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1
Diamenu, Godwin. "Statistical Analysis of Electric Power Distribution Grid Outages." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 3 (April 12, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.3.2406.
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Power systems in general supply consumers with electrical energy as economically and reliably as possible. Reliable electric power systems serve customer loads without interruptions in supply voltage. Electric power generation facilities must produce enough power to meet customer demand. Electrical energy produced and delivered to customers through generation, transmission and distribution systems, constitutes one of the largest consumers markets the world over. The benefits of electric power systems are integrated into the much faster modern life in such extent that it is impossible to imagine the society without the electrical energy. The rapid growth of electric power distribution grids over the past few decades has resulted in a large increment in the number of grid lines in operation and their total length. These grid lines are exposed to faults as a result of lightning, short circuits, faulty equipment, mis-operation, human errors, overload, and aging among others. A fault implies any abnormal condition which causes a reduction in the basic insulation strength between phase conductors or phase conductors and earth, or any earthed screens surrounding the conductors. In this paper, different types of faults that affected the electric power distribution grid of selected operational districts of Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) in the Western region of Ghana was analyzed and the results presented. Outages due to bad weather and load shedding contributed significantly to the unplanned outages that occurred in the medium voltage (MV) distribution grid. Blown fuse and loose contact faults were the major contributor to unplanned outages in the low voltage (LV) electric power distribution grid.
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Naumov, I. V., and D. N. Karamov. "On damage rate of overhead power transmission lines in power supply systems." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 14, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2021-14-2-92-99.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the damage rate of overhead power transmission lines (OPL) in medium-voltage electrical distribution networks of the Irkutsk region. The established International Indices that determine the level of reliability of the functioning of electric networks are considered, and information on the compliance of the condition of electric networks in Russia with these indices is analyzed. Analytical information on the damage rate of elements of these networks and their causes in Europe, America, and Russia is presented. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the most common damage is characteristic of overhead power lines, especially 6–10 kV lines. As an object of research, two branches of the Irkutsk electric grid company (IEC) were taken, one of which provides electricity to rural consumers, the other — mainly to consumers residing in the territory of the city Irkutsk. The characteristics of these electric networks, their territorial location and basic technical data are presented. To conduct analytical monitoring of the level of reliability of overhead power transmission lines, logs of disconnection of the Eastern and Southern electric networks of the IEC over a long-term period were used. On the basis of this information, tables of failures and their consequences in the studied electrical networks were compiled for monthly average data over the period under examination for various causes of damage. To plot time diagrams of the parameters under examination, computer programs were compiled in the Matlab system, the use of which made it possible to obtain visualization of changes in failures for various reasons for the electrical networks under consideration. The information on the time of power supply interruptions in these networks, as well as the amount of electricity underutilized by consumers during these interruptions and its cost are analyzed. It is shown that in the electric networks under consideration, most of the power failures are related to the territorial dispersion of these networks, and the low level of equipment controls and insufficient qualification of operating personnel, as evidenced by the significant number of failures for unknown reasons. Besides, a significant part of the failures is due to damage to the overhead line wires, switching equipment and the effect of wind load. Recommendations for improving the condition of power transmission lines and a number of measures aimed at improving the level of reliability of power supply are presented.
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Chamoso, Pablo, Fernando De La Prieta, and Gabriel Villarrubia. "Intelligent system to control electric power distribution networks." ADCAIJ: Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal 4, no. 4 (December 22, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/adcaij20154418.
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The use of high voltage power lines transport involves some risks that may be avoided with periodic reviews as imposed by law in most countries. The objective of this work is to reduce the number of these periodic reviews so that the maintenance cost of power lines is also reduced. To reduce the number of transmission towers (TT) to be reviewed, a virtual organization (VO) based system of agents is proposed in conjunction with different artificial intelligence methods and algorithms. This system is able to propose a sample of TT from a selected set to be reviewed and to ensure that the whole set will have similar values without needing to review all the TT. As a result, the system provides a software solution to manage all the review processes and all the TT of Spain, allowing the review companies to use the application either when they initiate a new review process for a whole line or area of TT, or when they want to place an entirely new set of TT, in which case the system would recommend the best place and the best type of structure to use.
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Bolshev, V. E., A. V. Vinogradov, A. V. Vinogradova, A. V. Bukreev, and S. R. Khasanov. "Study of statistical data on the composition of electric distribution networks on the example of a Kaluga region district." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001005.
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Sustainable operation of the power grid complex is impossible without reliable and high-quality operation of 10/0.4 kV electrical distribution networks, which are the final link in the system for providing consumers with electric energy and are in direct interaction with a specific consumer. The study of statistical information on the composition of distribution networks makes it possible to draw conclusions about electrical network state, to implement recommendations for their development and to compare distribution electrical networks in different regions. This information is especially relevant for analyzing the reliability of power supply to consumers connected to the considered electrical distribution networks. Such indicators of network structure as the length of electric transmission lines of different voltages and power transmission schemes are studied. It also analyzes the number of damages in networks, the causes of these damages, data on the time of planned and emergency outages. This paper considers the structure of 10/0.4 kV electrical distribution networks located on the territory of one of the districts of the Kaluga region. The sample for distribution networks was: 1190 overhead transmission lines and 536 transformer substations. Consumers in the district are 21671 subscribers of individuals and 1986 subscribers of legal entities, that is, a total of 23657 metering points. On the lines of 0.4 kV and 10 kV, the percentage of their isolated design was revealed. The share of single-transformer and two-transformer versions of transformer substations is analyzed.
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Xu, Jianwen, Ping Yi, Wei Wang, and Ting Zhu. "A power storage station placement algorithm for power distribution based on electric vehicle." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 13, no. 2 (February 2017): 155014771769416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147717694169.
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Inspired by the concept of energy internet and energy problems including greenhouse gas emission and regional shortage, this article will propose an idea of electric power distribution using city bus lines running electric vehicles. The designed power distribution system includes renewable energy sources as the energy input, power storage stations placed at some bus stops as the fixed energy output, and bus lines running electric vehicles as the connections between them. As the basic and priority problem, choosing the suitable location to place power storage stations can not only reduce the total number of construction but also increase the utilization rate of each one. Main work involves the two branch algorithms for solving the placement problem; simulation while using real-world transportation data of two city bus maps and analysis about the advantages and disadvantages of algorithms.
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Liang, Zhen Guang, Yu Ze Jiang, Di Wen Jiang, and Zong Jie Liu. "Calculation of Power Frequency Electric Field under Overhead Lines with Complex Ground." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.212.
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This paper studied influence of three dimension complex ground on electric field under overhead lines. Surface charge method is discussed and planar triangle surface charge elements are used to represent complex ground. Electric field of overhead lines is analyzed by charge simulation method. Finite straight line charges are used to represent conductors. Then electric field of 220kV double circuit overhead lines over a three dimension small hill is calculated and distribution of electric field 1.5m above the ground is analyzed.
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Alkhanafseh, Yousef Marwan, and Tahir Cetin Akinci. "A Python-Based Interface Design for Electric Power System Education." International Journal of Smart Grid and Sustainable Energy Technologies 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36040/ijsgset.v4i1.3905.
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Python, which is widely used today, is one of the open-source programming languages. In the Python program, its interface is done through the PyQt5 library. With PyQt5, it is possible to develop object-based software that takes up less space on the disk and runs faster. In this study, an educational calculation and analysis program (ITUPSA) was designed for the Electric power systems course using the Python interface. Electric power systems are one of the fundamental courses in electrical engineering. This main course is taught in three sub-course groups as energy transmission-distribution, energy flow and energy economy. The energy transmission-distribution course package constitutes the first and most comprehensive part of the electric power systems group. In the energy transmission-distribution, the creation of the transmission line model and the calculation of the line parameters form an important part of the training. This section contains very detailed mathematical calculations and it is very important that students get the correct result as a result of these calculations. This can be possible with a lot of practice. The interface design was made by students and faculty to teach practical examples correctly. This developed (ITUPSA) python-based interface program is very suitable for calculation and analysis exercises in both undergraduate and graduate courses in the Electrical Engineering department. The purpose of this study is to create a python-based interface in order to solve the problems related to these lines, to make the types of short, medium and long power transmission lines correct and understandable. In the study, after selecting the type of energy transmission line and all parameters related to the line, the necessary mathematical analysis can be made and also the analysis results can be plotted. The analysis program is available in two languages, English and Turkish.
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Nithiyananthan, K., and Umasankar Umasankar. "Environment Friendly Voltage Up-gradation Model for Distribution Power Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.10098.
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<p>The main aim of this research work is to analyze and develop voltage up gradation procedure model for effective & economic power distribution in urban and suburban area. Voltage up gradation from 6.6KV to 11KV of the distribution power system network has been considered for the proposed research work. Electric power consumption has been increasing uninterruptedly, being this increase specially accelerated in the last few years. Nowadays electric lines are saturated; they are reaching critical values of ampere capacity and sag. Therefore, building new lines has been necessary to provide the ever increasing consumption. The difficulty to find new corridors to construct new distribution lines, underground cables is increasing in cities, industrial areas and in many cases it is simply impossible. The construction of new electric lines is increasing difficulty, thus there is a need to look at alternatives that increases the power transfer capacity. Voltage up gradation of the existing electric cables/lines of the distribution system is the most viable solution and it stresses on the savings of power due to a reduction in system losses when the voltage is high. The proposed research work is to develop and analyze voltage up gradation procedures and protocols for converting 6.6KV network into 11KV network in a distributed system. It also takes into account the expenses incurred in the process and the various other important constraints.</p>
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Nithiyananthan, K., and Umasankar Umasankar. "Environment Friendly Voltage Up-gradation Model for Distribution Power Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2516-2525.
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<p>The main aim of this research work is to analyze and develop voltage up gradation procedure model for effective & economic power distribution in urban and suburban area. Voltage up gradation from 6.6KV to 11KV of the distribution power system network has been considered for the proposed research work. Electric power consumption has been increasing uninterruptedly, being this increase specially accelerated in the last few years. Nowadays electric lines are saturated; they are reaching critical values of ampere capacity and sag. Therefore, building new lines has been necessary to provide the ever increasing consumption. The difficulty to find new corridors to construct new distribution lines, underground cables is increasing in cities, industrial areas and in many cases it is simply impossible. The construction of new electric lines is increasing difficulty, thus there is a need to look at alternatives that increases the power transfer capacity. Voltage up gradation of the existing electric cables/lines of the distribution system is the most viable solution and it stresses on the savings of power due to a reduction in system losses when the voltage is high. The proposed research work is to develop and analyze voltage up gradation procedures and protocols for converting 6.6KV network into 11KV network in a distributed system. It also takes into account the expenses incurred in the process and the various other important constraints.</p>
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Lvov, Mikhail Yu, and Dmitriy Yu Kamnev. "Application of the 20 kV Voltage Class in the Electric Power Supply Systems of Modern Megalopolises." Vestnik MEI 5, no. 5 (2020): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2020-5-83-88.
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Megacities are characterized by a high level of energy consumption, a significant density of electrical loads and increased requirements for the reliability of power supply to consumers. Traditionally in the USSR and further in Russia, voltage classes of 6 and 10 kV are used for urban distribution electric networks. The increasing density of electric load and electricity consumption does not allow in extremely cramped conditions of developing cities to provide electricity through existing cable lines with a voltage of 6-10 kV due to their limited bandwidth and lack of reliability. The technical condition of the equipment and cable lines in the 6-10 kV supply networks has significant physical and moral deterioration. Existing networks have insufficient redundancy and have practically exhausted their ability to connect new consumers. These circumstances required a decision to switch to a voltage class of 20 kV, which is a strategic direction for the development of medium voltage electrical networks in Moscow. According to this decision, since the 2000s, electric networks with a voltage of 20 kV have been actively developing in Russia and in Moscow. This article analyzes the implemented approaches to the use of an electric network of 20 kV in megacities of different countries.
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Rezinkina, М. М., E. I. Sokol, O. G. Gryb, A. V. Bortnikov, and S. A. Lytvynenko. "CALCULATION OF ELECTRIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN THE VICINITY OF POWER TRANSMISSION LINES WITH TOWERS AND UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES PRESENCE." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2018, no. 3 (April 2, 2018): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2018.03.003.
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Zhang, Guang Zhou, Mu Li, Gong Da Zhang, Hu Zhang, and Shu Bo Fang. "Study on Distribution Model of Electric Field for 220 kV Transmission Lines and Implement." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 2315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.2315.
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For studying the environment of power frequency electric field near the transmission line, the electric field model of 220kV transmission line was made in charge simulation method. Using the model, the electric field strength nearby the ground that under the lines was calculated and the distribute curves were drew in MATLAB language. The results showed that increasing the height of the conductors to ground, the electric field strength at the same point becomes lower.
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Pawawoi, Andi, Zuheldi Zuheldi, Fajril Akbar, and Refdinal Nazir. "Analysis of energy losses reduction potential on the distribution line of campus building through electric power quality improvement." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp868-876.
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In public and commercial buildings, the reduction of electricity consumption activities can be conducted through 3 paths, including improving the quality level of electric power, increasing the efficiency of electrical equipment, and reducing the waste of electric energy use. In this paper, the energy losses reduction potential on the distribution line of Engineering Faculty, Andalas University buildings through electric power quality improvement are analyzed. Power Quality (PQ) variables that considered in this analysis include power factor, unbalance current load and harmonics distortion. Analysis of correlation between PQ variables is required to determine the power loss on the distribution line of buildings. Using data of PQ variables recorded by Fluke Power Analyzer 435 series II, the energy losses of the distribution line without/with PQ improvement for each building is calculated. Analysis results have shown that the reduction potential is proportional to the value of PQ variables. Administrative faculty building with poor power quality has the potential to reduce its energy losses on the distribution line by 52.62% through power quality improvement. Civil engineering building group with quite good power quality only has the potential to reduce energy losses by 32.81%. Overall, the buildings in this faculty have the potential to reduce energy losses on distribution lines by 34.42% through its power quality improvement.
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Fan, Ai Long, Da Lu Guan, and Ping Hao. "Reconfiguration of Electric Distribution Networks Based on SR-ACA." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2874.
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Distribution network reconfiguration is a non-linear combinatorial optimization problem. It is defined as altering the topological structures of the power system by changing the open/closed states of the sectionalizing and tie switches.The aim is to reduce the power loss, and eliminate the overload of the lines, and improve the power quality, and restore the power supply to non-fault area in the distribution network and so on. Combined with distribution networks, The paper proposed an improved ant colony algorithm under the normal operating conditions to solve the distribution network reconfiguration problem. To demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, an example system is studied.The results on IEEE 71-bus distribution networks are also given,which reveal that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
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Brice, C. W. "Voltage-drop calculations and power-flow studies for rural electric distribution lines." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 28, no. 4 (1992): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.148442.
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Kuzmina, I. A. "Feasibility Assessment of Urban Electricity Distribution Networks Transition to the Voltage Level of 20 kV." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 12 (January 4, 2018): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/1217.0001358.
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The article gives a feasibility assessment for increasing a voltage level of the urban electricity distribution networks from 6 and 10 kV to 20 kV.The emphasis is on the urban electricity distribution network in Moscow. It is noted that by now the reliability, efficiency and automation indicators of Moscow electrical grids are substantially lower than those of Europe, America, etc. The electrical grids in Moscow have a high wear and tear of equipment, a historically developed non-optimal structure, and a high loading level. In recent years, the situation has been significantly improved due to numerous government programs for the development of the electric power industry.It was noted that the high rate of development in Moscow resulted in a significantly increasing density of power loads. So modernisation of grids is a necessary-and-proper step to deliver electric power of good quality and in appropriate volume to all consumers. As the most promising option of such modernisation, the article’s proposal is to increase a voltage level of the electrical grid of medium voltage from 6 and 10 kV to 20 kV.The main advantages of the electrical grid transition to the higher voltage level is an increased power grid capacity and reduced losses of voltage and electric power when transmitting through the electrical grid elements. The article presents some calculations to prove decreasing several times losses in medium voltage cable lines. The shortcoming of the transition to an electrical grid of 20 / 0.4 kV is significant implementation costs, most of which will lead to increasing tariff for consumers.The experience of other countries examined in the article proves that increasing voltage level of the distribution network in Moscow and other megacities is expedient. At the same time, a gradual introduction of 20 / 0.4 kV substations to the electrical grid structure with a gradual unloading and elimination of 10 kV electrical grid elements is expected. The article appeals to successful experience available in the transition of large industrial enterprises to a voltage level of 20 / 0.4 kV.
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Ferrer, Miguel, Manuela De Lucas, Elena Hinojosa, and Virginia Morandini. "Transporting Biodiversity Using Transmission Power Lines as Stepping-Stones?" Diversity 12, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12110439.
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The most common ecological response to climate change is the shifts in species distribution ranges. Nevertheless, landscape fragmentation compromises the ability of limited dispersal species to move following these climate changes. Building connected environments that enable species to track climate changes is an ultimate goal for biodiversity conservation. Here, we conducted an experiment to determine if electric power transmission lines could be transformed in a continental network of biodiversity reserves for small animals. We analysed if the management of the habitat located inside the base of the transmission electric towers (providing refuge and planting seedlings of native shrub) allowed to increase local richness of target species (i.e., small mammals and some invertebrates’ groups). Our results confirmed that by modifying the base of the electric transmission towers we were able to increase density and diversity of several species of invertebrates and small mammals as well as number of birds and bird species, increasing local biodiversity. We suggest that modifying the base of the electric towers would potentially facilitate the connection of fragmented populations. This idea would be easily applicable in any transmission line network anywhere around the world, making it possible for the first time to build up continental scale networks of connectivity.
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Fursanov, M. I., A. A. Zalotoy, and V. V. Makarevich. "Calculation of Technological Consumption (Loss) of Electricity in Modern 0.38–10 kV Electrical Distribution Networks." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 61, no. 5 (October 4, 2018): 408–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-5-408-422.
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. New conditions of functioning of electric power industry, tougher of requirements to technological condition of the industry predetermined transition to restructuring of electric networks on the basis of innovative structure of SMART GRID. This leads to the improvement of traditional tasks of calculation and analysis of modes and technological consumption (loss) of electricity. The authors have developed a promising method of operational calculations of technical losses of electricity in modern electrical networks of 0.38–10 kV on the basis of telemechanical graphs of loads on the head sections of distribution lines, in the area of additional installation of digital metering devices and of sources of distributed generation. The method proposes a new technique for determining the flow of electric energy in the sections of distribution lines. This is done as follows. First, according to the data of additional measurements of the network and taking into account the calculated no-load losses of transformers, electricity flows are calculated in the head sections of 6–10 kV lines. Then, according to the obtained data and the measured values of the active and reactive energy graphs of the head sections, the electric power flows targeted for their subsequent distribution over all sections of the 0.38–10 kV network are determined, taking into account the load losses of electricity and the flow distribution coefficients. The distribution coefficients are the fractions of the calculated phase loads of the 0.38 kV network of their total value. Then, according to the obtained data and the measured values of the active and reactive energy graphs on the head sections, the electric power flows intended for their subsequent distribution over all sections of the 0.38–10 kV network are determined, taking into account the load losses of electricity and the flow distribution coefficients. The basic analytical relations concerning the estimation of losses and mode as well as an example of calculation of technological consumption (loss) of electricity in the general scheme of the distribution network of 0.38; 6 and 10 kV are given. The latter is performed for a single (first)stage of load graphs.
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Tang, Bo, Fei Qiao, Guang Zu Ge, Zi Hang Qu, Ying Huang, and Jian Xiong Zhu. "Research of Geoelectric Field Observation Interference with Different Electrode Arrangements from UHVDC Power Lines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 3262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.3262.
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The interference from UHVDC power lines is a key issue puzzling the geo-electric field observation in seismic station. According to the working principle of geo-electric field observation instrument, the interference reason on geo-electric field observation is analyzed, which potential distribution of the electrodes in soil of geo-electric field observation instrument is changed by the ground current from ground electrode of power line. Based on the different electrode arrangements, the electric field calculation model at different positions away from ground electrode is established, and thus the variation could be acquired. The results show that interference values are affected due to the electrode spans and the electrode arrangement directions, and there has the minimum interference when the electrode span is 100 m or the angle between line of two electrodes and radial line of ground electrode is 45°.
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Romaniuk, Yu F., O. V. Solomchak, and V. M. Chornous. "The influence of phase load asymmetry on power losses in power distribution network lines of oil and gas enterprises." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 2(30) (December 3, 2018): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2018-2(30)-49-54.
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The influence of phase load asymmetry on power losses in electric lines is investigated. The influence of phase load redistribution on power losses in three-phase three-conductor line with the insulated neutral is analyzed. It is demonstrated that additional power losses occur in this line which are in quadratic dependency on the relative change of phase loads. The influence of neutral conductor resistance in the four-conductor three-phase electric network on power losses in different asymmetry modes is investigated. It is shown that power losses in this network are much larger than in three-conductor network with identical phase load asymmetry and depend on the neutral conductor resistance. Significant economic effect can be obtained by increasing the cross-section of neutral conductor. At the same time, the simultaneous decrease of power losses and increase of the operational reliability of electric network are observed.
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Sun, Hui, Peng Yuan, Zhuoning Sun, Shubo Hu, Feixiang Peng, and Wei Zhou. "Distribution Network Congestion Dispatch Considering Time-Spatial Diversion of Electric Vehicles Charging." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 2820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102820.
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With the popularization of electric vehicles, free charging behaviors of electric vehicle owners can lead to uncertainty about charging in both time and space. A time-spatial dispatching strategy for the distribution network guided by electric vehicle charging fees is proposed in this paper, which aims to solve the network congestion problem caused by the unrestrained and free charging behaviors of large numbers of electric vehicles. In this strategy, congestion severity of different lines is analyzed and the relationship between the congested lines and the charging stations is clarified. A price elastic matrix is introduced to reflect the degree of owners’ response to the charging prices. A pricing scheme for optimal real-time charging fees for multiple charging stations is designed according to the congestion severity of the lines and the charging power of the related charging stations. Charging price at different charging station at different time is different, it can influence the charging behaviors of vehicle owners. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed congestion dispatching strategy considers the earnings of the operators, charging cost to the owners and the satisfaction of the owners. Moreover, the strategy can influence owners to make judicious charging plans that help to solve congestion problems in the network and improve the safety and economy of the power grid.
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Santos, Ana Paula Paes dos, José Ricardo Santos de Souza, Everaldo Barreiros de Souza, Alexandre de Melo Casseb do Carmo, and Wanda Maria do Nascimento Ribeiro. "Electric systems failures produced by CG lightning in Eastern Amazonia." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 29, spe (December 2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-778620130028.
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Operational records of power outages of the electric energy distribution systems in eastern Amazonia presented a large number of events attributed to lightning strikes, during the 2006 to 2009 period. The regional electricity concessionary data were compared to actual lightning observations made by SIPAM's LDN system, over two areas where operational sub systems of transmission lines are installed. Statistical relations were drawn between the monthly lightning occurrence density and the number of power outages of the electric systems for both areas studied. The results showed that, although with some delays between these variables peaks, the number of power disruptions has a tendency to follow the behavior of the lightning occurrence densities variations. The numerical correlations were positive and may be useful to the transmission lines maintenance crews at least for the Belém-Castanhal electricity distribution sub system. Evidence was found, that the SST's over certain areas of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, influence convection over the area of interest, and may help to prognosticate the periods of intense electric storms, requiring repair readiness for the regional electric systems.
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Kolnegari, Mahmood, Ali Turk Qashqaei, Mandana Hazrati, Ali Akbar Basiri, Mohammad Mojaver Tork Abad, and Miguel Ferrer. "Rare cases of carnivore mortality due to electric power distribution lines in Iran." Zoology and Ecology 28, no. 4 (September 15, 2018): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21658005.2018.1520019.
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Abdallah, Lamiaa, and Tarek El-Shennawy. "Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity Sector Using Smart Electric Grid Applications." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/845051.
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Approximately 40% of global CO2emissions are emitted from electricity generation through the combustion of fossil fuels to generate heat needed to power steam turbines. Burning these fuels results in the production of carbon dioxide (CO2)—the primary heat-trapping, “greenhouse gas” responsible for global warming. Applying smart electric grid technologies can potentially reduce CO2emissions. Electric grid comprises three major sectors: generation, transmission and distribution grid, and consumption. Smart generation includes the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, or hydropower). Smart transmission and distribution relies on optimizing the existing assets of overhead transmission lines, underground cables, transformers, and substations such that minimum generating capacities are required in the future. Smart consumption will depend on the use of more efficient equipment like energy-saving lighting lamps, enabling smart homes and hybrid plug-in electric vehicles technologies. A special interest is given to the Egyptian case study. Main opportunities for Egypt include generating electricity from wind and solar energy sources and its geographical location that makes it a perfect center for interconnecting electrical systems from the Nile basin, North Africa, Gulf, and Europe. Challenges include shortage of investments, absence of political will, aging of transmission and distribution infrastructure, and lack of consumer awareness for power utilization.
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Zeńczak, Michał. "Method of estimating the exposure of the natural environment to 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields in power systems with distributed and centralized generations." Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0021.
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Abstract The development of a distributed generation will influence the structure of the power transmission and distribution network. Distributed sources have lower power and therefore the lines of lower voltage are used. Therefore, the electric field intensity near such lines is lower. On the other hand magnetic field intensity may prove essential. The main aim of the paper is to present a method estimating the “ballast” of the natural environment at 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields in the power system, with distributed and centralized generation in real operating conditions.
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Faiz, N. S., M. I. Satayev, J. I. Satayeva, A. A. Berdaliyeva, A. M. Azimov, and O. Ya Nikonov. "VISUALIZATION OF GEODATA OF SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS BASED ON ESRI ARCGIS." Series of Geology and Technical Sciences 445, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-170x.10.
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Energy objects, installations of high and ultra-high voltage, are considered man-made, dangerous objects in terms of the intensity of the electric and magnetic field distribution, which create ion shells in high-altitude zones and spread a certain radius on the territory of a residential area. In this regard, during the construction and commissioning of low-frequency power facilities, it is necessary to conduct a specific environmental analysis on the selected territory. One of the main sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the construction and commissioning of high – voltage power lines is to take into account changes in the daily and seasonal distribution of electrical loads along high-voltage power lines, which have a continuous dynamic characteristic that increases the level of electric and magnetic field strength. In turn, the development of information support for environmental problems of the territory based on GIS technologies makes it possible to record information about the ecological state of the territory at a specific time and present this state with a set of thematic environmental maps of various territorial or district entities. It should be noted that the above characteristics increase the advantage of geoinformation technologies as an information platform of the database, which will make it possible to obtain data for processing operational analyses and conclusions about the state of the environment around high-voltage power lines.
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Naumov, I. V., and E. V. Karpova. "Analysis of causes of failures in 10 kV electrical power distribution networks (on the example of the Southern electrical networks of the city of Irkutsk)." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 11, no. 4 (January 21, 2019): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-4-299-304.
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Disconnection of power consumers from power grids is quite a common event, with a wide range of consequences. Power supply interruptions can be caused by both casual events, and planned shutdowns. Disruptions in systems of power supply of consumers lead to a variety of adverse events (under-delivery of products, large-scale product rejection, failure of production equipment, etc.), which inflicts a significant economic damage. The retrospective analysis of the failure rate of electrical networks of the Right Bank and Left Bank districts of Irkutsk over 2013–2017 has been carried out. The analysis was based on the data from dispatching logs of observations on events of failures caused by emergency damage to the Southern electrical networks. It is established that the greatest number of failures occurs for such reasons as damage at substations, damage to consumer electrical networks, wire breakage in air and cable power lines as well as damage of switching equipment. Failures related to wind load, damage at packaged transformer substations, insulators and surge arresters are also analysed. The percentage rate of failures of electrical power networks caused by specific reasons from the total number of failures is presented. Besides, the analysis is performed of the duration of interruptions of power supply owing to damage of individual elements of power network equipment as well as the amount of electric energy undelivered for these reasons, and financial losses caused by these failures due to under-delivery of electric energy, with the average wholesale electricity prices taken into account.
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Olesova, M. M., and I. P. Ivanova. "Registration of security zones of power grid facilities." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-4-2009-04.
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The article deals with the registration issues of security zones of power lines and power distribution points as objects of power system. The procedure for drawing up a map (plan) of an electric grid facility has been studied and distributed in stages.
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Moradkhani, Amin, Mahmood R. Haghifam, and Mohsen Mohammadzadeh. "Failure rate modelling of electric distribution overhead lines considering preventive maintenance." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 1028–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0570.
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Kasprzyk, Leszek, Robert Pietracho, and Karol Bednarek. "Analysis of the impact of electric vehicles on the power grid." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400065.
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The paper presents problems related to the impact of electric vehicles connected to the power grid on energy parameters. Basic methods of control in power grids were discussed and results of the simulation were presented with regards to the power distribution, voltage drops and losses in the transmission lines. The simulation was conducted based on the example of CIGRE 11, to which electric vehicle charging stations were connected in several selected points, with the possibility of energy release into the grid. The obtained results were compared for the simulation conducted in two variants – without the connected electric vehicles and with them. The obtained results were analyzed and commented upon.
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Taslimov, A. D., A. S. Berdishev, M. V. Melikuziev, and F. M. Rakhimov. "Method of selecting parameters of cable lines distributive networks 10 kv in uncertainty conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 139 (2019): 01082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913901082.
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The article discusses the task of selecting the optimal number of types and values of standard cable sections of urban distribution electric power supply systems under conditions of uncertainty of electric load development using zoning method and proves the expediency of using a very limited number of standard cable sections (application of one or two standard cable sections at wide range of load DNsity variation).
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Balladka, Dhananjaya. "Unmanned Fault Detection in Distribution Lines." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.230105.
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The companies supplying electric power round the globe are facing various issues related due to the occurrence of fault in the distribution lines. Most of them are investing on the research and development of state-of-art technologies to boost continuous supply of energy to the users. The consumers can be guaranteed of flawless power if it is possible to identify and rectify the faults at the shorter time span than usual. The usual way to identify the fault and fault location is with the aid of man power. This work deals with the design and fabrication of an intelligent system based on the GSM. This system helps in efficient identification of the fault and location of the fault, initiating a message to the respective crew members and the control station and ensures that the technical crew will be able to reach the location very accurately in shorter time and recapitulate power at the earliest. The setup includes a current sensor, Arduino and a GSM module. The system identifies the location of fault and the data regarding the location of fault is efficiently conveyed to the control personnel or monitoring system over GSM. The location of the fault thus obtained is very fine and accurate, and the time needed to identify the location of flaw is greatly reduced.
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Li, Weilin, Wenjie Liu, Xiaobin Zhang, Zhaohui Gao, Meng Xie, and Hongxia Wang. "Study on Impedance Characteristics of Aircraft Cables." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7430293.
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Voltage decrease and power loss in distribution lines of aircraft electric power system are harmful to the normal operation of electrical equipment and may even threaten the safety of aircraft. This study investigates how the gap distance (the distance between aircraft cables and aircraft skin) and voltage frequency (variable frequency power supply will be adopted for next generation aircraft) will affect the impedance of aircraft cables. To be more precise, the forming mechanism of cable resistance and inductance is illustrated in detail and their changing trends with frequency and gap distance are analyzed with the help of electromagnetic theoretical analysis. An aircraft cable simulation model is built with Maxwell 2D and the simulation results are consistent with the conclusions drawn from the theoretical analysis. The changing trends of the four core parameters of interest are analyzed: resistance, inductance, reactance, and impedance. The research results can be used as reference for the applications in Variable Speed Variable Frequency (VSVF) aircraft electric power system.
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TUDORACHE, Tiberiu, and Andrei MARINESCU. "CALCULUL CÂMPULUI ELECTRIC ASOCIAT UNUI CUPLOR INDUCTIV DESTINAT TRANSFERULUI DE PUTERE WIRELESS." "ACTUALITĂŢI ŞI PERSPECTIVE ÎN DOMENIUL MAŞINILOR ELECTRICE (ELECTRIC MACHINES, MATERIALS AND DRIVES - PRESENT AND TRENDS)" 2020, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36801/apme.2020.1.17.
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"Contactless or wireless power transmission has become a widespread disruptive technology. Although known for more than 100 years, it is the result of the unprecedented development of microelectronics and power electronics in recent decades. Numerous technical solutions for near-field energy transmission at different power and frequency levels are currently established: capacitive electric field transmission (CPT), inductive magnetic field transmission (IPT), multi-coil transmission and simultaneous transmission via electric field and magnetic field as a combination of the first two. The materialization of the contactless transmission is achieved in theory and practice through different types of contactless coupling circuits, generically called ""contactless couplers"". The inductive coupler can be considered as an electrical transformer in air or with open magnetic circuit in which the primary (Tx) and the secondary winding (Rx) can occupy different positions from each other depending on the application [1]. It is considered a representative element for WPT (Wireless Power Transfer) systems currently used from transferred powers of several watts to tens or hundreds of kilo-watts. To increase the transfer efficiency, the coupler works at high frequencies, of the order of kHz or MHz and in some cases has planar windings, of different shapes, made of litz wire and usually has magnetic flux concentrators [2]. Any inductive coupler is integrated into a complex transmission system, consisting of many other components [3]. In addition to the electromagnetic calculation widely presented in other works, open magnetic circuit construction produces electric and magnetic scattering fields that have a negative effect on both electrical and electronic equipment in the vicinity and on human health if the exposure exceeds certain thresholds. These thresholds are indicated by international standards and requirements [4-5] achieved by applying the precautionary principle [6] so that they can be reviewed periodically and are not mandatory unless they are taken over in national law. In this paper we analyze by the finite element method, in approximate 2D, the electric field produced by an inductive coupler in various simplified construction variants and calculate certain related quantities of practical importance such as: electric field distribution in the field of calculation, electric field strength in the vicinity of the inductive coupler, equipotential lines, reactive power, equivalent capacities."
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Shustrov, N. N., V. G. Puzach, and S. A. Bezenkov. "The effect of the conductive walls of the cooking furnace of an electric furnace on the distribution of energy flows." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 4 (September 16, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2020-4-13-18.
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A method for modeling the electric glass melting process, which allows obtaining information about the unity of electric and thermal processes in the glass mass in an electric glass melting furnace has been developed. The furnace’s cooking pool is made of conductive chromoxide. The work was carried out using modeling on the EGDA integrator, as a result of which two versions of experimental electric furnaces with different directions of power lines and a pilot industrial furnace with a capacity of 7 tons per day for melting E glass, widely used in the manufacture of fiberglass, were built.
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Domanskyi, I., and О. Kozlova. "DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY ELECTRICAL NETWORKS OF TRACTION SUBSTATIONS." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-8-15.
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In the paper on the basis of the analysis of classical power schemes traction substations of railways and urban electric transport conceptual directions of development of electric networks of external power supply of traction substations in the conditions of market economy and normative requirements of the electric power industry of Ukraine are developed, which allow to provide energy saving modes of their operation. Based on system analysis of domestic and foreign traction power supply systems of railways and electric transport of large cities, the concept of their development is substantiated and proposed by increasing the supply voltage of traction substations and minimizing capacity upflows and energy losses, which provides resource and energy savings. It is suggested that the investment programs of the structures that are part of Corporation «Ukrzaliznytsia» and the municipal services be synchronized according to their technological indicators, as well as according to the criteria of energy efficiency and quality of energy supply with similar investment programs of external energy. For reduction of energy losses, it is proposed: realization of rational schedule of train movement and deep high voltage inputs with the prospect of transition to own 110 kV distribution networks, modernization and equipping of modern rolling stock electrical equipment and infrastructure of the main and perspective directions of the railways. The need to expand tram and trolleybus lines and modernize power supply devices in terms of resource conservation requires new technologies for the design, construction and operation of the facilities of municipal enterprise «Miskelektrotransservice». Such technologies have been implemented by the «DAK-Energetika» enterprise in the manufacture of modern electrical equipment of municipal enterprise «Miskelektrotransservice» TS. The most important tasks are the improvement of stationary and mobile substations and other linear facilities of traction power supply by completing functional modular blocks with modern switchgear with digital relay protection and diagnostics of traction networks; local and remote control of switchgear devices, as well as switch diagnostics and self-diagnosis. Keywords: external power supply, traction substations, electrical networks, power systems operation modes.
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Xu, Yongming, Xi Ding, Jianxun Xu, Yunqian Li, Xueyu Ma, and Chuangxin Guo. "Coordinated Planning of Electricity/gas/storage Distribution Network Based on LSTM and Demand Response." E3S Web of Conferences 256 (2021): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125602026.
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This paper presents a collaborative planning method of an electricity-gas-storage regional integrated energy system based on LSTM neural network and demand response. First, the LSTM Neural network is used for load forecasting, and the energy hub structure of the electric gas storage system is established. Then, the mathematical models of power storage, gas storage, electric network topology, gas network topology, and P2G are established to minimize the expansion cost of the electricity-gas-storage system, and the collaborative planning of energy storage, power lines, and natural gas pipelines is proposed based on the existing electric gas coupling integrated energy system. The original model which is difficult to solve is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming model by introducing auxiliary variables, and the CPLEX solver is called to solve it. Finally, the economic advantages of collaborative planning of electricity-gas-storage system are verified by an example, and the connection of power storage and gas storage can reduce system pressure and optimize equipment selection.
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Chen, Tang, Sun, Zhou, Wang, and Mao. "Reliability Evaluation Method Considering Demand Response (DR) of Household Electrical Equipment in Distribution Networks." Processes 7, no. 11 (November 3, 2019): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110799.
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The load characteristic of typical household electrical equipment is elaborately analyzed. Considering the electric vehicles’ (EVs’) charging behavior and air conditioning’s thermodynamic property, an electricity price-based demand response (DR) model and an incentive-based DR model for two kinds of typical high-power electrical equipment are proposed to obtain the load curve considering two different kinds of DR mechanisms. Afterwards, a load shedding strategy is introduced to improve the traditional reliability evaluation method for distribution networks, with the capacity constraints of tie lines taken into account. Subsequently, a reliability calculation method of distribution networks considering the shortage of power supply capacity and outages is presented. Finally, the Monte Carlo method is employed to calculate the reliability index of distribution networks with different load levels, and the impacts of different DR strategies on the reliability of distribution networks are analyzed. The results show that both DR strategies can improve the distribution system reliability.
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Sivokon, Vladimir, Nina Cherneva, and Evgeniy Malkin. "Diagnostics of geomagnetically-induced currents in high-tension electric transmission lines." E3S Web of Conferences 127 (2019): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912702008.
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The problem of geomagnetically-induced currents (GIC) effect on electrotechnical systems is topical as long as uninterrupted power distribution is critically important for all the spheres of human activity. Our investigations showed the possibility of GIC diagnostics based on the estimates of industrial current higher harmonics and showed that even harmonics correlate with the Earth magnetic field changes in a greater degree. However, the measurements carried out in 220 V network showed low and not always univocal correlation of the processes. Thus, we propose a technique for diagnostics of geomagnetically-induced currents in high-tension electric transmission lines**.
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Perepecheny, V. "Increasing the parameters of electrical distribution networks of town districts with low load density." Lighting engineering and power engineering 1, no. 57 (April 6, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x-2020-1-57-28-32.
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This article presents the results of research on the parameters of electrical networks with a voltage of 6 (10) and 0.38 kV in relation to capital investments. The analysis of existing methods of estimation of parameters before designing for power supply networks in a small town with low load density is carried out. In modern conditions, in the distribution of electrical networks is of paramount importance the introduction of energy-saving schemes and parameters of power supply systems. One of the main ways to implement them is to increase the efficiency of 6-10 / 0.38 kV networks. In the actual design of electrical networks, economic proportionality can not always be maintained for various reasons: the impact of technical constraints, the discreteness of the rated power of transformers and cable crossing scales, a significant deviation of individual capacities of consumers from the average value. In that case there is an increase in the reduced costs. A methodology for determining the optimal power of transformer substations and optimal sections of 0.38 kV power transmission lines is proposed, taking into account the probable nature of the applied load. When assembling the power supply circuit for the optimal form of parameters, voltage, principles of voltage regulation and reactive power compensation. Decisions of this kind are substantiated by technical and economic comparisons of a series of technically acceptable variants of power supply networks. An important measure that facilitates the selection of the most economical option is the assessment of the proposed project, which relates to the selection of the optimal capacity of transformer substation (TS) networks using calculation formulas. The aim of the research was to improve the existing methods on the basis of separate accounting of the reliability coefficient of 0.38 kV and 6-10 kV network. Key words - electric power supply network, network parameters, transformer substation, load density, line wire section, specific load, unit costs, optimum parameter, distribution networks, electric energy.
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Li, Shi Bo, and Hong Jian Lu. "Application of Weibull Distribution in Calculating Ground Deformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.15.
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Weibull distribution was applied to calculate the ground subsidence and deflection value, in order to analysis accurately the influence of ground subsidence caused by underground mining on high voltage electric power lines. The results showed that the effect of reducing surface subsidence was notable and the high power line was working normally. It was accurate enough to calculate ground deformation by using Weibull distribution, and Matlab program can be used to solve the function feasibly.
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Arvind, Pratul, and Rudra Prakash Maheshwari. "A Gabor Filter Based Approach for Locating Faults in Distribution." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 5007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.5007.
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Electric Power Distribution System is a complex network of electrical power system. Also, large number of lines on a distribution system experiences regular faults which lead to high value of current. Speedy and precise fault location plays a pivotal role in accelerating system restoration which is a need of modern day. Unlike transmission system which involves a simple connection, distribution system has a very complicated structure thereby making it a herculean task to design the network for computational analysis. In this paper, the authors have simulated IEEE 13- node distribution system using PSCAD which is an unbalanced system and current samples are generated at the substation end. Considering the application of signal processing tools to power systems a talk of modern day research, Gabor decomposition of the current samples are also presented which is utilised for locating all ten types of faults. It is kept in mind that Gabor transform has not been applied to current samples of distribution system as per the literature available till date.
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Švanda, Michal, Didier Mourenas, Karla Žertová, and Tatiana Výbošt’oková. "Immediate and delayed responses of power lines and transformers in the Czech electric power grid to geomagnetic storms." Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 10 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2020025.
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Eruptive events of solar activity often trigger abrupt variations of the geomagnetic field. Through the induction of electric currents, human infrastructures are also affected, namely the equipment of electric power transmission networks. It was shown in past studies that the rate of power-grid anomalies may increase after an exposure to strong geomagnetically induced currents. We search for a rapid response of devices in the Czech electric distribution grid to disturbed days of high geomagnetic activity. Such disturbed days are described either by the cumulative storm-time Dst or d(SYM-H)/dt low-latitude indices mainly influenced by ring current variations, by the cumulative AE high-latitude index measuring substorm-related auroral current variations, or by the cumulative ap mid-latitude index measuring both ring and auroral current variations. We use superposed epoch analysis to identify possible increases of anomaly rates during and after such disturbed days. We show that in the case of abundant series of anomalies on power lines, the anomaly rate increases significantly immediately (within 1 day) after the onset of geomagnetic storms. In the case of transformers, the increase of the anomaly rate is generally delayed by 2–3 days. We also find that transformers and some electric substations seem to be sensitive to a prolonged exposure to substorms, with a delayed increase of anomalies. Overall, we show that in the 5-day period following the commencement of geomagnetic activity there is an approximately 5–10% increase in the recorded anomalies in the Czech power grid and thus this fraction of anomalies is probably related to an exposure to GICs.
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Li, Liusong, Weichao Jin, Meiyan Shen, Li Yang, Fei Chen, Lei Wang, Chao Zhu, Haiwei Xie, Yating Li, and Tianhan Zhang. "Coordinated Dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems Considering the Differences of Multiple Functional Areas." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102103.
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A large amount of wind turbine power and photovoltaic power is abandoned in many areas with abundant renewable energy due to thermal-electric coupling, inadequate local consumption capacity, and limited capacity of transmission lines, etc. To solve the above problems, a coordinated dispatching method for integrated energy systems is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the spatiotemporal characteristics of diversified loads in multiple functional areas are introduced, including the inertia and elasticity of heating/cooling loads, the spatiotemporal distribution of electric vehicles, and the optimum transmission distance of diversified loads, etc. Secondly, a coordinated dispatching model of integrated energy systems is proposed, which considers the differences of multiple functional areas and various forms of energy systems. Finally, an actual distribution system in Jianshan District, Haining, Zhejiang Province of China is investigated for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results illustrate that the proposed model could effectively improve the consumption rate of renewable energy and reduce the volatility of renewable energy by considering the coordination of electric vehicles, tie lines, and heating/cooling systems in multiple functional areas.
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Chen, Hsing‐Yi, Chen‐Kuen Peng, and Wen‐Chin Lan. "Electric field distributions inside a metallic house located under 345KV power lines." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 21, no. 6 (September 1998): 761–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1998.9670434.
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Obukoeroro, John, and H. E. Uguru. "Appraisal of electrical wiring and installations status in Isoko area of Delta State, Nigeria." Journal of Physical Science and Environmental Studies 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36630/jpses_21001.
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Electricity is the prime mover of every economy; hence there is a need to maintain its generation, distribution and consumption. This study was carried out to appraise the status of electrical wiring in the Isoko area of Delta State, Nigeria. A total of 300 residential buildings, 200 makeshift shops and 100 artisan workshops were sampled and their structures, state of connection, overvoltage protection (cut-out fuse) and earthing were accessed. 100 questionnaires were distributed to electricians involved in electrical wiring and installations in the study area. Results obtained from the questionnaires revealed that only 71% of the residential buildings, 23% of the makeshift shops, and 8% of the artisan workshops made use of electric cables that met the NIS recommendations. For electric cable connections, it was observed that there was a lapse in the connections; mostly in the artisan workshops, as some service cables were not properly tightened to the distribution lines. Only 75% of the residential buildings, 53% of the makeshift shops, and 5% of the artisan workshops had approved rating cut-out fuse. It was observed that in artisan workshops, welding machines were connected directly to the service lines. Furthermore, the results revealed that 42% of the residential buildings, 87% of the makeshift shops and 99% of the artisan’s workshops lacked proper earthing. These results revealed electrical risks in many makeshift shops and artisan workshops and the need for the relevant authorities to act fast to minimize power outrage and prevent electrical tragedies in the study area. Keywords: Artisan, electrical wiring, energy theft, makeshift shops, residential buildings
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Abdikulova, Z. K., and E. O. Zhaparov. "СALCULATION AND CHOICE OF ELECTRIC CHART OF SUBSTATION OF THE КENTAU TRANSFORMER PLANT." BULLETIN Series of Physics & Mathematical Sciences 70, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-2.1728-7901.21.
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Electric supply system in enterprises must provide with electrical supply continuity and reliability as in normal and accidental regimes, quality electro energetic, production efficiency, so in connection with these in the article there have been analyzed work regimes of substations, studied electrical net scheme for Kentau Transformer Plant’s substation, calculated plant’s loads and short circuit currents and on the base of the calculated results curried out inspection for the chosen equipment. The number of connections, reliability of power supply and prospects for development are the determining factors for choosing the electrical scheme of high-voltage switchgears. You also need to take into account the need to conduct audits and tests of switches without interruption. In our case, we have four connections: two communication lines with electrical systems and two transformers. The distribution devices of the substation of the Kentau transformer plant are connected to the transformers according to a block scheme. Electrical installations are connected to the network transformer unit or receive backup power from another substation, since in case of failure of one network, both transformers can not work with the rest of the network. Based on this, measures are proposed for the reconstruction of the substation, with the replacement of the block diagram of the switchgear with the circuit for connecting the power transformer to the switchgear by a bus bridge. Offered measurements on reconstruction of the substation by replacing block scheme of switchgears to scheme of power transformer connection with DD bus bridge. Worked out main modernization problems of the substation switchgear, done calculation and selection of distributing bus bars for arranging switchgear.
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López-Sánchez, José Ángel, Francisco Javier Garrido-Jiménez, Jose Luis Torres-Moreno, Alfredo Chofre-García, and Antonio Gimenez-Fernandez. "Limitations of Urban Infrastructure for the Large-Scale Implementation of Electric Mobility. A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 4253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104253.
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The large-scale implementation of electric vehicles involves many challenges, including the stress on electric distribution networks. In order to quantify this impact, an input–output methodology applied to a case study in a representative urban context is proposed. The analysis shows that, on average, a standard distribution network can withstand 40% electric vehicle penetration without an increase in its capacity, always in the case of slow night charging. Higher levels of penetration are difficult to obtain without electric grid reinforcements because both lower energy prices and usual transport habits create a strong peak power demand during the night. The study also confirms that semi-fast or fast charging systems are not acceptable as domestic technologies due to the lack of capacity in transformation centers and their unsuitability for standard low voltage lines.
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Sánchez-Moctezuma, Elvia-Andrea, Laura-Jaqueline Santander-Hernández, Fernanda Álvarez-Mendoza, and César Angeles-Camacho. "Real-Time Analysis of the Impedance–Temperature Relationship in Electric Distribution Lines Using PMUs." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061661.
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In this paper, an efficient method to compute the phase impedance of a power distribution line is presented. This paper’s main interest is to collect and analyze the impedance–temperature profiles in distribution lines by employing real-time phasor measurement units (PMUs) voltage and current measurements. The monitoring system has been developed for microgrids integrating ocean energies within the scope of the Mexican Ocean Energy Innovation Centre (CEMIE-Océano), contributing to marine energy tools’ innovation and development. The development tool can easily be applied to other distribution network components or to monitor microgrids with renewable-energy generation.
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Anishchenko, V. A., and I. V. Gorokhovik. "Influence of Oil-Filled Transformers Overload Capacity on the Throughput Capacity of the Electrical Network." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 61, no. 4 (July 20, 2018): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-4-310-320.
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During the operation of the electric power system, there is often a need to overload its individual elements (generators, power transformers, overhead and cable power lines, switching electric devices) for a period lasting from several dozens of minutes to a day. The overloads can be caused by intentional disconnection of parallel elements of the system because of scheduled preventive repairs, post-accident disconnections, as well as an unexpected increase in electricity consumption due to the impact of various factors. The overload capacity of the system elements makes it possible to increase operational reliability of power supply to consumers without additional expenditures while maintaining, in most cases, the almost normal service life of electrical equipment. Oil-filled transformers have the greatest potential overload capacity power, which makes it possible to consider them as a significant source of increasing the capacity of the transmission and distribution networks of the electric power system. Excessive over-current of power oil-filled transformers significantly reduces reliability and reduces their normal service life. This is due to the accelerated process of wear of the insulation material of the transfer windings as a result of overheating of the transformer oil, that causes structural changes and, as a consequence, to mechanical damage to the insulation of the windings; the latter can cause an electrical puncture. On the other hand, underestimation of the permissible overload of transformers might result in economic losses due to under-produced products when the functioning of the part of the transformers connected in parallel are ceased for scheduled preventive maintenance or as a result of forced emergency shutdowns. Therefore, there is a need to assess the potential of reasonable increase in the throughput capacity of the electrical network and, accordingly, the reliability of the power supply system, taking into account the requirements for the permissible loads of transformers when the electrical network and various operating modes are being designed.