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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric energy sector'
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1
Bastos, C. M. "Electric Energy Sector in Argentina." IEEE Power Engineering Review 14, no. 6 (1994): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1994.286538.
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Kim, Hugon, Chunhyun Paik, Yongjoo Chung, and Younghwan Ahn. "A Study on Constructing Bottom-up Model for Electric Sector." Journal of Energy Engineering 25, no. 3 (2016): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2016.25.3.114.
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Franco, Camila, Samuel Façanha Câmara, and Ronaldo Couto Parente. "Technological coevolution in the electric energy sector." RAUSP Management Journal 53, no. 2 (2018): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rausp.2017.02.001.
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Panda, Sujit Kumar, Alok Kumar Jagadev, and Sachi Nandan Mohanty. "Forecasting Methods in Electric Power Sector." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 7, no. 1 (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2018010101.
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Electric power plays a vibrant role in economic growth and development of a region. There is a strong co-relation between the human development index and per capita electricity consumption. Providing adequate energy of desired quality in various forms in a sustainable manner and at a competitive price is one of the biggest challenges. To meet the fast-growing electric power demand, on a sustained basis, meticulous power system planning is required. This planning needs electrical load forecasting as it provides the primary inputs and enables financial analysis. Accurate electric load forecasts are helpful in formulating load management strategies in view of different emerging economic scenarios, which can be dovetailed with the development plan of the region. The objective of this article is to understand various long term electrical load forecasting techniques, to assess its applicability; and usefulness for long term electrical load forecasting for an isolated remote region, under different growth scenarios considering demand side management, price and income effect.
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Smolentsev, N. I., and L. M. Chetoshnikova. "Electric network topology and method of transmission of electric energy." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 4 (2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-4-95-103.
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The purpose of the work is to reduce losses and increase energy saving in electric networks. To achieve this goal, a multilevel topology of the electrical network and an asynchronous method for transferring electrical energy between nodes including a load, energy sources, energy storage devices connected in an appropriate manner are proposed. It is shown by the mathematical method that this network topology allows using energy storage devices controlled appropriately and using tele-information technologies to optimize the balance of electric energy in the network, achieving equality of the generated and consumed electricity. Such a network topology and a method of transmitting electrical energy can be the basis of digital technologies in the energy sector (ENERNET).
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Gromov, V. V. "Antimonopoly Compliance in the Energy Sector." Russian competition law and economy, no. 1 (August 20, 2021): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47361/2542-0259-2021-1-25-82-87.
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The purpose of the article is to identify and clarify the main features of the functioning and implementation of the antimonopoly compliance system at electric power enterprises. The main idea of the article is to use various methods (analysis, induction, etc.) to conduct a study of changes in domestic legislation that relate to the legislative consolidation of the antimonopoly compliance system. Based on statistical data and data from scientific sources, we can identify the main areas of activity of energy companies, where violations of antitrust legislation are most common, which will be identified and prevented by the antitrust compliance system. The scientific novelty of this article is confirmed by the almost absent publications of other authors, which study the effectiveness of the antimonopoly compliance system in the field of electric power industry. The author comes to the conclusion that the antitrust compliance system is an effective mechanism that allows identifying antitrust risks both inside the company and outside it. An increase in the number of companies that have antitrust compliance services will reduce the number of illegal violations by unscrupulous market participants, while these circumstances affect not only the electric power industry, but also other areas of the Russian economy. According to the author, the implementation of antitrust compliance will help to: l) reduce the number of offences committed by companies; 2) to prevent the actions of employees, which may in its work, to violate the antitrust laws; 3) to reduce the number of anti-competitive actions. Availability of antitrust compliance within the company promotes as corporate ethics, and the adoption by the staff of the values of the organization.
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Ueda, Kiyotaka, and Tohru Nakatsuka. "Trend in Technology of Superconductivity in Electric Energy Sector." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 122, no. 11 (2002): 1140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.122.11_1140.
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Mantorski, Zbigniew. "Polish electric energy sector just before accessing European Union." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 6, no. 1/2 (2006): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeim.2006.008206.
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Dranka, Géremi Gilson, and Paula Ferreira. "Electric Vehicles and Biofuels Synergies in the Brazilian Energy System." Energies 13, no. 17 (2020): 4423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174423.
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Shaping a secure and sustainable energy future may require a set of transformations in the global energy sector. Although several studies have recognized the importance of Electric Vehicles (EVs) for power systems, no large-scale studies have been performed to assess the impact of this technology in energy systems combining a diverse set of renewable energies for electricity production and biofuels in the transportation sector such as the case of Brazil. This research makes several noteworthy contributions to the current literature, including not only the evaluation of the main impacts of EVs’ penetration in a renewable electricity system but also a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) that estimates the overall level of CO2 emissions resulted from the EVs integration. Findings of this study indicated a clear positive effect of increasing the share of EVs on reducing the overall level of CO2 emissions. This is, however, highly dependent on the share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the power system and the use of biofuels in the transport sector but also on the credits resulting from the battery recycling materials credit and battery reuse credit. Our conclusions underline the importance of such studies in providing support for the governmental discussions regarding potential synergies in the use of bioresources between transport and electricity sectors.
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Rosa, Marlison Noronha, Yan Machado Sousa, Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro Hora, Katia Kopp, and Getulio Antero de Deus Junior. "Environmental Education and Energy Efficiency as Strategies for Reducing Energy Consumption in Public School Building in Goiânia." International Journal on Alive Engineering Education 6 (April 2, 2019): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ijaeedu.v6.54740.
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Electrical energy is essential for the quality of life of people, who use it in different socioeconomic activities and for technological development. In view of the gradual increase in the demand for electricity and the future possibility of not serving all the consumer sectors, it is necessary to optimize it. The objective of this study was the application of strategies based on the pillars of energy efficiency and environmental education in order to minimize the expenditure of electric energy in public buildings, which were selected for this project due to the fact that, its users show a lack of concern about the correct consumption of electric energy since the expenses are tied to the public coffers and are not always perceived by the people as resources coming from the taxes paid by the citizens. Among the public buildings that consume the most electric energy, the most important are those in the education sector. In fact, a larger project called the Energy Efficiency Project in Public Buildings in Goiânia (PEEEPG), to which this work is linked, found that among the municipal public buildings, the education sector is responsible for approximately 30% of the electricity consumption and, therefore, this specific sector was selected for the application of the selected strategies. The methodology used was based on research-participant, environmental education together with replacement of lamps by LED system (Light Emitting Diode) at strategic locations in the building and monitoring of results. The actions carried out included the lamp replacement, and educational lectures offered to students of different age groups in three school shifts with a partnership of employees and teachers of the municipal school selected on energy efficiency and strategies to reduce the consumption of electricity. The project mobilized directly about 200 people belonging to the target audience and indirectly 800 students who were part of the teaching unit. It was collected a data base among 2012 to 2016. The methods of data collection and analysis were based on documentary research, analyzing the electric energy bills of the building, as well as documents and legislation of the municipality itself on the consumption of electric power and the architecture model applied to school environments in Goiânia. The results obtained, after a monitoring period of six months (November to April) during the years 2016 and 2017, indicated an analyze to reduction of 16% of the consumption of electric energy in the building, compared to the same period in the previous year. Therefore, this result regard to the possibility of investments in energy efficiency projects for public buildings, subsidizing actions in the design, retrofit and maintenance of public buildings.
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Grabchak, E. P., E. L. Loginov, and A. K. Derkach. "RESTRUCTURING OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC AND THERMAL POWER ASSETS WITH THE USE OF INTELLIGENT CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 3(28) (December 25, 2019): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2019-3-95-99.
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The purpose of the article is to consider the problems of investment stimulation of economic growth in Russia during the implementation of the digitalization project for the management of electric and heat power assets using intelligent cyberphysical systems. The subject of the study isthe organizational and informational aspects of improving the management of the electric and heat energy sectors in the Russian energy sector. The necessity of “pushing” the Russian economy out of the crisis cycle due to investment stimulation of economic growth is substantiated. The electric and heat energy sector in the Russian energy sector has been proposed as a sectoral driver of eco-nomic growth and investment applications, since it is in this sector that competitive conditions for most Russian businesses are formed, which are energy-dependent and often energy-intensive. The main directions of digital restructuring of the entire system for managing electric and heat power assets are formulated. The basic principles of risk-based management based on intelligent cyber-physical systems are developed. The result is an automated control of each ruble along the chain of technological operations during operation and maintenance, which will ensure the receipt of investments from internal sources for the purpose of modernization.The article is aimed at managers and specialists of government and corporate management bod-ies, and may also be useful for researchers, postgraduates and students.
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Badea, Gheorghe, Raluca-Andreea Felseghi, Mihai Varlam, et al. "Design and Simulation of Romanian Solar Energy Charging Station for Electric Vehicles." Energies 12, no. 1 (2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010074.
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Since mid 2010, petrol consumption in the transport sector has increased at a higher rate than in other sectors. The transport sector generates 35% of the total CO2 emissions. In this context, strategies have been adopted to use clean energy, with electromobility being the main directive. This paper examines the possibility of charging electric vehicle batteries with clean energy using solar autochthonous renewable resources. An isolated system was designed, dimensioned, and simulated in operation for a charging station for electric vehicles with photovoltaic panels and batteries as their main components. The optimal configuration of the photovoltaic system was complete with improved Hybrid Optimization by Genetic Algorithms (iHOGA) software version 2.4 and we simulated its operation. The solar energy system has to be designed to ensure that the charging station always has enough electricity to supply several electric vehicles throughout all 24 h of the day. The main results were related to the energy, environmental, and economic performance achieved by the system during one year of operation.
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Li, Ying, Yue Xia, Yang-Che Wu, and Wing-Keung Wong. "The Sustainability of Energy Substitution in the Chinese Electric Power Sector." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (2020): 5463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135463.
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The Chinese electric power industry, including its coal industry and other energy industries that are not efficient, contributes to China’s serious energy shortages and environmental contamination. The governing authority considers energy conservation to be one of the most prominent national targets, and has formulated various plans for decarbonizing the power system. Applying the trans-log cost function, this paper examined the trans-log cost function to analyze the potential inter-factor substitution among energy, capital and labor. We also investigated what role human capital played in energy substitution for the electric power sector during the period from 1981 to 2017. Three key results were derived: (1) energy is price-insensitive, (2) there exists large substitution sustainability between both capital and labor with energy, and (3) human capital input not only enhances the extent of energy substitutability with capital and labor but also is a substitute to energy itself. These findings imply that the liberalization of the electric price mechanism is conducive to lessening energy use and augmenting non-energy intensiveness, and that energy conservation technology could become more sustainable by investing more capital in the electricity sector, thereby achieving a capital–energy substitution and a decrease of CO2 emissions. We further suggest that the priority for the Chinese electric power industry should be to attach more importance to increasing human capital input.
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Sierra, Gabriel Sanchez. "Latin American Electric Power Developments and Hydrocarbon Demands." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 13, no. 5 (1995): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879501300506.
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Latin American countries must address issues such as financing, management (business, technical, environmental) and low-income sectors to promote the structural changes required in energy supply and demand to optimise efficient use. Private sector participation is not only a matter of ownership but raising the level of efficiency. The state's role will be to ensure stability, confidence and environmental safeguards.
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Alnatheer, Othman. "Environmental benefits of energy efficiency and renewable energy in Saudi Arabia's electric sector." Energy Policy 34, no. 1 (2006): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2003.12.004.
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Purnama, Rahmad, Ahmad Agus Setiawan, and Suhanan Suhanan. "PERKIRAAN KONSUMSI ENERGI LISTRIK 2013 HINGGA 2030 ACEH TAMIANG." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 7, no. 2 (2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v7i2.152.
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Aceh Tamiang is the province o f Aceh. The use of electrical energy is still not resolved in this case because of the lack of appropriate policies that can be taken because there is still no research how the amount of electrical energy consumption in Aceh Tamiang. the research method used is a model based approach to End Use of data population and households, the data GDP at constant prices, and consumption of electrical energy. All data is sourced from related agencies such as Bappeda Aceh Tamiang Data PLN Kuala Simpang branch. Forecasting electric energy consumption in Aceh on five sectors is the year 2013 was 48.8 GWh, while, in 2030 total energy consumption reached 76.5 GWh, this is an increase of 63.7 percent. The household sector accounted for the largest increase in consumption compared with other sectors for each year.
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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "PRAKIRAAN KEBUTUHAN ENERGI LISTRIK WILAYAH JAWA-BALI TAHUN 2017-2036 DENGAN GABUNGAN METODE ANALITIS, EKONOMETRI, DAN KECENDERUNGAN." Energi & Kelistrikan 9, no. 2 (2018): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/energi.v9i2.45.
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Electricity is one of the energy required because it can be converted into other energy forms and easier in terms of distribution. Along with the growth of population and economic growth are rising rapidly, demand of power also increases. Therefore, it needs distribution of electric power supply, in terms of technical and economic.In Indonesia, the use of electrical energy per capita is still low compared with the use of electrical energy per capita in other countries. Therefore, it needs to increase the use of electrical energy in order to approach the electrical energy per capita that is ideal with equitable distribution of electrical energy supply. In this study, the growth of electricity demand forecasts using the combined method consisting of analytical methods, econometrics and trends on sectoral approaches. From the results of electricity demand forecasts, from 2017 until 2036 electricity demand will increased 6,4% each year which dominated by household sector in 38,49%, industrial sector 36,62%, commercial sector 19,35%, and public sector 5,54%.To fulfillment the growth in electricity demand, it is necessary to supply additional power.
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Losekann, Luciano. "The second reform of the Brazilian electric sector." International Journal of Global Energy Issues 29, no. 1/2 (2008): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgei.2008.016342.
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Nagano, Naoya, Rémi Delage, and Toshihiko Nakata. "Optimal Design and Analysis of Sector-Coupled Energy System in Northeast Japan." Energies 14, no. 10 (2021): 2823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102823.
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As for research on sector-coupled energy systems, few studies comprehensively deal with energy carriers and energy demand sectors. Moreover, few studies have analyzed energy conversion functions such as Power-to-Gas, Power-to-Heat, and Vehicle-to-Grid on the energy system performance. This study clarifies the required renewable resources and costs in the sector-coupled energy system and cost-optimal installed capacity and operation. We formulated an optimization model considering sector coupling and conducted a case study applying the model in the Tohoku region. As a result, due to sector coupling, the total primary energy supply (TPES) is expected to decrease, and system costs are expected to increase from 1.8 to 2.4 times the current level. System costs were minimized when maximizing the use of V2G by electric vehicles and district heating systems (DHS). From the hourly analysis, it becomes clear that the peak cut effect by Power-to-Heat and the peak shift effect by Vehicle-to-Grid result in leveling the output of electrolyzer and fuel synthesizer, which improves the capacity factor reducing capacity addition. Since a large amount of renewable energy is required to realize the designed energy system, it is necessary to reduce the energy demand mainly in the industrial sector. Besides, in order to reduce costs, it is required to utilize electric vehicles by V2G and provide policy support for district heating systems in Japan.
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Saunders, Robert J., and Karl Jechoutek. "The electric power sector in developing countries." Energy Policy 13, no. 4 (1985): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(85)90024-2.
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Abdallah, Lamiaa, and Tarek El-Shennawy. "Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity Sector Using Smart Electric Grid Applications." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/845051.
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Approximately 40% of global CO2emissions are emitted from electricity generation through the combustion of fossil fuels to generate heat needed to power steam turbines. Burning these fuels results in the production of carbon dioxide (CO2)—the primary heat-trapping, “greenhouse gas” responsible for global warming. Applying smart electric grid technologies can potentially reduce CO2emissions. Electric grid comprises three major sectors: generation, transmission and distribution grid, and consumption. Smart generation includes the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, or hydropower). Smart transmission and distribution relies on optimizing the existing assets of overhead transmission lines, underground cables, transformers, and substations such that minimum generating capacities are required in the future. Smart consumption will depend on the use of more efficient equipment like energy-saving lighting lamps, enabling smart homes and hybrid plug-in electric vehicles technologies. A special interest is given to the Egyptian case study. Main opportunities for Egypt include generating electricity from wind and solar energy sources and its geographical location that makes it a perfect center for interconnecting electrical systems from the Nile basin, North Africa, Gulf, and Europe. Challenges include shortage of investments, absence of political will, aging of transmission and distribution infrastructure, and lack of consumer awareness for power utilization.
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Hernandez, Jose Antonio, and Camilo Koch. "An Assessment of Energy Consumption and Price Responsiveness: Evidence from Dominican Republic." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 1, no. 6 (2015): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.16.1007.
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Electricity has a high impact in the activities and sectors of any economy. A considerable amount of studies relates the importance of electricity to economic growth of nations. Dominican Republic, though, has been in a process of energy reform, has not yet developed a stable electric delivering. This study is firstly conducted to ensure an overview of the electricity sector of Dominican Republic, describing the energy mix, national electricity situation, and main concerns on the sector reform that have been in process including other Latin American countries. Secondly, the paper aims to determine the elasticity of demand on energy generation sector through log linear regression method; analyzing the variation of price and quantity of demand interaction. Related researches concerning elasticity of demand in other countries such as Australia, Israel, China and United States, shows close similarity to our result, where elasticity tends to be inelastic (0.57) but not perfectly inelastic to variation on price. While the energy market structures by sectors may be complex, customers’ response to pricing signals can promote efficient investment in the long-run term, help mitigate short-run market power by generators and transmission owners, reduce price spikes, low price volatility, and consequently support price mechanism.
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Małek, Arkadiusz, Jacek Caban, and Łukasz Wojciechowski. "Charging electric cars as a way to increase the use of energy produced from RES." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0009.
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AbstractThe article contains an analysis of charging electric cars as a way to increase the use of energy produced from a photovoltaic system. A photovoltaic system is described, consisting of two micro installations, with a power output of up to 40 kWp each, supplying two sectors of the building of the Lublin Science and Technology Park. An internet platform for monitoring the operation of a photovoltaic system is presented. Next, an innovative system for monitoring, consumption and production analysis of electric energy in individual building sectors is described. A surplus of energy produced in one of the sectors was found. It was proposed that this excess energy would be used to charge electric vehicles. An analysis of the surplus power generated by the photovoltaic system in excess of the energy consumed by the building sector was used to determine the power available to the wall charger. The surplus of energy produced was used for calculations related to the amount of charging the electric vehicle required and the cost of traveling 100 km. Charging an electric car not only provides a faster return on investment in the installation, but also presents drivers with a very ecological and economical transport solution.
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De Mergelina González-Santander, Pablo, and Isaac Lemus-Aguilar. "Current Innovation Sources Driving The Spanish Electric Power Sector." Ingeniería e Investigación 41, no. 3 (2021): e85377. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v41n3.85377.
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Renewable energy is not simply the cornerstone of a transition, but an entire electric power revolution. However, which are the technologies with which power companies are going to redesign the electricity industry? Interviews were conducted with innovation managers of the biggest power companies in Spain to shed some light on the innovation sources upon which the electric power system of the future is based. The results revealed that renewable electricity represents a complete paradigm shift. Until now, the system’s net electricity balance has been achieved by adjusting power generation to its demand. However, in a renewable system, electricity generation is limited by and depends on environmental resources, so it cannot be sufficiently controlled to meet the demand at all times. Therefore, it is the electricity consumption that must be adjusted to generation. It was concluded that there are currently nine innovation sources that are redesigning the industry: renewable energy, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, Industry 4.0, smart grids, blockchain, distributed and selfconsumption generation, smart client, and demand side response. Moreover, it was found that system regulations established by governments, business sustainability plans, and open innovation by startups play key roles in the development of innovation.
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Akatjev, Vladimir, Mikhail Tyurin, and Elena Borodina. "Improving energy efficiency in electric power generation, transmission, and consumption." Energy Safety and Energy Economy, 6 (December 2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18635/2071-2219-2020-6-8-17.
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This review incudes a detailed analysis of energy efficiency indicators applicable to the electric power sector in general. Major factors affecting energy efficiency in general and in the residential sector in particular have been found. Certain innovative monitoring and control solutions for residential electric power consumers have been considered for the purpose of creating energy efficient power consumption. Also, under the applications of a step rate system and other specific conditions, such as a limited capacity level, a technical solution providing reliability and efficiency of power consumption has been described.
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Khalili, Siavash, Eetu Rantanen, Dmitrii Bogdanov, and Christian Breyer. "Global Transportation Demand Development with Impacts on the Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Climate-Constrained World." Energies 12, no. 20 (2019): 3870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203870.
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The pivotal target of the Paris Agreement is to keep temperature rise well below 2 °C above the pre-industrial level and pursue efforts to limit temperature rise to 1.5 °C. To meet this target, all energy-consuming sectors, including the transport sector, need to be restructured. The transport sector accounted for 19% of the global final energy demand in 2015, of which the vast majority was supplied by fossil fuels (around 31,080 TWh). Fossil-fuel consumption leads to greenhouse gas emissions, which accounted for about 8260 MtCO2eq from the transport sector in 2015. This paper examines the transportation demand that can be expected and how alternative transportation technologies along with new sustainable energy sources can impact the energy demand and emissions trend in the transport sector until 2050. Battery-electric vehicles and fuel-cell electric vehicles are the two most promising technologies for the future on roads. Electric ships and airplanes for shorter distances and hydrogen-based synthetic fuels for longer distances may appear around 2030 onwards to reduce the emissions from the marine and aviation transport modes. The rail mode will remain the least energy-demanding, compared to other transport modes. An ambitious scenario for achieving zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 is applied, also demonstrating the very high relevance of direct and indirect electrification of the transport sector. Fossil-fuel demand can be reduced to zero by 2050; however, the electricity demand is projected to rise from 125 TWhel in 2015 to about 51,610 TWhel in 2050, substantially driven by indirect electricity demand for the production of synthetic fuels. While the transportation demand roughly triples from 2015 to 2050, substantial efficiency gains enable an almost stable final energy demand for the transport sector, as a consequence of broad electrification. The overall well-to-wheel efficiency in the transport sector increases from 26% in 2015 to 39% in 2050, resulting in a respective reduction of overall losses from primary energy to mechanical energy in vehicles. Power-to-fuels needed mainly for marine and aviation transport is not a significant burden for overall transport sector efficiency. The primary energy base of the transport sector switches in the next decades from fossil resources to renewable electricity, driven by higher efficiency and sustainability.
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Mahinay, C. L. S., M. Wada, and H. J. Ramos. "Feasibility of a 90° electric sector energy analyzer for low energy ion beam characterization." Review of Scientific Instruments 86, no. 2 (2015): 023306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4908307.
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Muhič, Simon, and Mladen Bošnjaković. "Transport emissions and electric mobility in private transport in the Republic of Slovenia." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 2 (2018): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180508162744.
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Since the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol more and more emphasis is laid on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The article analyses the feasibility of introducing electric vehicles into traffic rather than vehicles with internal combustion engines. From standpoint of emission sources use of electricity for transport is analysed with stress on private cars and typical emissions from power sector by energy conversion in Slovenia. Results of research shows that electric car has a little more than twice better efficiency of the primary energy use, taking into account only efficiency in the energy chain. Electric mobility brings a more efficient use of energy in road transport with demand to reduce emission at power generation. So presented number can vary greatly, depending on the electrical energy source. In the present research problems connected with immediate initiation of the electric cars are not analysed.
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Grackova, L., I. Oleinikova, and G. Klavs. "Charging of the Electric Vehicles in Private Sector: Technical and Economic Aspects." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 51, no. 6 (2014): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2014-0032.
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Abstract The economic aspect considered in the work is related to the charging of an electric vehicle (EV) at a single private house when this is done every day. To perform the relevant cost estimation it was necessary to determine: the average annual electricity consumption under the condition of everyday charging an EV and the average electricity consumption off the mains for covering a distance of 100 km by an EV and the time in hours for its charging. Comparison is made for the day-time intervals from which it is possible to choose the preferable for proper loading the electric line and the most beneficial for the consumer. Under analysis are two EV connection scenarios for 100 individual households from which 10%, 20% and 30% have EVs, with 8-h duration of each charging at the current of 13A. The authors consider the consumption and electric energy payment packages which - with planned opening of the electric energy market on January 1, 2015 - will offer the clients the enterprises rendering services on the electric energy sale.
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Hu, Yu-Chen, Yu-Hsiu Lin, and Harinahalli Lokesh Gururaj. "Partitional Clustering-Hybridized Neuro-Fuzzy Classification Evolved through Parallel Evolutionary Computing and Applied to Energy Decomposition for Demand-Side Management in a Smart Home." Processes 9, no. 9 (2021): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091539.
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The key advantage of smart meters over rotating-disc meters is their ability to transmit electric energy consumption data to power utilities’ remote data centers. Besides enabling the automated collection of consumers’ electric energy consumption data for billing purposes, data gathered by smart meters and analyzed through Artificial Intelligence (AI) make the realization of consumer-centric use cases possible. A smart meter installed in a domestic sector of an electrical grid and used for the realization of consumer-centric use cases is located at the entry point of a household/building’s electrical grid connection and can gather composite/circuit-level electric energy consumption data. However, it is not able to decompose its measured circuit-level electric energy consumption into appliance-level electric energy consumption. In this research, we present an AI model, a neuro-fuzzy classifier integrated with partitional clustering and metaheuristically optimized through parallel-computing-accelerated evolutionary computing, that performs energy decomposition on smart meter data in residential demand-side management, where a publicly available UK-DALE (UK Domestic Appliance-Level Electricity) dataset is used to experimentally test the presented model to classify the On/Off status of monitored electrical appliances. As shown in this research, the presented AI model is effective at providing energy decomposition for domestic consumers. Further, energy decomposition can be provided for industrial as well as commercial consumers.
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Ferreira, Aracéli C. S., André L. Bufoni, Jazmin F. de La Cueva, Vinícius M. Maia, Dilo Vianna, and uliana M. Queiroz. "Assessing the Brazilian Electric Sector’s Financial Monitoring Milestone." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 12, no. 2 (2021): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2021.12.2.692.
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The Brazilian energy sector adopted a new regulation system in 2015 due to a system collapse threat. The system was changed to contractually incorporate firms’ economic-financial monitoring. This paper aims to assess the progress of this monitoring model toward achieving its goals. Thus, we proceed with a triangulation with three analyses. First, we analyse the literature to indicate if the economic-financial monitoring shows a hybrid form of adoption as suggested by the literature as the most suitable towards achieving regulatory goals. Second, we verify the perception of the economic-financial monitoring efficiency by the regulatory agency. Third, we evaluate the behaviour of some financial indicators before and after the new regulation. Our results show that, first, the economic-financial monitoring adopts a hybrid form which may drives better monitoring. Second, the perception of the regulator regarding efficiency of the financial monitoring model is favourable. Third, our results show that the sector leverage and profitability variances were significantly reduced after the implementation of financial monitoring which indicates less Asymmetric Information and consequently, better monitoring. In general, our results indicate some uncertainty reduction and more uniform behaviour of the entire sector after adopting an economic-financial monitoring system.
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Anwar, Sadia, Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia, Muhammad Rashid, Gerardo Zarazua de Rubens, and Peter Enevoldsen. "Towards Ferry Electrification in the Maritime Sector." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246506.
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The electrification of vessels/ferries for green transformation requires onboard electrical energy storage as well as an energy supply network in the port area. In this context, a lot of efforts have been made in the last decade that have been reviewed in such a way that only a single aspect of the green transformation challenge is highlighted. Consequently, the objective of this research is to develop knowledge by examining the current state of affairs and provide, accordingly, abstract implementation guidelines for green transformation through vessel/ferry electrification. A comprehensive study on the electrification of vessels, in industry as well as in academia, is performed. Based on the data collected through a systematic study, a comparison of various pure electric and hybrid vessels in terms of certain performance attributes, such as battery capacity, passenger and cargo capacities, and size (length) of the vessel, is performed. Moreover, the distribution of vessels according to different countries and manufacturers is provided. Finally, certain technical, operational, and legislative challenges are explored.
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Lešnik, Luka, Breda Kegl, Eloísa Torres-Jiménez, and Fernando Cruz-Peragón. "Why we should invest further in the development of internal combustion engines for road applications." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 75 (2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2020051.
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The majority of on-road vehicles today are powered by internal combustion engines, which are, in most cases, burning petroleum-derived liquid fuels mixed with bio-components. The power to weight ratio of internal combustion engines combined with the high energy content of conventional fuels, which can be refilled easily in matter of minutes, makes them ideal for all kinds of road transportation. Since the introduction of EURO emissions norms, the emissions from the Transport sector in the European Union have undergone significant reduction. There are several alternatives to fossil fuels with similar properties, which can replace their usage in the Transport sector. The main focus of research in recent decades has been on biofuels, which can be produced from several sources. The production of biofuels is usually energy more intensive than production of fossil fuels, but their usage can contribute to emission reduction in the Transport sector. In recent years, a lot of effort was also put into promotion of electric vehicles as zero emissions vehicles. This statement should be reconsidered, since the greenhouse impact of electrical vehicles is not negligible. Conversely, in some cases, an electrical vehicle can have an even higher emission impact than modern vehicles with sophisticated internal combustion engines. This is characteristic for countries where the majority of the electricity is produced in coal power plants. With the decrease of greenhouse gas emissions in the Electricity Production sector, and with the increase of battery capacity, the role of electric vehicles in the Transport sector will probably increase. Despite significant research and financial investments in electric vehicles development, the transport sector in near future will be mostly powered by internal combustion engines and petroleum-derived liquid fuels. The amount of pollution from transport sector will be further regulated with stricter emission norms combined with smaller amount of alternative fuel usage.
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Patil, Sandip, and Ketan Dhande. "An effect of green energy utilization on Industrial development in India." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Decision Making 2, no. 1 (2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/jiedm200201031p.
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India is a developing country, with a population of about 1,387,297,452. India requires a lot of energy both for development and running all its systems smoothly. Most of the energy consumed in India is in electrical form. The electrical energy consumption of India is around 1,137.00 billion kWh of electric energy per year. When counted per person, this energy comes to an average of around 841 kWh. When looking at the tactical data given out by the Indian government, 80% of the total electrical energy is produced using fossil fuels, even though there is a lot of abundant availability of renewable energy here in India. This paper studies the various renewable energy sources currently utilized in various sectors in India. This paper looks at the effect of technical efficiency gains on energy use in industrial, agricultural, and other sectors in India, at varying levels of aggregation. This paper gives the present status of energy sources and utilization areas. Although around 80% of the average temperature zone is available in the Indian subcontinent, the electrical energy produced in India via solar energy is less than around 1.3% of total consumption. India currently produces 63.730 GW, which is very less when compared to the total energy required. Similarly, India produces 32 GW of electrical energy from the wind sector, which is very little compared to the total energy consumption.
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Blat Belmonte, Benjamin, Arved Esser, Steffi Weyand, Georg Franke, Liselotte Schebek, and Stephan Rinderknecht. "Identification of the Optimal Passenger Car Vehicle Fleet Transition for Mitigating the Cumulative Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions until 2050." Vehicles 2, no. 1 (2020): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles2010005.
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We present an optimization model for the passenger car vehicle fleet transition—the time-dependent fleet composition—in Germany until 2050. The goal was to minimize the cumulative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the vehicle fleet taking into account life-cycle assessment (LCA) data. LCAs provide information on the global warming potential (GWP) of different powertrain concepts. Meta-analyses of batteries, of different fuel types, and of the German energy sector are conducted to support the model. Furthermore, a sensitivity-analysis is performed on four key influence parameters: the battery production emissions trend, the German energy sector trend, the hydrogen production path trend, and the mobility sector trend. Overall, we draw the conclusion that—in any scenario—future vehicles should have a plug-in option, allowing their usage as fully or partly electrical vehicles. For short distance trips, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with a small battery size are the most reasonable choice throughout the transition. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) emerge as promising long-range capable solution. Starting in 2040, long-range capable BEVs and fuel cell plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (FCPHEVs) have similar life-cycle emissions as PHEV-CNG.
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Arens, Stefan, Sunke Schlüters, Benedikt Hanke, Karsten von Maydell, and Carsten Agert. "Sustainable Residential Energy Supply: A Literature Review-Based Morphological Analysis." Energies 13, no. 2 (2020): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020432.
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The decarbonization of the energy system will bring substantial changes, from supranational regions to residential sites. This review investigates sustainable energy supply, applying a multi-sectoral approach from a residential site perspective, especially with focus on identifying crucial, plausible factors and their influence on the operation of the system. The traditionally separated mobility, heat, and electricity sectors are examined in more detail with regard to their decarbonization approaches. For every sector, available technologies, demand, and future perspectives are described. Furthermore, the benefits of cross-sectoral integration and technology coupling are examined, besides challenges to the electricity grid due to upcoming technologies, such as electric vehicles and heat pumps. Measures such as transport mode shift and improving building insulation can reduce the demand in their respective sector, although their impact remains uncertain. Moreover, flexibility measures such as Power to X or vehicle to grid couple the electricity sector to other sectors such as the mobility and heat sectors. Based on these findings, a morphological analysis is conducted. A morphological box is presented to summarize the major characteristics of the future residential energy system and investigate mutually incompatible pairs of factors. Lastly, the scenario space is further analyzed in terms of annual energy demand for a district.
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Gil-García, Isabel C., Mª Socorro García-Cascales, Habib Dagher, and Angel Molina-García. "Electric Vehicle and Renewable Energy Sources: Motor Fusion in the Energy Transition from a Multi-Indicator Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063430.
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Energy transition requires actions from different sectors and levels, mainly focused on achieving a low-carbon and high-renewable integration society. Among the different sectors, the transport sector is responsible for more than 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions, mostly emitted in cities. Therefore, initiatives and analysis focused on electric vehicles integration powered by renewables is currently a desirable solution to mitigate climate change and promote energy transition. Under this framework, this paper proposes a multi-indicator analysis for the estimation of CO2 emissions combining renewable integration targets, reduction emission targets and realistic renewable resource potentials. Four scenarios are identified and analyzed: (i) current situation with conventional vehicles, (ii) replacement of such conventional by electric vehicles without renewable integration, (iii) and (iv) integration of renewables to fulfill emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 respectively. The analysis is evaluated in the state of Maine (United States). From the results, a minimum renewable penetration of 39% and 82%, respectively, is needed to fulfill the emission reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 by considering 100% conventional vehicle replacement. Different combinations of available renewable resources can reduce emissions by more than 35%.
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Uriona-Maldonado, Mauricio, Leonardo Leocádio Coelho de Souza, and Gregorio Varvakis. "Focus on practice service process innovation in the Brazilian electric energy sector." Service Business 4, no. 1 (2009): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11628-009-0080-8.
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Denholm, Paul, Jeffrey C. King, Charles F. Kutcher, and Paul P. H. Wilson. "Decarbonizing the electric sector: Combining renewable and nuclear energy using thermal storage." Energy Policy 44 (May 2012): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.01.055.
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Coudé, Stéphane. "China's government procurement negotiations in the electric energy sector with WTO members." International Journal of Emerging Markets 9, no. 2 (2014): 294–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-09-2012-0097.
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Mendonça, Anny Key De Souza, Silvio Aparecido da Silva, Luísa Zeredo Pereira, Antonio Cezar Bornia, and Dalton Francisco de Andrade. "Analysis of the strategies for the commercialization of electric energy of generating agents in the short term environment." Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 25 (April 6, 2021): e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117064441.
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The development of the electric energy market has gained visibility due to the recent transformations in energy policies in Brazil and worldwide. For many years, investments were not made in the Brazilian electricity sector, causing a delay in the energy matrix. With this, the government implemented measures for structural and institutional reforms in the electricity sector with the objective of guaranteeing the expansion of the generating park, attracting private investment, and promoting market competition. The restructuring of the electricity sector led to the emergence of new ways to negotiate energy, new structures and entities, with the objective of increasing transparency, competitiveness and efficiency among market agents. In the new model of the Brazilian Electricity Sector (SEB), energy trading is carried out through two contracting environments, the Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR) and the Free Contracting Environment (ACL). This research analyzes the electric energy commercialization strategies through generation agents acting and competing in the short-term energy market, through the use of competitiveness graphs.
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Batih, Hakimul. "Estimasi Dampak Implementasi Kebijakan Terhadap Potensi Konservasi Energi Di Sektor Industri." Energi & Kelistrikan 11, no. 1 (2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/energi.v11i1.461.
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Beside transportation sector, industrial sector is one of the biggest energy consumption sector.Therefore, any energy conservation effort in this sector will contribute to the energy demand reduction as targeted in the National Energy Policy (KEN) and National Energy Plan (RUEN). This study tries to estimate the potential of energy conservation in Industrial sector by implementing four energy conservation policies, mamely: 1) implementation of energy management system, 2) boiler efficiency improvement, 3) Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) implementation for electric motor, and 4) MEPS implementation for chillers. Potential of energy conservation was calculated by using Long Range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software. The results of this study indicate that the implemntation of those energy conservation policies has the potential to reduce energy demands by 35 million Barrel Oil Equivalent (BOE) or by 7.9% in 2025 and 232 million BOE or 15.3% in 2050 as compared to energy demand in the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario. In sthe hort-term, (2025), the contribution of energy saving from the implementation of : energy management system, improving boiler efficiency, implementation of MEPS for electric motors, and implementation of MEPS for chillers are 1.1%, 6.3%, 0.5%, and 0% , respectivily. While, for the long -term (2050) , the contribution of each policy are 6.5%, 6%,2.2%, and 0.5%, respectively.Beside transportation sector, industrial sector is one of the biggest energy consumption sector.Therefore, any energy conservation effort in this sector will contribute to the energy demand reduction as targeted in the National Energy Policy (KEN) and National Energy Plan (RUEN). This study tries to estimate the potential of energy conservation in Industrial sector by implementing four energy conservation policies, mamely: 1) implementation of energy management system, 2) boiler efficiency improvement, 3) Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) implementation for electric motor, and 4) MEPS implementation for chillers. Potential of energy conservation was calculated by using Long Range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) software. The results of this study indicate that the implemntation of those energy conservation policies has the potential to reduce energy demands by 35 million Barrel Oil Equivalent (BOE) or by 7.9% in 2025 and 232 million BOE or 15.3% in 2050 as compared to energy demand in the Business as Usual (BAU) scenario. In sthe hort-term, (2025), the contribution of energy saving from the implementation of : energy management system, improving boiler efficiency, implementation of MEPS for electric motors, and implementation of MEPS for chillers are 1.1%, 6.3%, 0.5%, and 0% , respectivily. While, for the long -term (2050) , the contribution of each policy are 6.5%, 6%,2.2%, and 0.5%, respectively.
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De Souza-Sant’Anna, Vânia Reis, Adriano Henrique Ferrarez, Maria Joselma De Moraes, and Juan Carlos Solano-Jiménez. "The Resilience of the electric sector after COVID-19 and the impacts on the photovoltaic solar energy market." CienciAmérica 10, no. 2 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33210/ca.v10i2.365.
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INTRODUCTION. The Brazilian electricity sector and parts of society are experiencing the impacts of COVID-19, which spreads throughout the world, paralyzing all or part of its activities. The reduction in electricity consumption leads to an analysis of the stability of the Brazilian energy matrix that serves different social segments. OBJECTIVE. The objective of this work was to carry out an analysis of the electric power generation sector and its standardization, the perspectives of its post-Covid-19 behaviour and the role of renewable energy sources, in particular the photovoltaic industry. METHOD. An analysis was made of the electric power generation sector and its standardization, the prospects for its post-Covid-19 behaviour and the role of the solar photovoltaic systems. RESULTS. Scenarios evaluated: updating of the regulatory framework for the Brazilian electric sector, the solar energy market photovoltaic, electricity consumption and the solar photovoltaic systems as a complementary source in this climate change scenario. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. It is concluded that sustainable transitions on the planet, associated with economic growth, promote human development for a low carbon community.
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Muhamad Zuhud, Andrya, Facta Mochammad, and Widayat Widayat. "Thermoelectric application in energy conservation." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187301009.
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In the becoming years, energy demand is expected to grow faster than current needs. Thermoelectric technology works through conversion process from heat energy into electricity directly and vice versa. Thermoelectric device that use for energy conversion from heat into electrical is known as thermoelectric generator (TEG). TEG is made of Bismuth Telluride, Lead Telluride and Silicon Germanium compound which contains figure of merit (ZT). In term of applications, TEG is possible to be applied in extreme condition such as a power supply in the space mission, harvesting heat from transportation vehicle, and getting waste heat from industrial sector. Furthermore thermoelectric generation is possible also to be applied as a micro power generation system which is very useful for electrical source for residential installation. In this paper, a brief review of above applications is presented. Early developed research investigation is carried out for application of thermoelectric generator in residential installation by using biomass wooden-fuel stove. The early result shows that there are amount of heat emitted from the side cylinder cook stove as energy waste. There is a chance and possibility to harvest energy waste in the stove to become electric source and finally this related research effort will increase the efficiency of the electric stove in energy conversion.
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Krishna, T. V., M. K. Maharana, and C. K. Panigrahi. "Integrated Design and Control of Renewable Energy Sources for Energy Management." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 3 (2020): 5857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3613.
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Growing population and expanding industry set off the demand for electrical energy and issues, such as the problem of peak load demand, emerge. To balance the supply and load demand problem, the energy management system has the vital role of Electric Peak shaving with the integration of microgrid into the utility grid. The combination of demand-side management with storable energy sources helps us resolve the matters concerned with the peak load demand. However, in a microgrid, whenever the distributed energy sources are interconnected, the DC bus link voltage will vary due to the inherent behavior of each source as they mainly depend on geographical conditions. This work proposes voltage droop control strategy to keep the DC bus link voltage at a constant value. Also, it gives an overlook of the present power sector scenario of India and a reassessment of the demand side management system and how it is utilized in electrical peak shaving.
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LIU, K. F. "NEUTRON ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT AT FIXED TOPOLOGY." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 25 (2009): 1971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309031375.
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We describe the finite volume effects of CP-odd quantities, such as the neutron electric dipole moment and the anapole moment in the θ-vacuum, under different topological sectors. We evaluate the three-point Green's functions for the electromagnetic current in a fixed nontrivial topological sector in order to extract these CP-odd observables. We discuss the role of zero modes in the CP-odd Green's function and show that, in the quenched approximation, there is a power divergence in the quark mass for CP-odd quantities at finite volume.
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Gel’manova, Z., O. Pak, G. Sivyakova, G. Zhabalova, O. Lelikova, and O. Onischenko. "The scenario of development of electric power industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912404002.
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The article explored the energy sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data on the demand for new installed capacity are presented. The scenarios for the development of the energy sector and factors determining the characteristics of scenarios are considered. The main results of the simulation are analyzed. SWOT analysis was made in the field of saving energy and efficiency energy. Based on the results of the data, conclusions were drawn and measures were proposed.
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Ferreira, Aracéli Cristina de S., Vinicius Mothe Maia, Dilo S. de Carvalho Vianna, and Juliana Molina Queiroz. "Financial Situation Unique Indicator for Electric Sector Firms." Accounting and Finance Research 10, no. 3 (2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v10n3p72.
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This paper develops a unique indicator to identify the financial situation of firms in the electric sector in Brazil. The National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) regulates this sector through five dimensions: indebtedness, efficiency, investment, profitability, and pay-out ratio. Each of these dimensions contains one or two indicators. Based on these indicators, we develop a unique indicator that shows companies' financial situation. To create a unique indicator, we follow the idea of Altman’s solvency indicator. But, we use a logit regression. Our dependent variable is Global Performance of Continuity which indicates the financial situation of the firm. Our independent variables are based on the five dimensions of the ANEEL indicators for financial situation. We collect data from 2011 to 2018. This research follows three main steps: (1) Collection of the data from the ANEEL database; (2) Creation of variables based on ANEEL’s five dimensions of performance; and (3) Econometric proceedings with variables according to ANEEL’s data and indicators of each dimension. First, we estimate one regression with all variables created based on ANEEL’s five dimensions. Then, we make improvements to find a more suitable model with different combinations of variables. We chose the best model by analysing the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Our results show that the unique indicator we create to evaluate firm performance is based on Debt, Efficiency, Investment (CapexA) and the Pay-out Ratio.
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Zlobina, Natalia, Oleg Kondrakov, Elena Merkulova, Olga Muratova, and Yulia Vetakova. "Impact of energy economy development on the region’s population life quality." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002106.
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Regional economic development depends on development of fuel and energy industry facilities capable of ensuring a stable and reliable supply of energy carriers. At present, it is impossible to imagine livelihood of population without electrical energy. Russia produces 1094 billion kWh of electrical energy, of which 580 billion kWh is consumed by industry. Electrical energy is the basis for development of all types of economic activities. It is a condition for creation of material values and an increase in the standard of living of population. Modern industrial technologies are characterized by high energy intensity. Industry is dependent on electrical energy which drives power equipment. Electric power affects productivity which is the main indicator of production efficiency. The increase in GRP is mainly accounted for manufacturing industry (high-tech production) and service sector. Such indicators as GRP per capita, the volume of goods shipped by manufacturing industries, consumption of electricity by industry, and electric power per worker characterize sustainable socio-economic development of regions. It is relevant to conduct a statistical analysis of these indicators and identify development prospects to ensure energy security of regions.
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Fechtner, Heiko, Karl-Heinz Saes, Erik Fechtner, Tobias Braun, and Benedikt Schmülling. "Clarification of the Training Requirements for Working on Electric Vehicles." International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC) 9, no. 1 (2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v9i1.5635.
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The dwindling energy resources and the compliance of international climate protection goals lead to a rethink in the automobile sector. One result of this rethink is the increasing distribution of electric vehicles in the last years. This development includes a new challenge for the training sector. For example, the implementation of a high-voltage system into automobiles involves a new hazard potential for people, who work on electric vehicles. Therefore, the employees in the areas of vehicle repair trade, rescue services, towing services, and other relevant sectors need a good qualification for working on electric vehicles. On the one hand, a lot of specialized training programs have already been developed in the area of academic education. On the other hand, there is a great need of training programs for professionals (e.g. motor mechanics, firefighters). Hence, this paper clarifies the current requirements in the education sector and the new hazard potential by working on electric vehicles. Moreover, an approach for the development of a specialized training program for working on electric vehicles is presented in this paper as well. The focus of this training program is on the improvement of the learning process by a blended learning concept with an adaptive modular design.