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Skawinski, Grzegorz. "Fuel pump motor-drive systems for more electric aircraft." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527520.
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The fuel systems fitted to the current generation of civil transport aircraft are rather complicated, due to the presence of multiple tanks, pumps, valves and complex pipeline systems. During fuel transfer between the tanks, when controlling the aircraft centre of gravity or engine feed and refuel operations, a number of pumps and valves are involved resulting in complex pressure and flow interactions. In order to minimise the pressure surges during sudden system changes and flow overshoot during fuel transfer and refuelling, different motor drive system control strategies have been investigated. It is proposed that the current control method of electrically driven centrifugal-type pumps could be replaced by improved open and closed loop strategies where the flow overshoot can be minimised and pressure surges reduced. Steady-state and dynamic models of an AC induction motor drive and typical aircraft fuel system pipework components have been developed. The validation of these models has been performed using experimental data obtained from a fuel test rig constructed at the University of Bath using water as the working fluid. The simulation results have been shown to agree well with those from experimentation. In addition, the induction motor has been modelled based on its physical properties using the Finite Element Method software MEGA. The investigated fuel system has been described in linear terms and its behaviour has been identified. It is shown that the system dynamic behaviour can be controlled/improved using well established closed loop proportional-integral control. An open loop technique of simultaneous pump and valve control has been proposed and validated using experimental results, resulting in a reduction of both the transient pressure surges and flow overshoot during sudden valve closures, showing significant performance improvements. Improved closed loop control strategies for the pump drive system have also been developed in simulation. These are based on adaptive proportional-integral-derivative and fuzzy logic control strategies.
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Gao, Yuan, and 高源. "Control of chaos in advanced motor drives." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014784.
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Khan, Wasim. "Nonlinear and adaptive control of motor drives with compensation of drive electronics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13895.
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Bharadwaj, Aravind S. "Vector controlled induction motor drive systems." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-172143/.
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Beall, Jeffery C. "Stored waveform adaptive motor control." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45746.
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This study investigates an adaptive control scheme designed to maintain accurate motor speed control in spite of high-frequency periodic variations in load torque, load inertia, and motor parameters. The
controller adapts, stores and replays a schedule of torques to be delivered at discrete points throughout the periodic load cycle. The controller also adapts to non-periodic changes in load conditions which occur over several load cycles and contains inherent integrator control action to drive speed error to zero. Using computer simulations, the control method was successfully applied to a 3Φ synchronous motor and a permanent magnet D.C. motor. The D.C. motor (or A.C. servo-motor) controller has superior characteristics and this system performance was compared to P, PI and PID control for two severe load cases - a periodic step load and a four-bar linkage load. Simulation studies showed the schedule control method to be stable and in comparison to the PID controller to have 1) nearly the same speed of response but without the overshoot found in PID control, 2) nearly the same mean speed error (~ O), 3) 12-50 times better reduction in speed fluctuation, and 4) the schedule controller gains were much easier to find than PID gains for this low-order, highly responsive system.Master of Science
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Saad, S. "Efficiency of mining electrical variable speed drive systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381103.
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Samaranayake, Lilantha. "Distributed control of electric drives via Ehernet." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Electrical Systems, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1656.
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This report presents the work carried out aiming towardsdistributed control of electric drives through a networkcommunication medium with temporal constraints, i.e, Ethernet.A general analysis on time delayed systems is carried out,using state space representation of systems in the discretetime domain. The effect of input time delays is identified andis used in the preceding controller designs. The main hardwareapplication focused in this study is a Brushless DC servomotor, whose speed control loop is closed via a 10 MbpsSwitched Ethernet network. The speed control loop, which isapproximately a decade slower than the current control loop, isopened and interfaced to the network at the sensor/actuatornode. It is closed at the speed controller end at another nodein the same local area network (LAN) forming a distributedcontrol system (DCS).
The Proportional Integral (PI) classical controller designtechnique with ample changes in parameter tuning suitable fortime delayed systems is used. Then the standard Smith Predictoris tested, modified with the algebraic design techniqueCoefficient Diagram Method (CDM), which increases the systemdegrees of freedom. Constant control delay is assumed in thelatter designs despite the slight stochastic nature in thetiming data observations. Hence the poor transient performanceof the system is the price for the robustness inherited to thespeed controllers at the design stage. The controllability andobservability of the DCS may be lost, depending on the range inwhich the control delay is varying. However a state feedbackcontroller deploying on-line delay data, obtained by means ofsynchronizing the sensor node and controller node systemclocks, results in an effective compensation scheme for thenetwork induced delays. Hence the full state feedbackcontroller makes he distributed system transient performanceacceptable for servo applications with the help of poleplacement controller design.
Further, speed synchronizing controllers have been designedsuch that a speed fluctuation caused by a mechanical loadtorque disturbance on one motor is followed effectively by anyother specified motor in the distributed control network with aminimum tracking or synchronizing error. This type ofperformance is often demanded in many industrial applicationssuch as printing, paper, bagging, pick and place and materialcutting.
Keywords:Brushless DC Motor, Control Delay, DistributedMotion Control Systems, Proportional Integral Controller, SmithPredictor, Speed Synchronization, State Feedback Controller,Stochastic Systems, Switched-Ethernet, Synchronizing Error,Time Delayed Systems, Tracking Error
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Yeoh, Seang Shen. "Control strategies for the More Electric Aircraft starter-generator electrical power system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34098/.
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The trend towards development of More Electric Aircraft (MEA) has been driven by increased fuel fossil prices and stricter environmental policies. This is supported by breakthroughs in power electronic systems and electrical machines. The application of MEA is expected to reduce the aircraft mass and drag, thereby increasing fuel efficiency and reduced environmental impact. The starter-generator (S/G) scheme is one of the solutions from the MEA concept that brings the most significant improvement to the electrical power generation system. A S/G system is proposed from the possible solutions brought by the MEA concept in the area of electrical power generation and distribution. Due to the wide operating speed range, limited controller stability may be present. This thesis contributes to the control plant analysis and controller design of this MEA S/G system. The general control requirements are outlined based on the S/G system operation and the control structure is presented. The control plants are derived specifically to design the controllers for the S/G control scheme. Detailed small signal analysis is performed on the derived plant while taking into consideration the aircraft operating speed and load range. A safe range for the controller gains can then be determined to ensure stable operation throughout the S/G operation. Adaptive gain and a novel current limit modifier are proposed which improves the controller stability during S/G operation. Model predictive control is considered as an alternative control strategy for potential control performance improvements with the S/G system. The technical results and simulations are supported by Matlab®/Simulink® based models and validated by experimental work on a small scaled drive system.
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Wai, Lo-kau. "Microprocessor-based field-oriented control of a synchronous motor drive using a three-phase solid-state sinusoidal current source /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12434425.
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韋盧溝 and Lo-kau Wai. "Microprocessor-based field-oriented control of a synchronous motor drive using a three-phase solid-state sinusoidal current source." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208940.
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Chen, Yan. "Energy-Efficient Control Allocation for Over-Actuated Systems with Applications to Electric Ground Vehicles." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366305314.
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Chandrasekharan, Santhosh. "Development of a tractor-semitrailer roll stability control model." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196260360.
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Sagar, Pidaparthi. "A knowledge-based control system model for variable speed a.c. drives." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253731.
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PATEL, TARPIT KAUSHIKBHAI. "MOTION-CONTROL SYSTEM OF BENCH-TOP CT SCANNER." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1229708881.
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Ramayya, George Joseph. "Two-Speed Control Of Compressors In Residentlial Air-Conditioning Systems." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1401726439.
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Donner, Mark. "Modelling, real-time simulation and control of automotive windscreen wiper systems for electronic control unit development." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77722/.
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In recent years there has been a growth in the automotive industry, coupled with a growth in the amount of electronic components and systems in a modern vehicle. The higher amount of electronics has led to an increased amount of Electronic Control Units (ECU) in a vehicle which require advanced simulation based testing procedures throughout their development process. One such method is Hardware in the Loop (HIL) simulation in which a real ECU is connected to simulation models of its environment via a real-time simulator. This project is concerned with developing a plant model of a windscreen wiper system for use in the development of Jaguar Land Rover’s (JLR) body electronics ECU. The system is divided into four parts which are modelled separately: Wiper motor, linkages, arm and blades, and the windscreen environment. The wiper motor and mechanical elements models are derived and implemented using the physical modelling tools SimScape and SimMechanics. A dynamic friction model describing the interaction between the wiper blades and the windscreen is developed, based on results presented in the literature. A simple aerodynamic model describing the forces on the wiper blades is also established. The parameters of the models are derived using three sequential optimisation methods: Transfer function parameter identification, Genetic Algorithms (GA) and a nonlinear least squares local optimiser. A transfer function relating the motor current to the voltage was derived for step one, and a bespoke GA has been developed for step two. The parameters were successfully identified. Following this, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) were used to convert the physical models into real-time capable models suitable for HIL simulation. Finally, adaptive control systems are designed in order to maintain the motor at a constant velocity. The models are presented in a Simulink library and graphical user interface modelling tool for ease of use.
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Khorbotly, Sami. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LOW COST DE-NOISING SYSTEMS FOR REAL-TIME CONTROL APPLICATIONS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1180976720.
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Johnson, Lise. "DECODING ELECTRIC FIELDS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: INVESTIGATIONS OF INFORMATION STORAGE AND TRANSFER IN THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193574.
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Electrical potentials are the fundamental currency of communication in the nervous system. The advanced executive functions of the prefrontal cortex and the motor commands delivered to the neuromuscular junction, though involved with very different aspects of behavior, both rely on time-varying electrical signals. It is possible to "listen to" the internal communications of the nervous system by measuring the electrical potentials in the extra-cellular space. However, this is only meaningful if there is some way to interpret these signals, which are incredibly complicated and information rich. This dissertation represents an attempt to decode some of these signals in order to reveal their significance for behavior and function. The first study is an investigation of the relationship between different elements of the local field potential in the prefrontal cortex and memory consolidation. It is shown that certain electrographic signatures of non-rapid eye movement sleep, namely K-complexes and low-voltage spindles, are correlated with neuronal replay of recent experiences. It is also shown that the global fluctuations of activity in the population of cells, known as up/down states, is correlated with neuronal replay. Finally, it is shown that high-voltage spindles are not correlated with memory replay, and are therefore functionally different from low-voltage spindles. The second study focuses on the relationship between movements of the upper limb and the coordinated neural control, as measured by the electromyogram (EMG), of the muscles generating that movement. We show that different probability-based models can be used to predict what the pattern of EMG in the different muscles will be for any given kinematic state of the hand. In the third study it is demonstrated that the kinematic output associated with a particular pattern of EMG can be reproduced with electrical stimulation. Thus, it is not only possible to understand the commands issued by the nervous system, it is also possible to issue commands by interfacing with the nervous system directly. Finally, the design for an experiment that would combine EMG prediction with translation of EMG into electrical stimulus patterns is presented. The objective of this study would be to use these methods to fully control the upper limb in a way that would be useful for a functional electrical stimulation-based neuroprosthetic for spinal cord injured patients.
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Thapa, Ravi Chandra. "Damping Interarea Oscillations in Power Systems with DFIG." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29173.
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With rapid depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns, the trend to capture renewable energy, especially through wind energy resources, is increasing. The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is the most widely used generator for wind energy conversion because of its various advantages over other types of generators. In a DFIG, the rotor is fed through back to back converters via slip rings. The converters enable the generation control. This control property can be used to support reliable operation of a grid network system. Interarea oscillation has been a major factor in limiting power transfers in interconnected power systems. Poorly damped modes can trigger oscillatory instability, potentially leading to cascading blackouts in such systems. We consider a two-area system where DFIG based wind generation is integrated with conventional synchronous generators. A simple controller is proposed for the DFIG to improve damping of interarca oscillations. To support the proposition, case studies are conducted in Matlab/Simulink. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is then analyzed by eigenvalue analysis and verified with time domain simulation results. The results show that a properly tuned controller can increase the damping of dominant oscillatory mode by nearly 5% while improving the area transfer by about 200 MW of wind power. The results further show that
with the proposed control strategy, damping of dominant oscillatory mode increased by more than 10%.North Dakota State University. Graduate School
North Dakota State University. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
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Kendall, Ian R. "Key challenges in the development of automotive software-based electronic control systems : executive summary." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73119/.
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This document is the executive summary of the author's Engineering Doctorate portfolio. It is entitled "Key Challenges in the Development of Automotive Software-based Electronic Control Systems", and presents the main results from two distinct but interrelated projects, each of which addresses a different challenge. It begins with an introduction to automotive software-based electronic control systems, and emphasises the problems associated with the use of software. The first project was concerned with using software in a safety-related control system, and addressed the issue of how to demonstrate that it was sufficiently safe, i.e. that there was sufficient confidence that the software would behave as expected, even under fault conditions. The second project was concerned with the investigation and introduction of a new simulation technology for developing electronic control systems. It sought to address the challenge presented by the need to develop ever more complex systems, whilst at the same time reducing dependence on prototype testing, and reducing the time available for development. The projects ran concurrently throughout, and both were perfonned within the ElectricallElectronic Engineering department at Jaguar Cars, who are responsible for the development of all the control systems within Jaguar's products. This summary concludes with a section which hypothesises on the future direction for automotive software-based electronic control system technology, against a context of the business environment in which the industry operates.
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Zare, Abbas. "Implementation of Embedded Control System for Electric Drives based on Automatic Code Generation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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This project focuses on an improved methodology for embedded software development. MATLAB and Simulink allow the user to simplify control algorithm development for specific applications and load the implemented algorithms into the embedded target.
MATLAB allows constructing the control algorithms and its interface to different Digital Signal Processor (DSP) modules, such as A/D or D/A conversions and ePWM, as a block scheme in Simulink library. For example, Texas Instrument (TI) Company in collaboration with MATLAB allows the user to create a link between different DSPs of the TI and MATLAB software via the Simulink environment in order to generate automatically embedded C code adopted for different embedded targets.
The concepts of rapid prototyping and digital control technique in this project are realized based on using the Piccolo TMSF28035 TI C2000 MCU in conjunction with the Matlab/Simulink software based on an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as Code Composer Studio. Matlab/Simulink environment is used for the design, optimization, and off-line simulations of the model and power electronic circuits. The Real-Time Workshop converts the Simulink model to C or C++ programming code. Subsequently, the executable C code is automatically compiled to the assembly language for the TI C2000 MCUs, assembled, link-edited, and downloaded.
For the closed-loop controller, digital PI control is implemented and the values of the PI are defined by the pole placement method. Once the control scheme is built in Simulink, by automatic code generation capability of the MATLAB, the algorithm model is loaded into the DSP and runs the generated program.
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Barlow, Jacob L. "Hardware-in-the-Loop control of a cascaded multi-level converter." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1193.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedNext-generation U.S. Navy destroyers, known as DD(X), will use electric drive motors to meet their propulsion needs instead of the traditional mechanical drives. The use of electric drive motors in naval vessels has spurred the development of high power converters. This thesis examines the feasibility of using an advanced control algorithm known as Sine-triangle Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) in combination with a Cascaded Multi-Level Converter (CMLC) in order to meet the U.S. Navy's strict requirements. The SPWM control algorithm was designed in Simulink and experimentally tested on a CMLC previously constructed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The controller and converter successfully powered a quarter horsepower three-phase induction motor.
Ensign, United States Navy
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França, Alex Pereira. "Controle preditivo não-linear baseado em multimodelos aplicado ao motor de indução." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258912.
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Orientador: Edson BimDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T22:20:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franca_AlexPereira_M.pdf: 3058764 bytes, checksum: beb5e6bdbba91505ff0ef14262e6be5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Uma abordagem preditiva global-local para o controle de um motor de indução é apresentado nesta tese. O conceito de controle preditivo diz respeito a uma classe de controladores que tem se desenvolvido muito no âmbito do controle de sistemas de conversão de energia nos últimos anos, acompanhando o desenvolvimento da capacidade computacional dos sistemas microprocessados ao longo da última década. A técnica proposta é fundamentada numa lei de controle baseada em uin modelo identificado de um motor de indução. A identificação se dá de maneira experimental a partir da simulação de um motor de indução indiretamente orientado em função do fluxo do rotor, através de um modelo fuzzy do tipo Takagi-Sugeno TS com Funções de Base Ortonormal no consequente das regras.As ações de controle locais são combinadas são combinadas pela ativação das regras do modelo local devido, e a ação de controle global resultante é aplicada ao controle de velocidade do motor de indução. Este método permite ao controlador a inclusão nos parâmetros de controle das não-linearidades e restrições inerentes ao controle do máquinas elétricas
Abstract: A predictive global-local approach technic for induction motor control is presented in this thesis. Predictive control is a very wide class of controllers that have found rather recent applications in the control of electrical machines. Research on this topic has been increased in the last years due to the possibilities of today s microprocessors used for control. The proposed technique is founded on a identified model based predictive control. The identification technique applied in this method is based on the black box modeling of a Indirect Rotor Flux Oriented Induction Motor in stationary reference system through Takagi-Sugeno-TS fuzzy models with orthonormal base functions - OBF - on the rules consequents. Control actions are matched by local activation of the model rule because local and global control action is applied to speed control of an induction motor. This method allows the inclusion in the control parameters of non-linearities and constraints inherent the control of electrical machines
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Pienaar, Schalk Willem. "Simulation based calibration of turbo-charger boost control." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/703.
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Hayakawa, Yoshikazu, and Akira Ito. "Design of Fault Tolerant Control System for Electric Vehicles with Steer-By-Wire and In-Wheel Motors." International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20771.
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Strauss, Johannes Matthias. "Direct piston displacement control of free-piston Stirling engines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85604.
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Thesis (PhD)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Control of beta-type free-piston Stirling engines has been the topic of research and development for many years. In this dissertation, an alternative approach to free-piston Stirling engine control, namely direct piston displacement control, is proposed. Direct piston displacement control entails the instantaneous and direct control of the piston displacement to control the engine according to preferred criteria, e.g. maximum power conversion or efficiency. To control free-piston engines in this manner, it is necessary to independently control both the displacement of the displacer and the power piston in real time. The primary arrangement by which to achieve this is through external control of the instantaneous forces exerted by the linear electrical machines fixed to the pistons. The challenge of displacement control is whether suitable linear machine technology exists or whether technology could be established that would adhere to the requirements of real time direct control. To answer the question whether direct piston displacement control is at all possible, a process was followed to set specifications that linear machines should adhere to and to set design guidelines for linear machines and free-piston Stirling engines. The first step was to establish the ability to simulate free-piston Stirling engine dynamics accurately. This was done by adapting a second order formulation and to verify and improve the accuracy thereof by comparing simulated results with experimental results of one of the best documented Stirling engines, namely the GPU-3 engine. It was found that this second order formulation could simulate the GPU-3 engine to a fair degree of accuracy. Key indicators were defined and later refined with the view of setting specifications. A case study of the influence of a range of variations, including operational, dimensional and other variations, on the dynamics of the GPU-3 was then undertaken. From the findings of this case study, specifications of the key indicators and design guidelines were established. A design optimisation approach was proposed to evaluate linear machine topologies. This approach makes specific provision for the specifications that linear machines need to adhere to, as well as for representative dynamic responses of the forces exerted on the linear machine by the displacer or the power piston. These representative responses and the associated piston displacement were determined for the displacer, the power piston and the combination of the two from the study conducted to set specifications. An air-core, longitudinal flux linear machine with surface mounted permanent magnets (LFPM) was then evaluated to determine its suitability for direct piston displacement control. This linear machine topology was optimised for the traditional approach to establish a benchmark with which to compare subsequent optimisations. The LFPM linear machine not only compared well with other topologies for the traditional application in resonant free-piston Stirling engines, but it was found also to be able to perform displacement control for both the displacer and the power piston. For both pistons, displacement should however be limited to sinusoidal displacement, and in the case of the displacer, an important qualification is that the linear machine should be assisted by spring forces to reach practical design optimisations. Direct piston displacement control is shown to be possible. Future work should concentrate on the practical implementation thereof in free-piston Stirling engines.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die beheer van beta-tipe vrysuier Stirling enjins is al vir baie jare die onderwerp van navorsing en ontwikkeling. In hierdie proefskrif word ’n alternatiewe benadering tot vrysuier Stirlingenjins voorgestel, naamlik direkte suierverplasingsbeheer. Direkte suierverplasingsbeheer behels die oombliklike en direkte beheer van die suierverplasing om die enjin volgens voorkeur kriteria, soos maksimum drywingsomsetting of benuttingsgraad, te beheer. Om vrysuier enjins op hierdie wyse te beheer, is dit noodsaaklik om intyds die verplasing van beide die verplaser en die werksuier onafhanklik te beheer. Die primêre wyse om dit te bereik is deur eksterne beheer van die oomblikskragte wat uitgevoer word deur die lineêre masjiene wat vas is aan die suiers. Die uitdaging van verplasingsbeheer is of toepaslike lineêre masjien tegnologie bestaan en of tegnologie gevestig kan word wat sal voldoen aan die vereistes van intydse direkte beheer. Om die vraag te beantwoord of direkte suierverplasingsbeheer hoegenaamd moontlik is, is ’n proses gevolg om spesifikasies daar te stel waaraan lineêre masjiene moet voldoen en om ontwerpsriglyne vir lineêre masjiene en vrysuier Stirling enjins te stel. Die eerste stap was om die vermoë daar te stel om vrysuier Stirling enjin dinamika akkuraat te simuleer. Dit is gedoen deur ’n tweede orde formulering aan te pas en om die akkuraatheid daarvan te kontroleer en te verbeter deur gesimuleerde resultate met eksperimentele resultate van een van die bes gedokumenteerde Stirling enjins, naamlik die GPU-3 enjin, te vergelyk. Daar is bevind dat die tweede orde formulering die GPU-3 tot ’n redelike mate akkuraat kon simuleer. Sleutel aanwysers is gedefinieer en later verfyn met die oog op die daarstelling van spesifikasies. ’n Gevallestudie van die invloed van ’n reeks variasies, insluitende operasionele, dimensionele en ander variasies, op die dinamika van die GPU-3 is onderneem. Gegrond op die bevindinge van hierdie gevallestudie kon spesifikasies en ontwerpsriglyne vasgestel word. ’n Ontwerpsoptimeringsbenadering is voorgestel om lineêre masjiene te evalueer. Hierdie benadering maak spesifiek voorsiening vir die spesifikasies waaraan lineêre masjiene moet voldoen, sowel as verteenwoordigende dinamiese response van die kragte wat op die lineêre masjien van die verplaser en die werksuier uitgeoefen word. Vanaf die bevindinge van die studie wat uitgevoer is om spesifikasies daar te stel, is verteenwoordigende response en gepaardgaande suierverplasing bepaal vir die verplaser, die werksuier en die kombinasie van die twee. ’n Lugkern, longitudinale vloed lineêre masjien met oppervlak-gemonteerde permanente magnete (LVPM) is toe geëvalueer om die geskiktheid daarvan te bepaal vir direkte suierverplasingsbeheer. Hierdie lineêre masjien topologie is geoptimeer vir die tradisionele benadering om ’n maatstaf te vestig waarteen daaropvolgende optimerings vergelyk kan word. Die LVPM lineêre masjien vergelyk nie net goed met ander topologieë vir die tradisionele toepassing in resonante vrysuier Stirling enjins nie, maar daar is ook bevind dat dit in staat is om verplasingsbeheer te doen vir beide die verplaser en die werksuier. Vir beide suiers moet die verplasing egter tot sinusvormige verplasing beperk word en in die geval van die verplaser, is ’n belangrike kwalifikasie dat die lineêre masjien ondersteun moet word deur veerkragte om praktiese ontwerpsoptimerings te bereik. Daar is aangetoon dat direkte suierverplasingsbeheer moontlik is. Toekomstige werk moet konsentreer op die praktiese implementering daarvan in vrysuier Stirling enjins.
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Telford, Cody L. "An Investigation of the Ward Leonard System for Use in a Hybrid or Electric Passenger Vehicle." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3529.
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Since the early 1900's demand for fuel efficient vehicles has motivated the development of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Unfortunately, some components used in these vehicles are expensive and complex. Today's consumer electric vehicles use dangerously high voltage,expensive electronic controllers, complex battery management systems and AC motors. The goal of this research at BYU is to increase safety by lowering the operating voltage and decrease cost by eliminating expensive controllers and decrease the number of battery cells. This paper specifically examines the use of a Ward Leonard Motor Control system for use in a passenger vehicle. The theory of the Ward Leonard system as an Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT) is presented along with its history and past uses. Analogous systems are presented and similarities made in an attempt to enlighten designers to a broader design approach to increase safety and decrease cost of an electric or hybrid electric vehicle. The results of this research include a characterization of the Ward Leonard system as an IVT for use in an electric or hybrid (EV or HEV) passenger vehicle. These results include a study of past uses of the Ward Leonard system and what method is now used as a replacement. The theory of the Ward Leonard system and it operation is explained to an extent that someone not familiar with electronics can understand its working principles. A Control Factor metric was developed as a result of this research to measure the Ward Leonard System's ability to reduce the size of the electronic controller for application in an EV or HEV. The potential cost reduction of the electronic controller that would be used to control the Ward Leonard System compared with current EV and HEV vehicles was also research and identified. A bench top model of the Ward Leonard system was tested validating the Control Factor metric. The Ward Leonard system is capable of reducing the controller size by 77% and potentially reducing its cost by 68% or more. This work also provides performance characteristics for automotive designers and offers several design alternatives for EV and HEV architectures allowing the reduction of high voltage, the use of AC inverters, AC motors, expensive controllers and high cell count battery packs.
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Wu, Tahchang Jimmy. "Simulation and analysis of the control system of the hybrid vehicle." Ohio : Ohio University, 1989. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182180337.
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Filadelfo, Fernando Ribeiro [UNESP]. "Modelagem de controle vetorial orientado pelo fluxo do estator de motor de indução trifásico aplicado em um sistema de propulsão veicular." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148748.
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Veículos elétricos são considerados a melhor alternativa aos veículos com motores de combustão interna, apresentando vantagens bastante significativas, tais como: emissão zero de poluentes, alta eficiência dos motores elétricos e baixa emissão de ruído acústico. O sistema de propulsão de um veículo elétrico consiste basicamente de uma ou mais fontes de energia, um ou mais motores, conversores de potência, componentes eletrônicos, componentes mecânicos para transmissão de torque e velocidade e rodas com pneus. Neste trabalho é proposta a modelagem de um sistema de propulsão para um veículo elétrico, que inclui o modelo dinâmico veicular para movimento longitudinal, o modelo dinâmico do motor elétrico, o modelo do conversor utilizado para acionamento do motor e o modelo do sistema de controle. Devido às características bastante adequadas para aplicação em sistemas de propulsão automotiva, o motor de indução trifásico é o selecionado para estudo. A estratégia de controle para acionamento do motor, foco deste trabalho, é o Controle Vetorial Direto Orientado pelo Fluxo do Estator, que garante alto desempenho, rápida resposta dinâmica e apresenta insensibilidade à variação de parâmetros do motor durante sua operação. São desenvolvidas novas técnicas para a reconstrução dos sinais das tensões do estator a partir de sinais de controle PWM do conversor e da tensão DC que alimenta o inversor e estimativa da amplitude e posição angular do vetor espacial do fluxo do estator, primordial para a estratégia de controle adotada. A modelagem é toda desenvolvida utilizando o software PSIM e os resultados de simulação são apresentados.
Electric vehicles are the best alternative to internal combustion engines vehicles, presenting significant advantages such as: zero emission of pollutants, high efficiency of electric motors and low noise emission. Basically, an electric vehicle propulsion system consists of one or more energy sources, one or more engines, power converters, electronic components, mechanical components for torque and speed transmission, and wheels with tires. This work proposes the modeling of a propulsion system for an electric vehicle, which includes the dynamic vehicle model for longitudinal movement, the dynamic model of the electric motor, the model of the converter used as motor driver and the model of the control system. Due to very suitable characteristics for application in automotive propulsion systems, three-phase induction motor is chosen for this study. Focus of this work, Direct Stator-Flux-Oriented Vector Control is the control strategy for the motor drive, which guarantees high performance, fast dynamic response and insensitivity due motor parameters variation during its operation. New techniques are developed for the reconstruction of the stator voltages signals from the PWM control signals of the converter and the DC voltage that feeds the inverter and the estimation of the amplitude and angular position of the spatial vector of the stator flux, primordial for the adopted control strategy. Modeling is developed using PSIM software and simulation results are presented.
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Gule, Nkosinathi. "Analysis and evaluation of brush-DC equivalent controlled multiphase cage induction machine drive." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6489.
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Thesis (PhD (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The multiphase induction machine drive has been under investigation for the last half century. Although it offers several attractive advantages over the conventional three-phase induction machine drive, it is restricted to highly specialised applications. One aspect of the multiphase induction machine drive is the complexity of the control algorithm for decoupled flux and torque control. The complexity, arising from the required coordinate transformations, increases with increase in the number of phases of the machine. Recently, a method that allows the control of a six-phase induction machine drive without any coordinate transformations was developed and tested. This new control technique allows the control of the machine to be similar to that of dc machines through the use of special trapezoidal-shaped stator current waveforms. These stator phase current waveforms consist of field (flux) and torque current components, with flat-topped amplitudes allowing a stator phase to act alternately in time as either a flux or a torque producing phase. The idea is to have a number of stator phases acting as flux producing phases, whilst the remaining phases act as torque producing phases at each time instance. This dissertation takes a further step in the research on this particular control technique. As the control method relates directly to the brush-dc machine operation, in this dissertation, the control method is defined as a “brush-dc equivalent” (BDCE) control method. First, in this dissertation, a simple analytical method is developed to determine a defined optimal ratio of the number of field to the number of torque phases of a multiphase induction machine that utilises trapezoidal stator current waveforms. The method is applied to induction machines with up to fifteen stator phases. Finite element analysis is used to verify the validity of the developed criterion and to verify the square-like air gap flux density. Secondly, in this dissertation, an analytical method for predicting and evaluating the rotor bar current waveform of a cage multiphase induction machine is proposed. The method is based on the Fourier transform and the winding function theory under linear condition assumptions. The method also allows for the calculation of the electromagnetic torque and rotor bar losses. Skin effect is considered in the calculation of the rotor bar resistance of the machine. Again, finite element analysis is used to verify the analytically calculated results. The developed method can be expanded and used to evaluate the rotor current waveform of any multiphase induction machine supplied with any stator current waveforms. The BDCE control method is implemented on a prototype nine-phase cage-rotor induction machine drive. A nine-phase inverter and control system are developed for supplying the nine-phase induction machine with the trapezoidal stator current waveforms. Rotor current waveform measurements are taken on a specially designed rotor to verify the analytically predicted waveform. The linear relationship of the developed torque and torque current of the proposed BDCE control method is verified through measurements. Through the comparison of analytical calculated results with finite element calculated and measured results, it is shown in this dissertation that the developed analytical techniques can be used in the design and performance analysis of multiphase induction machines. Also, from the results, it is clear that the new control technique works remarkably well even in the flux weakening region. However, outstanding aspects, such as efficiency and generated torque quality of the proposed drive still need to be investigated further.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die multifase induksiemasjien aandryfstelsel word in die laaste halwe eeu al in navorsing ondersoek. Alhoewel dit verskeie aantreklike voordele bied bo die konvensionele driefase induksiemasjien aandryfstelsel, is dit beperk tot hoogs gespesialiseerde aanwendings. Een aspek van die multifase induksiemasjien aandryfstelsel is die kompleksiteit van die beheer algoritme vir ontkoppelde vloed en draaimoment beheer. Die kompleksiteit, wat voortspruit uit die vereiste koördinaat transformasies, neem toe met toename in die aantal fases van die masjien. Onlangs is 'n metode wat die beheer van ’n sesfase induksiemasjien sonder enige koördinaat transformasies doen, ontwikkel en getoets. Hierdie nuwe beheertegniek maak die beheer van die masjien soortgelyk aan dié van GS masjiene deur die gebruik van spesiale trapezium-vormige statorstroom golfvorms. Hierdie stator fasestroom golfvorms bestaan uit veld- (vloed-) en draaimoment-stroom komponente met plat amplitudes, sodat 'n statorfase om die beurt in tyd optree as óf' ’n vloed of 'n draaimoment genereerde fase. Die idee is om 'n aantal statorfases te hê wat as vloed genereerde fases dien, terwyl die oorblywende fases as draaimoment genereerde fases optree op enige tydstip. Hierdie tesis neem 'n verdere stap in die navorsing op hierdie spesifieke beheertegniek. Met die beheermetode wat direk verband hou met borsel-GS masjien werking, word in hierdie proefskrif die beheermetode as 'n "borsel-GS ekwivalente" ["brush-DC equivalent" (BDCE)] beheermetode gedefinieer. In die eerste plek word in hierdie proefskrif 'n eenvoudige analitiese metode ontwikkel om ’n gedefinieerde optimale verhouding van die aantal veld tot die aantal draaimoment fases van 'n multifase induksiemasjien te bepaal, wat van trapesoïdale statorstroom golfvorms gebruik maak. Die metode word toegepas op induksiemasjiene met tot vyftien statorfases. Eindige element analise is gebruik om die geldigheid van die ontwikkelde kriterium te verifieer en om die vierkantvormige luggaping vloeddigtheid te verifieer. In die tweede plek word in hierdie proefskrif 'n analitiese metode vir die voorspelling en evaluering van die rotorstaafstroom golfvorm van 'n kourotor multifase induksiemasjien voorgestel. Die metode is gebaseer op die Fourier transform en die wikkelingsfunksie teorie onder lineêre-toestand aannames. Die metode wend hom ook daartoe tot die berekening van die elektromagnetiese draaimoment en rotorstaafverliese. Die huideffek word in ag geneem in die berekening van die rotorstaafweerstand van die masjien. Weereens is eindige element analise gebruik om die analitiese berekende resultate te verifieer. Die ontwikkelde metode kan uitgebrei en gebruik word om die rotorstroom golfvorm van van enige multifase induksiemasjien te evalueer wat gevoer word met enige statorstroom golfvorms. Die BDCE beheermetode is toegepas op 'n prototipe negefase kourotor induksiemasjien. 'n Negefase omsetter en beheerstelsel is ontwikkel vir die toevoer van die trapesoïdale statorstroom golfvorms aan die negefase induksiemasjien. Die rotorstroomgolfvorm metings is geneem op 'n spesiaal ontwerpte rotor om die analitiese voorspelde golfvorm te verifieer. Die lineêre verwantskap tussen die ontwikkelde draaimoment en draaimomentstroom van die voorgestelde BDCE beheermetode is geverifieer deur metings. Deur die analitiese berekende resultate met die eindige element berekende en gemete resultate te vergelyk, wys hierdie proefskrif dat die ontwikkelde analitiese tegnieke gebruik kan word in die ontwerp en werkverrigting analise van ’n multifase induksiemasjien. Vanuit die resultate is dit ook duidelik dat die nuwe beheertegniek besonder goed werk, selfs in die vloedverswakking spoedgebied. Egter, uitstaande aspekte soos effektiwiteit en genereerde draaimoment kwaliteit van die voorgestelde aandryfstelsel moet nog verder ondersoek word.
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Lazarini, Marcos Vinicius. "Controle direto de torque de motores de indução trifasicos sem sensores de velocidade usando a estrategia de controle por modos deslizantes." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258998.
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Orientador: Ernesto Ruppert FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo detalhado de uma configuração de controle direto de torque (DTC) de motores de indução trifásicos usando modulação em largura de pulsos por vetores espaciais, controlador de estrutura variável tipo modos deslizantes (sliding mode) e estimador de velocidade adaptativo do tipo MRAS (model reference adaptive system). Procurou-se apresentar um tutorial detalhado sobre o assunto onde, desde a modelagem matemática adequada do motor de indução trifásico e do controle direto de torque, da modelagem do controlador tipo modos deslizantes e do estimador MRAS até a programação do sistema em processador digital de sinais foram detalhadas. Construiu-se uma plataforma experimental no Laboratório de Eletrônica de Potência da FEEC/UNICAMP para comprovação dos resultados teóricos obtidos através de modelagens matemáticas e simulações digitais realizadas. Os resultados em geral se mostraram adequados e o trabalho certamente contribuiu bastante para a formação do autor para trabalhos de pesquisas científica e tecnológica. Espera-se que o resultado deste trabalho venha contribuir para o estudo de futuros pesquisadores e para o ensino de pós-graduação e, quem sabe de graduação também, nas áreas de controle, eletrônica de potência e controle de máquinas elétricas.
Abstract: This work presents a detailed study of a three-phase induction motor direct torque control (DTC) using space vector pulse width modulation, variable structure controller of sliding mode type and a MRAS rotor speed estimator (model reference adaptive system). It is shown here a detailed tutorial, covering the three-phase induction motor dynamic mathematical modeling and the direct torque control, the sliding mode controller and the MRAS estimator model, up to the digital signal processor programming structure. An experimental set-up was built in the Power Electronics Laboratory of the FEEC/UNICAMP in order to confirm the theoretical results obtained using dynamic simulation. The results obtained were considered adequate in various situations, and the development of this work became a fundamental contribution to the author in terms of his scientific and academic research skills improvement. It is expected that this work could contribute to the future researchers' learning process and also to the graduate and undergraduate control students, control of electrical machines students and power electronics learning process.
Mestrado
Automação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Hensley, Phillip Hayden. "Development and Analysis of a Mobile Node Tracking Antenna Control System." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011810/.
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A wireless communication system allows two parties to exchange information over long distances. The antenna is the component of a wireless communication system that allows information to be converted into electromagnetic radiation that propagates through the air. A system using an antenna with a highly directional beam pattern allows for high power transmission and reception of data. For a directional antenna to serve its purpose, it must be accurately pointed at the object it is communicating with. To communicate with a mobile node, knowledge of the mobile node's position must be gained so the directional antenna can be regularly pointed toward the moving target. The Global Positioning System (GPS) provides an accurate source of three-dimensional position information for the mobile node. This thesis develops an antenna control station that uses GPS information to track a mobile node and point a directional antenna toward the mobile node. Analysis of the subsystems used and integrated system test results are provided to assess the viability of the antenna control station.
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Adolfsson, Mattias. "Developing a Graphical Application to Control Stepper Motors with Sensorless Load Detection." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-452735.
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For positioning of linear stages in absolute coordinates, there is a general need to find a reference position since the initial one is unknown. This is commonly called homing. To reduce costs and facilitate assembly, homing can be performed without additional sensors, known as sensorless homing. This thesis delves into sensorless homing, specifically with respect to stepper motors, and develops a graphical application for control of them. The commercial technology StallGuard is applied inconjunction with exploration into how it – and sensorless load detectionin general – functions. The resulting graphical application can be used to configure the stepper motors, perform homing using StallGuard, and automatically tune StallGuard to work despite varying conditions. In addition, rudimentary sensorless load detection independent from StallGuard is developed, demonstrating how it could work in practice. Testing shows homing with StallGuard resulting in a position within a ±5μm window in 94% of cases, less than 1/7 the width of an average strand of human hair. Additionally, homing is easily performed with a single button press from the graphical interface, with optional additional configuration available.
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Espindola, Marcos Fernando. "Estudo e implementação de inversor de tensão a três níveis com modulação em largura de pulsos por vetores espaciais aplicado ao controle vetorial de motor síncrono de imãs permanentes = Study and implementation of three level voltage inverter with space vector modulation by pulse width modulation applied to vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259011.
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Orientadores: Ernesto Ruppert Filho, Marcelo Gradella VillalvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Apresenta-se a implementação de um inversor trifásico de tensão a três níveis para ser utilizado no controle de velocidade de um motor síncrono trifásico a imãs permanentes usando o método de controle vetorial. Realizou-se o estudo, projeto e construção de um inversor de tensão a três níveis com neutro grampeado ou inversor NPC neutral point clamped. Utilizou-se modulação em largura de pulsos por vetores espaciais no controle vetorial de velocidade do motor. Foram realizadas simulações do sistema proposto usando os aplicativos computacionais Matlab/Simulink e PSIM. Realizou-se em seguida uma montagem experimental constituída de um motor síncrono a imãs permanentes de 0,75 kW acoplado a um freio eletromagnético que lhe serviu de carga mecânica. O sistema motor e carga foi acionado pelo inversor com modulação em largura de pulsos por vetores espaciais e os resultados obtidos do controle de velocidade realizado, incluindo reversão de velocidade e frenação do motor, são apresentados no trabalho. Comparou-se também o desempenho de um inversor a três níveis usando modulação em largura de pulsos por vetores espaciais com o desempenho de um inversor a dois níveis usando modulação em largura de pulsos por vetores espaciais na alimentação de uma carga resistiva. Resultados de simulação e resultados experimentais são apresentados. Neste trabalho realizou-se uma comparação qualitativa entre o uso do inversor a dois níveis e do inversor a três níveis que mostra em que situações é conveniente utilizar o inversor a três níveis
Abstract: It is presented the implementation of a three phase three level voltage inverter to be used in the speed control of a three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor using the vector control method. To achieve this goal, it was carried out the study, design and construction of a three level neutral point clamped voltage inverter or NPC inverter. For the control of the motor it was used a space vector modulation. The proposed system was simulated using Matlab/Simulink and PSIM softwares. It was carried out an experimental assembly consisting of a 0.75 kW permanent magnet synchronous motor coupled to an electromagnetic brake as a mechanical load. The motor and load system were triggered by the inverter with space vector modulation. The results of the speed control, including reversal of speed and motor breaking, are presented in the study. The performance of a three level inverter using space vector modulation is compared to the performance of a two level inverter using space vector modulation feeding a resistive load. The simulation and experimental results are presented. In this work a qualitative comparison between the two level inverter and three level inverter was done showing in wich situations it is better to use the three level inverter
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Nogueira, Neto Guilherme Nunes 1978. "Viabilidade do emprego de mecanomiografia no controle motor artificial em lesados medulares empregando estimulação elétrica neuromuscular." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260582.
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Orientadores Vera Lúcia da Silveira Nantes Button, Percy NohamaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
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Resumo: A lesão medular afeta a condução dos sinais motores e sensoriais na medula. Com isso, a realização de movimentos voluntários por pessoas com lesão medular é prejudicada quando não impossível. A estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) é uma técnica que pode auxiliá-los a contornar essas dificuldades, pois possibilita ativar a musculatura de um membro paralisado. Embora a EENM em malha aberta seja capaz de produzir movimentos em um membro paralisado, ele não é capaz de compensar automaticamente desvios angulares devidos a distúrbios. Fenômenos supressores de desempenho muscular como a fadiga muscular e a adaptação neuronal podem comprometer a qualidade de um movimento funcional evocado artificialmente. Por isso, sistemas de controle são incorporados a estimuladores elétricos. A mecanomiografia (MMG) pode fornecer informações sobre a condição de um músculo em contração. Este trabalho investiga a viabilidade do emprego de sinais de MMG no controle da aplicação de EENM visando a sua incorporação em estratégias de controle de membros inferiores (MMII) em lesados medulares sem treinamento. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um sistema integrado de monitoração multiparamétrica e EENM com capacidade de incorporação do sinal de MMG na estratégia de controle. Um ensaio com voluntários hígidos e contrações isométricas de membros superiores (MMSS) apontou variações em parâmetros de MMG no início e final da contração. Outro ensaio analisou o sinal de MMG e de ângulo com controle de EENM em malha e cadeia abertas para indivíduos hígidos e lesados medulares. Sinais de MMG e EENM em contrações dinâmicas de MMII foram registrados. Com o sistema integrado, aplicou-se EENM com controle de ângulo de joelho em malha fechada obtendo- se estabilidade angular do joelho de um lesado medular. Finalmente, o sistema integrado aplicou controle para estabilizar o ângulo de joelho e monitorar sinais de MMG. Os resultados de ensaios experimentais mostraram que parâmetros espectrais, como a frequência média de potência, apresentaram variações entre o início e o fim da contração quando a amplitude de EENM apresentou taxas de incremento mais elevadas. Conclui-se que existe viabilidade no emprego de MMG em estratégias de controle de EENM para MMII de lesados medulares em estabilidade angular, observando-se a taxa de incremento/decremento da saída do estimulador
Abstract: Spinal cord injury affects conduction of motor and sensory signals that flow through the spinal cord. Therefore, the performance of voluntary movements by spinal cord injured (SCI) persons is impaired, if not impossible. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a technique that aids SCI individuals to overcome these difficulties, because it allows activation of paralyzed limb muscles. Though NMES in open loop and in open chain tasks is able to generate movements in paralyzed limbs, it is not capable to automatically compensate for angle deviations due to disturbances. Suppressive phenomena of muscle performance, such as muscle fatigue and motor neuron adaptation, can compromise the quality of an artificially elicited functional moment. Thus, closed-loop control systems are merged with electrical stimulators. Mechanomyography (MMG) can provide information about a contracting muscle condition. This work proposes to investigate the feasibility of using MMG signals in the control of NMES application aiming its incorporation in lower limb control strategies of untrained spinal cord injured persons. An integrated system was built, comprising a multiparametric acquisition system and a closed-loop controlled neuromuscular electrical stimulator. The integrated system is able to incorporate MMG signals in the control strategy. A test with healthy volunteers performing upper limb isometric contractions indicated variations in MMG parameters between the beginning and end of contraction. Another test investigated MMG signals and joint angles with NMES in open loop and in open chain to healthy and SCI individuals. NMES and MMG signals during lower limb dynamic contractions were registered. Using the integrated system, NMES was applied to the control of knee angle in closed loop configuration ensuring angular stability of both knees on a single SCI volunteer. Finally, the integrated system applied closed loop control to stabilize the knee angle, and monitored MMG signals. Experimental results revealed that spectral parameters such as mean power frequency presented variations between the beginning and end of contraction when NMES amplitude showed higher amplitude increase rates. In conclusion, there is feasibility of using MMG signals in control strategies of NMES for lower limbs of SCI persons in reasonable angle stability. However, one must observe the stimulator output increase/decrease rate
Doutorado
Engenharia Biomedica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Lu, Wenzhe. "Modeling and control of switched reluctance machines for electro-mechanical brake systems." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123550135.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 158 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-148). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Bem, Armando José Dal. "Um estudo da adaptabilidade dos sistemas eletrônicos de controle de malha fechada pelo sensor de oxigênio de motores ciclo Otto à gasolina ao receber álcool etílico hidratado como combustível alternativo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-16022016-122342/.
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Traz um histórico da utilização do álcool como combustível no Brasil, mostrando suas vantagens ambientais, sociais e econômicas. Apresenta as propriedades físico-químicas do álcool etílico anidro e hidratado e suas reações de combustão, enfatizando a razão ar/combustível e comparando-o com a gasolina pura e a gasolina comercial brasileira. Utiliza as teorias existentes sobre motores de combustão interna quatro tempos, para demonstrar a influência da adição progressiva de álcool etílico hidratado na gasolina sobre o rendimento, torque, potência e consumo em um motor a gasolina. Utiliza o mesmo procedimento de análise para determinar a influência sobre os itens citados anteriormente, em um motor a gasolina operando com álcool etílico hidratado, sem sofrer alteração da taxa de compressão. Analisa a miscibilidade de misturas álcool etílico hidratado e gasolina. Descreve e analisa os resultados experimentais de rendimento, torque, potência e consumo de um motor a gasolina com sistema eletrônico de controle digital, operando com variadas proporções de mistura álcool etílico hidratado e gasolina, sem alteração de suas características originais. Repete o experimento anterior para o motor operando com álcool etílico hidratado com alteração das características originais da EPROM do sistema de controle eletrônico.A historical approach to alcohol application as a fuel in Brazil is given, showing its environmental advantages and disadvantages. Physic-chemical properties of hydrous and anhydrous ethylic alcohol are presented, as well as its combustion reactions, emphasizing the ratio air/fuel and comparing it to pure gasoline and Brazilian commercial gasoline. Utilizes the existing theories about internal combustion motors in four times, to demonstrate the influence of progressive addition of hydrous ethylic alcohol in gasoline upon efficiency, torque, potency and consumption in a gasoline motor. Utilizes the same analysis procedure to determine the influence upon the previously cited items, in a gasoline motor, operating with hydrated ethylic alcohol, without suffering a compression rate alteration. Analyzes the miscibility of hydrous ethylic alcohol and gasoline mixture. Describes and analyzes experimental results of efficiency, torque, potency and consumption of a gasoline motor with a digitally controlled electric system, operating with varied proportions of hydrous ethylic alcohol and gasoline mixture, with no alteration in its original characteristics. Repeats the previous experiment with a motor operating with hydrous ethylic alcohol with alterations of the original characteristics in the electric control system EPROM.
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Gulec, Mustafa Alpertunga. "Vector Controlled Elevator Drive." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607186/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, a practical vector controlled elevator drive is presented. Indirect vector control of induction machine is investigated in theory and then implemented. Control technique is compared with scalar control and induction machine is compared with dc motor. The operation of the system depends on induction machine parameters, so how to accurately and automatically obtaining of the parameters is also presented. Finally, the elevator system is introduced, the application of this control system to the elevator system is described and a basic elevator control system is simulated.
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Aleman-Nieto, Alberto E. "Commande adaptative vectorielle d'un moteur asynchrone en utilisant un processeur de signal numérique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10141.
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Dans cette thèse, une étude en simulation a été effectuée afin de mettre en évidence l'effet de la température sur les performances de l'asservissement, et de chercher une solution pour y pallier. Deux solutions sont proposées, l'une effectuée en simulation et l'autre implémentée en temps réel: la première suppose l'existence d'une sonde de température permettant la mesure directe de la variation de la température. Sa compensation se fera alors en temps réel en adaptant le modèle de flux, la pulsation de glissement et les coefficients du régulateur de flux. La seconde fait une estimation de la variation de la constante de temps rotorique. Cette méthode consiste à injecter une séquence binaire pseudo-aléatoire (SBPA). Ensuite la variation de #R est estimée en utilisant la méthode d'intercorrélation entre le signal et son effet recueilli sur l'erreur de la vitesse. L'implémentation de la méthode d'identification pour adapter la constante de temps rotorique est faite en trois étapes: d'abord la méthode a flux oriente indirecte est mis en œuvre. Ceci permet aussi de mettre au point la structure matérielle de la commande. Ensuite, la méthode a flux oriente directe est implémentée. Ceci a permis d'une part, de valider les simulations et d'autre part de mettre au point la section qui fait l'estimation du flux rotorique. Enfin l'implémentation de la méthode d'injection de signal binaire pseudo-aléatoire et corrélation est expliquée. Ces trois étapes sont accompagnées d'une explication détaillée concernant leur mise en œuvre
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Costa, Bruno Leandro Galvão. "Metaheurísticas de otimização aplicadas na sintonia de controladores PI de um acionamento DTC-SVM para motores de indução trifásicos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3109.
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Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
Nos dias atuais, um enfoque considerável tem sido dado por pesquisas científicas aos acionamentos de motores elétricos, em destaque aos motores de indução trifásicos com rotor gaiola de esquilo, por serem comumente empregados em aplicações do dia-a-dia, principalmente em ambientes industriais, devido às suas inúmeras e bem conhecidas vantagens. Dentre algumas estratégias existentes para o acionamento destes motores, encontra-se o Controle Direto de Torque, um acionamento vetorial que proporciona um bom desempenho para aplicações de médias e baixas potências. Uma topologia dessa estratégia que envolve a utilização de um algoritmo de Modulação por Vetores Espaciais, denominada de DTC-SVM, tem sido amplamente considerada devido às suas vantagens frente à estrutura convencional. Contudo, em seu algoritmo existem malhas de controle de torque, fluxo e velocidade, que adotam geralmente controladores Proporcional-Integral. Neste trabalho, um estimador de fluxo baseado em modelo de tensão e corrente é considerado, no qual sua estrutura também contém um controlador Proporcional- Integral. Diante desse cenário, este trabalho visa contribuir com o aspecto de sintonia destes controladores, empregando metaheurísticas de otimização para efetuar o ajuste otimizado dos ganhos. Três algoritmos metaheurísticos são considerados: a Otimização por Colônia de Formigas, o Evolução Diferencial e a Otimização por Enxame de Partículas. Basicamente, intervalos de busca para as variáveis envolvidas, ou seja, os ganhos dos controladores, assim como uma função objetivo, que relacione os principais aspectos desejados de melhoria do sistema, devem ser definidos para o processo de otimização, o qual é realizado via simulação computacional. Visando avaliar a eficiência da metodologia proposta, neste trabalho são feitas algumas análises do sistema de acionamento DTC-SVM operando com as sintonias otimizadas e também com uma sintonia inicial, obtida com base em ajustes empíricos. Tais análises são feitas tanto em um ambiente de simulações computacionais, utilizando o software MATLAB/Simulink, quanto em um ambiente experimental, considerando um protótipo desenvolvido, no qual o sistema opera com reversão de velocidade, assim como com distúrbios de carga. Os resultados evidenciam desempenhos eficientes do acionamento operando com as sintonias otimizadas, principalmente durante os regimes transitórios e em operações de baixas velocidades.
Nowadays, a considerable focus has been given by scientific research to the electric motors drive, particularly to the three-phase induction motors with squirrel cage rotor, being commonly used in day-to-day applications, especially in industrial environments, due to its numerous and well known advantages. Among some strategies surveyed for driving these motors, there is the Direct Torque Control, a vector drive which provides good performance for medium and low power applications. A topology of this strategy involving the use of a Space Vector Modulation algorithm, called DTC-SVM, has been considered due to its advantages in comparison to conventional structure. However, in their algorithm there are torque, flux and speed control loops which generally consider Proportional-Integral controllers. In this work, a stator linkage flux estimator based on model of voltage and current is considered, in which its structure also contains a Proportional-Integral controller. Given this scenario, this work aims to contribute with the tuning aspect of these controllers, employing optimization metaheuristics aiming an optimized adjustment of the gains. Three metaheuristic algorithms are considered: Ant Colony Optimization, Differential Evolution and Particle Swarm Optimization. Basically, search ranges to the variables involved, ie. Proportional-Integral controller gains, as well as an objective function, which lists the main desired aspects of improving the system, must be set to the optimization process, which is performed by the computational simulation. Aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of this proposed methodology, in this work were made some analysis at the DTC-SVM drive system operating with the optimized tunings and a initial tuning, obtained by empiric adjusts. Such analysis were carried out either in a computer simulation environment, using MATLAB/Simulink software, as in a laboratory environment, considering a prototype developed, in which the system operates with speed reversal, as well as load disturbances. The results show efficient performances of the drive operating with the optimized tunings, especially during the transient periods and low speed operations.
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Evegren, Adam. "Utveckling av återkopplad motormodul för styrning av mätantenn : En fallstudie hos företaget Combitech AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77156.
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Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka vilket motoralternativ som lämpar sig bäst för precis positionsstyrning av särskilda mätantenner, samt hur denna motor skall kunna drivas på ett funktionellt vis. Huvudresultatet som vill uppnås genom detta projekt är en generell motormodul kapabel att styra antennernas olika dimensioner utifrån användarens kommando genom seriell kommunikation från en PC. Studien har genomförts i samarbete med företaget Combitech AB.
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Griph, Sofie. "Electric Motor Controlled Joint Simulator." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129753.
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Tightening systems are used in several industries, including assembly in the auto- motive industry and installation of computer hardware. Both the company mak- ing the tools and the customers need to know the performance of the tightening system to ensure that the screw joints tighten as desired. This can be done using a test joint system. High demands on safety as well as fast assembly speeds, puts high demands on the test equipment. The problem with the existing test joints is that they are hard to do repeatable tests on. The most common test joints are constructed us- ing mechanic or hydraulic systems. The mechanical systems have problems with wear of screws, changes in lubrication etc., while the hydraulic systems some- times are too slow. This master’s thesis is a study of whether it would be possible to construct a test joint using an electric motor. The electric motor together with a controller should simulate a screw joint so that the tool would perceive it as a real one. All investigation has been performed by system modeling and simulations in MATLAB. Four different control structures have been evaluated: a PID controller, one combined controller which uses feedforward from reference as well as distur- bance, one which is based on the same structure as the second but with an added inner current loop and the last one is an LQ controller. The conclusion is that it is possible to make a test joint using an electric motor and that the LQ controller seems to be the best choice. To prove the result, a few more aspects could be investigated more closely. One is to add a dynamic model of the tool, now only the reference to the tool is used. Another is to implement it on hardware.
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White, Terence H. "A three-phase hybrid dc-ac inverter system utilizing hysteresis control." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FWhite%5FTerence.pdf.
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Khiyo, Sargon. "Neuro/fuzzy speed control of induction motors /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030925.144725/index.html.
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Thesis (M. E. (Hons))--University of Western Sydney, 2002."A thesis submitted for Master of Engineering (Honours), School of Engineering & Industrial Design, University of Western Sydney, October 2002" Bibliography: leaves 147 - 149.
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Proca, Amuliu Bogdan. "Induction Motor Control for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392745228.
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Turl, Gary. "A synchronised multi-motor control system using hybrid sensorless induction motor drives." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29510/.
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The main aim of this project was to research, develop and test an induction motor drive not requiring a speed encoder, but which could be considered commercially viable by motor drives manufacturers, and which should aim to meet the follow requirements: • Dynamic torque performance and steady state speed-holding accuracy to be comparable with encodered vector controlled drives • Extensive and highly accurate knowledge of electrical and mechanical parameters of the motor and load not to be required • Extensive commissioning from an expert engineer not to be necessary • Algorithm not to rely on excessive computational capability being available The drive was to operate, in a stable manner, over speed and load ranges at least comparable with commercially available sensorless induction motor drives. The above requirements were set such that the developed sensorless technique may be considered for synchronised multi-motor process applications, where the advantages of a sensorless system could be exploited for hazardous, damp and hot conditions. The solution developed consists of a leading model-based sensorless method augmented with a speed estimator that tracks harmonics, seen in the stator terminal quantities, due to rotor slotting. The model-based scheme facilitates field-orientated control for dynamic performance. The slot harmonic speed estimator tunes the model for speed accuracy. Slot harmonics are identified using a recursive signal processing method termed the Recursive Maximum Likelihood - Adaptive Tracking Filter. This work is the first example of the method being developed into a practical sensorless drive system and the complete speed identifier is described, including set-up, pre-filtering and the minimal parameter considerations. Being recursive the method is computationally efficient, yet has accuracy comparable with that of FFT identifiers used in other work. The developed sensorless strategy was implemented practically on two motor drive systems. The performance of the scheme is shown to give encoder like speed holding accuracy and field-orientated dynamic performance. The two drives were also configured and tested as a speed synchronised pair, using applicable multi-motor control techniques, themselves compared and contrasted. The sensorless performance is demonstrated, alongside an encodered version acting as a benchmark, and the performance of the two schemes is shown to be highly comparable. The author has found no other example of sensorless techniques considered for use in multi-motor applications. The use of such a technique brings established advantages associated with encoder removal and allows multi-axis electronic synchronisation to be considered for parts of a process where an encoder may not be appropriate.
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Hajihosseinlu, Amin. "Traction control of an electric vehicle with four in-wheel motors." IEEE, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30601.
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This thesis evaluates an electric vehicle with four independently-controlled in-wheel
electric motors. The electric vehicle investigated in this work requires a main con-
troller that not only coordinates with each individual motor drive controller, but is
also needed to distribute torque and power to each in-wheel motor. The controller
adjusts the speed of each motor to the driving conditions according to the require-
ments and emulates the behavior of a mechanical di erential. Then, in addition to
the electronic di erential controller, a simple yet robust control strategy for maximiz-
ing traction force between tire and road is developed and presented. Moreover, the
controller continuously senses the yaw rate and prevents over- and under-steering by
adjusting the torque on the right or left wheels. Simulation and experimental results
validate the proposed strategy.
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Leedy, Aleck Wayne Nelms R. M. "Analysis of DC power systems containing induction motor-drive loads." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/doctoral/LEEDY_ALECK_32.pdf.
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Druyts, Jan. "Control induction motor by frequency converter : Simulation electric vehicle." Thesis, Halmstad University, Energiteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4968.
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Summary
Today we are probably on a point of change for the car industry. The last century was the century of vehicles with internal combustion engines. Fossil fuels were relative cheap, easy accessible and they have a high specific energy. The pollution and dependency on oil caused the last decade an increasing demand for alternatives. Alternatives for electric power plants and for car drives. Yet the turnover to hybrids is a fact and much research is done for pure electric vehicles. Research about the control of electric motors is by that become a hot topic.
To simulate an electric vehicle drive with an induction motor, a frequency converter is needed. This combination of motor and converter led to many possible experiments. With a few experiments already done and a broad theoretical background report this thesis provides a good bundle of information to start with further experiments. The experiments can become even broader when a flywheel is added as mass inertia momentum and a DC source on the DC-link. Both elements contribute for a better simulation of an electric motor in an electric vehicle.
What is described in this theoretical report about the combination of an induction motor and converter is only the tip of the iceberg. I had too less time to begin experimenting with the flying wheel. The DC-link voltage becomes ca. 540V. From the perspective of safety I could never work alone with the DC-link. Even with a companion it was too dangerous because the equipment of the Halmstad University is not made for such dangerous voltages. That’s why this thesis contains more theoretical background and less actual practical data.
SAMENVATTING
Momenteel bevinden we ons in een tijd van omslag. Na een eeuw waarin de brandstofmotor het transportlandschap domineerde, is er nood aan een alternatief. Fossiele brandstof zorgt voor schadelijke uitlaatgassen bij verbranding en de afhankelijkheid van andere landen voor de bevoorrading van fossiele brandstof blijft altijd een risicofactor. De eerste stap in deze verandering is gezet met de ontwikkeling van hybride wagens. De toekomst zal waarschijnlijk helemaal elektrisch worden. Daarom is het onderzoek naar de controle van elektrische motoren belangrijk.
In de universiteit van Halmstad zijn er verscheidene inductiemotoren aanwezig in het elektriciteitslabo. De doelstelling was dat ik een frequentieomvormer selecteerde, bestelde en parametreerde op basis van deze motoren. Daarnaast kreeg ik de vrijheid om een elektrische wagen te simuleren. Dit zou ik doen door een vliegwiel voor de traagheid en door een batterij na te bootsen om de DC-link te voeden. Al mijn informatie moest ik bundelen in deze thesistekst zodat het eventueel een handige bundel werd voor toekomstige studenten die willen werken met de convertor.
Ik had slechts 2 maanden de tijd om dit uit te voeren, metingen te doen en een theoretisch verslag te schrijven. Vanwege deze korte tijdspanne was het niet mogelijk het vliegwiel te implementeren. Daarnaast was de tussenkringspanning ongeveer 540V DC. Dit is zeer gevaarlijk zodat ze liever hadden dat ik de proeven met een gesimuleerde batterij liet varen. Dit verklaart enigszins waarom uitgebreide meetresultaten ontbreken en deze thesis vooral een bredere theoretische toets heeft.
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Rind, S. J. "Speed sensorless induction motor drive control for electric vehicles." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3008062/.
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Fast diminishing fossil fuel resources, deterioration in air quality and concerns for environmental protection, continuously promote the interest in the research and development of Alternative Energy Vehicles (AEVs). Traction motor drive is an integral part and common electric propulsion system in all kinds of AEVs. It plays an utmost significant role in the development of electrified transport industry. Application of Induction Motor (IM) drive is not only limited to the domestic and industrial applications but also has an ubiquitous influence in the modern electrified transport sector. IM is characterized by a simple and rugged structure, operational reliability, low maintenance, low cost, ability to operate in a hostile environment and high dynamic performance. However, IM is one of the widely accepted choices by Electric Vehicles (EVs) manufacturer. At present, Variable speed IM drive is almost replacing the traditional DC motor drive in a wide range of applications including EVs where a fast dynamic response is required. It became possible after the technological advancement and development in the field of power switching devices, digital signal processing and recently intelligent control systems have led to great improvements in the dynamic performance of traction drives. Speed Sensorless control strategies offer better system’s reliability and robustness and reduce the drive cost, size and maintenance requirements. Sensorless IM drives have been applied on medium and high speed applications successfully. However, instability at low speed and under different load disturbance conditions are still a critical problem in this research field and has not been robustly achieved. Some application such as traction drives and cranes are required to maintain the desired level of torque down to low speed levels with uncertain load torque disturbance conditions. Speed and torque control is more important particularly in motor-in-wheel traction drive train configuration EVs where vehicle wheel rim is directly connected to the motor shaft to control the speed and torque. The main purpose of this research is to improve the dynamic performance of conventional proportional-integral controller based model reference adaptive system (PI-MRAS) speed observer by using several speed profiles under different load torque disturbance conditions, which is uncertain during the whole vehicle operation apart from the vehicle own load. Since, vehicle has to face different road conditions and aerodynamic effects which continuously change the net load torque effect on the traction drive. This thesis proposes different novel methods based on the fuzzy logic control (FLC) and sliding mode control (SMC) with rotor flux MRAS. Numerous simulations and experimental tests designed with respect to the EV operation are carried out to investigate the speed estimation performance of the proposed schemes and compared with the PI-MRAS speed observer. For simulation and experimental purpose, Matlab-Simulink environment and dSPACE DS-1104 controller board are used respectively. The results presented in this thesis show great performance improvements of the proposed schemes in speed estimation & load disturbance rejection capability and provide a suitable choice of speed sensoless IM drive control for EVs with cost effectiveness.