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1
Sinan Cabuk, Ali. "EXPERIMENTAL DATA ACQUISITION OF VIBRATION FORCE IN DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR FOR MINI SUMO ROBOT." Applied Researches in Technics, Technologies and Education 7, no. 1 (2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/artte.2019.01.006.
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Vibration is the oscillating or periodic movement of electric motors from its position to a certain point, which has effect on performance. The vibration of electrical motor is essential causes of machine failure. Therefore, reaction force of electric motors is the most important parameter for their working life. It is monitoring and minimize the vibration generated by the electric motor. One of the objectives of this study is to present that forced vibration analysis is compatible technique for diagnosing electromagnetic and mechanical problems in electric motors. In this study aims at vibration analysis on Direct Current (DC) motor, that is the most preferred motors for robotic application. DC motor used in this study has 15 W output power, 400 min-1 shaft speed and 12 V terminal voltage, which is widely implemented in robot competition. Vibration forced was measured with accelerometer sensor on the motor. Test vibration results of the motor were checked it whether limiting value or not. In this study, vibration effect of DC motor in mini sumo robot is presented with during competition and smooth road conditions.
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Glowacz, A. "Diagnostics of DC and Induction Motors Based on the Analysis of Acoustic Signals." Measurement Science Review 14, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2014-0035.
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Abstract In this paper, a non-invasive method of early fault diagnostics of electric motors was proposed. This method uses acoustic signals generated by electric motors. Essential features were extracted from acoustic signals of motors. A plan of study of acoustic signals of electric motors was proposed. Researches were carried out for faultless induction motor, induction motor with one faulty rotor bar, induction motor with two faulty rotor bars and flawless Direct Current, and Direct Current motor with shorted rotor coils. Researches were carried out for methods of signal processing: log area ratio coefficients, Multiple signal classification, Nearest Neighbor classifier and the Bayes classifier. A pattern creation process was carried out using 40 samples of sound. In the identification process 130 five-second test samples were used. The proposed approach will also reduce the costs of maintenance and the number of faulty motors in the industry.
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Boztas, G., M. Yildirim, and O. Aydogmus. "Design and Analysis of Multi-Phase BLDC Motors for Electric Vehicles." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 2646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1781.
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This paper presents a design and analysis of multi-phase brushless direct current (BLDC) motor for electric vehicles (EV). In this work, hub-wheels having 110Nm, 900rpm rated values have been designed for the proposed EV. This EV can produce 440 Nm without using transmission, differential and other mechanical components which have very high losses due to the mechanical fraction. The motors to be used in the EV have been designed as 3-, 5- and 7-phase by Infolytica/Motor Solve Software to compare their performances at the same load conditions. The same rotor geometry has been utilized for the motors. However, slot numbers and dimensions of the stator have been determined by considering the motor phase number. Performance curves of phase-currents, output powers, torques, efficiencies and power factors have been presented for these motors at the same operating conditions. It can be possible to use lower power switches in motor drive system thanks to the phase current reduction since the phase currents decrease proportionally to motor phase number. This work shows that the multi-phase BLDC motors are a good alternative in order to obtain lower torque and lower power inverter structure than the 3-phase BLDC motors which are used as standard.
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Merabet, Adel. "Advanced Control for Electric Drives: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives." Electronics 9, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 1762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111762.
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In the Special Issue “Advanced Control for Electric Drives”, the objective is to address a variety of issues related to advances in control techniques for electric drives, implementation challenges, and applications in emerging fields such as electric vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, maglev trains and motion applications. This issue includes 15 selected and peer-reviewed articles discussing a wide range of topics, where intelligent control, estimation and observation schemes were applied to electric drives for various applications. Different drives were studied such as induction motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors and brushless direct current motors.
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Shantarenko, Sergei, Evgeny Ponomarev, and Anatoly Borodin. "Contact interaction “brush – collector” and working efficiency of locomotive traction electric motor." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901037.
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The working efficiency of locomotive traction electric motors of direct current is largely determined by the reliability of the collector-brush assembly. The paper presents the results of simulation of the contact interaction “brush-collector” in the traction electric motor of an electric locomotive. The influence of the structural features of the brush holder, the conditions and operating modes on the contact area “brush-collector”, and the quality of switching is considered. Technical solutions for improving the current collection quality in the contact “brush-collector” and ensuring the working efficiency of traction electric motors of locomotives are proposed.
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Nazarenko, Ihor, and Oleksandr Kovalov. "ENERGY EFFICIENT ELECTROMECHANICAL SOIL TREATMENT SYSTEM BASED ON ELECTRIC MOTORBLOCK." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (2) (July 2, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2021.01.10.
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In Ukraine, the number of farms, private land users and protected soil structures has increased significantly in recent years. To increase the efficiency of vegetable production, small-sized mobile units in the form of motoblocks with internal combustion engines of domestic and foreign production have been widely used. However, during the operation of mobile units with internal combustion engines in greenhouses and hotbeds, the noise level and air pollution increase, which negatively affect not only people but also plants. The disadvantages of motoblocks with internal combustion engines should also include a fairly high specific consumption of liquid fuel, which has a high cost, difficulties in starting and stopping the unit, as well as the relatively low reliability of the internal combustion engine. More promising for work in protected soil structures are mobile units with traction motors, called electric motors, as environmentally friendly units that do not have these shortcomings. The main technical characteristics of the experimental sample of a small-sized electrified soil-cultivating motoblock are given in the work. The structural scheme of the power energy channel of the electric motor unit is substantiated, which clearly demonstrates the processes of energy conversion in it. The equation of energy balance of the electric motor unit and the main energy ratios that determine the properties of the traction motor in the drive of the electric motor unit are obtained. The algorithm of optimal control of a direct current traction motor by the maximum efficiency for direct current motors of serial and mixed excitation is substantiated. The results of field tests of the prototype of the electric motor unit are presented. The analysis of the obtained results of experimental researches of the electrified tillage motor-drive driven by the direct current motor of sequential excitation testifies to the reduction of specific energy consumption for the main types of tillage by 12-15%.
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Riyadi, Slamet. "Peran Motor Listrik pada Transportasi Ramah Lingkungan." PRAXIS 1, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/praxis.v1i1.1626.
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The fossil based fuel crisis and environmental degradation issues have caused the transportation system to use electric motors as an alternative to combustion engines. The emergence of electric hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles has been a sign that the revolution in the field of transportation has reached the implementation stage. DC motors that are capable to generate large torque becomes an option at first, but due to its limitations then other types of motors which have advantages such as DC motor but eliminating the its weakness are developed. BLDC (Brushless Direct Current) motors and switched reluctance motors are priority in implementation. This paper describes the characteristics and performance of the three motors which can be used as the background for developing environmentally friendly transportation system
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Grenier, Jean-Michel, Ramón Pérez, Mathieu Picard, and Jérôme Cros. "Magnetic FEA Direct Optimization of High-Power Density, Halbach Array Permanent Magnet Electric Motors." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 5939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185939.
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Hybrid electric aero-propulsion requires high power-density electric motors. The use of a constrained optimization method with the finite element analysis (FEA) is the best way to design these motors and to find the best solutions which maximize the power density. This makes it possible to take into account all the details of the geometry as well as the non-linear characteristics of magnetic materials, the conductive material and the current control strategy. Simulations were performed with a time stepping magnetodynamic solver while taking account the rotor movement and the stator winding was connected by an external electrical circuit. This study describes the magnetic FEA direct optimization approach for the design of Halbach array permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and its advantages. An acceptable compromise between precision and computation time to estimate the electromagnetic torque, iron losses and eddy current losses was found. The finite element simulation was paired with analytical models to compute stress on the retaining sleeve, aerodynamic losses, and copper losses. This type of design procedure can be used to find the best machine configurations and establish design rules based on the specifications and materials selected. As an example, optimization results of PM motors minimizing total losses for a 150-kW application are presented for given speeds in the 2000 rpm to 50,000 rpm range. We compare different numbers of poles and power density between 5 kW/kg and 30 kW/kg. The choice of the number of poles is discussed in the function of the motor nominal speed and targeted power density as well as the compromise between iron losses and copper losses. In addition, the interest of having the current-control strategy as an optimization variable to generate a small amount of flux weakening is clearly shown.
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Nurmalia, Alif, Widyono Hadi, and Widya Cahyadi. "Performance Test of Three-Phase Brushless Direct Current Motor Axial Flux with Differences Diameter of Neodymium Type Permanent Magnet." ELKHA 13, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/elkha.v13i1.41693.
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Technology that is growing rapidly and innovations that have sprung up in the electrical field today are driving the use of electricity as a source of energy to do work. Electric motor is one component that is very popular in the industrial world and households that are useful to human life. In addition to DC motors and induction motors, there are also 3 phase brushless direct current (BLDC) motors which are a type of synchronous motor where magnetic fields are produced by rotor and stator at the same frequency. The rotor is a moving part of the brushless direct current motor which is a place of permanent magnet called a pole. This paper discusses the performance of brushless direct current 3 phase axial flux motors with different diameters of neodymium type permanent magnets. Tests carried out using neodymium permanent magnets with diameters of 15mm x 2mm and 20mm x 2mm were tested without using a load and using load. The parameters used in testing motor performance include speed, torque, and motor power with a source voltage of 12V, 16V, 20V, and 24V. The test results shows that the speed value of a BLDC motor using permanent magnets with a size of 20mm x 2mm is greater than that of permanent magnets of 15mm x 2mm. The same thing applies to the value of the power produced while, for the value of torque when the motor uses a permanent magnet of 15mm x 2mm will be greater than that of a motor using a permanent magnet of 20mm x 2mm.
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Ma, Qing Fen, Jian Hua Liu, and Xiao Yu. "Design of a Simulating Control System for Hybrid Wind/PV Power Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3886–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3886.
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A system based on STM32F103 chip is designed to simulate the hybrid wind and PV wind power generation control process. The simulation system consists an electric motor with stepless rotational speed regulating feature to simulate wind turbine power generation, a light intensity sensor to simulate PV power generation with its measure results, the electrical source of chip microcomputer to simulate the current output from storage batteries, and two electric motors with different power to simulate the direct-current loads. The control strategy and the corresponding programs are developed based on certain hardware composition and the control system is implemented and operates well.
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Lingaitis, Leonas Povilas, and Lionginas Liudvinavičius. "ELECTRIC DRIVES OF TRACTION ROLLING STOCKS WITH AC MOTORS." TRANSPORT 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2006): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2006.9638070.
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The paper considers the variation of circuit design of the electric drives in traction rolling stocks when traditional DC electric machines are replaced with AC electric machines. Simplified circuit diagrams of the electric drives using electric machines of non‐commutator type are offered. Operational defects of DC traction engines are weighed against some positive characteristics of direct current series excitation in traction engines, determining their extensive use in the electric drives of traction rolling stocks. However, the rapid development of semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristors and IGBT transistors, led to the creation of a great variety of semiconductor inverters. This made it possible to develop an autonomous three‐phase power supply system for diesel locomotives and algorithms for the AC traction motors and to obtain engine characteristics matching the tractive force by using voltage frequency and current inverters. A mathematical justification of the engine torque and tractive force control as well as its particular characteristics is provided. The graphs demonstrating the particular ways of changing the electrical parameters of an asynchronous motor with a squirrel‐cage rotor are also presented.
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Maznev, Alexander Sergeevich, Alexander Alexandrovich Kiselev, Vladimir Аndreevich Usov, and Аnnа Аndreevna Kalinina. "Prospects of improving technical and economic indicators of electric rolling stock." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-2-57-64.
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The paper considers methods of improving technical and economic indicators of direct current electric rolling stock. The authors propose a scheme of electric drive with pulse converters that are controlled by instantaneous values of armature and exciting currents. The scheme provides the realization of regenerative and resistance braking on almost the entire speed range. The paper also presents frequency characteristics of converters at speed from 5 to 100 km/h and proposes a scheme of direct current electric locomotive with pulse regulation of voltage on three connections of traction motors. Moreover, the authors discuss a structure of autonomous voltage inverter with group switching and reduced number of fully controlled semiconductor devices and present methods to prevent wheelspin through changing their load on rails and excitement of traction motors.
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Litovchenko, V. V., D. V. Nazarov, and V. A. Sharov. "Simulation Model of a Direct-Current Electric Locomotive with Commutator Traction Motors." Russian Electrical Engineering 91, no. 1 (January 2020): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371220010071.
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Ustun, Ozgur, Omer Kivanc, Seray Senol, and Bekir Fincan. "On Field Weakening Performance of a Brushless Direct Current Motor with Higher Winding Inductance: Why Does Design Matter?" Energies 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 3119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113119.
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This paper comprises the design, analysis, experimental verification and field weakening performance study of a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor for a light electric vehicle. The main objective is to design a BLDC motor having a higher value d-axis inductance, which implies an improved performance of field weakening and a higher constant power speed ratio (CPSR) operation. Field weakening operation of surface-mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) BLDC motors requires a large d-axis inductance, which is characteristically low for those motors due to large air gap and PM features. The design phases of the sub-fractional slot-concentrated winding structure with unequal tooth widths include the motivation and the computer aided study which is based on Finite Element Analysis using ANSYS Maxwell. A 24/20 slot–pole SMPM BLDC motor is chosen for prototyping. The designed motor is manufactured and performed at different phase-advanced currents in the field weakening region controlled by a TMS320F28335 digital signal processor. As a result of the experimental work, the feasibility and effectiveness of field weakening for BLDC motors are discussed thoroughly and the contribution of higher winding inductance is verified.
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Usynin, Yuriy, Dmitry Sychev, and Nikita Savosteenko. "Energy Saving in Pilger Mill Electric Drives Complete Solution." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i4.pp1673-1681.
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This paper considers issues related to increasing energy efficiency in electric drives of pilger rolling mills, presenting kinematics of such mills, provides justification for the general load chart, presents the detailed review of reference materials on technical energy saving solutions, and suggests a math model of an electric drive with a field regulated reluctance machine. The paper suggests key methods of saving energy in electric drives of pilger mills, namely: kinematic scheme improvement; main energy drainers and ways of energy loss reduction in electric drives with direct- and alternate-current motors, energy-saving electric drive control profiles. The article compares energy-saving resources in electric drives with various-type motors (direct-current motors, synchronous motors, and field regulated reluctance machine), clarifies the scheme of energy-saving resource implementation, provides the qualitative evaluation of electric drive control method efficiency. The accent is made on high energy efficiency of the proportionate control of armature and excitation circuits and across the range of torque in electric drives of abruptly-variable-load mills. The highest economic effect is reached in the electric drive with a field regulated reluctance machine – by means of implementing the energy-efficient electromechanical converter and applying energy-saving control profiles.
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Ali, Qaed M., and Mohammed M. Ezzalden. "Direct Current Deadbeat Predictive Controller for BLDC Motor Using Single DC-Link Current Sensor." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 8A (August 25, 2020): 1187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i8a.471.
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BLDC motors are characterized by electronic commutation, which is performed by using an electric three-phase inverter. The direct control system of the BLDC motor consists of double loops; including the inner-loop for current regulating and outer-loop for speed control. The operation of the current controller requires feedback of motor currents; the conventional current controller uses two current sensors on the ac side of the inverter to measure the currents of two phases, while the third current would be accordingly calculated. These two sensors should have the same characteristics, to achieve balanced current measurements. It should be noted that the sensitivity of these sensors changes with time. In the case of one sensor fails, both of them must be replaced. To overcome this problem, it is preferable to use one sensor instead of two. The proposed control system is based on a deadbeat predictive controller, which is used to regulate the DC current of the BLDC motor. Such a controller can be considered as digital controller mode, which has fast response, high precision and can be easily implemented with microprocessor. The proposed control system has been simulated using Matlab software, and the system is tested at a different operating condition such as low speed and high speed.
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Kropachev, S. A. "Direct or alternating?" Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 14, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2021-14-2-148-150.
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The article is devoted to the so-called "war of currents", which unfolded in the United States in the late 19th-early 20th century. The winner of this "war" was a talented Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla. He professed the ideas of alternating current. He was opposed by the famous American businessman and scientist T. Edison. Enterprises of the latter produced machines running on direct current. It made a big profit. After a number of conflicts, Tesla, who worked for Edison, left his company and organized a business of his own jointly with an industrialist D. Westinghouse. Tesla's ideas and projects won a landslide victory. The development of direct current systems ended in the late 1920s, despite the efforts of T. Edison. N. Tesla was at the origins of alternating current systems, the appearance of electric motors, robotics, wireless charging devices and much more. Today, the ideas of the great Serbian inventor, even the most fantastic ones, are experiencing a rebirth.
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Artemenko, A., and O. Chornyi. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON DETERMINING THE PARAMETERS OF ELECTRIC MOTORS OF THE QUARRY ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE TRACTION ELECTRIC DRIVE." Electromechanical and energy saving systems 4, no. 52 (December 23, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2072-2052.2020.4.52.27-32.
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Purpose. The purpose of the work is to conduct experimental studies to determine the parameters of DC motors of sequential excitation in dynamic modes of operation for use in setting up the control system of the electric drive. The paper presents the results of experimental studies to determine the parameters of the traction electric drive of direct current quarry electric locomotive. The research was conducted on the basis of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University with the use of a laboratory research stand with electromechanical equipment that simulates the operation of a traction drive, namely slippage of traction wheels when changing clutch conditions and differences in electrical parameters of traction motors. Methodology. The parameters were determined on the basis of a set of methods based on the measured instantaneous values of the state variables of the electric drive. The efficiency of application of the method of state space and the method which uses instantaneous values of current and voltage of the motor in the quasi-constant mode at power supply from the valve energy converter is proved. Results. The results obtained in the course of research indicate the possibility of calculating the parameters with an accuracy of 10 %. The verification of the obtained results is checked by subtracting the coefficient of determination and the sum of the squares of the deviations for the experimental data calculated on the basis of certain parameters. Originality. The accuracy of parameter determination is ensured by the use of instantaneous values of current and voltage at adjacent time intervals, and the voltage at the armature is formed by the control system and changes over time, ensuring the start of the motor with starting current limitation. Practical value. The developed computerized laboratory stand allows to measure instantaneous values of state variables and to carry out calculations of electric parameters of traction engines, and also to investigate static, power and dynamic operating modes of electromechanical transmissions of vehicles, both in regular operating modes, and to simulate various emergency operating modes, in particular. Figures 5, tables 2, references 7.
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Grekov, Eduard, Alexei Bezgin, Viktor Sorokin, and Ildar Yamansarin. "Comparison of Energy Indicators of the Electric Lift Drive of the Ekg-5 Excavator with Different Power Converters." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 64, no. 3 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2021-3-53-59.
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The energy indicators of the EKG-5 excavator lifting electric drive with thyristor power circuits have been determined according to the systems thyristor direct frequency converter - two-phase asynchronous electric motor, converter-DC motor and direct frequency converter - three-phase asynchronous electric motor. Losses in electric motors and converters have been determined, taking into account the specifics of their joint work in theefficiency for the excavation cycle were determined based on the results of calculating the simulation model, the initial data for which were the parameters of the excavation cycle of the lift drive of a real excavator. Distortion coefficients of the mains current were determined for two cases: during digging and during accelerated lowering of an empty bucket. For comparison, the energy indicators of the selected electric drives with a filter-compensating device were calculated. The analysis of energy indicators is made.
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Ivliev, Dmytro, Volodymyr Kosenkov, Oleksandr Vynakov, Elvira Savolova, and Viktoria Yarmolovych. "Design of a direct current motor with a windingless rotor for electric vehicles." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 5(112) (August 31, 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.231733.
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Modern electric vehicles typically exploit synchronous motors with magnetoelectric excitation as traction engines. While possessing a series of undeniable advantages, the synchronous motor has one significant drawback ‒ the high cost predetermined by the high price of permanent magnets. In addition, the impossibility to disable a magnetic field in case of engine malfunction can lead to an emergency on the road. Given this, there is a need to design new structures of electrical machines with electromagnetic excitation. The structure of a DC traction motor with electromagnetic excitation involving the rotor or stator segmentation makes it possible to considerably weaken the field of the armature transverse reaction by decreasing magnetic conductivity of the magnetic circuit in the transverse direction. Therefore, such a structure lacks commutating poles and a compensation winding. There are no permanent magnets in the structure, all windings are stationary, an electronic switch is used instead of a collector, and a windingless low-inertia rotor does not require additional measures to remove heat. That all has made it possible to significantly reduce the cost of active materials for the traction engine and improve its reliability. To test the performance of the new design, a full-size model of the engine and a working experimental prototype were fabricated. Applying a synchronous jet engine with magnetization for the BMW i3 electric car as an analog, the engine calculations were performed and its simulation was carried out. The results of the analysis show that the mass of the new engine is 35 % greater than the mass of the analog but the cost of active materials is less than that of the analog by 63 %. The results testify to the possibility of implementing a given structure industrially
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Cao, Wenping, Abid Ali Shah Bukhari, and Lassi Aarniovuori. "Review of Electrical Motor Drives for Electric Vehicle Applications." July 2019 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.01.
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EVs (Electric Vehicles) have been rejuvenated over the last decades while the motor drive technologies are still evolving. This paper provides a review of electrical motor drive technologies used in EV applications, with a performance comparison of candidate machines and their drive topologies. EV applications demand high efficiency, high torque density, high reliability, and wide speed range while reducing weight, complexity, total costs and environmental impact. In the literature, DC (Direct Current) motors, IMs (Induction Motors) and PM (Permanent Magnet) motors can be generally found in marketplace whilst RMs (Reluctance Motors) have been researched for some time and are nearing commercial availability. This paper evaluates the performance of these four main types of electrical motor drives for EV propulsion applications using analytical methods. PM motors may offer the best performance in terms of torque density and compactness but the cost is the highest (primarily dominated by rare-earth permanent magnets), limiting their widespread application in mass production EVs. DC motors have their own merits but suffer from limited power density and necessity for maintenance. Induction motor drives are a mature and proven technology. In particular, squirrel-cage IMs are robust, reliable and inexpensive, striking a balance between system cost and complexity, power density and extended speed range. Reluctance motors can provide a good torque density and cost effective EV drive solutions. Their drawbacks can also be overcome by the use of power electronic converters and advanced control strategies. Induction and reluctance motor drives are well suited for cost sensitive mass production EV applications. Looking to the future, increased hybridization may be a way forward in industry which combines attractive features of different electrical machines and control algorithms and still offer much promise in performance and total cost. At last, reliability study on EVs requires historical information and driving patterns, demanding research expertise in eco-sociology, human behaviors as well as human-machine interface.
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Maznev, A. S., A. B. Nikitin, I. M. Kokurin, A. M. Kostrominov, and E. I. Makarova. "Improvement of the current-limiting devices of collector traction motors of direct-current electric rolling stock." Russian Electrical Engineering 88, no. 10 (October 2017): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371217100108.
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Semykina, Irina, and Alexandra Tarnetskaya. "The Design of Control System for Gearless Synchronous Drum-Motor of the Underground Mine Belt Conveyor." E3S Web of Conferences 105 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910503004.
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Regarding the current tendency of replacing the geared electric drives with gearless drum motor and substitution of the obsolete induction motors with energy-efficient synchronous motors, the authors consider the difficulties of the high-power permanent magnet synchronous motor and present its model with parameters corresponding to the real belt conveyor electric drive parameters. This paper describes the questions of the vector control system simulation for the synchronous gearless drum-motor of an underground belt conveyor. The control of permanent magnet synchronous motor is realized having regard to rotor angle and random traffic flow. The mechanical system of an underground belt conveyor is represented by the multimass system with the viscoelastic bar. As a conclusion, the article presents the results of the direct torque control system simulation in the speed adjustment mode.
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Long, Bo, Shin Lim, Ji Ryu, and Kil Chong. "Energy-Regenerative Braking Control of Electric Vehicles Using Three-Phase Brushless Direct-Current Motors." Energies 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en7010099.
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Tokarev, S. B. "On the question of the choice of designing coefficients for direct current electric motors." Russian Electrical Engineering 78, no. 1 (January 2007): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371207010075.
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Hichem, Chergui, Nasri Abdelfatah, and Korhan Kayisli. "A Novel Method of Electric Scooter Torque Estimation Using the Space Vector Modulation Control." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33403.
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In recent years, there are many studies have been conducted in the field of light electric vehicles, especially electric scooters. These are preferred in large urban areas that are crowded with cars and cause traffic congestion in the European and Asian continents. In this study, the three-wheel electric scooter contained two BLDC motors that drove the rear wheels and, each of these motors were controlled independently via an electronic differential. This paper aims to implement a Space Vector Modulation for the Direct Torque Control unit (SVM-DTC) of the BLDC wheel-motor of each driving wheel. The proposed system had been designed and simulated by using the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The performance of the overall system (scooter stability control system - energy storage system -power quality, etc.) with using SVM-DTC control was compared with the classical Direct Torque Control (DTC) algorithm by using the same electric scooter model. The obtained results showed clearly the improvement made by the proposed control loop system at different stages, where it could reduce the THD of the stator current from 30.99% to 6.16%,as well as it was able to achieve more than 0.2% of the charging state of the battery in 18 seconds only.
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Dadabaev, Shakhboz, and Elena Gracheva. "Computer Modeling of Pumping Station with Unregulated Electric Drive." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001039.
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The results of the analysis of transient and technological processes of the irrigation pumping station of the first lift, taking into account the negative starting effects on the synchronous electric drive, are considered. The analysis and review of the ways of regulating the performance of the units of the irrigation pumping station of the first lift are made, and the main difficulties of the existing methods of regulating the pump supply are revealed. Computer simulation of starting modes of high-voltage synchronous electric motors with direct and soft start, where soft starter was used for soft start, was carried out. The simulation took into account the changes in the currents of all phases of the electric motor, the electromagnetic torque, the motor speed, the effective value of the current, as well as the static torque. The introduction of semiconductor soft starters for electric drives of high-power pumping units has been substantiated.
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Tsvetkov, A. N., V. Yu Kornilov, A. R. Safin, N. E. Kuvshinov, T. I. Petrov, and R. R. Gibadullin. "Development of a stand for researching electric drives of pumping units." Vestnik MGTU 23, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2020-23-4-364-375.
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In the modern oil industry, the vast majority of oil production units are represented by sucker rod pumping units, driven mainly by asynchronous electric motors without using any monitoring, control and regulation means. Studies carried out on such installations show their low energy efficiency and reliability. Therefore, the issue of developing complex electric drives of a new generation based on the use of synchronous valve electric motors is relevant allowing to significantly increase the energy efficiency and reliability of both individual installations and to ensure the creation of "smart" oil field control systems. The paper discusses new technical solutions of the experimental stand which makes it possible to study the energy characteristics of electric drives based on asynchronous and synchronous valve electric motors, as well as allowing to create conditions as close as possible to real field conditions with imitation of the operation of an oil pumping unit of a sucker rod pumping unit. In modern test equipment systems, devices are often used to create a mechanical load on the shaft of the electric motor under study. The system proposed and implemented as such a device is "a frequency converter - load asynchronous electric motor", which has been tested on a stand and has proven to be the best in comparison with traditional circuits using DC motors. But using of a load asynchronous electric motor as part of the test stand has revealed a number of disadvantages: overheating of the electric motor operating in the opposing mode, low accuracy of creating the load torque and the speed of the system's response. The problem of overheating of the load electric motor has been solved by transferring the frequency converter to the direct torque control mode, while a significant decrease in the motor current and stabilization of the temperature regime have been detected. The low accuracy and response speed of the system have been increased by introducing feedback and a PID controller into the stand control system.
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Daputra, Mamal, and Zulwisli Zulwisli. "SIX-STEP INVERTER UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN MOTOR 3 FASA ARUS SEARAH TANPA SIKAT BERBASIS ARDUINO." Voteteknika (Vocational Teknik Elektronika dan Informatika) 7, no. 4 (January 28, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/voteteknika.v7i4.106377.
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This research is motivated by the many needs in the use of electric motors. Electric motors with DC voltages that are often used today are less effective and efficient because of the use of brushes that will run out when used. To overcome the weaknesses of this DC motor, then used Brushless Direct current Motor (MASTS). MASTS is a three phase AC motor. In a fixed application, a three phase AC voltage source can be used directly. In a mobile application, it takes an AC voltage sourced from a DC voltage. For this reason, an inverter is designed to convert DC voltage into three phase AC. The method in controlling MASTS is a six-step inverter that is changing the DC voltage to AC voltage in the form of a box or trapezoid. This inverter uses MOSFET IRF3205 and Arduino microcontroller. To find out the performance of the inverter, MOSFET driver voltage measurements, measurement of the output current, and measurement of the resulting MASTS speed. From the measurement results, when the voltage is increased the current in the circuit and the speed of the MASTS will increase. Keywords: Inverter, MASTS, Phase, Six-Step.
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Bochkarev, Igor V., Ivan V. Bryakin, Vadim R. Khramshin, Aida R. Sandybaeva, and Konstantin V. Litsin. "Developing New Thermal Protection Method for AC Electric Motors." Machines 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9030051.
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Monitoring the thermal state of windings of electrical machines is a backbone for protection from unacceptable overheating. A large number of different methods and systems aim to solve this problem. This article discusses the main known methods of thermal protection of electric motors and provides their comparative analysis. This paper shows that the most promising methods are those based on control of the current active resistance of the stator winding, as its value uniquely depends on temperature. It is demonstrated that the known methods have a number of disadvantages. A new phase method for thermal protection of AC motors is proposed. The method is based on the fact that a temperature-induced change in the active and reactive components of the winding impedance causes a corresponding change in the angle between the vectors of phase voltages and currents. This allows for thermal protection by controlling the change in this angle. This article provides tabular analytical substantiation of the proposed method, which is based on the direct measurements of voltage and current and the subsequent algorithmic calculation of physical values functionally related to the sought angle. The authors develop a structural block diagram of a device that implements the proposed thermal protection method. All relevant experimental studies were carried out. In this case, a small-sized electronic thermometer with a remote digital temperature sensor connected to the USB port of a personal computer was used as a temperature meter. The results obtained confirm the functional capability and efficiency of the proposed technical solution.
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Zimnickas, Tomas, Jonas Vanagas, Karolis Dambrauskas, Artūras Kalvaitis, and Mindaugas Ažubalis. "Application of Advanced Vibration Monitoring Systems and Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Brushless DC Motor Stator Fault Monitoring and Classification." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040820.
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In this research, electric motors faults and their identification is reviewed. Brushless direct-current (BLDC) motors stator fault identification using long short-term memory neural networks were analyzed. A proposed method of vibration data acquisition using cloud technologies with high accuracy, feature extraction using spectral entropy, and instantaneous frequency and standardization using mean and standard deviation was reviewed. Additionally, model training with raw and standardized data was compared. A total model accuracy of 97.10 percent was achieved. The proposed methods could successfully identify the motor stator status from normal, to loss of stator winding imminent and arcing, and lastly to open circuit in stator winding—motor needing to stop immediately—by using gathered data from real experiments, training the model and testing it theoretically.
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Dewi, Rozlinda. "Efek Duty Cycle Pwm pada Pengendalian Kecepatan Motor BLDC 3 Phasa." Journal of Electrical Power Control and Automation (JEPCA) 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jepca.v1i1.4.
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Nowadays almost all electric convertible equipments are in motion using Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors, because BLDC motors have high efficiency and energy density because the lack of brush makes BLDC motors reliable enough, maintenance is cheap and can be used for high speed. This research is more emphasized on the controller unit using DRV 11873 IC which has EVM (Evaluation Module) as strong magnetic induction enhancer in BLDC motor winding (stator) with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle mode, the result of research shows the relationship between the addition of duty cycle PWM and the addition of a large supply voltage V (V) given to the 3 phase Phas motor BLDC to the motor speed change (RPM). Through the calculation of coefficient of determination (R2) each experimental results between the change of power supply voltage (V) to the speed (RPM) obtained 0.998 and the calculation of coefficient of determination (R2) change duty cycle PWM signal to the speed (RPM) 0.996.
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Kim, Namhun, Changju Park, Sangshin Kwak, and Jeihoon Baek. "Experimental Comparisons and Evaluations of Different Types of DC-link Capacitors for VSI-Based Electric Compressors in Battery Electric Vehicle Systems." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081276.
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Electric compressor systems for air conditioning operations are an essential part in battery electric vehicle systems, which are not applicable to conventional belt-driven compressors due to no combustion engines. Three-phase voltage source inverters (VSI) and interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors are generally used for electric compressor systems in battery electric vehicles. Direct current (DC)-link capacitors are a critical component in the power converter systems, which affect the cost, size, performances and scale. Metallized polypropylene film capacitors are considered more reliable than conventional electrolytic capacitors for high temperature environments such as electric vehicle applications. This paper presents comprehensive comparisons and evaluations of electric compressors with two types of DC-link capacitors. Based on a 5 kW IPM motor drives and a VSI with a nominal DC voltage of 360 V for electric compressors, performances with electrolytic and film capacitors have been evaluated by experimental tests.
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Han, Shouyi, Kaikai Diao, and Xiaodong Sun. "Overview of multi-phase switched reluctance motor drives for electric vehicles." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 9 (September 2021): 168781402110451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211045195.
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Switched reluctance motor (SRM) provide a potential candidate for electric vehicle (EV) applications due to rigid structure, potentially low production cost, the absence of permanent magnets, excellent power-speed characteristics, and high reliability and robustness. This paper aims to review the current research on the design, winding topologies, converter topologies, and control methods of switched reluctance motors (SRMs). Torque ripple and vibration are the main drawbacks of SRMs, which constrain their application. To conquer these drawbacks, multi-phase SRMs (MSRMs), optimum structure, and control methods of SRMs have been utilized over the past decades. In this paper, MSRMs with multiple combinations of stator/rotor poles and winding arrangements are investigated. Different converter topologies are compared, and a full-bridge converter is suitable for SRMs used in EVs. Torque sharing function, direct torque control, and direct instantaneous torque control are the main control methods to reduce the torque ripple of SRMs, which have been comprehensively summarized.
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Ma, Fa Yun, Hua Wei Li, Bing Guang Han, and Jian Zhong Xu. "Simulation Model of Traction Systems for CRH2 EMU Based on PSCAD/EMTDC." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.662.
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The high-speed railway based on electromechanical integration develops rapidly in China in recent years. In order to improve research for electrified railway, a model of AC-DC-AC electric locomotive is established using electro- magnetic transient software PSCAD/EMTDC. In this paper, a single-phase tri-level rectifier of unit power factor and its control strategy of direct transient current control method are introduced at first. And then the working principles of the voltage space vector control strategy of inverter and the vector control strategy of cage motors are analyzed. The inverter and the motors must be as a whole because of the realization of motor vector control based on SVPWM inverter. At last, a model is established and the correctness and effectiveness of the model can be verified by the corresponding theory results. The simulation model is useful for the analysis of low frequency resonance in locomotives. The results will be applied in the research of mechanics and electric coupling in high speed electrified railway.
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Wahab, Abbas A., N. Fatimah Abdullah, and M. A. H. Rasid. "Mechanical Fault Detection on Electrical Machine: Thermal Analysis of Small Brushed DC Motor with Faulty Bearing." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 05012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822505012.
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Direct current motors (DC motor) are used in the small electric devices commonly. DC motor are cheap and easy to install, thus their popularity. Despite the popularity, faults occur which make diagnosis and detection of faults very important. It avoids financial loss and unexpected shutdown operation causes by these faults. This paper presents an analysis of temperature profile of the much famous small Brushed DC motor with a faulty bearing. The temperature data of healthy DC motor and DC motor with faulty bearing were measured by thermocouple and recorded using data logger in real time until steady state temperature, under different load. The analysis on the steady state temperature allow to conclude that bearing fault can clearly be recognised through characteristics temperature difference with a healthy motor.
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Sibarani, Marlon Tua Pangihutan, and Suprianto. "Electric Bicycle Design with Power Charging by Using Wheel Rotation." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 3122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9147.
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The development of the world of transportation is growing rapidly at this time with all the conveniences offered and very helpful to humans. One of them is an electric bicycle that can be used for everyday vehicles. Electric bicycles are vehicles that do not use fuel and do not cause air pollution or noise. The main components of this electric bicycle are direct current electric motors without brush, controller and generator, and batteries as a substitute for fuel. Based on the above reasons, this study designed an electric bicycle that utilizes wheel rotation as charging so that the electric bicycle can run continuously without charging to the power source. Testing tool on this bicycle consists of two parts, namely: with a load of 55 kg and no load. The maximum speed of this electric bicycle is 40 km/h. From the test results will be obtained the magnitude of speed, voltage and current.
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Zhang, Xue Feng, Xue Wu Ji, and Feng Gao. "Torque Ripple Suppression of Brushless DC Motors with Non-Ideal Back EMF for EPS Applications." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 1198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.1198.
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The torque ripple of brushless dc (BLDC) motors at low rotation speeds is prominent, while in the majority of working time of the automotive electric power steering (EPS) system, the steering rate is low and the assistant motor runs at low rotation speeds. Therefore, to develop a high-performance EPS system with a BLDC motor, the problem of torque ripple at low rotation speeds must be solved. Otherwise, the steering feel will not be smooth. This paper proposed an algorithm based on BLDC motors’ essential torque formula combined with the back-EMF (Electromotive Force) waveform coefficient to modify the target current to suppress the torque pulsation effectively. Meanwhile, the commutation process of this type motor is very short. Therefore, the torque coefficient can be regarded as constant during the commutation intervals. A direct pulse-width modulation (PWM) control method considering phase resistances is analyzed with a unipolar PWM scheme to reduce the commutation torque ripple further. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of this method.
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Ganiev, Rishat. "Energy interaction of two-link converters of a multi-motor drive with mains supply." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801007.
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It is known that the total power electrical loads consume from the mains is the sum of their two components – active and reactive. Most electric drives of modern industrial enterprises consume up to 40% of reactive energy in relation to the total energy. This results in an increased full power consumption thereby increasing the load on the supply mains. Modern electric drives are built as follows: supply mains – rectifier-direct current link-inverter – asynchronous motor. The total power consumption is at the "mains-rectifier" interface, where the required active power factor of the converter can be formed. The higher the active power factor, the lower the reactive component in the total consumed energy. Thus, the paper proposes a solution to the problem of building highly efficient converting devices for powering electric motors with the required power factor. In particular, the paper discusses possible increase in the power factor of the electric drive mains input with two-link frequency converters based on active (controlled) rectifiers with current and voltage inverters. The author proposes new ways to control active rectifiers based on the use of AC rectifying devices with fully controlled GTO, GCT thyristors, as well as pulse-width control IGBT transistors. The paper offers options for the construction of these rectifiers and the results of modeling the proposed control methods, confirming a decrease in the passive components of the mains current, and, as a consequence, an increase in the mains input power factor. The simulation results were obtained in MathLab 10, and are the basis for confirming the method of increasing the active power factor at the mains input of a controlled two-link frequency converter.
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Asiabar, Aria Noori, and Reza Kazemi. "A direct yaw moment controller for a four in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle using adaptive sliding mode control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 233, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419318807700.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a direct yaw moment control algorithm is designed such that the corrective yaw moment is generated through direct control of driving and braking torques of four in-wheel brushless direct current motors located at the empty space of vehicle wheels. The proposed control system consists of a higher-level controller and a lower-level controller. In the upper level of proposed controller, a PID controller is designed to keep longitudinal velocity constant in manoeuvres. In addition, due to probable modelling error and parametric uncertainties as well as adaptation of unknown parameters in control law, an adaptive sliding mode control through adaptation of unknown parameters is presented to yield the corrective yaw moment such that the yaw rate tracks the desired value and the vehicle sideslip angle maintains limited so as to improve vehicle handling stability. The lower-level controller allocates the achieved control efforts (i.e. total longitudinal force and corrective yaw moment) to driving or regenerative braking torques of four in-wheel motors so as to generate the desired tyre longitudinal forces. The additional yaw moment applied by upper-lever controller may saturate the tyre forces. To this end, a novel longitudinal slip ratio controller which is designed based on fuzzy logic is included in the lower-level controller. A tyre dynamic weight transfer-based torque distribution algorithm is employed to distribute the motor driving torque or regenerative braking torque of each in-wheel motor for vehicle stability enhancement. A seven degree-of-freedom non-linear vehicle model with Magic Formula tyre model as well as the proposed control algorithm are simulated in Matlab/Simulink software. Three steering inputs including lane change, double lane change and step-steer manoeuvres in different roads are investigated in simulation environment. The simulation results show that the proposed control algorithm is capable of improving vehicle handling stability and maintaining vehicle yaw stability.
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Sziki, Gusztáv Áron, Kornél Sarvajcz, Attila Szántó, and Tamás Mankovits. "Series Wound DC Motor Simulation Applying MATLAB SIMULINK and LabVIEW Control Design and Simulation Module." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 48, no. 1 (August 4, 2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.12908.
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In our previous publication a model for series wound direct current (SWDC) motors was described and a simulation program was presented which is based on the above model and was developed in MATLAB environment. In the publication mentioned above, the measurement process of the parameters (bearing resistance torque, electric resistances, dynamic inductances) of the SWDC motor was also described. From the parameters the program calculates the current intensity, rpm and torque of the motor as a function of time. The recent publication is about the realization of the above program applying the Control Design and Simulation Module of NI LabVIEW. This module enables the adjustment of input parameters (e.g. supply voltage) during the running of the program, thus the realization of real time driving simulation. In addition, among others, it can be applied with data acquisition, GPIB, CAN, and FPGA (field-programmable gate array) hardware platforms of National Instruments.
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Baklanov, Alexander, Nikolay Yesin, and Andrey Shilyakov. "ULL AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF NEW ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVES." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 4 (December 17, 2017): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2017-4-70-80.
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Objective: To study the specificities and parameters of the new, including innovative, freight and passenger electric locomotives, produced for domestic railways in the framework of the program of creating the new locomotives in 2004–2010. To analyze pull and energy efficiency parameters of direct current and alternating current electric locomotives. To estimate the maximum weight of trains and specific energy consumption of electric locomotives. To detect the advantages of new electric locomotives in comparison with those produced earlier. To develop guidelines on efficiency improvement of the new electric locomotives. Methods: Comparative analysis, methods of grade computations, linear regression analysis, power balance method. Results: The main design features and parameters of the new and earlier produced electric locomotives were studied, the former include the power of tractive motors, traction effort, as well as the speed at continuous rating of traction. The parameters of the new and earlier produced electric locomotives were compared. Key performance indicators of electric locomotives were analyzed, such as the maximum mass of a train and specific energy consumption on traction. The comparison of the above-mentioned indicators with performance indicators of earlier produced electric locomotives was given. According to calculation data and statistical data analysis the advantages of new electric locomotives were determined over those produced earlier. High performance of regenerative breaking was shown, specifically new electric locomotives. It was detected that in winter regeneration of electric energy was significantly reduced, in case of regenerative braking of passenger electric locomotives series EP1 with alternating current, as most of energy generated by tractive motors was spent on electric heating circuits of passenger cars. Guidelines on efficiency improvement of new electric locomotives were developed. Practical importance: The conditions in which new electric locomotives would implement the available advantages were determined, compared to those produced earlier. The elaborated offers make it possible to improve pull and energy efficiency of the new electric locomotives in operation.
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Nouria, Nair, Gasbaoui Brahim Ghazouni Abdelkader, and Benoudjafer Cherif. "Improved DTC strategy of an electric vehicle with four in-wheels induction motor drive 4WDEV using fuzzy logic control." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp650-661.
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In this paper, we will study a four-wheel drive electric vehicle (4WDEV)with two control strategies: conventional direct torque control CDTC and DTC based on fuzzy logic (DTFC). Our overall idea in this work is to show that the 4WDEV equipped with four induction motors providing the drive of the driving wheels controlled by the direct fuzzy torque control ensures good stability of the 4WDEV in the different topologies of the road, bends and slopes. and increases the range of the electric vehicle. Numerical simulations were performed on an electric vehicle powered by four 15 kW induction motors integrated into the wheels using the MATLAB / Simulink environment, where the reference speeds of each wheel (front and rear) are obtained using an electronic speed differential (ESD). This can eventually cause it to synchronize the wheel speeds in any curve. The speed of each wheel is controlled by two types of PI and FLC controllers to improve stability and speed response (in terms of setpoint tracking, disturbance rejection and climb time). Simulation results show that the proposed FLC control strategy reduces torque, flux and stator current ripple. While the4WDEV range was improved throughout the driving cycle and battery power consumption was reduced.
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Goraj, Robert. "Novel coupled model for power loss prediction in a record-breaking electric aircraft motor." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2017-0278.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to devise an analytical approach to calculate conductor winding losses, considering multiple contributing aspects simultaneously. These include the geometric configuration of coil windings, frequency of the electric current and the dependency on the coil temperature, derived studying a coupled fluid–solid model considering the cooling system characteristics. The obtained results allow identifying power loss trends according to such system variables as coolant inlet temperature or overall flow rate of the motor.Design/methodology/approachAn easy-to-use coupled analytical approach is applied, which is suitable for rapid estimations of the impact of parameter variation on the resulting conductor winding power losses that facilitates decision-making in the design process of electric aircraft engines.FindingsIn the considered cooling parameters, the overall conductor winding power losses vary approximately between 6 kW and 7.2 kW. More than 95 per cent of this loss is because of direct current losses. These losses cause the variation in maximal coil temperature ranging between 115°C and 170°C.Practical implicationsThe SP260D motor is set and was currently tested in Extra 330. It recently broke two world records.Social implicationsOne of the current trends in aircraft engineering is electric aircraft. Advantages of electric aircraft include improved manoeuvrability because of greater torque from electric motors, increased safety because of decreased chance of mechanical failure, less risk of explosion or fire in the event of a collision and less noise. There will be environmental and cost benefits associated with the elimination of dependency on fossil fuels and resultant emissions.Originality/valueThe use of a novel fluid–solid interaction model for predicting conductor winding power loss of the SP260D electric aircraft motor has not been done earlier. A novel alternative derivation of the widely applied Dowell’s formula (Dowell, 1966) is presented for the estimation of proximity losses in square winding conductors.
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Shi, Lu Huan, and Yao Hui Li. "Study of the Electricity-Draw Control System in Electrical Engineering Based on Neural Network DTC." Advanced Materials Research 676 (March 2013): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.676.209.
Full textAbstract:
In the electricity draws control system, the change of Low-velocity area of Rs will bring about a series of problem, especially the stator current and flux, will cause the distortion of the speed pulse vibration. The test discussed control scheme and optimization designs of asynchronous draw motors from exchange transmission electric locomotive operation characteristic demand. It adopts control strategy of neural network direct torque control (DTC) to control electricity draw the locomotive, to analyze the reacting of starting and sudden change of load, verifying this method may effectively improve the dynamic performance of the asynchronous motor, got up the very good inhibitory action to the low speed area torque pulsation. Thus the simulation results have proven the neural network DTC control strategy feasibility.
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Gelver, Fedor, Veniamin Samoseiko, and Alexandr Saushev. "Ship electromotive system with common DC buses." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913502009.
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The universal structure of the ship’s electromotive system with common DC (direct current) buses is proposed. It is shown that this structure allows: improving operational, energy, environmental and massdimensional characteristics of the motive system; increasing the reliability and survivability of the ship’s electric power system; braking propellers with the transfer of braking energy to consumers of its own needs or to the energy storage; redistributing energy between propulsion electric machines with the dissipation of braking energy in the working environment; providing fuel economy in the range of 12^15 % depending on the modes of operation of the ship in comparison with the known structures of electric propulsion systems. Analytical dependences that allow choosing the voltage level of the electric generator and coordinating it with the level of nominal voltages on the propeller motors and other load connected to the voltage inverters are obtained. A function for the analytical description of the limiting reversible mechanical characteristic of the propeller is synthesized. The mathematical description of the braking and reverse modes of the propulsion electric plant is given. Synthesis of algorithms of control of propulsion electric plant with two propellers at braking and reverse is carried out. The time diagrams of the torque, speed and power changes at each of the propellers for the proposed algorithm of braking and reverse of the propeller motors are presented.
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Bublik, Vladimir Vasilyevich, Oleg Vladimirovich Gatelyuk, Nikolay Vasilyevich Esin, Viktor Alexandrovich Smirnov, and Oleg Dmitrievich Yurasov. "Condition analysis of existing technological process for repair of electric traction motors of direct current freight locomotives with the use of theory of network planning and control." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2020): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2020-2-70-74.
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The paper provides information about the experience of using network schedules in the conditions of service locomotive depots that contribute to the observance of logical discipline in planning, drawing up calendar plans and managing repair work to restore traction engines of 2ES6 series of freight electric locomotives, as well as a set of measures to optimize the technological process of traction engines repair in the volume of TR-600. The analysis of the existing technological process of repair of traction engines allowed to reveal features of distribution of time of each operation in branches of the network schedule with identification of time parameters of volumes of repair of its separate nodes, and also to justify reserves allowing to accelerate carrying out planned repairs of traction engines in volume of TR-600 of the electric locomotive. The results obtained can be used in service locomotive depots when justifying measures to optimize the technological process of repair of electric locomotives in order to reduce the time and economic costs of repairing electric locomotives 2ES6.
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Allen, John G., and John P. Aurelius. "Commuter Rail Reelectrification: Is It Still Justified?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1838, no. 1 (January 2003): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1838-02.
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From the late 1960s through the mid-1990s, North American commuter railroads electrified with overhead wire moved toward high-voltage alternating current (AC) at commercial frequency so as to adopt state-of-the art technology. The extent and complexity of reelectrification have varied greatly, as projects in New Jersey, Connecticut, and Montreal, Canada, (and one planned for the Netherlands) show. Changes in the justification threshold for reelectrification are reviewed, along with a decision to retain a direct current (DC) system in Chicago. The recent development of onboard inverters, changing DC into AC for traction motors, has made it easier for electric rail operations to enjoy the benefits of AC propulsion without reelectrification costs.
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Gu, Minming, Yajie Wei, Haipeng Pan, and Yujia Ying. "A New Real-Time Pinch Detection Algorithm Based on Model Reference Kalman Prediction and SRMS for Electric Adjustable Desk." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 4699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174699.
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This paper presents a new algorithm based on model reference Kalman torque prediction algorithm combined with the sliding root mean square (SRMS). It is necessary to improve the accuracy and reliability of the pinch detection for avoiding collision with the height adjustable desk and accidents on users. Motors need to regulate their position and speed during the operation using different voltage by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to meet the requirement of position synchronization. It causes much noise and coupling information in the current sampling signal. Firstly, to analyze the working principle of an electric height adjustable desk control system, a system model is established with consideration of the DC (Direct Current) motor characteristics and the coupling of the system. Secondly, to precisely identify the load situation, a new model reference Kalman perdition method is proposed. The load torque signal is selected as a pinch state variable of the filter by comparing the current signal. Thirdly, to meet the need of the different loads of the electric table, the sliding root means square (SRMS) of the torque is proposed to be the criterion for threshold detection. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the experiments are carried out in the actual system. Experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can detect the pinched state accurately under different load conditions.
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Nikonchuk, I. N. "On the issue of increasing operational energy efficiency of eight-axle passenger DC electric locomotives." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 79, no. 6 (February 27, 2021): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2020-79-6-373-382.
Full textAbstract:
Mass of a passenger train and, accordingly, number of cars in its composition is selected based on the amount of passenger traffic on the section, determined by the seasonal demand for transportation in each direction. In one direction of the section serviced by an electric locomotive, the mass of a passenger train may differ several times from the opposite direction, which depends on the destination station of the train and the period of its circulation. At present, in addition to 6-axle electric locomotives of the ChS2T and EP2K series, more powerful 8-axle electric locomotives of the ChS7 series operate in the same schedule for traction of passenger trains on railway sections electrified with direct current with a voltage of 3 kV catenary. All three series of the considered electric locomotives are designed for a maximum operating speed of up to 160 km/h. In this regard, there is a situation with the underutilization of the maximum speed and excess power of the ChS7 electric ocomotives, especially when operating with passenger trains of medium and low weight and a limited speed of 120 km/h. The comparative data on the specific power consumption of the EP2K 6-axle electric locomotives and the ChS7 8-axle electric locomotives operating in the same schedule, presented in the article, indicate the need to find additional reserves for saving the specific power consumption when servicing passenger trains of medium and low weight with ChS7 electric locomotives. The electric locomotive power system includes traction and auxiliary electric machines. The article discusses ways to turn off part of traction motors, which can be carried out with a standard electric locomotive circuit. However, when one section of the electric locomotive is turned off, the power of the four traction motors remaining in operation is not always sufficient to drive a passenger train according to the schedule. Therefore, a variant of improving the power circuit of an electric locomotive in the process of carrying out its overhaul is proposed. This option represents the modernization of the power circuit of the ChS7 electric locomotive when operating on a series-parallel connection with a pair of traction motors disconnected. As a result, the power circuit of the 8-axle electric locomotive operates similarly to the circuit of 6-axle DC electric locomotives with a collector traction drive. The expected savings in specific power consumption can reach 15% in comparison with the operation of an 8-axle electric locomotive ChS7 in normal mode. Switching off one section of the electric locomotive and further running the train on four traction electric motors will reduce the specific power consumption by up to 25%.