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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric engineering Safety measures'
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1
Yang, Xuying. "Common Fault Analysis and Prevention Measures in Building Electrical Installation." World Construction 4, no. 3 (September 17, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wcj.v4i3.2.
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<p>Since the building of electrical facilities became more common, people paid more attention to the quality and safety of electric equipment, which led to a stricter requirement for building electrical installation. The installation of electrical engineering is closely related to the quality of the building itself, if too much carelessness is seen during the process of building the electrical facility, it would be prone to some quality problems and hence cannot ensure the safety of the user's life. This study will expound the cause and prevention measures of common faults in building electric installation engineering through common fault analysis of building electrical installation. Therefore, it is of great significance to pay special attention to the quality management of electrical installation engineering and develop electrical installation engineering by applicability, reliability, economy, beautiful appearance and convenience.</p>
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Yang, Xuying. "Common Fault Analysis and Prevention Measures in Building Electrical Installation." World Construction 4, no. 3 (September 17, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/wc.v4i3.2.
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<p>Since the building of electrical facilities became more common, people paid more attention to the quality and safety of electric equipment, which led to a stricter requirement for building electrical installation. The installation of electrical engineering is closely related to the quality of the building itself, if too much carelessness is seen during the process of building the electrical facility, it would be prone to some quality problems and hence cannot ensure the safety of the user's life. This study will expound the cause and prevention measures of common faults in building electric installation engineering through common fault analysis of building electrical installation. Therefore, it is of great significance to pay special attention to the quality management of electrical installation engineering and develop electrical installation engineering by applicability, reliability, economy, beautiful appearance and convenience.</p>
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Wu, Zhizhou, Xin Zeng, and Ling Wang. "A New Traffic Conflict Measure for Electric Bicycles at Intersections." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 32, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v32i3.3222.
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As electric bicycles (e-bikes) are becoming popular in China, concerns have been raised about their safety conditions. A traffic conflict technique is commonly used in traffic safety analysis, and there are many conflict measures designed for cars. However, e-bikes have high flexibility to change speed and trajectories, which is different from cars, so the conflict measures defined for e-bikes need to be independently explored. Based on e-bike driving characteristics, this paper proposes a new measure, the Integrated Conflict Intensity (ICI), for traffic conflicts involving e-bikes at intersections. It measures the degree of dangerousness of a conflict process, with consideration of both conflict risk and conflict severity. Time to collision is used to measure the conflict risk. Relative kinetic energy is used to measure the conflict severity. ICI can be calculated based on video analysis. The method of determining ICI thresholds for three conflict levels (serious, less serious, and slight) and two conflict types (conflicts between two e-bikes, and conflicts between an e-bike and a car) is put forward based on the questionnaires about safety perception of e-bike riders, which is regarded as the criterion of e-bike safety conditions at intersections. The video recording and a questionnaire survey about conflicts involving e-bikes at intersections have been conducted, and the unified thresholds applicable to different intersections have been determined. It is verified that ICI and its thresholds meet the criterion of e-bike safety conditions. This work is expected to be used in the selection of intersections for safety improvement of e-bike traffic.
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Panova, Olena, Nataliia Burdeina, Kyrylo Nikolaiev, and Yana Biruk. "PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SAFETY MEASURES IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURE." JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute, no. 2 (2020): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2020-2-155-161.
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Objective. Identification of factors of non-productive origin that affect the electromagnetic situation in industrial buildings and the implementation of a sequence of measures to normalize it. Methods. Experimental study of the source of extraneous electromagnetic fields in buildings and structures that can adversely affect workers and sensitive devices in production. To do this, the means of finding such fields were identified and used. The state and description of electric power networks as well as the distribution of the intensity of high-frequency electromagnetic fields are generalized. Electromagnetic safety measures in the production of various purposes are analyzed and presented. Results. Industrial five-storey buildings were inspected for currents in metal structures. The results show that they have significant levels of electric currents in metal structures depending on the riser of the building. It is established that the precondition for the application of safety measures is the analysis of the state of electric power networks, the distribution of the intensity of high-frequency electromagnetic fields, etc. The levels of electromagnetic fields in partially shielded rooms have been experimentally established. Typical dependences of radiation intensity of mobile phones on the signal level from base stations are obtained. The conditions of normalization of the electromagnetic situation in individual rooms and the building as a whole are substantiated. Electromagnetic safety measures have been introduced. Scientific novelty. To minimize the impact of electrical networks on the electromagnetic environment in the building, it is advisable to upgrade it according to the scheme TN-S, or TN-C-S, which reduces the levels of uncompensated electric currents in the network and the corresponding magnetic fields. Practical significance. It is established that: a) it is obligatory to determine the presence of leakage electric currents on grounded bearing structures and engineering networks that generate magnetic fields of hygienically significant voltages; b) reducing the levels of these jets due to technical solutions further reduces the intensity of electro-like processes in metal structures; c) to reduce the levels of high-frequency electromagnetic fields in production facilities, which are formed due to the reflection and re-reflection of electromagnetic waves, it is advisable to use composite shielding materials with controlled absorption and reflection coefficients. This approach will systematize the overall electromagnetic background in the premises and the building as a whole.
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Chen, Jianhong, Kai Li, and Shan Yang. "Electric Vehicle Fire Risk Assessment Based on WBS-RBS and Fuzzy BN Coupling." Mathematics 10, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 3799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10203799.
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(1) Background: In recent years, electric vehicle fire accidents have occurred frequently. Studying the risk factors leading to electric vehicle fire can take corresponding safety measures to reduce the occurrence of electric vehicle fire accidents. (2) Methods: The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) was constructed to decompose the electric vehicle system, the Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) was constructed to decompose the risk of electric vehicle fire accidents, a WBS-RBS coupling matrix was built to identify the risk factors that lead to electric vehicle fire accidents in the electric vehicle system, and the fuzzy Bayesian network was used to evaluate the risk of electric vehicle fire accidents. (3) Results: In this study, the electric vehicle was divided into four systems, and 15 risk factors leading to electric vehicle fire were found. The first risk factor was external collision ignition, followed by battery failure, artificial modification, battery-pack flooding, and charging equipment failure, and safety measures were proposed; (4) Conclusions: The results show that the WBS-RBS and fuzzy BN coupling research method can identify the risk factors leading to an electric vehicle fire, and the risk factors were ranked, providing a reference for the safety protection of electric vehicles.
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Ni, Yicheng. "Risk Control Analysis in Electric Power Engineering Project Management." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 18, no. 1 (September 13, 2023): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/18/20230097.
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With the development of social economy, the number and scale of electric power construction projects are increasing. Their contents are changing from "single" in the past to "diversified" at present. And the contents of project management are constantly being improved and updated. The function and structure of the electric power construction project in China are relatively complex, involving many factors. There are certain risks in safety, quality, investment, construction period and operating benefit. How to better solve the problems existing in the actual operation process and how to better manage power companies and improve the efficiency and economy of power company projects are the key issues that need to be considered. In order to ensure the economic and social benefits of electric power projects, improve their engineering quality, the project managers must analyze various possible risk factors in time during the construction of electric power projects, and take effective measures to minimize the risks.
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Mitolo, Massimo. "Is it Possible to Calculate Safety: Safety and Risk Analysis of Standard Protective Measures Against Electric Shock." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 15, no. 3 (May 2009): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2009.932360.
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YABUSHITA, Fumihiro. "Safety Measures for Underground Railway." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 129, no. 4 (2009): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.129.220.
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TAMURA, Hiroyuki. "Trend of Electric Fires and Safety Measures in Factories based on Fire Cases." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 142, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.142.337.
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Kirana, Rizky Cahya, Nicco Avinta Purwanto, Nadana Ayzah Azis, Endra Joelianto, Sigit Puji Santosa, Bentang Arief Budiman, Le Hoa Nguyen, and Arjon Turnip. "Failure assessment in lithium-ion battery packs in electric vehicles using the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) approach." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 14, no. 1 (July 31, 2023): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2023.v14.94-104.
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The use of batteries in electric cars comes with inherent risks. As the crucial component of these vehicles, batteries must possess a highly dependable safety system to ensure the safety of users. To establish such a reliable safety system, a comprehensive analysis of potential battery failures is carried out. This research examines various failure modes and their effects, investigates the causes behind them, and quantifies the associated risks. The failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) method is employed to classify these failures based on priority numbers. By studying 28 accident reports involving electric vehicles, data is collected to identify potential failure modes and evaluate their risks. The results obtained from the FMEA assessment are used to propose safety measures, considering the importance of the potential failure modes as indicated by their risk priority number (RPN). The design incorporates safeguards against mechanical stress, external short circuits, and thermal runaway incidents. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of electric vehicle (EV) battery safety and offer valuable insights to EV manufacturers, regulators, and policymakers, aiding them in the development of safer and more reliable electric vehicles.
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Yang, Cheng Zhong, Yi Lin Chen, Yan Jun Wang, and Chao Fang. "The Application of Ground Penetrating Radar in the Karst Detection of Tunnel Bottom." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.471.
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In order to ascertain the karst development status under tunnel arch, take the appropriate engineering measures according to the different karst state and ensure the tunnel structure safety. Based on the difference electric properties of electromagnetic wave in the different media, for karst development features of large dam tunnel area, applying geological radar, the karst development status under the tunnel arch dam bottom was detected. Geophysical interpretation show the karst of the rock under arch dam bottom develops well and exist karst structure. The tunnel is not safe. In construction, engineering measures such as excavation and backfill are taken. The results show that: the geological radar is a good resolution for karst development situation; the engineering measures adopted are effective.
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Wang, Shiyan, Youliang Gao, Peijian Xu, Xinyu Xiang, and Haijun Shen. "Automatic Monitoring and Control System Based on Automatic Control for Transmission Line Engineering Traverse Spread." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2558, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2558/1/012027.
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Abstract This paper proposes the investigation of an automatic monitoring system of transverse diffusion of transmission line engineering based on automatic control, intending to enhance the safety of power grid operation and the effectiveness of detecting parameters like the size of the opposite side of the crimped wire. Using the same microcomputer as the primary control device, a transmission line automatic compression control system is constructed in this paper. It has three infrared sensors that can measure three groups of distances, an electric sensor that measures the hydraulic pump’s output, and an electric drive that controls the hydraulic pump’s opening and closing. The upper computer can count the number of wire movements and measure the distance traveled by each step of the wire. The lower machine moves the metal directly depending on the instructions from the upper computer, measures the hydraulic pump’s pressure, and measures the length of three distinct groups of hexagonal metal. Time pressure and three wire groups that are not connected are also visible in the lower computer’s serial port. This system reduces collision costs, saves a lot of labor, increases engineering and production efficiency, and can be useful in wire crimping technology.
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Zheng, Junjun, Hiroyuki Okamura, Taoming Pang, and Tadashi Dohi. "Availability importance measures of components in smart electric power grid systems." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 205 (January 2021): 107164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.107164.
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K N, Nikhil. "A Review on Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 3699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45878.
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Abstract: Worldwide, development on the batteries used in electric vehicles is making significant strides in solving the problems of carbon emissions and climate change issues. The efficiency of electric vehicles depends on accurate testing of key parameters and proper operation and functionality of battery management system. On the other hand, inadequate battery energy storage system monitoring and safety measures can lead to serious problems such as battery overheating, overcharging, cell unbalancing, thermal management, and fire threats. An efficient battery management system, which includes chargingdischarging control, precise monitoring, temperature management, battery safety, and protection, is essential for enhancing battery performance in order to alleviate these worries. This study aims to give a comprehensive analysis of different intelligent techniques and control strategies for the battery management system in electric vehicle applications. The evaluation evaluates battery state estimate intelligent algorithms in terms of their features, structure, configuration, accuracy, advantages, and disadvantages. The paper also examines the numerous controllers employed in battery warming, cooling, balancing, and protection emphasizing sections, traits, objectives, results, benefits, and limitations.
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Yang, Yang. "Problems and Countermeasures of Coal Mine Engineering Management under the Background of Big Data and IoT." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 9, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1725741.
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In the context of the era of big data and the Internet of Things, there are certain engineering management problems in the development of my country’s coal mine enterprise engineering management. Based on the research content of domestic coal enterprises in the construction and engineering management of production and engineering, comprehensive research and analysis of problems at different stages of different stages, optimizing the improvement of coal mine engineering management levels, were done. In the process of various factors that affect the safety of coal mine safety production and the high-quality development of enterprises, this article focuses on the problems and hidden dangers affecting the management of coal mine engineering management and focuses on improving measures to improve the safety of coal mines and improve corporate safety benefits. After conducting research, an evaluation and analysis model, a comprehensive research on the various factors that affect the safety of coal mine, conducted a comprehensive research and conducted research on factors and measures affecting engineering management. A comprehensive data analysis model and factor management model based on coal mine engineering management are constructed. In the context of big data and the Internet of Things, targeted evaluation and analysis based on different security risks and engineering management issues were proposed with feasible opinions and measures.
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Izdebski, Mariusz, and Marianna Jacyna. "An Efficient Hybrid Algorithm for Energy Expenditure Estimation for Electric Vehicles in Urban Service Enterprises." Energies 14, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14072004.
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The article deals with the decision problems of estimating the energy expenditure of low-emission fleets in urban service companies due to environmental safety. One of the most important problems of today’s transport policy of many city authorities is the ecological safety of its inhabitants. The basic measures are aimed at banning high-emission vehicles from city centers and promoting the introduction of zero-emission vehicles, such as electric or hybrid cars. The authors proposed an original approach to the decision model, in which the energy expenditure from the use of electric vehicles was defined as a criterion function. The boundary conditions took into account limitations typical of an electric vehicle, e.g., maximum range or battery charging time. To solve the problem, the authors proposed an efficient hybrid algorithm based on ant colony algorithm and genetic algorithm. The verification was made for the example of a utility company serving a medium-sized city in the eastern part of Poland.
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Al Ameeri, Tareq Ali, Mohd Nizam Ab Rahman, and Norhamidi Muhamad. "Analysing Effective and Ineffective Impacts of Maintenance Strategies on Electric Power Plants: A Comprehensive Approach." Energies 16, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 6243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176243.
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The maintenance strategy used in an electric power plant plays a crucial role in its overall performance and operational efficiency. An effective maintenance strategy describes the approach to exploiting various forms of maintenance (corrective, preventive, predictive, proactive, etc.) in an electric power plant. In this paper, the effective and ineffective impacts of maintenance strategies on power plants were examined. Also, the distinction between corrective, preventive, and aggressive maintenance was considered. In terms of effective impacts, a well-designed and executed maintenance strategy enhances the reliability and availability of the electric power plant by minimising unplanned downtime. It extends the lifespan of critical equipment, improves safety measures, increases energy efficiency, and contributes to long-term cost savings. However, in terms of ineffective impacts, poorly planned or executed maintenance strategies can result in increased downtime, higher repair costs, safety risks, decreased efficiency, and regulatory compliance issues. Neglecting maintenance can lead to equipment failures, reduced productivity, and potential environmental incidents.
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Ahluwalia, Ramanpreet Singh, and Sukhwinder Singh. "Enhancement of safety measures to prevent air accidents." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 32, no. 8 (August 2017): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2017.160161.
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Lan, Hao, Guiyun Wang, Kun Zhao, Yuntang He, and Tianlei Zheng. "Review on the Hydrogen Dispersion and the Burning Behavior of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 19 (October 4, 2022): 7295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197295.
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The development of a hydrogen energy-based society is becoming the solution for more and more countries. Fuel cell electric vehicles are the best carriers for developing a hydrogen energy-based society. The current research on hydrogen leakage and the diffusion of fuel cell electric vehicles has been sufficient. However, the study of hydrogen safety has not reduced the safety concerns for society and government management departments, concerning the large-scale promotion of fuel cell electric vehicles. Hydrogen safety is both a technical and psychological issue. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of fuel cell electric vehicles’ hydrogen dispersion and the burning behavior and introduce the relevant work of international standardization and global technical regulations. The CFD simulations in tunnels, underground car parks, and multistory car parks show that the hydrogen escape performance is excellent. At the same time, the research verifies that the flow, the direction of leakage, and the vehicle itself are the most critical factors affecting hydrogen distribution. The impact of the leakage location and leakage pore size is much smaller. The relevant studies also show that the risk is still controllable even if the hydrogen leakage rate is increased ten times the limit of GTR 13 to 1000 NL/min and then ignited. Multi-vehicle combustion tests of fuel cell electric vehicles showed that adjacent vehicles were not ignited by the hydrogen. This shows that as long as the appropriate measures are taken, the risk of a hydrogen leak or the combustion of fuel cell electric vehicles is controllable. The introduction of relevant standards and regulations also indirectly proves this point. This paper will provide product design guidelines for R&D personnel, offer the latest knowledge and guidance to the regulatory agencies, and increase the public’s acceptance of fuel cell electric vehicles.
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Sen, Abhijit, Abdulrahman Khamaj, Majed Moosa, and Sougata Karmakar. "Cross-Cultural Study on OSH Risk Perception of Solar PV Workers of Saudi Arabia and India: Risk Mitigation through PtD." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 9614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249614.
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A large number of workers are entering the rapidly growing solar photovoltaic industry. The emerging occupational safety and health risks faced by the workers have rarely been measured and aptly addressed. Moreover, there is a lack of cross-cultural studies on solar photovoltaic workers engaged across different countries. This study was planned to measure the occupational safety and health risks, socio-demographic parameters, study the cross-cultural aspects and develop design concepts for risk mitigation. Field studies were conducted in solar installations in Saudi Arabia and India. Socio-demographic data and risk perception scores for eighteen different occupational safety and health risks were obtained from the workers (n = 135). In addition, discomfort glare was also measured. Design concepts were developed following the hierarchy of controls matrix and the bow-tie analysis method using the prevention through design approach. Heat stress, electrocution, solar radiation, and fire/electric flash were found in the high and very high risk categories. This is a first-of-its-kind cross-cultural study in the solar photovoltaic industry which measures the occupational safety and health risks and develops design concepts for mitigation of risks. This study will be beneficial to solar project developers, safety professionals, ergonomists, industrial designers and policy makers.
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Kachroo, Pushkin, K. Ramachandra Rao, and Geetam Tiwari. "Surrogate safety measures using bicycle vehicle models." BOHR International Journal of Engineering 2, no. 1 (2023): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bije.2023.17.
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Surrogate Safety Measures (SSM) allow for analysis of crashes without having access to actual crash data as those are difficult to obtain, being of rare event nature. This article, for the first time, uses kinematic and dynamic bicycle models for vehicles for trajectory analysis to compute surrogate safety measures. The model has two versions, with and without the consideration of adhesion coefficients depending on the road conditions. Previously, only longitudinal models have been used and recently, a combined longitudinal and lateral model has been used by the authors but with a single wheel model, which is being enhanced by using the bicycle model in this paper.
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De Pasquale, G., A. Somà, and F. Fraccarollo. "Piezoelectric energy harvesting for autonomous sensors network on safety-improved railway vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 4 (September 14, 2011): 1107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211418158.
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Mechanical vibrations of railway vehicles were converted to electric power by means of a piezoelectric energy harvester, a rectification circuit, and a storage battery. The power harvested is used to supply one node of a sensor network for the structural monitoring and safety improvement on railway vehicles. The dynamic dimensioning of the piezoelectric generator is presented, for the mechanical and electric viewpoints; the resonance tuning is described and the experimental validation of the performances of the node is provided. The tests were conducted on a scaled railway bogie, which is able to simulate the real working conditions of a train. The efficiency and the duty cycle of the autonomous sensing platform are measured.
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Raspopina, Dar’ya S., and Irina V. Volchatova. "PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES WHEN CONSTRUCTING POWER LINES." XXI century. Technosphere Safety 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2023-3-276-288.
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Recently, Russia has seen an increase in the number of people injured as a result of fatal occupational accidents. One of the traumatic industries is the electric power one. The article analyzes causes of electric shocks. Among 13 causes, the first place is occupied by direct contact with overhead power lines (46%). On the example of developed countries, examples of technical measures that can prevent industrial injuries when constructing power lines are provided. The main technical tool used in their construction is supports based on sectioned reinforced concrete racks. Its advantage is simplification. Reducing the installation time of reinforced concrete supports can decrease severity of the labor process, and concrete as a natural grounding conductor increases electrical safety.
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Sarda, Jigar, Hirva Patel, Yashvi Popat, Kueh Hui, and Mangal Sain. "Review of Management System and State-of-Charge Estimation Methods for Electric Vehicles." World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 12 (November 27, 2023): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14120325.
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Energy storage systems (ESSs) are critically important for the future of electric vehicles. Due to the shifting global environment for electrical distribution and consumption, energy storage systems (ESS) are amongst the electrical power system solutions with the fastest growing market share. Any ESS must have the capacity to regulate the modules from the system in the case of abnormal situations as well as the ability to monitor, control, and maximize the performance of one or more battery modules. Such a system is known as a battery management system (BMS). One parameter that is included in the BMS is the state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery. The BMS is used to enhance battery performance while including the necessary safety measures in the system. SOC estimation is a key BMS feature, and precise modelling and state estimation will improve stable operation. This review discusses the current methods used in BEV LIB SOC modelling and estimation. It also efficiently monitors all of the electrical characteristics of a battery-pack system, including the voltage, current, and temperature. The main function of a BMS is to safeguard a battery system for machine electrification and electric propulsion. The major responsibility of the BMS is to guarantee the trustworthiness and safety of the battery cells coupled to create high currents at high voltage levels. This article examines the advancements and difficulties in (i) cutting-edge battery technology and (ii) cutting-edge BMS for electric vehicles (EVs). This article’s main goal is to outline the key characteristics, benefits and drawbacks, and recent technological developments in SOC estimation methods for a battery. The study follows the pertinent industry standards and addresses the functional safety component that concerns BMS. This information and knowledge will be valuable for vehicle manufacturers in the future development of new SOC methods or an improvement in existing ones.
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YOSHIHARA, Kensuke. "Current Situation of Safety Assurance Measures in the light of Fukushima Daiichi Accident taken by Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 54, no. 7 (2012): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.54.7_441.
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Brzezinska, Dorota, and Paul Bryant. "Performance-Based Analysis in Evaluation of Safety in Car Parks under Electric Vehicle Fire Conditions." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020649.
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Even though electric vehicles (EV) were invented over a century ago, their popularity has grown significantly within the last 10 years due to the development of Li-ion battery technology. This evolution created an increase in the fire risk and hazards associated with this type of high-energy battery. This review focuses on lessons learned from electric vehicle fires and fire risk mitigation measures for passenger road vehicles partially or fully powered by Li-ion batteries. The paper presents EV fire risks, as well as historical car fires, published large-scale fire tests, and some proposed fire protection strategies in the aspect of electromobility safety for the future. Technical solutions for EV fire hazard mitigation are discussed, and methods of performance-based analysis and simulations for fire safety in car park evaluation are demonstrated. The Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) was used for the CFD simulations for the prediction of smoke dispersion and temperature distribution during an EV fire. The presented case study demonstrates how fire simulations could predict conditions for the safe evacuation of people and Fire Brigade intervention conditions in the case of an EV fire in a car park.
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Domin, Rostyslav, Iurii Domin, and Ganna Cherniak. "Estimation of dynamic performances of the safe operation of high-speed electric train." Archives of Transport 41, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7374.
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The process of implementation of new developments, in particular, new generation rolling stock holds a prominent place among the range of measures for organization of high-speed passenger rail transportation in Ukraine. The example of permission for use and the initial phase of work with interregional NRCS2 dual-mode electric trains produced by Hyundai-Rotem Corporation is the illustrative one in this context. Due to the detection of macro-cracks in bolster beams of the car body frames of these electric trains, namely in the areas of mounting of anti-yaw dampers, these trains were taken out of service until the completion of the modernization of problematic nodes. The comprehensive study on the determination of the safety parameters of electric trains was conducted to determine the causes of destruction of bolster beams. At the same time, bolster beams loading was estimated depending on the characteristics of anti-yaw dampers by means of computer simulation of the dynamics of motion of trailing and motor cars. The feasibility of selection of parameters for anti-yaw dampers mounted on electric train cars was assessed. The results of work will improve the safe operation of high-speed trains and increase the efficiency of estimates regarding the loading of bearing structures of underframes of the of rolling stock.
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Venables, M. "SportsTech: American football. New and improved safety measures for America's NFL stars." Engineering & Technology 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2013.0114.
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Petrov, V. L., and A. V. Pichuev. "Assessing the efficiency of measures to enhance electric power quality in variable-frequency drive for scraper conveyors." Gornye nauki i tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia) 9, no. 1 (April 3, 2024): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2024-01-198.
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The intensive implementation of variable-frequency drive machines and installations in underground mining processes necessitates addressing several issues, with a primary focus on ensuring the quality of electric power. Elevating the energy resource of mining machines and enhancing the energy efficiency of mining operations requires maintaining the rated indicators of electric power quality in mine power distribution systems. Achieving this involves assessing the level and composition of higher harmonic components in voltage and current within power circuits equipped with variable-frequency drives (VFD). Key objectives encompass the development of a simulation model based on the equivalent diagram of the power distribution system substitution with a scraper conveyor VFD to scrutinize the spectral composition of higher harmonic components in the power circuits of the mine power distribution system (MPDS). Additionally, the study involves analyzing the impact of harmonic filters (HFs), reactors, and sine filters on the quality of electric power in the VFD system of a scraper conveyor. Further analysis extends to the spectral composition of higher harmonic components in circuits related to insulation leakage and metering circuits of the residual-current device. Practical recommendations for improving electric power quality in the VFD system of a scraper conveyor are then developed based on the research findings. The established model of a variable-frequency drive system for scraper conveyors facilitates the assessment of the effectiveness of electric power quality improvement measures. The harmonic composition of voltage and current in the mine power distribution system is determined under maximum distortion conditions and in the presence of HFs, reactors, and sine filters. Research methods are chosen to unveil the spectral composition of voltage and current in symmetrical and single-phase modes of insulation leakage, as well as in metering circuits of residual-current devices (RCDs). It is noted that the harmonic composition of leakage voltage and current is primarily influenced by the parameters of the output voltage modulated by the autonomous frequency converter inverter. Considering the high level of harmonic components in voltage and current, adjustments to RCD settings, capacitive current compensator, and the protective shunting unit are recommended for electrical safety. The study emphasizes the importance of scientifically substantiating the rated indicators of higher harmonic components for leakage circuits and further exploring the physiological effects of higher current harmonics on the human body. The feasibility of installing a harmonic filter (HF) directly on the low-voltage supply section of a scraper conveyor should be technically justified. Interestingly, the presence of HFs, reactors, and sine filters does not significantly impact the harmonic composition or the magnitudes of coefficients of the harmonic components in the phase voltage of the system concerning ground and leakage currents through insulation. However, higher harmonic components induced in leakage current circuits may pose a potential hazard, leading to a violation of magnetic compatibility and posing risks in case of contact with live parts of electrical equipment.
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Dong, Kai, Zhihong Xue, Yanwu Dong, Ziqiang Lu, Jie Li, and Shaocheng Wu. "Electric field detection method of 500 kV porcelain deteriorated insulator based on Combination Neural Network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2418, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2418/1/012103.
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Abstract The operation state of insulators is closely related to the safety and reliability of the power network. Affected by the environment, the insulator strings will gradually age and become low-value or zero-value in insulators. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to correctly and timely detect whether there are faults in insulators. It has a good engineering application prospect to evaluate the insulation condition of insulators by detecting the surface electric field value of insulators. In this paper, the external axial electric field value of the insulator skirt is obtained through finite element simulation, and the combined neural network model is used. Finally, the effectiveness of the model is verified by the measured data. The experimental results show that this method can effectively identify whether the insulator has deteriorated.
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Bryła, Paweł, Shuvam Chatterjee, and Beata Ciabiada-Bryła. "Consumer Adoption of Electric Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010205.
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Electric vehicle (EV) disposition may challenge serious environmental issues such as excessive dependence on oil, especially in the transport sector. Despite this understanding, the adoption intention has been disappointing to date. This review tries to present a comprehensive overview of the methodologies, theories, and variables used in 57 peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2022 covering the main forms of consumer adoption of EVs, consisting of purchase as well as behavioral and usage intentions. Governments may stimulate consumer adoption of EVs with exemptions on roadway tolls, convenient access to charging infrastructures, and tax and economic incentives considering energy trading and vehicle sharing. Second, it is important to create intensive awareness revolving around the EV segment. Furthermore, respecting and understanding consumer preferences would also pave the way for the success of EV acceptance. Finally, consumers’ risk–benefit belief while adopting new technology will play a significant role in choosing an EV in the future, while the biggest barriers to adopting EV will be consumers’ lack of confidence in EV performance, safety standard measures, and range per charge.
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Huang, Yebin, and Yihong Tang. "Construction Design of Prestressed Cast in place Piles for Transmission Line Engineering in Plateau Areas." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v4i2.4120.
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With the growth of urban construction, the excavation depth of foundation pit construction is getting deeper and deeper. Adding soil anchor to cast-in-place pile is one of the most effective methods for deep foundation pit support. And the construction quality of cast-in-place pile and soil anchor directly affects the subsequent construction and the safety of buildings. As an important pile type, pile foundation often has some quality problems such as pile position deviation, excessive sediment, concrete segregation, mud inclusion, broken pile and so on. Therefore, in the construction, it is necessary to correctly select the construction technology, strengthen the quality control of the construction process, ensure the integrity of the pile body, and make the static pressure test reach an excellent state. In the construction of electric power engineering, the links between the steps are very close, so only strict quality management of each process can really ensure the quality of transmission line construction. Combined with the engineering practice, this paper analyzes the quality problems of bored piles in plateau area and puts forward the prevention measures, providing suggestions for the construction design of prestressed bored piles in transmission line engineering.
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Abd El-Kareem Al-Kady, Huwida, Howyida Sadek AbdEl-Hameed, Ebtesam Mohamed Abd El- All, and Samah Said Sabry. "Safety Measures and First Aid Practices among Oil and Soap Workers." Journal of Nursing Science Benha University 3, no. 1 (January 22, 2022): 791–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jnsbu.2022.215390.
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CHONG, WOO SUK, MI YEON SHIN, and CHANG HO YU. "STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CARBON COMPOSITE FRAME FOR FOLDABLE ELECTRIC WHEELCHAIR DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 19, no. 07 (November 2019): 1940045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519419400451.
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Electric wheelchairs developed so far have difficulties for elderly people to use, because of their bulkiness and heavy weight. To address this problem, this study presents a design for the construction of an electric wheelchair with an application of light duty materials at frame and a foldable structure that can be easily loaded in a narrow space. A structural analysis was performed to evaluate the structural safety of the foldable wheelchair. For the purpose of analysis, a carbon composite was used as the material for the frame; Structure Mechanics Module of COMSOL Multiphysics was used as the analysis software; and for the boundary condition, the lower part of the body frame was fixed, and a load of 150[Formula: see text]kg was applied to the upper part of the wheelchair. According to the results of the structural analysis, a maximum displacement of 2.869[Formula: see text]mm occurred at the handle where the carbon composite was applied, and tensile and compressive stress of 103[Formula: see text]MPa and 107.3[Formula: see text]MPa, respectively, were measured at the seat part of the wheelchair where the load was applied. The safety factors were 7.5 and 5.5 for tensile stress and compressive stress, respectively. A maximum variation of 0.0872[Formula: see text]mm occurred at the aluminum wheel shaft, and a maximum variation of 0.2046[Formula: see text]mm occurred at the joint. The maximum stress was 116.3[Formula: see text]MPa that corresponded to a safety factor of 2.66; this indicates that the wheelchair can be considered to be structurally safe as the safety factor exceeds the initial target of 2.
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Kopin, S. V. "The Substantiation of Fresh Air Flow Rate for Lower Horizons of the «International» Mine of ALROSA Diamond-Mining Company (PJSC)." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 2 (February 2024): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2024-2-76-81.
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Today, the issue of providing consumers of the lower horizons of the «International» mine of ALROSA Diamond-Mining Company (PJSC) with fresh air is at the top of the agenda. The measures to ensure sustainable airflow in mines by using mining machines with a hybrid or electric drive, as well as by using air reserves and preventing in-shaft leaks of inflowing air were taken earlier. At the same time, it is still possible to improve the situation significantly by redistribution of fresh airflows in the ventilation network. The article provides data on the arrangement of efficient ventilation for the horizons 0/+130 m of block № 2 by the termination of aerodynamic connection with the main ventilation network of the mine. The proposed measures require the installation of the main ventilation system in the auxiliary ventilation shaft and the supply of fresh air via the existing portal overlooking the open pit. The fresh air supplied for ventilation is to be heated by air curtains. The basic parameters of the recommended engineering solution have been determined via the simulation of the ventilation process using the «Aeroset» software. The data obtained show that the proposed arrangement of the mine ventilation network will enable to increase the volume of fresh air supplied for ventilation of lower horizons from 120 to 196,7 m3/s; i.e., by 63.9 %. The solution does not require the correction of performance of the main ventilation system in the skip shaft, jobs to substantiate the increase of airflow rate in the shafts exceeding the scheduled rate, and the measures to enlarge the cross-section of main air-supply and air-outlet developments.
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Ye, Fei, Changshuai Wang, Wen Cheng, and Haoxue Liu. "Exploring Factors Associated with Cyclist Injury Severity in Vehicle-Electric Bicycle Crashes Based on a Random Parameter Logit Model." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (July 29, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5563704.
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Electric bicyclists are vulnerable road users and play an important role in traffic safety. The focus of this research is on analyzing cyclists’ injury severity in vehicle-electric bicycle collisions. It is an exploratory analysis that was conducted based on samples obtained from video data provided by the police of Xi’an China. Three types of severity include fatal, injury, and property-damage-only (PDO). A random parameter logit (RPL) model was specified to gain more insights into factors related to the injury severity level, including human behaviors, vehicle characteristics, roadway attributes, and environmental conditions. Some factors not included in previous research were introduced into this study, especially precrash behaviors of drivers and cyclists. The direct pseudo-elasticity effects of variables were compared to investigate the stability of individual parameter estimates on the severity categories. The results indicated that variables that significantly increment the probability of fatal accidents were as follows: driver violation behaviors (speeding, red-light violation, driving in the opposite direction), cyclist violation behaviors (speeding, red-light violation), day of time (nighttime), visibility restrictions (fixed obstacles), and vehicle type (larger bus, small truck, and larger truck). Based on these findings, we suggested measures such as strengthening law enforcement by installing cameras, implementing zero tolerance for cyclist violations, promoting education by completing training courses for cyclists, and enhancing traffic safety awareness through educational activities. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for formulating strategies to improve cyclist safety.
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Granà, Anna, Salvatore Curto, Andrea Petralia, and Tullio Giuffrè. "Connected Automated and Human-Driven Vehicle Mixed Traffic in Urban Freeway Interchanges: Safety Analysis and Design Assumptions." Vehicles 6, no. 2 (April 11, 2024): 693–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6020032.
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The introduction of connected automated vehicles (CAVs) on freeways raises significant challenges, particularly in interactions with human-driven vehicles, impacting traffic flow and safety. This study employs traffic microsimulation and surrogate safety assessment measures software to delve into CAV–human driver interactions, estimating potential conflicts. While previous research acknowledges that human drivers adjust their behavior when sharing the road with CAVs, the underlying reasons and the extent of associated risks are not fully understood yet. The study focuses on how CAV presence can diminish conflicts, employing surrogate safety measures and real-world mixed traffic data, and assesses the safety and performance of freeway interchange configurations in Italy and the US across diverse urban contexts. This research proposes tools for optimizing urban layouts to minimize conflicts in mixed traffic environments. Results reveal that adding auxiliary lanes enhances safety, particularly for CAVs and rear-end collisions. Along interchange ramps, an exclusive CAV stream performs similarly to human-driven ones in terms of longitudinal conflicts, but mixed traffic flows, consisting of both CAVs and human-driven vehicles, may result in more conflicts. Notably, when CAVs follow human-driven vehicles in near-identical conditions, more conflicts arise, emphasizing the complexity of CAV integration and the need for careful safety measures and roadway design considerations.
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Belitskaya, O. A., A. A. Fokina, V. S. Belgorodskiy, A. R. Sokolovskiy, and E. G. Panferova. "Integral Assessment of Antistatic Properties of Materials Used in Individual Safety Gear." Materials Science Forum 1085 (April 20, 2023): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jt439u.
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The buildup of static electricity on materials is a big problem for many industrial sectors especially in situations when uncontrolled changes occur near flammable materials and liquids. Yet the combustion risks associated with static electricity, as well as the sources of fires and explosions can be controlled through the provision of proper electrostatic protection to the entire production process. Antistatic footwear is one of the elements of safety gear that protects people from static electricity at the workplace. There are three types of antistatic footwear: antistatic conductive shoes with the electric impedance of <1•105 Ohms, antistatic scattering shoes with the electric impedance of 1•105-1•108 Ohms; and antistatic insulating shoes with the electric impedance of >1•108 Ohms. The properties of antistatic shoes directly depend on the materials that they are made of. Thus, it is necessary to study the antistatic properties of materials to design antistatic footwear. This article aims to identify the relaxation time constant for the electric charges on the exterior, interior, and intermediate layers of shoe top materials using the integral method. The authors demonstrate that the relaxation time constant of shoe materials can vary between 4 and 40 seconds. The measured values help rationalize the selection of materials to produce antistatic footwear, the materials that can carry the charge into the ground and prevent its accumulation.
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Mali, Priyadarshani Shivkumar, Dankan Gowda V, Hemant A. Tirmare, Varsha Amol Suryawanshi, and Abhay Chaturvedi. "Novel Predictive Control and Monitoring System based on IoT for Evaluating Industrial Safety Measures." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 1050–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100448.
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In this paper, the Accident Reduction Model (ARM) technique has been used to analyze different critical criteria in various industries. This ARM technique is used to determine the conclusions of the decision-making process. Valid data is obtained in the structure of the IoT with proper and consistent and useful information. The network address utility allows efficient sensor data. The necessary configuration procedure effectively monitors relevant sensor boundary values. Finally, we have ensured that the system will be able to provide dynamic performance in an IoT-based use of low-cost estimates and lower execution time.
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Bosurgi, Gaetano, Orazio Pellegrino, Alessia Ruggeri, and Giuseppe Sollazzo. "Synthetic Drivers’ Performance Measures Related to Vehicle Dynamics to Control Road Safety in Curves." Vehicles 5, no. 4 (November 9, 2023): 1656–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles5040090.
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The road alignment design relies on the knowledge of vehicle dynamics variables. However, it assumes that drivers faithfully follow the lane axis on straights and curves. Deviating from this assumption leads to unexpected outcomes and can significantly impact users’ safety. In this context, vehicle speed and longitudinal acceleration play a crucial role as key references in the international standards. They provide insights into critical driving aspects; therefore, it is essential to thoroughly analyze their real trends. Broad data collection campaigns should derive synthetic indicators in order to highlight eventual significant deviations between the ideal and real dynamics. To achieve this objective, the authors propose some indexes deduced during an experimental study with a Sim-Easy driving simulator, by AVSimulation. Importantly, these indicators can be freely applied in real driving scenarios without limitations. These indexes were tested on four different horizontal curves and proved effective in identifying relevant characteristics related to longitudinal acceleration and speed. Looking ahead, by analyzing similar data for numerous driving contexts on real roads, infrastructure managers could use this methodology to identify those sections with increased vulnerability for users’ safety. Moreover, the collected data from sensors, processed using these indicators, can be filtered and transmitted to users (via ADAS tools) while driving on a specific road to provide timely warnings about potential difficulties. The indicators control the physical variable (acceleration or speed) on a certain geometric element with reference to what is prescribed by the standard. For example, the acceleration indicators are normalized with respect to a threshold value while for speed indexes, the result depends on the difference between the end control points of the geometrical element. In both cases, international regulations report prescribed or recommended reference values, so the analyst is immediately aware of any critical issues in the maneuver.
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Rubtsova, Nina, and Sergey Perov. "O-318 POWER FREQUENCY ELECTRIC FIELD PROTECTIVE MEAN EFFICIENCY DIRECT AND INDIRECT METHODS COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.1213.
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Abstract Introduction Harmful electromagnetic field effects are an actual issue of electrical engineering staff occupational safety. Personal protective means are conductive suits based on Faraday cage at present. Conductive suits should decrease external power frequency of electric field levels up to permissible limit values for workers’ safety ensuring. Therefore, it is relevant to measure external electric field strength attenuation by shielding efficiency assessment that had standardized methods in Russia. The aim of the study was to compare the Russian method of personal protective means screening efficiency assessment with the standard test method according to IEC. Material and methods Shielding efficiency is determined by testing. The greatest difficulty lies in the evaluation of the effectiveness of IPM shielding, as the current hygienic standards consider the physical characteristics of a field, whereas in modern regulatory documents, shielding efficiency is considered as an external field indirect characteristic. The methods comparison were carried out by a test of personal protective means in four samples. The results were analyzed by means of linear approximation function to define screening efficiency obtained by both methods. Results Research data have shown the possibility of power frequency electric field attenuation evaluation for personal protective mean efficiency assessment. The data analysis in comparison with standardized IEC method has defined minimum requirements to personal protective mean screening efficiency measured by Russian standardized method. Conclusion Direct method using electric field strength measurement allows conductive suits manufacturers to predict maximum possible power frequency electric field decrease for compliance with permissible limit values at workplaces.
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Taranushina, I. I., and O. V. Popova. "Analysis of the Occupational Risk Management at the Enterprises during Lifting Equipment Operation." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 4 (April 2021): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-4-76-82.
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The model for assessing the levels of occupational risks was introduced and is used at the mechanical engineering enterprises during lifting equipment operation. The analysis of injuries carried out six months after the start of its use and familiarization of employees with the register and the level of hazards showed a decrease in risk levels in relation to previous periods. The results of the study of the procedure for managing occupational risks when working on three types of cranes are presented: electric bridge crane; gantry crane and single-girder electric supporting bridge crane. The first two listed cranes are installed at hazardous production facilities. After drawing up a plan for assessing occupational risks at the stage of risk identification, the method of questionnaires was used to collect information about production processes and determine the register of hazards. To analyze the work of the occupational health and safety management system, a multi-level control of the technological process and ensuring its safety was introduced. In practice, the relevance and availability of the Fine — Kinney method for assessing the levels of occupational risks was confirmed. When studying the significance of the impact of the procedures (elements) of the occupational health and safety management system on the probability of a hazard and, consequently, on the final level of occupational risk, the method of expert assessments was used. The methods for formalizing assessment results proposed and implemented in the organizations reflect all the stages of the process and provide answers at any stage of the study of the occupational risk levels. The measures developed based on the results of the assessment of occupational risk levels allow to maintain safe working conditions and prevent the occurrence of hazards that lead to injuries at work.
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Guo, Dongxu, Hailong Ren, Xuning Feng, Xuebing Han, Languang Lu, and Minggao Ouyang. "Battery Test Profile Generation Framework for Electric Vehicles." Batteries 9, no. 5 (April 29, 2023): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050256.
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This paper proposes a framework for generating a battery test profile that accounts for the complex operating conditions of electric vehicles, which is essential for ensuring the durability and safety of the battery system used in these vehicles. Additionally, such a test profile could potentially accelerate the development of electric vehicles. To achieve this objective, the study utilizes a simplified longitudinal dynamics model that incorporates various factors such as the drivetrain efficiency, battery system energy conversion efficiency, and regenerative braking efficiency. The battery test profile is based on the China light-duty vehicle test cycle-passenger car (CLTC-P) and is validated through testing on an electric vehicle with a chassis dynamometer. The results indicate a high degree of consistency between the generated and measured profiles, confirming the efficacy of the simplified longitudinal dynamics model.
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Chen, Minwu, Siyang Liu, Jiuguo Zhu, Chonghao Xie, Hang Tian, and Jianjun Li. "Effects and Characteristics of AC Interference on Parallel Underground Pipelines Caused by an AC Electrified Railway." Energies 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092255.
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An AC electrified railway can interfere significantly with parallel underground pipelines in a public transportation corridor. Such interference may threaten the long-term transportation and the operational safety of the pipelines. Therefore, this paper presents a mathematical model to illustrate the electromagnetic coupling between an AC electrified railway and nearby parallel underground pipelines. As the basis of the engineering calculation, an integration simulation model based on CDEGS software, which included an electrified railway and pipeline system, was built and its correctness was validated by comparing it with a mathematical model. Also, the effects of electric traction load parameters, pipeline parameters, and soil structure parameters were analyzed, the results of which demonstrate the distribution characteristics of AC interference on parallel underground pipelines. Using a real case in China as an example, protection measures were introduced to decrease coupling interference and their effectiveness was verified by simulation calculations and field measurements.
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Vega, Julio. "Control System for Indoor Safety Measures Using a Faster R-CNN Architecture." Electronics 12, no. 11 (May 24, 2023): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112378.
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This paper presents a control system for indoor safety measures using a Faster R-CNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Network) architecture. The proposed system aims to ensure the safety of occupants in indoor environments by detecting and recognizing potential safety hazards in real time, such as capacity control, social distancing, or mask use. Using deep learning techniques, the system detects these situations to be controlled, notifying the person in charge of the company if any of these are violated. The proposed system was tested in a real teaching environment at Rey Juan Carlos University, using Raspberry Pi 4 as a hardware platform together with an Intel Neural Stick board and a pair of PiCamera RGB (Red Green Blue) cameras to capture images of the environment and a Faster R-CNN architecture to detect and classify objects within the images. To evaluate the performance of the system, a dataset of indoor images was collected and annotated for object detection and classification. The system was trained using this dataset, and its performance was evaluated based on precision, recall, and F1 score. The results show that the proposed system achieved a high level of accuracy in detecting and classifying potential safety hazards in indoor environments. The proposed system includes an efficiently implemented software infrastructure to be launched on a low-cost hardware platform, which is affordable for any company, regardless of size or revenue, and it has the potential to be integrated into existing safety systems in indoor environments such as hospitals, warehouses, and factories, to provide real-time monitoring and alerts for safety hazards. Future work will focus on enhancing the system’s robustness and scalability to larger indoor environments with more complex safety hazards.
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Magoha, Leah, Elias C. Nyanza, Moses Asori, and Deborah S. K. Thomas. "Informal welders’ occupational safety and environmental health risks in northwestern Tanzania." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): e0002923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002923.
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Often with minimal formal training and protections, informal welders face significant occupational health and safety (OSH) risks. This cross-sectional study of 219 adult informal welders at 70 informal welding sites in Mwanza City, Tanzania aimed to: 1) capture knowledge and awareness of occupational risks and safety precautions, training, and self-reported work-related injuries and illness and 2) observe worker use of personal protective equipment and site safety. We hypothesized that knowledge, awareness, and site inspections would improve use of PPE and that improved safety and site inspections would reduce self-reported injuries and illness. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to model all relationships. Robust standard error estimation was used to avoid overestimation of parameters. Having a post-secondary education (aβ = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.962, 1.061; p = 0. 0679), having training in OSH (aβ = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.872, 0.984, p = 0.014), increased knowledge of occupational risks (aβ = 1.305, 95% CI: 1.143, 1.491; p<0.001), and knowledge of safety measures (aβ = 1.112, 95% CI: 0.881, 1.404; p = 0.372) increased PPE use by 1%, 7.3%, 30.5%, and 11.2% respectively. Workers who used PPE were less likely to experience fire explosions (AOR = 0.149, 95% CI: 0.029, 0.751; p = 0.02), radiation exposure (AOR = 0.097, 95% CI: 0.016, 0.579, p = 0.01) or electric shocks (AOR = 0.012; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.11, p<0.001). Having increased knowledge of safety practices also decreased the odds of fire explosions (AOR = 0.075, 95% CI: 0.018, 0.314; p<0.001). Those with higher knowledge of occupational risk (aβ = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.404, 1.756; p<0.001) and safety measures (aβ = 1.628, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.978; p<0.001) were more likely to have more positive attitudes towards safety practices. Our findings suggest that comprehensive targeted interventions including increased knowledge of occupational risks, safety practices, and occupational health law through training, along with enforcement and inspection by government officials, would benefit the environmental and occupational health for informal welders.
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Suo, Chunguang, Ran Wei, Wenbin Zhang, and Yincheng Li. "Research on the Three-Dimensional Power Frequency Electric Field Measurement System." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 18, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8859022.
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It is of great significance to accurately provide electric field information for electric power operators and electric power inspection equipment to ensure the safety of live working robots and electric power workers. In this paper, the principle of parallel plate charge induction is used to detect electric field signals and the influence of the inherent capacitance of the parallel plate on the back-end circuit is considered. An equipotential ring is used as the structure of the sensing unit to eliminate the uncertainty generated by the edge electric field. The parameters of the sensor probe are determined by the principle of differential-integration, and its structure is analyzed and designed. The consistency of the designed sensor probe was analyzed, and the results show that the consistency of the sensor is better. We have measured the sensitivity coefficients of the six probes, and the average absolute deviation reached 0.031556. The fits were all above 0.9995. In addition, a three-dimensional power frequency electric field measurement system that is easy to manufacture is designed using the hexahedral structure, which solves the problem of inaccurate electric field measurement caused by the parallel plate probe and the field source being not perpendicular, and the combined field strength formula of nonuniform electric field was obtained. In the laboratory environment, the three-dimensional power frequency electric field measurement system produced in this paper is compared with the electric field simulated by an electric field simulation tool. The test results show that the deviation between the measurement system and simulation is within ±0.55%, the measurement range is 1 kV/m–200 kV/m, the resolution is ≥1 V/m, and the maximum electric field can be measured at 200 kV/m. The nonlinear error is 2.15%, and the sensitivity coefficient is 19.10 mV / kV · m − 1 , which meets the measurement requirements of the power frequency electric field and can be applied to the actual power frequency electric field measurement.
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Li, De Li, Jun Hua Xue, Zhen Gang Zhao, Ying Na Li, Tao Xie, Xin Xiong, and Chuan Li. "Application of Fiber Bragg Grating Earth Pressure Sensor in Safety Monitoring for Electric Steel Tower Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.365.
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Power transmission tower is an important part of power transmission equipment. The tower foundation is suffered by landslides, debris flows, erections of foundation settlement and so on. The power transmission tower near Yanjin transformer substation is selected to be measured. By using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) earth pressure sensor, the earth pressure of tower foundation is measured. The long-term monitoring data indicate that the #1 sensor daily variations amplitude of earth pressure is 7.22KPa, and the #2 sensor daily variations amplitude of earth pressure is 4.69KPa. In the 479 days, the rangeability of average data is 61.55KPa in sensor #1 and 64.05KPa in sensor #2. Compared with the local precipitation, the earth pressure of tower foundation is seasonal change. According to the history data, the warning threshold value is set as 280KPa.
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Ma, Wenqing, Yini Zhu, Manel Grifoll, Guiyun Liu, and Pengjun Zheng. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Active and Passive Safety Measures in Preventing Ship–Bridge Collision." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 2857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082857.
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The risk of ship–bridge collisions should be evaluated using advanced models to consider different anti-collision and bridge-protection measures. This study aimed to propose a method to evaluate the effectiveness of active and passive safety measures in preventing ship–bridge collision. A novel ship–bridge collision probability formulation taking into consideration different safety measures was proposed. The model was applied at Jintang Bridge in China where the surrounding vessel traffic is ultra-crowded. We calculated the collision probability between the bridge and passing traffic using automatic identification system (AIS) data, Monte Carlo simulation, and Bayesian networks. Results under four different safety measures (i.e., active measures, passive measures, both measures and none) were analyzed and compared. The analysis concluded that both active and passive safety measures are effective in reducing the ship–bridge collision probability. Active measures, if deployed properly, can provide protection at an equivalent level than passive measures against collision risks. However, passive measures, such as setting arresting cables, are necessary in cases where the response time of the active measures is long. The proposed method and the results obtained from the case study may be useful for robust and systematic effectiveness evaluation of safety measures in other cases worldwide.
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HSU, YEN-TSENG, and CHEN-FA HSU. "Novel model of intermittent faults for reliability and safety measures in long-life computer systems." International Journal of Electronics 71, no. 6 (December 1991): 917–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207219108925535.
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