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1
Kong, Yuyao, Ajay Nemali, Cary Mitchell, and Krishna Nemali. "Spectral Quality of Light Can Affect Energy Consumption and Energy-use Efficiency of Electrical Lighting in Indoor Lettuce Farming." HortScience 54, no. 5 (May 2019): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13834-18.
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High energy-use cost for electric lighting is one of the major issues challenging sustainability of the indoor lettuce-farming industry. Thus, maximizing electrical energy-use efficiency (EUE, g·KWh−1), defined as the ratio of dry matter production (g) to electrical energy consumption (EEC, KWh−1), is crucial during indoor production. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are energy efficient and highly suitable for indoor farms. Research on optimal spectral quality of LEDs for lettuce growth is extensive; however, there is limited research examining LED spectral quality effects on EEC and EUE. Photon efficiency, defined as the ratio of light output to electrical energy input (PE, µmol·J−1), generally is used for selection of LED fixtures. Because PE does not account for differences in emitted light spectrum, it is not clear whether light-fixture selection based on PE can maximize EUE in lettuce production. This study comprised two experiments. In Expt. 1, we used four “phosphor-converted” commercial LEDs with different light intensities and spectra to model the effect of light spectral quality on lettuce shoot dry weight (SDW), EEC, and EUE. We also evaluated relations between EUE vs. PE and EUE vs. PER (PE based on red light) for indoor lettuce production. Results indicated that light spectral quality affected SDW, EEC, and EUE in lettuce production. Fitted models indicated that EEC increased linearly with increasing percentage of red-light output and was unaffected by other spectral colors or ratios. However, EUE increased in a curvilinear fashion with an increasing ratio of red to blue (R:B) light and reached a maximum at a ratio of 4.47. Similar to EUE, SDW also responded in a curvilinear fashion to R:B. Results also indicated that EUE correlated poorly with PE but linearly to PER. In Expt. 2, we grew three lettuce varieties under two commercial LED fixtures. They had similar levels of PE but different percentages of red, R:B, and PER values. Regardless of the variety, fixtures with greater percentages of red, R:B, and PER significantly increased EUE. We conclude that red-light quality is an important determinant of EUE and growers should select fixtures based on R:B and high PER in indoor lettuce farming.
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Bayneva, I. I., V. A. Vedyashkin, A. P. Goroshkov, and V. A. Mashin. "FEATURES OF MODELING LIGHTING PRODUCTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF INDUSTRY 4.0." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 314 (May 2023): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2023.05.pp.052-056.
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Computer modeling in lighting engineering is a new interdisciplinary area of professional activity that is in demand in the modern lighting market. A specialist in the field of computer modeling in lighting engineering, in addition to knowledge of lighting engineering and lighting devices, requires a high level of knowledge of Industry 4.0 resources, in particular, information technology and specialized software. Competencies in the field of computer design in lighting technology provide great opportunities in creative and professional activities, in particular, in the field of computer lighting design. When developing a lighting installation, it is mandatory to carry out lighting calculations by modeling the distribution of light in space. For this purpose, programs for scene visualization and lighting calculations are used. With the help of the developed model, the light distribution and location of lighting devices are determined, the processing and rendering of illuminated objects is carried out. An important application is additive technologies and the production of lighting fixtures.
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Ganesan, P., S. Rajakarunakaran, M. Thirugnanasambandam, and D. Devaraj. "Estimation of Energy and Carbon Saving Potential in Industrial Lighting System." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.272.
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A targeted energy analysis was carried out in a textile industry focusing on lighting system. It is observed from the study that the industry can replace the existing TL-D 36 W/54 fluorescent tube lights with energy efficient TL-5 28 W/865 fluorescent tube lights with electronic ballast. This has resulted in energy saving of 206388 kWh per annum. The corresponding CO2 mitigation is estimated at 167.174 t CO2/annum. An experiment was conducted to identify the exact light intensity of the proposed lighting system. The result shows that the light intensity has reduced by 11.1 % which is insignificant compared to energy saving and CO2 mitigation. The investment for the new lighting fixtures is estimated at INR 0.468 million with cost saving of INR 1.65 million which has return on investment of just 3.3 months.
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Kikuchi, Yoshihiko. "Development of the Electric Light Bulb Industry in Japan." Japanese Research in Business History 28 (2011): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5029/jrbh.28.105.
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Asojo, Abimbola O. "Linking Education with Industry: Pedagogical models from lighting design." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v1i1.17.
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This article discusses an industry collaboration where interior design students designed and built light fixtures that exemplified a company’s product line via social media. The design challenge was to conceptualize and build a fixture that uses sustainable materials that exemplifies Groovy stuff’s product line. Groovy stuff provided the class with a bill of materials kit and feedback via Facebook. Student’s final fixture prototypes were informed by research, collaboration with Groovy stuff via social media, parametric modeling, and digital fabrication techniques.2398-4295 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Industry collaboration; lighting design; interior design; sustainability
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Zhang, Wanming. "Comparative Analysis of Existing Policies in the Electric Vehicle Industry in China and the United States." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 86, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/86/20240736.
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As the electric vehicle industry grows and global climate issues become more serious, this paper compares U.S. and Chinese policies in the electric vehicle industry in four areas: electric vehicle industry supply chain, electric light-duty vehicle segment, electric heavy-duty vehicle segment, and electric vehicle supply equipment, to analyze the existing policies in the two countries. This paper analyzes whether the existing policies in the two countries are up-to-date, practical, and effective. In addition, this paper analyzes the similarities and differences between existing policies in China and the U.S. based on factors such as the international environment, political framework, technological development, and energy reserves. In general, there is a trend in both countries to shift the focus of policy support from the electric light-duty vehicle segment to the electric vehicle industry supply chain and electric vehicle supply equipment. Compared to the U.S., China has made greater efforts to promote pure electric vehicles than plug-in hybrids.
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Raggiunto, Sara, Alberto Belli, Lorenzo Palma, Piergiovanni Ceregioli, Massimo Gattari, and Paola Pierleoni. "An Efficient Method for LED Light Sources Characterization." Electronics 8, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101089.
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Digital LED drivers capable of blending the spectrum of two LED fixtures with different Correlated Color Temperatures through the LEDs’ power supply control are widespread. However, the digital control of lighting systems is possible only after a careful study of the LED’s response, in terms of illuminance and Correlated Color Temperature. The proposed work takes advantage of the Tunable White technology for the realization of an efficient method for LED light source characterization. In order to evaluate how the light changes as a function of the electric power supplied by the LED drivers, an experimental setup to characterize LED light sources has been designed. Starting from the data acquired from the experimental setup, a model for dimming the LED driver and obtaining the desired values of quality of light has been developed. The proposed model is based on the least squares method and its accuracy is evaluated by comparing the obtained values of illuminance and Correlated Color Temperature with those measured by an illuminance spectrophotometer. Results achieved an error of 0.3% for Correlated Color Temperature and 1.5% for illuminance using the proposed approximation functions.
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Pereira, Priscilla A., Tadayuki Yanagi Junior, Joaquim P. da Silva, Renato R. de Lima, Alessandro T. Campos, and Lucas H. P. Abreu. "Technical evaluation of artificial ligthing systems for broiler houses." Engenharia Agrícola 32, no. 6 (December 2012): 1011–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162012000600002.
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The spatial distribution of illuminance and the electric consumption of artificial lighting system is one of the main problems related to broiler production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of luminance level and energy efficiency of different lighting systems for broiler houses. Six types of lamps were tested in two different configurations to find the minimum illuminance of 20 and 5 lux. The tested lamps were incandescent (IL) 100 W, compact fluorescent (CFL) 34 W, mixed (ML) 160 W, sodium vapor (SVL) 70 W, T8 fluorescent tube (T8 FTL) 40 W and T5 fluorescent tube (T5 FTL) 28 W. The first four were evaluated with and without reflective light fixture and the latter two without light fixture. It was observed that the tested system with light fixtures negatively affected the spatial distribution of illuminance inside the house. The systems composed by IL and ML without light fixture led to better results in meeting the minimum illuminance of 20 lux and 5 lux, respectively. T5 FTL presented the lowest energy demand.
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Sysoeva, Elena V. "A Retrospective of Artificial Lighting from Ancient Times to the Present Day." Light & Engineering, no. 02-2023 (April 2023): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2023-002.
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A retrospective of the origin and development of light sources is given depending on the history of human development and the creation of fundamental sciences: mathematics, physics, and electrical engineering. Four stages of development and creation of artificial light sources in buildings and structures are proposed. A detailed description of the pre-electric period (regular use of fire by the man; the Bronze Age, the middle Ages and modernity) is presented. The second period begins with the opening of the voltaic arc, which can be called the beginning of the electric period. Illustrations of each discovery with lighting of rooms and buildings of the corresponding period are presented. The period of inventions, which led to the beginning of the third, gas lighting period, is described. This period includes, among other things, the combined use of gas lighting devices with electric lighting and combined gas-electric lighting. The fourth period begins at the beginning of the third millennium and continues to the present. During this period new alternative lighting sources appear along with incandescent lamps and gas-electric sources. Lighting engineering is becoming an independent branch of science and is being studied in all universities of our country, which increases the rate of appearance of new inventions and types of calculation. There are such lighting sources as fluorescent and LED lamps and fixtures. At the end of the article, the opinions of scientists on the prospects for the development of artificial lighting according to various criteria are presented. The article is provided with a large number of illustrations for all stages of development.
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Li, Tie Yun. "Mercury Processing in PVC Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.381.
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Mercury is highly toxic heavy metal pollution attracted the attention of the world. This paper analyzes the situation the main industry in mercury use PVC production. Manufacture of battery, electric light, medical equipment in China. Furthermore, it discusses the details of the best technology the use of mercury emissions reduction and mercury control in that industry. The result is that certain technologies such as low mercury. In PVC industry catalyst, as mercury battery, amalgam substituted Mercury and LED light in the electric light source industry, electronics the thermometer and blood pressure in the medical device industry and so on, reduce mercury able to make full use of and emission reduction in risk mercury pollution to the environment.
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Craver, Joshua K., Jennifer K. Boldt, and Roberto G. Lopez. "Comparison of Supplemental Lighting Provided by High-pressure Sodium Lamps or Light-emitting Diodes for the Propagation and Finishing of Bedding Plants in a Commercial Greenhouse." HortScience 54, no. 1 (January 2019): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13471-18.
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High-quality young plant production in northern latitudes requires supplemental lighting (SL) to achieve a recommended daily light integral (DLI) of 10 to 12 mol·m−2·d−1. High-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps have been the industry standard for providing SL in greenhouses. However, high-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) fixtures providing blue, white, red, and/or far-red radiation have recently emerged as a possible alternative to HPS lamps for greenhouse SL. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to 1) quantify the morphology and nutrient concentration of common and specialty bedding plant seedlings grown under no SL, or SL from HPS lamps or LED fixtures; and 2) determine whether SL source during propagation or finishing influences finished plant quality or flowering. The experiment was conducted at a commercial greenhouse in West Lafayette, IN. Seeds of New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri ‘Divine Blue Pearl’), French marigold (Tagetes patula ‘Bonanza Deep Orange’), gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii ‘Terracotta’), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida ‘Single Dreams White’), ornamental millet (Pennisetum glaucum ‘Jester’), pepper (Capsicum annuum ‘Hot Long Red Thin Cayenne’), and zinnia (Zinnia elegans ‘Zahara Fire’) were sown in 128-cell trays. On germination, trays were placed in a double-poly greenhouse under a 16-hour photoperiod of ambient solar radiation and photoperiodic lighting from compact fluorescent lamps providing a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 2 µmol·m−2·s−1 (ambient conditions) or SL from either HPS lamps or LED fixtures providing a PPFD of 70 µmol·m−2·s−1. After propagation, seedlings were transplanted and finished under SL provided by the same HPS lamps or LED fixtures in a separate greenhouse environment. Overall, seedlings produced under SL were of greater quality [larger stem caliper, increased number of nodes, lower leaf area ratio (LAR), and greater dry mass accumulation] than those produced under no SL. However, seedlings produced under HPS or LED SL were comparable in quality. Although nutrient concentrations were greatest under ambient conditions, select macro- and micronutrient concentrations also were greater under HPS compared with LED SL. SL source during propagation and finishing had little effect on flowering and finished plant quality. Although these results indicate little difference in plant quality based on SL source, they further confirm the benefits gained from using SL for bedding plant production. In addition, with both SL sources producing a similar finished product, growers can prioritize other factors related to SL installations such as energy savings, fixture price, and fixture lifespan.
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Simcoe, Charles R. "Aluminum: The Light Metal, Part II." AM&P Technical Articles 172, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2014-10.p032.
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Abstract The cost of electric power is the biggest expense involved in aluminum production. Proximity to economical power sources determined the location of major aluminum reduction plants. This article describes the development of the aluminum industry in the early part of the twentieth century.
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Hamzah, Hanafi, Muhammad Shahrim Ab Karim, Yuhanis Abd Aziz, and Azilah Kasim. "Environmental awareness, initiatives and performance in the small- and medium-scale enterprise hotel industry of Malaysia." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v8i1.7700.
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This paper examines the environmental awareness, initiatives and performance in the Malaysia Small- and Medium-Scale Enterprise (SME) hotel industry revealing that most hotel managers actively introduce initiatives that contribute to cost savings. The main purpose of this paper aims to examine the environmental awareness, initiatives and performance in Malaysia SME hotel industry. A mixed research method was adopted involving quantitative surveys with 252 hotels in Malaysia and 11 face-to-face interviews with the selected hotel managers, facilities managers and engineers. Responses from the surveys and interviews with 252 managers show that SME hotels in Malaysia have a high level of environmental awareness. Most hoteliers actively introduce initiatives that contribute to cost savings. Initiatives including using energy conservation light bulbs, having an active system to detect/repair lacking facilities and installing water conserving fixtures are widely implemented, while programs involving using solar lawn light, recycling leftover food and reusing wastewater. Major barriers for going green include the lack of government regulations on environmental management systems (EMS), financial constraints, the lack of employees to handle EMS and the fear that environmental initiatives may negatively impact the guest’s experience, especially customers who expect enjoying the luxuries services in Malaysia hotels. Lower star hotels experience more difficulties in adopting green approaches. This paper presents a single case study of Malaysia; therefore, the results in this research may have limited generalizability.
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Wang, Xiang Ning, Ying Chen, and Jing Li. "Design of Building Electric Energy Saving." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1570.
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With the rapid development of the construction industry, people pay more and more attention to the huge energy consumption of buildings. To promote energy-saving design is the only way to improve the present situation. The electric lighting accounts for 15% ~25% of the total consumption of buildings, which directly affect the effect of energy saving. Therefore, to promote energy-saving design of the electric lighting, such as using natural light, using efficient energy-saving light source, using reasonable lighting system, using efficient lighting control system decreasing the invalid energy consumption of the electric lighting system itself and so on is really the key to decrease the energy consumption level of buildings.
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Oe, Hiroko, and Yasuyuki Yamaoka. "Exploring socioeconomic factors for the sustainability of electric guitar brands: focusing on traditional values and psychological attachment." SocioEconomic Challenges 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.61093/sec.7(4).36-53.2023.
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The primary objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive quantitative analysis to investigate the factors influencing the purchase of electric guitars. Building upon prior research related to the decision-making process behind electric guitar purchases, our research took a quantitative approach to shed light on this intricate process. We designed and tested six hypotheses, utilizing structural equation modeling to analyze a dataset consisting of 433 responses collected within the electric guitar community. The results of our study have uncovered intriguing insights into the factors that drive purchase intention among electric guitar enthusiasts. Notably, two out of the six variables examined, namely ‘Brand’ and ‘Heritage Value,’ were found to exert a significant impact on consumers’ intentions to purchase electric guitars. This discovery carries profound implications for the industry. It is worth highlighting that electric guitars possess inherent features that can enhance a player’s skill and convenience through cutting-edge digital technology. However, our findings reveal that players place a higher emphasis on the perceived heritage value and brand identity of electric guitars, which take precedence over their functional attributes when making guitar selection decisions. This preference for cultural and emotional aspects over utilitarian features is a significant revelation. In light of the current state of the electric guitar industry, which is experiencing a decline, our research suggests that emphasizing and promoting the heritage and brand values of electric guitars could prove instrumental in retaining existing customers and attracting new ones. This strategic shift could serve to revitalize the industry and counter the challenges posed by advancements in technology. In summary, our study reaffirms the importance of cultural and emotional elements in consumers’ decisions regarding electric guitar purchases, underscoring the need for industry players to adapt and focus on these aspects to remain competitive in a changing market landscape.
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Wan, Yim King Penny, Sow Hup Joanne Chan, and Hui Lan Wendy Huang. "Environmental awareness, initiatives and performance in the hotel industry of Macau." Tourism Review 72, no. 1 (April 18, 2017): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-06-2016-0016.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the environmental awareness, initiatives and performance in the Macau hotel industry. Design/methodology/approach A mixed research method was adopted involving quantitative surveys with 31 hotels in Macau and 11 face-to-face interviews with the hotel managers, facilities managers and engineers. Findings Response from surveys and interviews with 31 hoteliers show that hotels in Macau have a high level of environmental awareness. Most hoteliers actively introduce initiatives that contribute to cost savings. Initiatives including using energy conservation light bulbs, having an active system to detect/repair leaking facilities and installing water conserving fixtures are widely implemented, while programs involving using solar lawn light, recycling leftover food and reusing wastewater are not. Major barriers for going green include the lack of government regulations on environmental management (EM), financial constraints, the lack of employees to handle EM and the fear that environmental initiatives may negatively impact the guest’s experience, especially those VIP and hardcore gamblers and customers who expect enjoying the luxuries services in Macau hotels. Lower star hotels experience more difficulties in adopting green approaches. Research limitations/implications This paper presents a single case study of Macau; therefore, the results in this research may have limited generalizability. Originality/value This paper is one of the very few attempts that investigate EM in Macau – a renowned world tourism and gambling destination, where the vast majority of hotels have their casino facilities. Results show that apart from the financial consideration and the lack of government enforcement to adopt green measures similar to hotels in other destinations, EM practices of Macau’s hotels are also constrained by its customer base and the acute shortage of human resources that is caused by the tourism boom.
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Fulton, Lawrence, Bradley Beauvais, Matthew Brooks, Clemens Scott Kruse, and Kimberly Lee. "A Publicly Available Cost Simulation of Sustainable Construction Options for Residential Houses." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072873.
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A major consideration for consumers and the residential construction industry is the cost–benefit and break-even of various sustainable construction options. This research provides a publicly available simulation that allows users to compare baseline construction options versus sustainable options and evaluates both break-even costs as well as environmental effects. This R Shiny Monte Carlo simulation uses common pseudo-random number streams for replicability and includes options for solar, rainwater harvesting, wells, Icynene foam, engineered lumber, Energy Star windows and doors, low flow fixtures, aerobic/non-aerobic/city waste treatment, electric versus gasoline vehicles, and many other options. This is the first simulation to quantify multiple sustainable construction options, associated break-even points, and environmental considerations for public use. Using user default parameters, coupled with a 100% solar solution for a baseline 3000 square foot/279 square meter house with 2 occupants results in a break-even of 9 years. Results show that many of the sustainable options are both green for the environment and green for the pocketbook.
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Si, Qingmin, Junyan Li, Yonghang Zhao, Kai Zhai, and Hang Wang. "ENGAGEMENT RELIABILITY ANALYSIS METHOD OF ELECTRIC LIGHT AIRCRAFT BASED ON FAILURE MODE EFFECTS AND CRITICALITY ANALYSIS." DYNA 99, no. 4 (July 1, 2024): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52152/d11205.
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The reliability level of electric light aircraft is the core index to judge the flight safety level of this type of vehicle. As such, developing an objective measure to determine such reliability has been the focus of current research in the industry and the academia. In this study, a reliability analysis index system that includes four first-level indexes and 14 second-level indexes was constructed for electric light aircraft from the perspective of intrinsic safety. Based on failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA), a table depicting the failure probability of the main components and elements of electric light aircraft and the subsequent effects was designed. Then, the hazard degree of key components was determined. Next, a calculation model for the criticality of electric light aircraft was established based on the failure probability and reliability function and the failure probability and distribution function. Finally, a fitting function based on probability distribution and criticality was constructed with a two-seater electric light aircraft as an example. The criticality of the electric light aircraft was calculated, and the overall reliability level of the aircraft was obtained. Results show that the key components of the electric light aircraft can be effectively identified based on FMECA theory. Furthermore, the criticality of the components is directly proportional to the own criticality and failure probability of the aircraft. The order of criticality of the application objects is as follows: electric motor, needle roller bearing, brake pump, relay, front torque arm, lithium battery, and front upper pillar. The obtained conclusion provides a theoretical reference for the design and reliability evaluation of electric light aircraft. Key Words: Electric light aircraft; failure mode and effects analysis; probability distribution function; key components; criticality
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PEDRERO MOYA, JOSE IGNACIO, ELENA VICENTE GONZALEZ, and EDGAR ANEAS MORENO. "DESIGN OF GEAR REDUCER FOR VEHICLE POWERED BY IN-WHEEL ELECTRIC MOTOR." DYNA 97, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10494.
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Electric vehicles with cleaner, cheaper, and more efficient powertrain technologies are being developed by the automotive industry to reduce emissions and make cities more liveable. This imposes weight and size restrictions on the electric powertrain to lower the energy consumption, to leave enough room for the batteries, and to minimize the unsprung mass, in the case of vehicles driven by in-wheel electric motors. This paper presents the design of gear reducer for in-wheel electric motor as small and light as possible.
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Chen, Andrew Y. "Analysis on technical challenges and prospects of electric aircraft." Applied and Computational Engineering 59, no. 1 (May 7, 2024): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/59/20240815.
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Electric aviation has become a focal point in addressing environmental concerns within the aviation industry, while the implementation of all-electric aviation is still fraught with difficulties. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of electric aviation, encompassing critical aspects like energy density, battery technology, electric motor design, safety considerations, and economic impacts. The paper discusses the pivotal role of energy density, which significantly influences the performance and range of electric aircraft. Further, battery technology advancements are emphasized, aiming to overcome existing limitations. The paper also scrutinizes electric motor design, highlighting innovations like high-temperature superconductors and innovative permanent magnet configurations. Safety concerns related to electric aviation components, such as electronic switches and power electronic converters, are also discussed. Additionally, the paper evaluates the economic aspects, shedding light on potential cost savings and financial challenges, ultimately serving as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders navigating the evolving landscape of electric aviation in the pursuit of sustainable air travel. The paper seeks to offer valuable perspectives on the present status of electric aviation.
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Kim, Do-Hyun, Min-Soo Kim, Sarvar Hussain Nengroo, Chang-Hee Kim, and Hee-Je Kim. "LLC Resonant Converter for LEV (Light Electric Vehicle) Fast Chargers." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030362.
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This paper presents a Light Electric Vehicle (LEV) fast charger with a Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) and Super-Capacitor (SC). The LEV fast charger consists of an AC/DC rectifier and LLC (Inductor-Inductor-Capacitor) resonant Full bridge converter. The LLC resonant converter has high-efficiency and low switching loss because of Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). So, it is used widely in the industry. In general, the fast charger algorithm uses the Constant Current (CC) mode and Constant Voltage (CV). The CC mode starts at first and then the CV mode finishes. However, there is a big control value gap between the CC mode and CV mode. Therefore, when changing from CC to CV, the transient state occurs. To compensate for the transient state, we propose a new control algorithm. By means of this algorithm, we can achieve a higher level of safety and stability. The fast charger with LIB of 800 Wh and SC of 50 Wh is analyzed and verified, and we obtain a maximum efficiency of 96.4%. The discussions are validated using the LLC resonant full bridge converter prototype at the laboratory level.
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Baitsar, Roman, and Andrii Telishevskyi. "Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Construction Industry." Energy engineering and control systems 10, no. 1 (2024): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jeecs2024.01.035.
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Technological advances in the field of electronics, such as miniature electromechanical devices and small powerful electric motors, have made it possible to develop small and light devices, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Recently, civilian UAVs are rapidly gaining popularity. Undoubtedly, UAVs will be used for many services in the future. There is already a growing demand for such fields of application of unmanned aerial vehicles as agriculture, emergency services, energy, fuel, mining, construction, geodesy (cartography), transportation, etc. Thanks to modern technologies it possible to produce light and low-power but accurate sensors that can be used by controllers with high computing power and low energy consumption. This makes it possible to develop complex control systems for UAVs that can be implemented on board. Today’s quadcopters are used for design, surveillance, search, construction inspections, and a variety of other applications.
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Shen, Min, and Liangqiu Lv. "On Translation of Electric Power English from the Perspective of Translation Aesthetics." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 8, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0805.13.
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The translation of electric power English is getting prominent with the expanding of national grid and frequent exchanges of power industry among countries. From the perspective of translation aesthetics, electric power English translation is a language transformation activity that combines science and art together. Beginning with introduction to translation aesthetics theory and electric power English, under three criteria for judging aesthetic value of electric power English, this paper shall probe into the beauty of accuracy, conciseness, rhetoric and logic of electric power English and its translation. On the basis of analysis, translation techniques are proposed to represent these beauties in light of translation aesthetics.
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Barbosa-Cánovas, G. V., M. M. Góngora-Nieto, and B. G. Swanson. "Nonthermal electrical methods in food preservation/Métodos eléctricos no térmicos para la conservación de alimentos." Food Science and Technology International 4, no. 5 (October 1998): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329800400508.
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Nonthermal methods to preserve foods, such as pulsed electric fields, light pulses, and oscillating magnetic fields, are gaining attention within the food industry and research laboratories. They offer sound alternatives to conventional thermal processes where quality aspects and costs are becoming a concern.
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Reich, Leonard S. "Lighting the Path to Profit: GE's Control of the Electric Lamp Industry, 1892–1941." Business History Review 66, no. 2 (1992): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116940.
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Founded in 1892, General Electric set out to dominate the American electrical industry. This article is an explanation of how the company accomplished this goal in the highly profitable electric lamp (“light bulb”) market. GE's techniques included technology leadership through in-house development and the purchase of patent rights, discriminatory agreements with suppliers based on market power, and cartel arrangements of various sorts, both foreign and domestic. The article shows how one company was able to use financial and market power, combined with early control of a rapidly developing technology, to gain and then hold a major American market for half a century.
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De Mergelina González-Santander, Pablo, and Isaac Lemus-Aguilar. "Current Innovation Sources Driving The Spanish Electric Power Sector." Ingeniería e Investigación 41, no. 3 (May 10, 2021): e85377. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v41n3.85377.
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Renewable energy is not simply the cornerstone of a transition, but an entire electric power revolution. However, which are the technologies with which power companies are going to redesign the electricity industry? Interviews were conducted with innovation managers of the biggest power companies in Spain to shed some light on the innovation sources upon which the electric power system of the future is based. The results revealed that renewable electricity represents a complete paradigm shift. Until now, the system’s net electricity balance has been achieved by adjusting power generation to its demand. However, in a renewable system, electricity generation is limited by and depends on environmental resources, so it cannot be sufficiently controlled to meet the demand at all times. Therefore, it is the electricity consumption that must be adjusted to generation. It was concluded that there are currently nine innovation sources that are redesigning the industry: renewable energy, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, Industry 4.0, smart grids, blockchain, distributed and selfconsumption generation, smart client, and demand side response. Moreover, it was found that system regulations established by governments, business sustainability plans, and open innovation by startups play key roles in the development of innovation.
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Morata, Antonio. "Emerging Trends in Beverage Processing." Beverages 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages7010008.
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Beverage processing is open to new technologies; among them, nonthermal physical technologies such as discontinuous hydrostatic pressure (HHP), ultrahigh-pressure homogenization (UHPH), pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound (US), atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP), or pulsed light (PL) are growing increasingly in the food industry [...]
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Gonçalves, Frederico, Liselene de Abreu Borges, and Rodrigo Batista. "Electric Vehicle Charging Data Analytics of Corporate Fleets." World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13120237.
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The advances in electric mobility, motivated by current sustainability issues, have led public and private organizations to invest in the electrification of their corporate fleets. To succeed in this transition, companies must mitigate the impacts of electrification on their fleet operation, in particular the ones on vehicle recharging. The increase in energy demand caused by electrification may require changes in the company electrical infrastructure, the installation of charging stations, and the proper planning of the recharging schedule, considering the particularities of each fleet and operation. In this context, data analytics is seen as an important tool to help companies to understand their charging fleet profile, supporting decision makers in making data-driven decisions regarding their charging infrastructure. This paper shows how data analytics could be applied to analyze the charging data of corporate electric fleets, adopting a business-oriented analysis method based on the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology. The analyses were performed on data collected from three different companies, with each one of them operating fleets of vehicles of different categories, i.e., ultra-light, light, and heavy vehicles. The results illustrate how data analytics, based on interactive reports and dashboards, can shed light on business questions related to the operation of electric vehicle corporate fleets.
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Lu, Yun, Wei Jia Li, Xiao Wang, and Jian Feng Li. "Research on Optimization of the Electric Cylinder Buffer Made in Polyurethane." Advanced Materials Research 813 (September 2013): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.813.108.
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The buffer made with polyurethane is widely used in light industry, automotive industry and mechanical industry especially in the electric cylinder of small and medium sizes because of its compact structure, economics and process ability convenient. Firstly, the properties of nonlinear material and the constitutive relation of the polyurethane were analyzed, above on which the compression and shear tests of the polyurethane material were conducted to determine its physics parameters. Then the mechanical tests of polyurethane material were simulated in the finite element simulation software ABAQUS by input the parameters obtained from the mechanical tests. The parameters were proved to be correct by the testimony of the result of the simulation and the mechanical tests. Then buffers of different sizes with practical condition were simulated. During the simulation, this paper researched the maximum deceleration of the mass block in models with different sizes of polyurethane buffers. Lastly, the size of the buffer with minimum volume which is agreed with the request of the maximum deceleration of the mass block is obtained by data handling, above on which a database was built.
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Baba, Tamana, Muhammad Hazeeq Husni, Norazlina Saidin, and Nurul Fadzlin Hasbullah. "Effect of proton radiation on gallium nitride light emitting diodes." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i1.6205.
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The compound semiconductor gallium nitride offers enormous potential for facilitating economic expansion in the silicon-based semiconductor industry, which is currently seeing decreasing performance returns compared to investment costs. Its high electron mobility and electric field strength at the material level have already demonstrated enormous potential for photonics and high-frequency communications applications. However, its application in devices used in the radiation-prone environment is hindered by degradation and failure caused by the radiation. In this paper, the effect of proton radiation on the electrical properties of InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) for the fluence range of 1×1014 cm-2 to 3×1014 cm-2 is performed. On comparing the results before and after radiation, it is found that radiation mainly affected the reverse IV characteristics of the device with little or no effect on forward IV or CV characteristics. Apart from the electric properties, the optical properties of the LEDs show improvement after radiation as the light intensity increases post-irradiation.
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Both, Arend-Jan, Bruce Bugbee, Chieri Kubota, Roberto G. Lopez, Cary Mitchell, Erik S. Runkle, and Claude Wallace. "Proposed Product Label for Electric Lamps Used in the Plant Sciences." HortTechnology 27, no. 4 (August 2017): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03648-16.
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Electric lamps are widely used to supplement sunlight (supplemental lighting) and daylength extension (photoperiodic lighting) for the production of horticultural crops in greenhouses and controlled environments. Recent advances in light-emitting diode (LED) technology now provide the horticultural industry with multiple lighting options. However, growers are unable to compare technologies and LED options because of insufficient data on lamp performance metrics. Here, we propose a standardized product label that facilitates the comparison of lamps across manufacturers. This label includes the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) efficacy, PAR conversion efficiency, photon flux density output in key wave bands, as well as the phytochrome photostationary state (PSS), red/far red ratio, and graphs of the normalized photon flux density across the 300–900 nm wave band and a horizontal distribution of the light output.
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Aveni, Alessandro. "BRASILIA METROPOLITAN REGION: EV MOBILITY: OPORTUNITIES AND TRHEATS." EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering 5, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijse.v5i4.25.
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The field research of this paper was developed at the end of 2018 to survey EV mobility. Qualitative trends were based on indicators developed by consulting firm research reports, quantitative figures were developed using fuel cost values of 4,5 R$/liter. The analysis was divided in three steps: a) evidence of public planning, b) evidence of industry and industry 4.0 systems, and c) evidence of market. Main results of the research are: a) no electric mobility planning was found form institutional evidences. No planning for Smart City initiative in Brasilia, b) no evidence of electric systems and innovation are developed or planned (i.e Industry 4.0 automated drive systems). c) opportunities in market found are: main metropolitan area is worth some three million inhabitants, almost seven including surrounding metropolitan areas with millions vehicles to be converted to ev, public transportation and urban delivery most interesting niches of market; threats: no fiscal incentives and infrastructure of electric posts able to sustain car supply, no offer for electric/hybrid cars and conversion kits. This part of an external strategic analysis give the orientation to develop urban transportation vehicles and buses (public transportation) taxi, buses, vans, light trucks and motorcycles ,used for delivery, offers. These are interesting segments mostly because of increasing operational cost mainly due to gasoline costs.
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Fu, Zhichu, Zheyu Zou, Zihao Wu, and Yankuan Wu. "Should the Electric Vehicle Market Diversify." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 82, no. 1 (June 14, 2024): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/82/20230968.
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The new energy automotive sector is on the verge of The Times due to the ongoing depletion of natural resources. Future gasoline-powered automobiles could be fully phased out thanks to the increasing development of electric vehicles. Additionally, several businesses are actively working to manufacture electric cars. This study looks at consumer preferences for electric cars based on their various performance levels. Furthermore, employ the multiple-argumentation angle to describe the effect. This essay will also examine the sales and reputation of the market leaders Tesla and BYD through a comparative comparison. Additionally, additional research should be done on the electric car industry to determine if it should be controlled by a small number of major firms or grow more diverse. We shall provide the future perspective and planning for the market for electric vehicles in this article's conclusion in light of its content.
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Raghunadh, N., K. Venkateswarlu, O. Nagasai, B. Venkatasai, A. Venkatasai, K. Venkatarao, K. SowjanKumar, and G. V. K. Murthy. "P-V Based Off-Board Electric Vehicle Battery Charger." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management 9, no. 1 (2022): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2022.9.1.110.
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Research on renewable energy based Electric Vehicle battery charging system is booming in the automobile industry in recent years. The intermittent nature of the renewable energy sources leads to the grid connected renewable energy systems for Electric Vehicle battery charging applications. In this paper, a photovoltaic array-fed off-board battery charging system using a bidirectional interleaved DC-DC converter is proposed for light-weight electric vehicles. This off-board charging system is capable of operating in dual mode, thereby supplying power to the electric vehicles battery from the photovoltaic array in standstill conditions and driving the DC load by the electric-vehicle battery during running conditions. This dual mode operation is accomplished by the use of a three-phase bidirectional direct-current. The model of the proposed system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software.
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Tsai, Joyce, Angela Chang, Matthew Battles, and Jeffrey Schnapp. "László Moholy-Nagy’s Light Prop as Design Fiction: Perspectives on Conservation and Replication." Leonardo 50, no. 3 (June 2017): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01429.
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Light Prop for an Electric Stage was presented in 1930 as a prototype for a new kind of mechanical theater that was meant to spark future partnerships between art and industry. Although it was never put into industrial production, Light Prop circulated as an early example of kinetic sculpture, as documented in a highly composed film, in photographs and in textual accounts. In 2016, the Harvard Art Museums and metaLAB (at) Harvard filmed Light Prop and its 2006 replica under highly controlled conditions. The resulting comparative media reveals how László Moholy-Nagy’s film served as the “design fiction” guiding the replication and conservation of Light Prop.
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Dziugiel, Bartosz. "Piston-electric propulsion system as reliable alternative for classic and nonconventional piston engine configurations." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2018-0037.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to define reliability requirements to be imposed on electric engines to assure similar or higher value of mean time between failures (MTBF) for mixed piston-electric propulsion configurations when compared to classic and unconventional piston engine configurations.Design/methodology/approachReliability estimation was done using mathematical model of safety of light aircraft commercial operations. The model was developed on the basis of Federal Aviation Administration and National Transport Safety Board data. The analysis was conducted for numerous piston and electric configurations. It allowed comparison of selected solutions and definition of relation between electric engine MTBF and MTBF calculated for entire mixed piston-electric propulsion system.FindingsIt was found that, from reliability point of view, mixed piston-electric engine propulsion is attractive alternative for classic single- and twin-piston configuration. It would allow to at least doubling of MTBF for propulsion without increase of operational cost.Practical implicationsRationale behind exploiting electric propulsion in aviation is provided. Relation between electric engine reliability and entire propulsion reliability was identified and defined. Minimum requirements concerning MTBF value for electric engine application in aviation was assessed. Conclusions from this study can be used for definition of requirements for new aircraft and by the regulatory authorities.Originality/valueOriginality consists in use of real accident statistics included in mathematical model of safety for assessment of MTBF for various classic and novel piston and piston-electric engine configurations of light aircraft. Output from the study can be exploited by the industry.
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Akimenko, Andrey, Evgeniy Anikeev, and Roman Medvedev. "Algorithm for calculating the heat inflows of a refrigerator." Modeling of systems and processes 17, no. 2 (June 28, 2024): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2219-0767-2024-17-2-7-15.
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Refrigerators for various purposes (commercial, industrial, transport, household, etc.) are widely used in the national economy for storing of perishable goods. Refrigerators also differ in size, design, and operating principle. Food industry enterprises, transhipment bases, and large retail facilities (shops, supermarkets, food markets) are equipped with large-capacity refrigerators. The required temperature regime of the refrigerator is provided by a refrigeration machine. The operation of a refrigeration machine is based on the transfer of heat from the cooled space to the external environment. The load on refrigeration equipment is determined by heat inflows - thermal energy entering the refrigerated room from various sources. In accordance with the known methodology, an algorithm was compiled for calculating heat inflows into the refrigeration room. During the calculation process, heat inflows through the enclosing structures of the room (walls, roof, interfloor ceilings) from the air outside them, or from the ground, if the of the refrigeration chamber floor lies on a ground base, are determined. For external fences (walls, roof), heat inflows from solar radiation are also calculated. In addition, the calculation includes determining heat in-flows from refrigerated cargo and containers; from lighting fixtures; from people entering the premises; from air flow through opened doors; from electric motors operation. The total heat inflow is defined as the sum of partial heat inflows from all sources.
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Vogt, Marlon W. "Doing More with Less: Application to Transmission Structures." Open Civil Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (October 15, 2017): 768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010768.
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Introduction: Common theme within the electric utility industry is doing more work with fewer resources. Shrinking staff resources and budgets create challenges in light of the continuing strong investment required for national lifeline infrastructure projects. Methods: The presentation will define and address one traditional type of waste – overproduction, particularly applied to the design of electric utility transmission structures. Results and Conclusion: It will illustrate a variety of typical design choices and the risks in making design decisions that result in larger than necessary, and thus more expensive, structures.
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Lachkov, G. G. "Key Defining Features of the Electric Power Industry in Asian Regions of Russia in Light of Decarbonization Efforts." Energy Systems Research 6, no. 1(21) (March 30, 2023): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25729/esr.2023.01.0003.
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The article examines key defining features of the electric power industry of Asian regions of Russia in light of decarbonization efforts and does this through a case study of integrated power systems of Siberia and the East. We analyze the main characteristics of these integrated power systems, including the mix of installed capacity of power plants, of electricity generation and consumption, and of the fuel thermal power plants burn. On the basis of this analysis, we conclude that the mix of generating capacity of the considered electric power systems falls short of being perfect from the standpoint of decarbonization efforts and that there is a need to convert some of the existing thermal power plants to natural gas combustion and prioritize natural gas combustion when designing new ones.
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Frosina, Emma, Adolfo Senatore, Luka Palumbo, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, and Ciro Pascarella. "Development of a Lumped Parameter Model for an Aeronautic Hybrid Electric Propulsion System." Aerospace 5, no. 4 (October 4, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace5040105.
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This paper describes a case study for applying a hybrid electric propulsion system for general aviation aircraft. The work was performed by a joint team from the Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali (CIRA) and the Department of Industrial Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II. The use of electric and hybrid electric propulsion for aircraft has gained widespread and significant attention over the past decade. The driver of industry interest has principally been the need to reduce the emissions of combustion engine exhaust products and noise; however, studies have revealed the potential for overall improvement in the energy efficiency and mission flexibility of new aircraft types. The goal of the present study was to demonstrate the feasibility of aeronautic parallel hybrid electric propulsion for light aircraft, varying mission profiles and electric configurations. Through the creation and application of a global model with AMESim® software, in which every aspect of the components chosen by the industrial partners can be represented, some interesting studies were carried out. The numerical model used was more complete and more accurate compared to some others available in the literature. In particular, it was confirmed that, for particular missions, integrating state-of-the-art technologies provides notable advantages for aircraft hybrid electric propulsion for light aircraft.
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Hernández, Ricardo, and Chieri Kubota. "Physiological, Morphological, and Energy-use Efficiency Comparisons of LED and HPS Supplemental Lighting for Cucumber Transplant Production." HortScience 50, no. 3 (March 2015): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.3.351.
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To increase the available photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) for plant growth, greenhouse growers sometimes use electric lighting to supplement solar light. The conventional lighting technology used to increase PPF in the greenhouse is high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS). A potential alternative to HPS is high-intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The objective of this study is to compare supplemental LED lighting with supplemental HPS lighting in terms of plant growth and morphology as well as discuss the energy use efficiencies of the fixtures. There were three light treatments: 1) blue LED (peak wavelength 443 nm); 2) red LED (peak wavelength 633 nm); and 3) HPS, to provide 3.7 ± 0.2 mol·m−2·d−1 (background solar radiation of 6.3 ± 0.9 mol·m−2·d−1). Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants at the transplanting stage (26 to 37 days) under HPS had 28% greater dry mass than did plants under the LED treatments. This can be attributed to the higher leaf temperature under the HPS treatment. No differences were observed in growth parameters (dry mass, fresh weight, or number of leaves) between the blue and red LED treatments. Plants under the blue LED treatment had greater net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance (gS) than those under the red LED and HPS treatments. Plants under the blue LED and HPS treatments had 46% and 61% greater hypocotyl length than those under the red LED, respectively. The fixture PPF efficiencies used in the experiment were 1.9, 1.7, and 1.64 μmol·J−1 for the blue LED, red LED, and HPS treatments, respectively; however, the fixture growing efficiency (g·kWh−1) of HPS was 6% and 17% greater than the blue LED and red LED treatment, respectively. In summary, supplemental red LED produced desirable plant compactness and HPS had greater fixture growing efficiency than LEDs.
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Zhu, Liangqian. "Electric Vehicle Investment Analysis Based on Indicators: Evidence from NIO, BYD and, TSLA." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 7 (April 5, 2023): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v7i.6938.
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The electric vehicle industry has been operated for plenty of decades, but it has gained very little popularity worldwide. However, research has shown that several countries are gaining interest in this industry. Therefore, electric vehicles will likely gain popularity within the next decade. Investors are interested in this industry since it is unique and has yet to be explored fully. It is necessary for potential investors to conduct electric vehicle investment analysis, hence they get to make informed decisions. Indicators are the best metrics to carry out investment analysis, which give insight into the behavior of finances, thus determining whether the investment is favorable. This paper is a case study of three automotive companies (i.e., NIO, BYD and TESLA) that have ventured into electric vehicle production. Conducting investment analysis concerning electric vehicles is necessary before venturing into the business. This study encourages evaluating a firm and, thus, predicting its future performance. Investment analysis enables one to reduce losses and increase returns by making informed decisions. A general financial strategy can be obtained from conducting an investment analysis. Data obtained from the record will be utilized to calculate various indicators. The corresponding results are critically analyzed and discussed to explain all the factors that should be considered before investing. These results also capture areas on which research still needs to be carried out, which shed light on guiding further exploration in this field.
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Usai, Lorenzo, Jacob J. Lamb, Edgar Hertwich, Odne Stokke Burheim, and Anders Hammer Strømman. "Analysis of the Li-ion battery industry in light of the global transition to electric passenger light duty vehicles until 2050." Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 011002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ac49a0.
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Abstract The decarbonization of the transport sector requires a rapid expansion of global battery production and an adequate supply with raw materials currently produced in small volumes. We investigate whether battery production can be a bottleneck in the expansion of electric vehicles and specify the investment in capital and skills required to manage the transition. This may require a battery production rate in the range of 4–12 TWh/year, which entails the use of 19–50 Mt/year of materials. Strengthening the battery value chain requires a global effort in many sectors of the economy that will need to grow according to the battery demand, to avoid bottlenecks along the supply chains. Significant investment for the establishment of production facilities (150–300 billion USD in the next 30 years) and the employment of a large global workforce (400k–1 million) with specific knowledge and skillset are essential. However, the employment and investment required are uncertain given the relatively early development stage of the sector, the continuous advancements in the technology and the wide range of possible future demand. Finally, the deployment of novel battery technologies that are still in the development stage could reduce the demand for critical raw materials and require the partial or total redesign of production and recycling facilities affecting the investment needed for each factory.
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Zakharov, Aleksandr K., Vladimir V. Velikorossov, and Sergey L. Ozerov. "THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL ECONOMIC SANCTIONS ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX OF RUSSIA." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3/2, no. 123 (2022): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.03.02.009.
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The article analyses the problems of the energy industry in the conditions of acceptance of external sanctions, suggests ways to further solve them. The main strategic priorities for the development of the electric power industry are considered in the light of increasing external pressure and the need to modernize the management system of the industry. Innovative mechanisms in the management of energy companies, including priority actions to ensure the smooth operation of the fuel and energy complex, are analyzed. The main ways of ensuring the stable operation of energy companies, the domestic market, preventing fuel prices from rising, and preserving export potential are highlighted.
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Mierlo, Joeri Van. "Special Issue “Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)”." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 2829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142829.
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Climate change, urban air quality, and dependency on crude oil are important societal challenges. In the transportation sector especially, clean and energy-efficient technologies must be developed. Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have gained a growing interest in the vehicle industry. Nowadays, the commercialization of EVs and PHEVs has been possible in different applications (i.e., light duty, medium duty, and heavy duty vehicles) thanks to the advances in energy-storage systems, power electronics converters (including DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, and battery charging systems), electric machines, and energy efficient power flow control strategies. This Special Issue is focused on the recent advances in electric vehicles and (plug-in) hybrid vehicles that address the new powertrain developments and go beyond the state-of-the-art (SOTA).
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Goman, V. V., and S. A. Fedoreev. "Experimental Study of Contact Joint Characteristics in Electrical Equipment." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.276.
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The paper describes the method and results of laboratory tests with several types of demountable contact joints and operation tests at functional power industry facilities. The contacts without protective coating are compared with contacts with the protective light-alloy-based coating applied according to the authors’ technology. It is demonstrated that the technology is applicable in real electric equipment operation conditions.
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Xiao, Jun, Shuo Zhai, Wei Jia, Weisheng Wang, Zhiyuan Zhang, and Baining Guo. "Energy Mutual Aid Device of Electric Vehicles: Quadratic Boost Converter with Modified Voltage-Mode Controller." Mathematics 12, no. 10 (May 14, 2024): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12101531.
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Electric vehicles are becoming a mainstay of road transport. However, the uneven distribution of the electric vehicle charging piles in cities has led to the problem of “mileage anxiety”. This has become a significant concern of consumers in purchasing electric vehicles. At the same time, it also hinders the development of the electric vehicle industry. For this reason, this paper designs an electric vehicle energy mutual aid device. In the event that the power battery of an electric vehicle is low on energy and there are no suitable charging piles around, the device can also seek energy supplementation from surrounding electric vehicles with sufficient energy. This device should satisfy the characteristics of wide gain, high power, small size, and light weight. Firstly, the quadratic boost converter and its state space model are constructed. It uses only one electrical switching element to realize the light weight of the device, and it also provides wide voltage gain to fulfill the needs of electric vehicle charging. Secondly, an improved voltage mode controller is proposed to address the shortcomings of the conventional voltage mode controller of the quadratic boost converter. It avoids the tradeoff between the transient and steady-state performance due to the integration action of the conventional voltage mode controller. Also, this controller uses less feedback to make the controlled system output the required DC power, reducing the weight of the device. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed energy mutual aid device is verified by simulations and experiments.
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Didenko, Olena, Krystyna Suvorova, Olena Liashenko, Maria Sukhonos, and Maria Liubchenko. "Measures to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Street Lighting Systems in the Kharkiv City." Lighting Engineering & Power Engineering 60, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x.2021.60.2.01.
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High-quality street lighting improves visual perception of the road and provides for a significant decrease in the number of road accidents. It has been established that the total number of accidents can be reduced by 30% for national roads and by 45% for especially hazard areas (e.g., at intersections). Doubling of the average luminance of the road surface significantly reduces the number of accidents in the dark and twilight. Sufficient street lighting contributes to: reducing electricity consumption; decreasing operating costs; improving the environmental situation; promoting business, tourism and investment activity; decreasing the number of criminal offenses. The analysis of recent research and publications helped choose the best European practices which can be used to improve the outdoor lighting in Ukraine. The street lighting network is continuously growing and being modernized. Different types of light sources are being used in the network to illuminate the city. Today, high-pressure lamps (HPS) are leading. They are increasingly replaced by LED light sources. Not a small share is accounted for by metal-halide lamps. The smallest number of light sources in the street lighting system, high-pressure mercury and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). To increase the efficiency of the street lighting system and reduce energy consumption for its operation, measures for its reconstruction and modernization are required. For this purpose, it is necessary to address the following problems: high level of obsolescence and physical wear and tear of system elements; inefficient use and high losses of electricity at the stages of transportation and consumption, due to the use of obsolete and worn-out equipment; suboptimal distribution of the utility capacity, which leads to ineffective use of the existing lighting system; low efficiency of the street lighting control system, due to the lack of electric meters and remote monitoring and control of the street lighting. Introduction of energy-saving types of light sources is one of the ways to modernize the existing street lighting system. It is necessary to replace old lighting fixtures, which have already exhausted their life span, by new energy-saving light sources (replace CFLs by LEDs), use automatic control systems. All this in turn will help reduce energy costs by 60%. To improve energy efficiency of the street lighting system, it is also recommended to carryout the replacement of electromagnetic ballasts by electronic ones. The employment of electronic ballasts, e.g., in case of using HPS 250 lamps, allows to save approximately 255 kWh/year. Considering that the price per kW of electric energy is UAH 2.68, one luminaire helps save the amount of UAH 683.4 per year.
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Xu, Carol, Mahmoud Famouri, Gautam Bathla, Mohammad Javad Shafiee, and Alexander Wong. "High-Throughput, High-Performance Deep Learning-Driven Light Guide Plate Surface Visual Quality Inspection Tailored for Real-World Manufacturing Environments." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 13 (June 26, 2023): 15745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26869.
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Light guide plates are essential optical components widely used in a diverse range of applications ranging from medical lighting fixtures to back-lit TV displays. An essential step in the manufacturing of light guide plates is the quality inspection of defects such as scratches, bright/dark spots, and impurities. This is mainly done in industry through manual visual inspection for plate pattern irregularities, which is time-consuming and prone to human error and thus act as a significant barrier to high-throughput production. Advances in deep learning-driven computer vision has led to the exploration of automated visual quality inspection of light guide plates to improve inspection consistency, accuracy, and efficiency. However, given the computational constraints and high-throughput nature of real-world manufacturing environments, the widespread adoption of deep learning-driven visual inspection systems for inspecting light guide plates in real-world manufacturing environments has been greatly limited due to high computational requirements and integration challenges of existing deep learning approaches in research literature. In this work, we introduce a fully-integrated, high-throughput, high-performance deep learning-driven workflow for light guide plate surface visual quality inspection (VQI) tailored for real-world manufacturing environments. To enable automated VQI on the edge computing within the fully-integrated VQI system, a highly compact deep anti-aliased attention condenser neural network (which we name Light-DefectNet) tailored specifically for light guide plate surface defect detection in resource-constrained scenarios was created via machine-driven design exploration with computational and “best-practices” constraints as well as L1 paired classification discrepancy loss. Experiments show that Light-DetectNet achieves a detection accuracy of ∼98.2% on the LGPSDD benchmark while having just 770K parameters (∼33× and ∼6.9× lower than ResNet-50 and EfficientNet-B0, respectively) and ∼93M FLOPs (∼88× and ∼8.4× lower than ResNet-50 and EfficientNet-B0, respectively) and ∼8.8× faster inference speed than EfficientNet-B0 on an embedded ARM processor. As such, the proposed deep learning-driven workflow, integrated with the aforementioned LightDefectNet neural network, is highly suited for high-throughput, high-performance light plate surface VQI within real-world manufacturing environments.
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SKYBA, МYKOLA, OLEKSANDR MISIATS, A. POLISHUK, VOLODYMYR MISIATS, and MYKOLA RUBANKA. "SYSTEM OF ADAPTIVE FREQUENCY CONTROL OF SPEED OF ROTATION OF THE ASYNCHRONOUS THREE-PHASE ELECTRIC MOTOR OF THE ROTOR CRUSHER DRIVE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 295, no. 2 (May 2021): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-295-2-139-146.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of a design and the principle of work of modern rotary crushers for crushing of waste of polymeric materials is carried out. Ways of possible improvement of the existing equipment for crushing of waste of polymeric materials are defined. The principles of automation of the rotary crusher drive are formulated. The structural scheme of the frequency control system of the rotor crusher drive is developed. The analysis of operation of asynchronous three – phase motors at frequency control of speed of rotation is carried out. The mechanical characteristics of the electric drive of the rotary crusher are determined. The methodological and theoretical bases of the study are the main provisions of strength of materials, theoretical mechanics and the theory of electric drive. The paper for the first time uses a comprehensive approach to the study of the grinding process of polymeric materials, which takes into account the dependence of their physical and mechanical properties on the conditions of the process, as well as kinematic and electrical characteristics of the equipment. The object of research is the technological process of mechanical grinding of light industry waste in rotary crushers. The subject of the study is the electric drive of a rotary crusher for processing polymer waste. The expression for calculation of mechanical characteristics of asynchronous electric motors according to their passport data is received that allows to calculate modes of work of drives of crushers at various power frequencies and various control laws. The use of frequency control of the electric drive of the rotary crusher for the processing of waste polymeric materials from light industry will increase the reliability of its operation. The research results can be used in the design of new and modernization of existing structures of rotary crushers for grinding waste polymeric materials.