitoring performance constraint. The problem is transformed into an energy balancing problem, and solved by a dynamic programming based algorithm. It is proved that this algorithm finds one of the optimal solutions for the energy balancing problem. In the second paper, the question of how the energy balancing problem approximates the original scheduling problem is addressed. It is shown that even though these two problems are not equivalent, the gap of them is small enough. Thus, the proposed algorithm for the energy balancing problem can find a good approximation solution for the original scheduling problem. The second part of the thesis considers the use of mobile sensor nodes. Here, the limited resource is the number of available such mobile nodes. To maximize the monitoring coverage in terms of population, an optimization problem for determining the releasing locations for the mobile sensor nodes is formulated. An approximate solution algorithm based on submodular maximization is proposed and its performance is investigated. Beside WDNs, WSN applications for smart cities share a common characteristic: the area to monitor usually has a network structure. Therefore, the studies of this thesis can be potentially generalized for several IoT scenarios.QC 20160419
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Yuan, Wei. "Reliable Power System Planning and Operations through Robust Optimization." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5807.
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In this dissertation, we introduce and study robust optimization models and decomposition algorithms in order to deal with the uncertainties such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and uncertain demand that are becoming more and more signicant in power systems operation and planning. An optimal power grid hardening problem is presented as a defender-attacker-defender (DAD) sequential game and solved by an exact decomposition algorithm. Network topology control, which is an eective corrective measure in power systems, is then incorporated into the defender-attacker-defender model as a recourse operation for the power system operator after a terrorist attack. Computational results validate the cost-eectiveness of the novel model. In addition, a resilient distribution network planning problem (RDNP) is proposed in order to coordinate the hardening and distributed generation resource placement with the objective of minimizing the distribution system damage under uncertain natural disaster events. A multi-stage and multi-zone based uncertainty set is designed to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of a natural disaster as an extension to the N-K worst-case network interdiction approach. Finally, a power market day-ahead generation scheduling problem, i.e., robust unit commitment (RUC) problem, that takes account of uncertain demand is analyzed. Improvements have been made in achieving a fast
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Belpiede, Danilo. "Aplicação de algoritmos e evolutivos para a otimização do fluxo de potência em sistemas de subtransmissão de energia elétrica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-22042007-200433/.
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Esta dissertação apresenta uma metodologia de otimização do fluxo de potência em sistemas elétricos de subtransmissão utilizando duas técnicas da Computação Evolutiva, os Algoritmos Genéticos e as Estratégias Evolutivas. A metodologia decompõe o problema em duas partes e o trata seqüencialmente. A primeira parte procede com a otimização do fluxo de potência ativa e a segunda com a otimização do fluxo de potência reativa. São apresentadas as características e estruturas básicas dos Algoritmos Genéticos e das Estratégias Evolutivas. A técnica dos Algoritmos Genéticos é implementada no modelo de otimização do fluxo de potência ativa e a técnica das Estratégias Evolutivas no modelo de otimização do fluxo de potência reativa. As variáveis de controle dos modelos desenvolvidos são, respectivamente, os estados dos dispositivos de seccionamento e os níveis de tensão dos barramentos dos pontos de fronteira, associadas ao sistema analisado. Analisam-se os sistemas elétricos de subtransmissão que contêm múltiplos pontos de fronteira (conexão) com a Rede Básica e diversas possibilidades de configuração operativa. A metodologia proposta é aplicada a um sistema elétrico de subtransmissão real a fim de minimizar o custo dos encargos de uso dos sistemas de transmissão. Os resultados obtidos mostram a eficácia dos algoritmos desenvolvidos na busca das soluções desejadas.This dissertation presents a power flow optimization methodology on subtransmission electric systems using two techniques of Evolutionary Computation, namely the Genetic Algorithms and the Evolution Strategies. The methodology splits the problem into two parts and treats it separately. On the first step it proceeds to optimize the active power flow and on the second step to optimize the reactive power flow. Characteristics and basic structures of the Genetic Algorithms and the Evolution Strategies are shown. The Genetic Algorithms technique is implemented on the active power flow optimization model and the Evolution Strategies technique on the reactive power flow optimization model. The control variables of developed models are, respectively, the switch states and the border point bar voltage levels, associated to the analyzed system. The subtransmission electric systems that have multiple border (connection) points to the Basic Network and many operative configuration possibilities are analyzed. The proposed methodology is applied to a real subtransmission electric system in order to minimizes the transmission system use duty costs. The obtained results show the efficacy of the developed algorithms in the search of desired solutions.
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Yang, Yi. "Power line sensor networks for enhancing power line reliability and utilization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41087.
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Over the last several decades, electricity consumption and generation have continually grown. Investment in the Transmission and Distribution (T&D) infrastructure has been minimal and it has become increasingly difficult and expensive to permit and build new power lines. At the same time, a growing increase in the penetration of renewable energy resources is causing an unprecedented level of dynamics on the grid. Consequently, the power grid is congested and under stress.
To compound the situation, the utilities do not possess detailed information on the status and operating margins on their assets in order to use them optimally. The task of monitoring asset status and optimizing asset utilization for the electric power industry seems particularly challenging, given millions of assets and hundreds of thousands of miles of power lines distributed geographically over millions of square miles. The lack of situational awareness compromises system reliability, and raises the possibility of power outages and even cascading blackouts.
To address this problem, a conceptual Power Line Sensor Network (PLSN) is proposed in this research. The main objective of this research is to develop a distributed PLSN to provide continuous on-line monitoring of the geographically dispersed power grid by using hundreds of thousands of low-cost, autonomous, smart, and communication-enabled Power Line Sensor (PLS) modules thus to improve the utilization and reliability of the existing power system.
The proposed PLSN specifically targets the use of passive sensing techniques, focusing on monitoring the real-time dynamic capacity of a specific span of a power line under present weather conditions by using computational intelligence technologies. An ancillary function is to detect the presence of incipient failures along overhead power lines via monitoring and characterizing the electromagnetic fields around overhead conductors. This research integrates detailed modeling of the power lines and the physical manifestations of the parameters being sensed, with pattern recognition technologies. Key issues of this research also include design of a prototype PLS module with integrated sensing, power and communication functions, and validation of the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology integrated to this proposed PLSN.
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Guimarães, Marcos Antonio do Nascimento. "Reconfiguração de sistemas de distribuição de energia eletrica utilizando algoritmos de busca Tabu." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261716.
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Orientador: Carlos Alberto de Castro JuniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T10:50:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guimaraes_MarcosAntoniodoNascimento_M.pdf: 908712 bytes, checksum: d5cf1733a05a1a20b87eb0c7abf094fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: A reconfiguração de sistemas de distribuição consiste na alteração da topologia da rede através do fechamento e abertura de chaves instaladas em pontos estratégicos da rede. Normalmente o procedimento é utilizado para fins de isolamento de faltas, minimização de perdas de potência ativa e balanceamento de cargas entre os alimentadores. Esse problema é de difícil resolução devido ao grande número de variáveis envolvidas e das restrições impostas, sendo a restrição de radialidade a de mais difícil representação matemática. O problema pode ser classificado como um problema de programação não linear inteiro misto (PNLIM) e apresenta o fenômeno de explosão combinatorial. Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo de Busca Tabu para a reconfiguração de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica tendo como objetivo a maximização da margem de segurança com relação à estabilidade de tensão (ou margem de carregamento). São apresentados resultados para sistemas de 14 barras, 32 barras, 69 barras, 84 barras e os sistemas reais de 135 barras e 202 barras
Abstract: The network reconfiguration consists in modifying the topology of the network through the closing and opening of switches installed in strategical points. The reconfiguration of distribution systems is usually done to isolate faults, minimize real power losses, or to balance the load among feeders. This problem is difficult due to the great number of variables involved and the imposed constraints, being the constraint of radial structure of more difficult mathematical representation. The problem can be classified as nonlinear mixed integer programming problems with combinatorial explosion. The main objective of this work is to develop a Tabu Search algorithm for the reconfiguration of distribution systems for voltage stability margin enhancement. Results for the systems: 14 buses, 32 buses, 69 buses, 84 buses and the real systems 135 bus and 202 bus are presented and discussed.
Mestrado
Sistemas de Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Vinot, Benoît. "Conception d'un système d'information distribué pour la conduite des flexibilités dans un réseau de distribution électrique : modélisation, simulation et implémentation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM043/document.
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Le secteur industriel de l'énergie, et les réseaux électriques en particulier, rendent à nos sociétés modernes d'immenses services dont nous ne pouvons plus nous passer. Ils présentent aussi, hélas, un certain nombre de graves inconvénients, notamment en matière d'impact environnemental. Ces inconvénients apparaissent aujourd'hui comme inacceptables; le secteur de l'énergie s'efforce donc actuellement de les amoindrir autant que possible, dans le cadre de ce qu'on appelle la transition énergétique.Outre d'indispensables efforts en matière de sobriété et d'efficacité énergétique, deux grands axes d'amélioration se dessinent: d'une part, le remplacement progressif de certains moyens de production d'électricité conventionnels par des moyens de production renouvelables; et d'autre part, le transfert de certains usages aujourd'hui non-électriques vers l'électricité --- en particulier en matière de mobilité.L'intégration au réseau électrique de ces nouveaux types de dispositifs pose cependant des difficultés techniques considérables, qui motivent depuis le début des années 2000 de nombreux travaux sur le thème de ce que l'on appelle aujourd'hui les "smart grids": des réseaux électriques compatibles avec les exigences de la transition énergétique, c'est-à-dire capables d'accueillir massivement les nouveaux types d'usages comme la production photovoltaïque et les bornes de recharge des véhicules électriques, ceci notamment grâce à l'utilisation accrue des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication. Parmi les difficultés susmentionnées, qui limitent la capacité d'accueil du réseau, figurent les congestions, c'est-à-dire les limites physiques à la puissance que l'on peut faire transiter d'un point à un autre sur une infrastructure donnée. C'est à la gestion des congestions que nos travaux sont consacrés. À ce sujet, la question fondamentale est de déterminer par quel enchaînement de mesures, de calcul, de communications et in fine d'actions, on peut passer d'une situation de contrainte sur un réseau de distribution d'électricité, à une situation où cette contrainte a été éliminée par l'action des flexibilités environnantes; autrement dit, en augmentant ou en réduisant judicieusement la production et/ou la consommation locales, et éventuellement en jouant sur d'autres types de leviers.L'objet de cette thèse est de participer à l'élaboration des outils conceptuels et informatiques qui nous permettront de répondre à la question fondamentale ci-dessus. Nos travaux portent ainsi sur la question de la modélisation des réseaux de distribution d'électricité "flexibles", et sur l'implémentation concrète des modèles retenus sous forme d'un logiciel de simulation ad hoc, parfaitement adapté à l'étude de ce type de réseauxThe energy sector and the electrical networks in particular, provide great and indispensable services to our modern societies. Unfortunately, they also bring some serious drawbacks, especially with regard to the environment. These drawbacks are becoming more and more unacceptable; that is why the energy sector is trying to reduce them as much as possible, in the framework of the so-called energy transition.In addition to mandatory efforts in terms of energy efficiency and sobriety, two major directions of improvement have been identified: on the one hand, the progressive replacement of some conventional power plants with renewable production units; and on the other hand, the transfer of several non-electrical usages towards electricity --- in particular in the area of mobility.The integration of these new devices into electrical networks raise new technical challenges which, since the early 2000s, have been driving a lot of work about so-called "smart grids": electrical networks compatible with the requirements of the energy transition, ie. able to host new devices like photovoltaic solar panels and charging stations for electric vehicles, notably through the increasing usage of new information and communications technologies.Among the difficulties mentioned above, which limit the hosting capacity of the network, there are congestions ie. physical constraints limiting the amount of power that may be transmitted through a given infrastructure. Our work is devoted to the management of congestions. The fundamental issue thereon is to define a sequence of decisions, computations, communications and in fine actionsthat allows to move from a constrained situation on the electrical distribution network, to a situation in which the action of local flexibilities has lifted the constraint; in other words, to a situation where increasing or decreasing local generation and/or consumption, or taking some other control action, relieved the network.The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of conceptual and computing tools that will allow us to answer the fundamental aforementioned issue. Our work thus deals with the modelling of flexible electrical distribution networks, and with the tangible implementation of selected models in the form of ad hoc simulation software, specifically designed for the study of such networks
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Bettoni, Luiz Marcelo Michelotti. "Modelos plim para otimização de circuitos da rede de distribuição secundária de energia elétrica." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/373.
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ANEELEm sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica é comum o desenvolvimento de projetos que busquem a melhoria dos índices de equilíbrio de cargas, carregamento de transformadores e quedas de tensão ao longo dos circuitos da rede secundária. O presente trabalho apresenta modelos matemáticos de Programação Linear Inteira Mista (PLIM) para quatro das intervenções técnicas usualmente praticadas com vistas a estas melhorias: balanceamento de carga, troca de condutor, divisão de circuito e remanejamento de carga. Os modelos respeitam aspectos técnicos, elétricos e considerações operacionais dos especialistas na busca de soluções que minimizem o investimento necessário para restabelecimento destes índices. Um método linear simplificado para o cálculo elétrico, baseado no Backward-Forward Sweep (BFS), é proposto a fim de incluir restrições sobre níveis de tensão diretamente nos modelos. A realização conjunta das intervenções é sugerida em uma proposta de integração de modelos por encadeamento de soluções. Para desenvolvimento dos modelos PLIM criou-se o ambiente de modelagem Gusek, interface para o solver livre GLPK. Os modelos foram implementados em uma ferramenta de apoio à tomada de decisão para projetos de melhoria de rede. Resultados são apresentados através de estudos de caso com dados de circuitos reais.
In eletric power distribution systems it is common to develop projects to improve the levels of load balancing, transformer loading and voltage drops along secondary network circuits. This paper presents Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) mathematical models for adressing four technical interventions usually undertaken to achieve these improvements: load balancing, conductor changing, circuit split, and load relocation. These models comply with technical and electrical aspects and satisfy operational considerations from specialists in finding solutions that minimize the required investment for restoration of circuit levels. A simplified linear power flow method, based on the Backward-Forward Sweep (BFS), is proposed to include voltage levels constraints into the models. The combination of interventions is suggested in a proposal for integration of models by chaining solutions. To develop the MILP models the GUSEK modeling environment was created as an interface for the GLPK free solver. The models were implemented in a decision-making support tool for network improvement projects. Results are presented through case studies with data from real circuits.
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Correa, Juan R. (Juan Roza). "Optimization of a fast-response distribution network." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39596.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69).
Inditex is one of the world's largest fashion distributors, operating 3,100 stores in 64 countries; its brands currently include Zara, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home and Kiddy's Class. The group's flagship company is Zara, which is the world's largest "fast fashion" company: through unique and carefully integrated design, manufacturing and distribution processes, Zara routinely achieves design-to-shelf leadtimes of 6 weeks against an industry average of 6 months, and introduces 11,000 references per season against an industry average of 3,000. Throughout the season, Zara currently ships every new incoming product to all 950 stores comprising its distribution network at the same time. Its operations group has recognized a large opportunity in customizing the assortment of products offered in each store based on local sales, and staggering shipments to stores of each new reference in order to acquire more accurate sales forecast and enable better subsequent inventory allocation decisions. My thesis will detail the development and implementation of new optimization models for dynamically allocating inventory across Zara's distribution network.
(cont.) It will build upon and expand an ongoing collaboration between Zara and a team of two faculty at MIT (Pr. Jeremie Gallien) and UCLA (Pr. Felipe Caro). In addition, it will also explore five of the most used fabrics in manufacturing in order to satisfy the "fast fashion" model. It will describe the preferred fabric properties and any manufacturing issues that arise as a result of the fabric choices. Specifically, it will detail how changes in the structure of the fabric affect its final properties.
by Juan R. Correa.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Khan, Asif H. "Analysis of time varying load for minimum loss distribution reconfiguration." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-171313/.
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Brown, Richard E. "Reliability assessment and design optimization in electric power distribution systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6036.
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GIMENEZ, JOSE-LUIS. "Contribution a la decomposition de systemes interconnectes par programmation dynamique non serielle : application a des systemes de puissance." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30049.
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Gormez, Mehmet A. "DRIVING CYCLE OPTIMIZATION OF AN ELECTRIC CITY BUS NETWORK." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron153357330257683.
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Chen, William Wen-Hou. "An auxiliary power distribution network for an electric vehicle." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2284.
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The University of Canterbury purchased a modern Toyota MR2 sports car with the
intention of converting it into an electric vehicle. Similar to the common combustion engine
vehicles, electric vehicles requires power and control systems to operate the 12Vdc
auxiliaries, such as lights, indicators and wipers. Traditional technology results in a large
number of wires in the wiring harness. To reduce the number of wires, an alternative
method is to use a pair of control lines and a universal power connection around the
vehicle. This power and control system is named the "Power Distribution Network" and it
is implemented by using multiple power converters and a differential control system.
This thesis presents the design, implementation, and test results of the Power
Distribution Network for the MR2. The 300Vdc nominal battery voltage is converted to an
intermediate voltage of 48V. This configuration is considered more efficient than the usual
12V distribution system since smaller and lighter wires can be used to carry same amount
of power. The Power Distribution Network operates off the 48V intermediate voltage, and
provides 12V output power to drive all the auxiliaries in the vehicle. The Power
Distribution Network also has the ability of detect faults from the auxiliary loads as well as
turn on and off these loads.
The Power Distribution Network is implemented with two major systems: the
Auxiliary Power System, which consists of a 360W Cuk converter with current limiting
control circuits to step-down voltage from the 48V intermediate voltage to the 12V. The
other system is the CAN Control system, it is developed using micro-controllers and standalone
CAN controllers that control and monitor the auxiliary loads in the vehicle.
The prototype Power Distribution Network is fully operational and has been tested
with eight of 12V light bulbs which are used to simulate the auxiliary loads in the vehicle.
Experimental measurements show that the prototype is able to successfully control the light
bulbs under the full load condition. This confirms that in principle the Power Distribution
Network is suitable as the power and control system for the auxiliary loads in an electric
vehicle.
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Chopyak, Ann-Marie, and Haotian Lee. "Distribution network optimization in the uniform rental industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100081.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Logistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-42).
Optimization models are a commonly used tool to identify cost efficient network flows. Complexity increases when various products move across different paths and transportation modes within one network. To address the challenges posed by this complexity, this thesis develops a mixed integer linear programming model for a uniform rental company. The company's product families are routed through intermediary distribution centers, while others bypass these points and move directly to a regional distribution center. Various simulations were run with the objective of minimizing fixed costs, warehousing, inventory and transportation expenses. The function was constrained by flow balance, demand and capacity constraints. The optimal solution proposed a network that used less facilities than currently operated within the company, and some in new locations due to transportation cost savings. As volume increased, the network structure continued to shift further from the company's current structure. Demand increased the influence of variable rates, while transportation lane rates were a significant factor in every version of the model run.
by Ann-Marie Chopyak and Haotian Lee.
M. Eng. in Logistics
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Nova, Rincón Arley Fernando. "Dynamic optimization of a district cooling distribution network." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3020.
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L’utilisation de froid (industriel et climatisation) dans le monde ne cesse d’augmenter et les prévisions annoncent un accroissement continu de la demande de froid dans les années à venir. De ce fait, la recherche d’un moyen fiable et performant permettant la fourniture de froid est plus que jamais d’actualité. Dans ce contexte, les réseaux de froid urbains sont de plus en plus étudiés. Actuellement, la plupart des études portant sur la simulation numérique ou l’optimisation de ces systèmes ont été mises en œuvre en régime stationnaire. Compte tenu de cela, le présent manuscrit propose une méthodologie de résolution mathématique pour la simulation et l’optimisation dynamiques d’un réseau de froid urbain.Le modèle dynamique inclut les équations différentielles permettant de représenter les variations de température dans les canalisations, ainsi que les bilans de masses et d’énergie aux nœuds du réseau et dans les échangeurs thermiques alimentant les consommateurs. Le modèle ainsi construit est un système d’équations aux dérivées partielles et algébriques. Nous détaillons la méthode de double collocation orthogonale sur éléments finis permettant de discrétiser ces équations afin d’obtenir un système comprenant uniquement des équations algébriques. Le modèle ainsi discrétisé est alors ajouté aux contraintes du problème d’optimisation à résoudre, conformément à la stratégie de résolution orientée équations. Les variables d’optimisation (de décision) sont les profils spatiaux et temporels de température et les profils temporels de débit dans tout le système. D’autres variables d’optimisation, tels que les diamètres des canalisations, sont ajoutées par la suite. Cette méthodologie d’optimisation dynamique est résolue pour deux fonction objectif différentes (exploitation et économique) appliquées à un cas test, inspiré de la littérature, comprenant 20 consommateurs représentant 5 catégories de bâtiments différents ayant des demandes temporelles de froid variables. Tout ceci est soumis aux variations de température extérieure pour différentes localisations.La première fonction objectif a pour but de maintenir la température de retour dans l’unité de production de froid proche de la température considérée pour le dimensionnement de cette unité afin d’assurer un fonctionnement efficace et d’éviter un problème bien connu dans les réseaux de froid appelé « low ΔT syndrome ». Ensuite, en garantissant toujours un tel fonctionnement, la seconde fonction objectif a pour but de minimiser une fonction coût incluant les coûts de production de froid et de pompage dans le réseau en considérant les diamètres comme variables d’optimisation. Une procédure particulière, enchainement de simulations stationnaires puis dynamiques, est proposée afin d’obtenir une initialisation permettant la convergence vers un optimum de confiance du problème d’optimisation dynamique. Cette méthodologie a permis d’obtenir les profils temporels optimaux des variables de contrôle du système dans les conditions d’utilisation désirées ainsi que les diamètres de l’ensemble du réseau pour deux coûts représentant différents types de technologie de production de froid. Les simulations et optimisations dynamiques (pour les deux fonctions objectif) ont été réalisées pour des tuyaux isolés et pour des tuyaux non isolés. La méthodologie mise en place présente un temps de résolution faible sur un ordinateur portable classique ce qui démontre son potentiel d’utilisation pour le développement d’application de contrôle et de prédiction de ce type de systèmeDue to the increasing demand for cooling worldwide and the need for reliable and energy-efficient alternatives to provide it, the analysis of district cooling (DC) networks has become a focus of interest in recent years. Currently, most of the developments in the field of numerical simulation and optimization of these systems have been done by implementing steady-state models. Considering this, in the present work we proposed a methodology based on mathematical programming for the dynamic simulation and optimization of the distribution system in district cooling networks.The dynamic model includes a partial differential equation to describe the variation of the temperature in the pipes, and heat and mass balances in the users and in the interconnecting nodes of the network. This arrangement is known as a partial differential algebraic equation (PDAE) problem. We detail the implementation of 2D- Orthogonal Collocation on Finite Elements (OCFE) for the discretization of the dynamic problem. Then the previously discretized model is added to the optimization constraint set, according to the simultaneous (equation-oriented) solution strategy. The optimization variables (decision variables) include the spatial and temporal profiles of the temperatures and temporal profiles of the mass flows of the system. Additional optimization variables (pipe diameters…) are progressively introduced. We apply this methodology for the analysis of an operational and a cost objective function in a medium size cooling system, serving 20 consumers grouped in five different categories with fluctuating cooling demands subject to variable external conditions. The first objective function considers that in DC networks, the temperature of the cooling utility returning to the production site must be close to the design temperature of the installed technology to ensure proper efficiency and avoid the technical issue known as low ΔT syndrome. Then, still ensuring this condition, the second objective function aims to minimize a cost function (production and pumping costs) including the diameter of the pipes as decision variables. The methodology allowed the computation of the optimal mass flow profiles to operate the system under the desired conditions and the estimation of the pipe diameters of the distribution network for two different costs of production. For the two objective functions, the dynamic simulation and optimization were performed using insulated and non-insulated piping. The proposed methodology exhibits low CPU cost that demonstrates its potential use for the development of applications for the operation and forecasting of distributed systems
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Bazrafshan, Mohammadhafez. "Stochastic optimization for power management in radial distribution networks with renewable photovoltaic generation." Thesis, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1565173.
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The stochastic nature of solar renewable power poses challenges in distribution networks with high-penetration photovoltaic (PV) generation in terms of maintaining adequate generation to satisfy end-users as well as accomplishing voltage regulation. However, real power control of modern programmable electric loads and reactive power compensation from the power electronic interfaces of PV generators offer opportunities to overcome these challenges to eventually achieve customer satisfaction and minimize costs for the operation of distribution systems. To cope with the random and intermittent nature of solar generation, this thesis introduces a stochastic optimization model for real and reactive power management in such distribution systems with a large number of residential-scale PV generation units. Decision variables include demand response schedules of programmable loads, as well as reactive power consumption or generation by the PV inverters in a fashion adaptive to the uncertain real power generation. Voltage regulation is also addressed in the stochastic optimization framework through enforcement of suitable constraints or using principles of risk-averse optimization. A decentralized solver based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is also developed featuring closed-form updates per node and communication only between neighboring nodes. Numerical tests are provided to demonstrate the superior performance of applying this stochastic optimization model for power management in large distribution networks compared to other proposed schemes in the literature.
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Fouathia, Ouahab. "Stratégie de maintenance centrée sur la fiabilité dans les réseaux électriques de haute tension." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211003.
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Aujourd’hui les réseaux électriques sont exploités dans un marché dérégulé. Les gestionnaires des réseaux électriques sont tenus d’assurer un certain nombre de critères de fiabilité et de continuité du service, tout en minimisant le coût total consacré aux efforts effectués pour maintenir la fiabilité des installations. Il s’agit de trouver une stratégie, qui répond à plusieurs exigences, comme :le coût, les performances, la législation, les exigences du régulateur, etc. Cependant, le processus de prise de décision est subjectif, car chaque participant ramène sa contribution sur base de sa propre expérience. Bien que ce processus permette de trouver la « meilleure » stratégie, cette dernière n’est pas forcément la stratégie « optimale ». Ce compromis technico-économique a sensibilisé les gestionnaires des réseaux électriques à la nécessité d’un recours à des outils d’aide à la décision, qui doivent se baser sur des nouvelles approches quantitatives et une modélisation plus proches de la réalité physique.Cette thèse rentre dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche lancé par ELIA, et dénommé COMPRIMa (Cost-Optimization Models for the Planning of the Renewal, Inspection, and Maintenance of Belgian power system facilities). Ce projet vise à développer une méthodologie qui permet de modéliser une partie du réseau électrique de transport (par les réseaux de Petri stochastiques) et de simuler son comportement dynamique sur un horizon donné (simulation de Monte Carlo). L’évaluation des indices de fiabilité permet de comparer les différents scénarios qui tentent d’améliorer les performances de l’installation. L’approche proposée est basée sur la stratégie RCM (Reliability-Centered Maintenance).
La méthodologie développée dans cette thèse permet une modélisation plus réaliste du réseau qui tient compte, entre autres, des aspects suivants :
- La corrélation quantitative entre le processus de maintenance et le processus de vieillissement des composants (par un modèle d’âge virtuel) ;
- Les dépendances liées à l’aspect multi-composant du système, qui tient compte des modes de défaillance spécifiques des systèmes de protection ;
- L’aspect économique lié à la stratégie de maintenance (inspection, entretien, réparation, remplacement), aux coupures (programmées et forcées) et aux événements à risque (refus disjoncteur, perte d’un client, perte d’un jeu de barres, perte d’une sous-station, etc.).
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Nduku, Nyaniso Prudent. "Development of methods for distribution network power quality variation monitoring." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1144.
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Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009The purpose of this project is to develop methods for distribution network power quality' variations monitoring. Power quality (PO) has become a significant issue for both power suppliers and customers. There have been important changes in power system regarding to power quality requirements. "Power quality" is the combination at voltage quality and current quality. The main research problem of the project is to investigate the power quality of a distribution network by selection of proper measurement, applying and developing the existing classic and modern signal conditioning methods for power disturbance's parameters extracting and monitoring. The research objectives are: To study the standard lEC 61000-4-30 requirements. to investigate the common couplings in the distribution network. To identity the points for measurement, to develop MySQL database for the data from the measurement and to develop MATLAB software tor simulation of the network To develop methods based on Fourier transforms for estimation of the parameters of the disturbances. To develop software for the methods implementation, The influence of different loads on power quality disturbances are considered in the distribution network. Points on the network and meters according to the lEC power quality standards are investigated and applied for the CPUT Bellville campus distribution network. The implementation of the power quality monitoring for the CPUT Bellville campus helps the quality of power supply to be improved and the used power to be reduced. MATLAB programs to communicate with the database and calculate the disturbances and power quality parameters are developed.
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Mookherjea, Shayan 1977. "Optical distribution networks : signal-to-noise ratio optimization and distributed erbium-doped fiber amplifiers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9087.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves [149]-151) and index.
Two important issues related to the use of remotely-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers in optical distribution networks are analyzed. We investigate the optimal allocation of gain and loss among the stages of a lumped amplifier chain, using the concepts of a Nash solution and Pareto optimality. The propagation of optical channels along an erbium-doped fiber is derived from basic physical considerations, and compared with the well-known Desurvire model. We demonstrate a simple method of constructing bus distribution networks, but this approach is particularly sensitive to the numerical values of the parameters. A second approach is then discussed, extending the analysis of Sun et al. from ab-initio principles to model the effect of detectors (users) along a distribution network. Theoretical closed-form results indicate that the number of optical receivers that can be supported using this scheme is at least two orders of magnitude higher than without optical amplification. Finally, we analyze the effect of dynamic perturbations in the power that is extracted at the receivers. Though our focus is on bus networks, we also discuss tree distribution networks as extensions of the basic models. Our results have implications on the architecture of optical distribution networks.
by Shayan Mookherjea.
S.M.
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Guasch, Rodriguez David. "Reducing total fulfillment costs through distribution network design optimization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80998.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-57).
Compared to legacy retailers, online retailers have the potential to better accommodate buyer needs by offering more service time and inventory options. One fundamental operational challenge faced by most online businesses is designing a cost effective distribution network. Based on a fixed number of locations with finite resources, companies strive for finding the cost minimizing formula for fulfilling each customer order while meeting rigorous time constraints. In practice this involves allocating specific geographies to each warehouse and defining the logistic routes serving each customer. In an attempt to address this question, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model has been developed as a decisionmaking tool for determining the optimal carrier-destination combination at each facility. The resulting algorithm is capable of analyzing thousands of potential shipping lanes and selecting those that minimize overall shipping cost. Based on historical data from customer orders, the model consistently finds an optimal network configuration yielding operational savings on the order of 1.5%. Furthermore, the algorithm can be used to identify near-optimal solutions requiring minor tweaks on the current configuration that produce significant economic gains. This simulation tool can be used on a regular basis to adapt the outbound network to demand fluctuations. However, this phenomenon evinces the existence of a fine trade-off between economic gains and operational feasibility. For that reason, a heuristic for selecting the most robust solution is also proposed.
by David Guasch Rodriguez.
S.M.
M.B.A.
23
Julie, Ferdie Gavin. "Development of an IEC 61850 standard-based automation system for a distribution power network." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1183.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThe electric power distribution network, an essential section of the electric power system, supplies electrical power to the customer. Automating the distribution network allows for better efficiency, reliability, and level of work through the installation of distribution control systems. Presently, research and development efforts are focused in the area of communication technologies and application of the IEC 61850 protocol to make distribution automation more comprehensive, efficient and affordable. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the relevance of the IEC61850 standard-based technology in the development and investigation of the distribution automation for a typical underground distribution network through the development of a distribution automation algorithm for fault detection, location, isolation and service restoration and the building of a lab scale test bench Distribution Automation (DA) has been around for many decades and each utility applies its developments for different reasons. Nowadays, due to the advancement in the communication technology, authentic and automatic reconfigurable power system that replies swiftly to instantaneous events is possible. Distribution automation functions do not only supersede legacy devices, but it allows the distribution network to function on another lever. The primary function of a DA system is to enable the devices on the distribution network to be operated and controlled remotely to automatically locate, isolate and reconnect supply during fault conditions. Utilities have become increasingly interested in DA due to the numerous benefits it offers. Operations, maintenance and efficiencies within substations and out on the feeders can be improved by the development of new additional capabilities of DA. Furthermore, the new standard-based technology has advanced further than a traditional Distribution Supervisory and Control Data Acquisition (DSCADA) system. These days the most important components of a DA system include Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). IEDs have evolved through the years and execute various protection related actions, monitoring and control functions and are very promising for improving the operation of the DA systems. The thesis has developed an algorithm for automatic fault detection, location, isolation and system supply restoration using the functions of the IEC61850 standard-based technology. A lab scale system that would meet existing and future requirements for the control and automation of a typical underground distribution system is designed and constructed. The requirement for the lab scale distribution system is to have the ability to clear faults through reliable and fast protection operation, isolate faulted section/s, on the network and restore power to the unaffected parts of the network through automation control operation functions of the IEC61850 standard. Various tests and simulations have been done on the lab scale test bench to prove that the objective of the thesis is achieved. Keywords: IEC61850 Standard, Distribution automation, Distribution automation system, IEDs, Lab scale test bench, Protection, Algorithm for automatic control
24
Okubo, H., T. Otsuka, K. Kato, N. Hayakawa, and M. Hikita. "Electric field optimization of high voltage electrode based on neural network." IEEE, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6881.
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Østrem, Trond. "Reliable electric power conversion for connecting renewables to the distribution network." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2178.
Full textAbstract:
When connecting distributed power generation systems to the utility grid, a power converter is normally placed between the main grid and the local micro-grid, at the point of common coupling. In order to synchronize the converter to the utility grid voltages, a synchronizing circuit is needed. A common way of doing this, is to use a phase-locked loop (PLL). This circuit estimates a voltage reference angle which is fed to the control system of the power converter. One of the simplest PLL designs is based on the grid voltage zero crossings. The drawback of this method is that no information about the grid voltage conditions is available in the interval between the zero crossing. The design has been implemented and successfully tested on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) circuit connected to a power converter. A more advanced way of designing a PLL is by using voltage vector control. The method is more complex and time consuming. On the other hand, information about the grid voltage condition is always available. The design fails to run properly if the grid voltages are unbalanced or distorted. In order to improve the performance, a multi-variable filter tuned at nominal grid frequency may be added. This solution has been implemented on an FPGA circuit and successfully tested. The multi-variable filter will cause an angle displacement if the grid frequency deviates from its nominal value. The author proposes a method called Adaptive Signal Cancellation (ASC), in order to make the PLL frequency independent. The method is based on a method called Delayed Signal Cancellation (DSC) where the grid voltages are inputted and symmetric voltage components are outputted. Instead of delaying signals, the ASC is phase shifting signals, obtaining approximately the same performance. In addition to providing the control circuit with an estimated voltage reference angle, the circuit also outputs signals determining grid voltage conditions: voltage level, symmetry and frequency. These signals can be used in an overhead control structure taking care of power management and protection.
26
Heisinger, Ryan R. "Optimization of a Marine Corps artillery battalion supply distribution network." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FHeisinger.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Alderson, David L. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 22, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p.51). Also available in print.
27
Kanduri, Venkata Ramanujam. "Distributed generation impact on fault response of a distrubution [i.e., distribution] network." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2004. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11122004-151757.
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Hultman, Gustav. "DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DESIGN : Optimization & simulation of an international supply chain." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171754.
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Höganäs AB's current distribution network for iron powder in the Asia Pacific (APAC) region is subject to high costs incurred by large inventories and high cost of capital. As a result of increasing demand and service level requirements from customers, inventories have steadily increased. Keeping a high inventory level has enabled high service levels irrespective of supply disruptions or changes in demand. It is important that the distribution network incorporates a balance between robustness and cost efficiency and not only focuses on one of these aspects. The purpose of this project is to provide Höganäs AB with scientific data on how the distribution network can be improved in terms of lowering the total cost of warehousing and distribution while maintaining or improving customer service. There are several goals for this project. The first goal is to optimize the flow of material in the distribution network given empirical data of customer demand. The intended model is a linear program. The linear program will solve a multi echelon, period, product, location and transportation mode instance of the distribution network design problem. The second goal is to test the robustness of the optimal solutions resulting from the linear program by stochastic simulation. The simulations utilize the optimal network designs generated by the linear program and is done for a set of possible scenarios where key parameters are changed. By adjusting key parameters and measuring the effect on cost and service level, the goal is to evaluate the robustness of each configuration. By keeping the existing nodes of the distribution network and changing the flow of material and distribution strategy, lower inventories can be maintained and service level kept high regardless of demand growth and supply disruption. The optimal distribution network design is one from the linear program, configured with a 14 day inventory level and 10 day reorder point for warehouses. The optimal design shows that distribution is made more robust and efficient by allowing for distribution between warehouses or supplying customers normally affiliated with other warehouses. It also suggests that a central redistribution warehouse is a possible improvement to the current network design.Höganäs AB's nuvarande distributionsnätverket for järnpulver i Asien-Stillahavsregionen (APAC) är kostsamt till följd av höga lagernivåer och kapitalkostnader. Ökande efterfrågan och krav på hög servicenivå har inneburit en stadig ökning av lagernivåerna, vilket möjliggjort för företaget att upprätthålla servicenivån oberoende av störningar i leveranskedjan eller förändringar i efterfrågan. Det är viktigt att distributionsnätverket är balanserat avseende stabilitet och kostnadseffektivitet och inte endast optimeras avseende en av faktorerna. Syftet med projektet är förse Höganäs AB vetenskapligt understödd information om hur den totala kostnaden för distributionsnätverket kan sänkas samtidigt som kundservicen upprätthålls eller förbättras. Det finns flera mål för projektet. Det första målet är att optimera materialflödet i distributionsnätverket givet empiriska data över efterfrågan. Den avsedda modellen är ett linjärprogram som löser en instans av distributionsnätverkverksdesign-problemet med multipla lager, perioder, produkter, lokaliseringar och transportsätt. Det andra målet är att utvärdera stabiliteten hos de optimala lösningar som härrör från linjärprogrammet genom stokastisk simulering. Simuleringarna använder de optimala nätverksdesigner som genereras av det linjärprogrammet och genomförs för en uppsättning möjliga scenarier där nyckelparametrar ändras. Genom att justera nyckelparametrar och mäta effekten på kostnad och servicenivå är målet att utvärdera stabiliteten för varje konfiguration. Genom att behålla de befintliga noderna i distributionsnätverket och ändra materialflödet samt distributionsstrategin kan lägre lagernivåer uppnås och servicenivån hålls hög oavsett förändrad efterfrågan och störningar i leveranskedjan. Den optimala distributionsnätverkverksdesignen är en lösning från linjärprogrammet konfigurerat med 14 dagars lagernivå och 10 dagars beställningspunkt. Den optimala designen visar att distributionen görs mer stabil och effektiv genom att tillåta leveranser mellan lagerpunkterna eller att försörja kunder från andra lagerpunkter än de normalt försörjs från. Resultatet påvisar också att en strategiskt placerad omlastningscentral kan förbättra det nuvarande distributionsnätverket.
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Giraud, Xavier. "Méthodes et outils pour la conception optimale des réseaux de distribution d'électricité dans les aéronefs." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955887.
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Dans le domaine aéronautique, la dernière décennie a été marquée par une augmentation constante et progressive du taux d'électrification des systèmes embarqués. L'avion plus électrique est aujourd'hui vu comme un axe d'amélioration majeure pour l'industrie aéronautique permettant d'atteindre des objectifs toujours plus ambitieux : réduction de l'impact environnemental, rationalisation des coûts de maintenance... Dans ce contexte, le réseau de distribution électrique joue un rôle majeur. Les architectes doivent imaginer de nouveaux concepts architecturaux afin d'assurer le " service " de fourniture d'électricité tout en minimisant la masse et le coût. Ainsi les travaux de cette thèse proposent des méthodes d'aide à la conception pour les architectes de réseau. Le manuscrit se divise en 2 parties pouvant être vues comme 2 études distinctes et qui sont introduites dans le chapitre 1. La 1ère partie, traitée dans les chapitres 2 et 3, développe des méthodes et outils afin de résoudre de manière automatique et optimale 2 tâches de l'architecte : la définition des reconfigurations du réseau et l'identification de l'allocation des charges. La formalisation de ces 2 problématiques met en lumière une caractéristique commune : l'explosion combinatoire. Ainsi les résolutions sont réalisées à l'aide de méthodes issues de la recherche opérationnelle. Un processus général est défini afin de traiter les 2 tâches de manière consistante. Les aspects liés à la reconfiguration sont traités à l'aide de : la théorie des graphes pour modéliser la connectivité du réseau, un système expert capturant les règles métiers et la programmation linéaire sélectionnant les reconfigurations les plus performantes. La méthode a été appliquée avec succès sur des réseaux avions existants (A400M et A350) ainsi que sur des réseaux plus électriques prospectifs. La deuxième tâche consistant en l'allocation des charges a été résolue à l'aide de méthodes stochastiques. L'algorithme génétique utilisant une méthode de nichage se révèle être le plus performant en proposant à l'architecte réseau des solutions performantes et variées. La 2ème partie, traitée dans le chapitre 4, s'intéresse à un nouveau concept le " cœur électronique modulaire et mutualisé ". Cet organe de distribution, étroitement lié à l'avion plus électrique, se caractérise par la mutualisation de " m " modules électronique de puissance pour " c " charges électriques. Les méthodes développées dans le chapitre 4 vise à concevoir de manière optimale ce nouveau cœur en ayant 2 degrés de liberté : le nombre " m " de modules et les reconfigurations entre les " m " modules et les " c " charges. De nouveau, la formalisation du problème met en évidence l'explosion combinatoire à laquelle est confronté le concepteur. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de proposer un cadre méthodologique pour la résolution de ce problème de conception. Ainsi une heuristique a été développée pour résoudre ce problème combinatoire. Une attention particulière a été portée pour développer des modèles de composants simples et génériques dans une procédure générale organisée. Enfin une cartographie a été réalisée afin de dégager d'une part les formes de solutions les plus performantes et d'identifier les éléments ayant les impacts les plus significatifs sur la masse du système complet.
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Hilber, Patrik. "Maintenance optimization for power distribution systems." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Electrical Engineering, Elektrotekniska system, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4686.
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Akkas, Izzet Saygin. "Reliability Based Water Distribution Network Design." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607830/index.pdf.
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The need of water and the limited sources, force the researchers to find the most economical and feasible solution in the design of a water distribution network. In this study, reliability and optimization of a water distribution network are taken into account together in the design stage of the network. The relationship between reliability of a water distribution network and its cost is examined during the design of a water distribution network. A methodology for deciding the reliability level of the selected design is proposed by examining the reliability-cost relationship. The design alternatives for the case study area are obtained by the aid of a commercially available software WADISO employing partial enumeration optimization technique. The reliability value for each of the design alternative is calculated according to Misirdali (2003)&rsquos adaptation based on the methodology proposed by Bao and Mays (1990) by the aid of a hydraulic network solver program HapMam prepared by Nohutç
u (2002). For purposes of illustration, the skeletonized form of Ankara Water Distribution Network subpressure zone (N8-1) is taken as the case study area. The methodology in this study, covering the relation between the reliability and the cost of a water distribution network and the proposed reliability level can be used in the design of new systems.
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Das, Debrup. "Dynamic control of grid power flow using controllable network transformers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43739.
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The objective of the research is to develop a cost-effective, dynamic grid controller called the controllable network transformer (CNT) that can be implemented by augmenting existing load tap changing (LTC) transformers with an AC-AC converter. The concept is based on using a fractionally rated direct AC-AC converter to control the power through an existing passive LTC. By using a modulation strategy based on virtual quadrature sources (VQS), it is possible to control both the magnitude and the phase angle of the output voltage of the CNT without having any inter-phase connections. The CNT architecture has many advantages over existing power flow controllers, like absence of low frequency storage, fractional converter rating, retro-fitting existing assets and independent per-phase operation making it potentially attractive for utility applications.
The independent control of the magnitude and the phase angle of the output voltage allow independent real and reactive power flow control through the CNT-controlled line. In a meshed network with asymmetric network stresses this functionality can be used to redirect power from critically loaded assets to other relatively under-utilized parallel paths. The power flow controllability of CNT can thus be used to lower the overall cost of generation of power. The solid state switches in the CNT with fast response capability enable incorporation of various additional critical functionalities like grid fault ride through, bypassing internal faults and dynamic damping. This bouquet of features makes the CNT useful under both steady state and transient conditions without compromising the grid reliability.
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Riechel, Patrick. "A phased approach to distribution network optimization given incremental supply chain change." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73394.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
This thesis addresses the question of how to optimize a distribution network when the supply chain has undergone an incremental change. A case study is presented for Company A, a major global biotechnology company that recently acquired a new manufacturing facility in Ireland. Company A already has international operations throughout Europe and the rest of the world through its network of 3rd party logistics providers, wholesalers, and distributors, as well as its own Benelux-based international distribution center. It now seeks to optimize its current network by taking into consideration the possibility of distributing product directly out of Ireland and by potentially outsourcing some of the distribution currently sourced from its Benelux facility. The thesis uses a phased approach to optimizing the network in order to tackle the common enterprise challenges of 1) building consensus around the solution and 2) simultaneously learning about the problem while attempting to solve it in order to meet a compressed project schedule. Through a number of simplifications, the thesis reduces the problem scope to a level that both enables the use of this phased approach and provides for a less-complex and less time-intense analysis manageable within the given time frame. The unique characteristics of the biotechnology industry drive the analysis to closely study direct effects of and potential risks to availability and lead-time of the various distribution options while trading off distribution, packaging, inventory, and capital expenditure costs. The recommendations resulting from the analysis described in this thesis are used to inform Company A's future distribution strategy regarding additional warehousing capacities, the continued use of the Benelux facility, as well as potential strategic partnerships with 3rd party logistics service providers.
by Patrick Riechel.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Yu, Xuebei. "Distribution system reliability enhancement." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41091.
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Practically all everyday life tasks from economic transactions to entertainment depend on the availability of electricity. Some customers have come to expect a higher level of power quality and availability from their electric utility. Federal and state standards are now mandated for power service quality and utilities may be penalized if the number of interruptions exceeds the mandated standards. In order to meet the requirement for safety, reliability and quality of supply in distribution system, adaptive relaying and optimal network reconfiguration are proposed. By optimizing the system to be better prepared to handle a fault, the end result will be that in the event of a fault, the minimum number of customers will be affected. Thus reliability will increase.
The main function of power system protection is to detect and remove the faulted parts as fast and as selectively as possible. The problem of coordinating protective relays in electric power systems consists of selecting suitable settings such that their fundamental protective function is met under the requirements of sensitivity, selectivity, reliability, and speed. In the proposed adaptive relaying approach, weather data will be incorporated as follows. By using real-time weather information, the potential area that might be affected by the severe weather will be determined. An algorithm is proposed for adaptive optimal relay setting (relays will optimally react to a potential fault). Different types of relays (and relay functions) and fuses will be considered in this optimization problem as well as their coordination with others. The proposed optimization method is based on mixed integer programming that will provide the optimal relay settings including pickup current, time dial setting, and different relay functions and so on.
The main function of optimal network reconfiguration is to maximize the power supply using existing breakers and switches in the system. The ability to quickly and flexibly reconfigure the power system of an interconnected network of feeders is a key component of Smart Grid. New technologies are being injected into the distribution systems such as advanced metering, distribution automation, distribution generation and distributed storage. With these new technologies, the optimal network reconfiguration becomes more complicated. The proposed algorithms will be implemented and demonstrated on a realistic test system. The end result will be improved reliability. The improvements will be quantified with reliability indexes such as SAIDI.
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Constante, Flores Gonzalo Esteban. "Conservation Voltage Reduction of Active Distribution Systems with Networked Microgrids." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531861356445195.
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Urquhart, Andrew J. "Accuracy of low voltage electricity distribution network modelling." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21799.
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The connection of high penetrations of new low carbon technologies such as PV and electric vehicles onto the distribution network is expected to cause power quality problems and the thermal capacity of feeder cables may be exceeded. Replacement of existing infrastructure is costly and so feeder cables are likely to be operated close to their hosting capacity. Network operators therefore require accurate simulation models so that new connection requests are not unnecessarily constrained. This work has reviewed recent studies and found a wide range of assumptions and approximations that are used in network models. A number of these have been investigated further, focussing on methods to specify the impedances of the cable, the impacts of harmonics, the time resolution used to model demand and generation, and assumptions regarding the connectivity of the neutral and ground conductors. The calculation of cable impedances is key to the accuracy of network models but only limited data is available from design standards or manufacturers. Several techniques have been compared in this work to provide guidance on the level of detail that should be included in the impedance model. Network modelling results with accurate impedances are shown to differ from those using published data. The demand data time resolution has been shown to affect estimates of copper losses in network cables. Using analytical methods and simulations, the relationship between errors in the loss estimates and the time resolution has been demonstrated and a method proposed such that the accuracy of loss estimates can be improved. For networks with grounded neutral conductors, accurate modelling requires the resistance of grounding electrodes to be taken into account. Existing methods either make approximations to the equivalent circuit or suffer from convergence problems. A new method has been proposed which resolves these difficulties and allows realistic scenarios with both grounded and ungrounded nodes to be modelled. In addition to the development of models, the voltages and currents in a section of LV feeder cable have been measured. The results provide a validation of the impedance calculations and also highlight practical difficulties associated with comparing simulation models with real measurement results.
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Keles, Gultekin. "Water Distribution Network Design By Partial Enumeration." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606816/index.pdf.
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Water distribution networks are being designed by traditional methods based on rules-of-thumb and personal experience of the designer. However, since there is no unique solution to any network design, namely there are various combinations of
pipes, pumps, tanks all of which satisfy the same pressure and velocity restrictions, it is most probable that the design performed by traditional techniques is not the optimum one.
This study deals how an optimization technique can be a useful tool for a designer during the design to find a solution. The method used within the study is the partial enumeration technique developed by Gessler. The technique is applied by a
commercially available software, i.e. WADISO SA. The study is focused on discrepancies between a network designed by traditional techniques and the same network designed by partial enumeration method. Attention is given to steps of enumeration, which are basically grouping of pipes, candidate pipe size and price function assignments, to demonstrate that the designers can control all the phases of optimization process. In this respect, special attention is given to price functions to show the effect of them on the result. The study also revealed that the cost of fitting materials cannot be included in the price function although it may have significant
effect in a system composed of closely located junctions.
The results obtained from this study are useful to show that although optimization methods do not provide a definite solutionpartial enumeration method can assist designers to select the optimum system combination.
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Burrell, Tina R. "An alternating direction search algorithm for low dimensional optimization : an application to power flow /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12162009-020216/.
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Chandrasekaran, Sriram. "Subsystem Design in Aircraft Power Distribution Systems using Optimization." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28108.
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The research reported in this dissertation focuses on the development of optimization tools for the design of subsystems in a modern aircraft power distribution system. The baseline power distribution system is built around a 270V DC bus. One of the distinguishing features of this power distribution system is the presence of regenerative power from the electrically driven flight control actuators and structurally integrated smart actuators back to the DC bus. The key electrical components of the power distribution system are bidirectional switching power converters, which convert, control and condition electrical power between the sources and the loads. The dissertation is divided into three parts.
Part I deals with the formulation of an optimization problem for a sample system consisting of a regulated DC-DC buck converter preceded by an input filter. The individual subsystems are optimized first followed by the integrated optimization of the sample system. It is shown that the integrated optimization provides better results than that obtained by integrating the individually optimized systems.
Part II presents a detailed study of piezoelectric actuators. This study includes modeling, optimization of the drive amplifier and the development of a current control law for piezoelectric actuators coupled to a simple mechanical structure.
Linear and nonlinear methods to study subsystem interaction and stability are studied in Part III. A multivariable impedance ratio criterion applicable to three phase systems is proposed. Bifurcation methods are used to obtain global stability characteristics of interconnected systems. The application of a nonlinear design methodology, widely used in power systems, to incrementally improve the robustness of a system to Hopf bifurcation instability is discussed.Ph. D.
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Lindström, Anton. "Design and implementation of a power distribution network for control equipment for electric vehicle charging." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137674.
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This thesis treats the design and implementation of a power distribution network for a controller PCB for controlling charging of electric vehicles. The controller PCB is powered by mains power, and thus needs both AC to DC conversion and DC to DC conversion in order to operate. The thesis focuses on the design of an isolated flyback topology AC to DC converter, while also describing the design and implementation of the DC to DC converters needed for the controller PCB to operate. The work started with some theoretical study, and then progressed into designing the converters. The AC to DC and the DC to DC converters where designed in parallel. After the design phase was complete the converters where implemented on PCBs for evaluation. The evaluation of the AC to DC converter involved evaluation of several different transformers from different suppliers, as well as evaluation of the circuit design itself. All converters designed proved functional after evaluation.
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Mangili, Michele. "Efficient in-network content distribution : wireless resource sharing, network planning, and security." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS182/document.
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Au cours de ces dernières années, la quantité de trafic que les utilisateurs Internet produisent sur une base quotidienne a augmenté de façon exponentielle, principalement en raison du succès des services de streaming vidéo, tels que Netflix et YouTube. Alors que les réseaux de diffusion de contenu (Content-Delivery Networks, CDN) sont la technique standard utilisée actuellement pour servir les demandes des utilisateurs, la communauté scientifique a formulé des propositions connues sous le nom de Content-Centric Networks (CCN) pour changer la pile de protocoles réseau afin de transformer Internet en une infrastructure de distribution de contenu. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse de doctorat étudie des techniques efficaces pour la distribution de contenu numérique en tenant compte de trois problèmes complémentaires : 1) Nous considérons le scénario d’un réseau hétérogène sans fil, et nous formulons un mécanisme pour motiver les propriétaires des points d’accès à partager leur capacité WiFi et stockage cache inutilisés, en échange d’une contribution économique.2) Nous étudions le problème centralisé de planification du réseau en présence de caches distribuées et (I) nous analysons la migration optimale du réseau à CCN; (II) nous comparons les bornes de performance d’un réseau CDN avec ceux d’un CCN, et (III) nous considérons un réseau CDN virtualisé et étudions le problème stochastique de planification d’une telle infrastructure.3) Nous considérons les implications de sécurité sur le contrôle d’accès et la traçabilité, et nous formulons ConfTrack-CCN, une extension deCCN utilisée pour garantir la confidentialité, traçabilité et l’évolution de la politique d’accès, en présence de caches distribuéesIn recent years, the amount of traffic requests that Internet users generate on a daily basis has increased exponentially, mostly due to the worldwide success of video streaming services, such as Netflix and YouTube. While Content-Delivery Networks (CDNs) are the de-facto standard used nowadays to serve the ever increasing users’ demands, the scientific community has formulated proposals known under the name of Content-Centric Networks (CCN) to change the network protocol stack in order to turn the network into a content distribution infrastructure. In this context this Ph.D. thesis studies efficient techniques to foster content distribution taking into account three complementary problems:1) We consider the scenario of a wireless heterogeneous network, and we formulate a novel mechanism to motivate wireless access point owners to lease their unexploited bandwidth and cache storage, in exchange for an economic incentive.2) We study the centralized network planning problem and (I) we analyze the migration to CCN; (II) we compare the performance bounds for a CDN with those of a CCN, and (III) we take into account a virtualized CDN and study the stochastic planning problem for one such architecture.3) We investigate the security properties on access control and trackability and formulate ConfTrack-CCN: a CCN extension to enforce confidentiality, trackability and access policy evolution in the presence of distributed caches
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Blengini, Neto Adolfo. "Ambiente multim?todos para otimiza??o de opera??es em sistemas de distribui??o de energia el?trica generalizados." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2017. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/926.
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Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas
This study proposes the development of an environment for optimization of the operations of electrical distribution systems. The environment is proposed for the modern electrical distribution networks considering the possibility of inclusion of distributed generation and mesh topology. The environment is divided into three modules. The first module consists of standardizing the input and organization data of the network in memory using techniques of object-oriented software engineering. This approach simplifies the processes of nodal analysis of the circuits, improves the performance of the solution and allows reusing the objects and operations in other implementations. The second module is responsible for analyzing and represents network characteristics: topology, load model and distributed generation points. The third consists of the BFS, FW and OCF methods to perform the current flow calculation and allows the user to choose the desired algorithm, being able to present the currents and voltages in each iteration. The choice of different methods in the optimization environment allows the use of the most adherent method to the different network topologies, the types of load, the flexibility in the use of capacity constraints of the elements of the network and the inclusion of generation limits and voltage limits. In order to verify the adhesion and the efficiency of the environment, simulations were carried out on balanced three-phase circuits of primary distribution of 11, 33 and 400 buses with different load models, radial or mesh topology, with and without distributed generation.
Esta pesquisa prop?e-se ao desenvolvimento de um ambiente para otimiza??o da opera??o de sistemas de distribui??o de energia. O ambiente ? aderente ?s modernas redes de distribui??o de energia por considerar a possibilidade de inclus?o de gera??o distribu?da e topologia em malha. O ambiente est? dividido em tr?s m?dulos. O primeiro m?dulo consiste na padroniza??o dos dados de entrada e organiza??o da rede em mem?ria no formato de grafo utilizando t?cnicas de engenharia de software orientada a objetos. Este enfoque simplifica os processos de an?lises nodais dos circuitos, melhora o desempenho da solu??o e permite reaproveitar os objetos e opera??es em outras implementa??es. O segundo m?dulo ? respons?vel pela an?lise e representa??o das caracter?sticas da rede: topologia, modelo de cargas e pontos de gera??o distribu?da. O terceiro consiste dos m?todos BFS, FW e OCF para a execu??o do c?lculo do fluxo de corrente e d? a op??o ao usu?rio de escolha do enfoque desejado, podendo apresentar as correntes e tens?es em cada itera??o. A op??o de escolha de diferentes m?todos no ambiente de otimiza??o possibilita o uso do m?todo mais aderentes ?s diferentes topologias de rede, aos tipos modelos de carga, a flexibilidade no uso de restri??es de capacidade dos elementos da rede e a inclus?o de limites de gera??o e limites de tens?o. Com a finalidade de comprovar a ader?ncia e efici?ncia do ambiente foram realizadas simula??es em circuitos trif?sicos equilibrados de distribui??o prim?ria com 11, 33 e 400 barras com modelos de carga constante, topologia radial, anel, com e sem gera??o distribu?da.
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Graybeal, Dale Kevin. "Evaluation of water distribution system monitoring using a combined simulation-optimization approach." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-01312009-063527/.
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Koker, Ezgi. "Chance Constrained Optimization Of Booster Disinfection In Water Distribution Networks." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613640/index.pdf.
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Quality of municipal water is sustained by addition of disinfectant, generally chlorine, to the water distribution network. Because of health problems, chlorine concentration in the network is limited between maximum and minimum limits. Cancerogenic disinfectant by-products start to occur at high concentrations so it is desired to have minimum amount of chlorine without violating the limit. In addition to the health issues, minimum injection amount is favorable concerning cost. Hence, an optimization model is necessary which covers all of these considerations. However, there are uncertain factors as chlorine is reactive and decays both over time and space. Thus, probabilistic approach is necessary to obtain reliable and realistic results from the model. In this study, a linear programming model is developed for the chance constrained optimization of the water distribution network. The objective is to obtain minimum amount of injection mass subjected to maintaining more uniformly distributed chlorine concentrations within the limits while considering the randomness of chlorine concentration by probability distributions. Network hydraulics and chlorine concentration computations are done by the network simulation software, EPANET.
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Brayman, Vladimir. "Hierarchical distributed algorithm for optimization of flows and prices in logistics distribution networks /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5876.
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Galymov, Birzhan. "Distribution Network Reconfiguration For Loss Reduction By Multi-branch Exchange Method." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614663/index.pdf.
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As structure and size of electric power distribution systems are getting more complex, distribution automation schemes become more attractive. One of the features that is desirable in an automated system is feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction. Loss reduction can make considerable savings for a utility and results in released system capacity. There is also improved voltage regulation in the system as a result of reduced feeder voltage drop.
In this thesis, multi branch exchange algorithm is introduced to solve the network reconfiguration for loss reduction problem. The proposed technique is based on heuristic techniques applied to constraint satisfaction optimization problems. A critical review of earlier methods related with feeder reconfiguration is presented. A computer program was developed using Matlab to simulate this algorithm and results of simulations demonstrate its advantages over single branch exchange method. Moreover, the results show that the final configuration is independent of the initial configuration and give assurance that any solution offered will have a radial configuration with all loads connected.
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Bauknecht, Dirk. "Transforming the Grid : electricity system governance and network integration of distributed generation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7443/.
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The thesis analyses how the standard model of liberalised electricity markets that was developed to increase the efficiency of electricity supply can deal with new objectives. While the liberalisation literature argues that additional objectives can be incorporated in the market framework through price signals, a large body of literature based on evolutionary economics argues that innovation and systemic transformation require governance mechanisms that complement the price mechanism of the market to overcome the lock-in of the existing system and coordinate innovation processes. The thesis focuses on the integration of distributed generation (DG) into electricity networks. In the standard model the governance of networks is mainly based on incentive regulation by independent regulators. Thus, the main question is how DG can be integrated into this regime and whether and how it needs to evolve. The research question is broken down according to both different governance issues (connection, integration, innovation, transformation) and different governance levels on which they can be addressed. This is analysed from two angles: Firstly, there is a mainly theoretical discussion of network regulation. Various approaches to amending the standard model are discussed. Secondly, this is complemented by country case studies of the UK and Denmark. The conceptual analysis shows how incentive regulation can accommodate the efficient integration of DG as an additional objective. There is also scope for this model to incorporate governance mechanisms that are geared towards infrastructure transformation. The UK case study shows the practical implementation of this approach and corresponding difficulties. As for Denmark – a DG and network transformation pioneer – the standard model plays a marginal role and economic issues are mainly dealt with outside regulation. The same is true for mechanisms beyond economic incentives. The thesis shows the potential of the standard model to pursue new objectives as well as the need to broaden the scope beyond governance based on economic incentives.
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Akdogan, Tevfik. "Design Of Water Distribution System By Optimization Using Reliability Considerations." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606082/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
DESIGN OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BY OPTIMIZATION USING RELIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS
Akdogan, Tevfik
Department of Civil Engineering
Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nuri Merzi
April 2005, 91 pages
In spite of a wide research, design of water distribution networks are not realized using optimization techniques. One reason for this fact is, design of water distribution networks is evaluated, mostly, as a least-cost optimization problem where pipe diameters being the only decision variables. The other motivation for preferring the traditional modeling practice is that, existing optimization algorithms are not presented to the user as friendly as it should be.
In fact, water distribution systems are very complex systems such that it is not easy to obtain least-cost design systems considering other constraints such as reliability, in addition to classical constraints related to hydraulic feasibility, satisfaction of nodal demands and requirement of nodal pressures. This study presents a user-friendly package concerning the design of water distribution networks by optimization using reliability considerationsthis works employs the algorithm proposed by Goulter and Coals (1986). At the end, a skeletonized network design is offered
various costs are estimated in regard to the degree of reliability.
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Mello, Igoor Morro. "Fast charging stations placement and electric network connection methodology for electric taxis in urban zones." Ilha Solteira, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/155892.
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Orientador: Antonio Padilha FeltrinAbstract: In recent years, the use of electric vehicles in urban zones has been intensified. As a policy of increasing the penetration of electric vehicles and reducing air pollution, electric taxis have been introduced into transportation systems. They need special attention because of its different driving patterns. In contrast to private electric vehicles, which can be recharged for a long period, electric taxis need to recharge only for a short time due to their constant operation. Therefore, fast charging stations are required to meet the demand for recharging electric taxis and should be located at strategic places. In addition, an analysis must be performed to connect these stations in the electric network. To improve their allocation and connectivity, this work presents a methodology to help in decision making for installing fast charging stations, considering as criteria: locations with greater flow of electric taxis and low level of state of charge, the available physical space to carry out their recharge and cost functions for the connection of charging stations. The result of the proposal is a map with the location of fast charging stations and analysis of the lowest cost places for connection to the network. The methodology is tested in a medium-sized city in Brazil, showing the importance of this map and cost functions in decision making. The proposal is compared with another methodology, showing that the proposed method considers different criteria and creates a better s... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo: Nos últimos anos, o uso dos veículos elétricos nas zonas urbanas tem se intensificado. Como política para o aumento na penetração de veículos elétricos e reduzir a poluição do ar, os táxis elétricos vem sendo introduzidos nos sistemas de transporte. Eles necessitam de atenção especial devido aos seus diferentes padrões de condução. Em contraste com os veículos elétricos privados, que podem ser recarregados por um longo período, táxis elétricos necessitam de recarga em um curto período de tempo devido a sua constante operação. Portanto, estações de recarga rápida são necessárias para receber a demanda de recarga dos táxis elétricos e devem estar localizadas em locais estratégicos. Além disso, uma análise deve ser realizada para a conexão destas estações com a rede elétrica. Para melhorar sua alocação e conectividade, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para auxiliar na tomada de decisão da instalação de estações de recarga rápida considerando como critérios: locais com maior fluxo de táxis elétricos e baixo nível de carga nas baterias, espaço físico disponível para realizar o carregamento e funções de custo para a conexão das estações de recarga. Os resultados da proposta são mapas com a localização das estações de recarga rápida e análise dos locais de menor custo para a conexão com a rede elétrica. A metodologia é testada em uma cidade de médio porte no Brasil, mostrando a importância dos mapas e funções de custo na tomada de decisão. A proposta é comparada com outras me... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
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Bullene, Rachel. "A Case Study of Network Design for Middle East Water Distribution." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2260.
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The Middle Eastern region encompassing Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Territories (West Bank and Gaza) is an arid region with fast growing populations. Adequate and equitable access to water for all the people of the region is crucial to the future of Middle East peace. However, the current water distribution system not only fails to provide an adequate and equitable allocation of water, but also results adverse impacts on the environment. This project involves building a mathematical model to aid decision-makers in designing an optimal water distribution network. A new method for incorporating uncertainty in optimization that is based on Bayesian simulation of posterior predictive distributions is used to represent uncertainty in demands and costs. The output of the model is a most-probable least-cost modication to the existing water distribution infrastructure. Additionally, the model output includes the probability that a network component (new desalination plant, new pipe, new canal) is part of a least-cost installation.