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1
Nguyen, Duy Huu Manh. "Analysing electricity markets with evolutionary computation." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0018.
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The use of electricity in 21st century living has been firmly established throughout most of the world, correspondingly the infrastructure for production and delivery of electricity to consumers has matured and stabilised. However, due to recent technical and environmental–political developments, the electricity infrastructure worldwide is undergoing major restructuring. The forces driving this reorganisation are a complex interplay of technical, environmental, economic and political factors. The general trend of the reorganisation is a dis–aggregation of the previously integrated functions of generation, transmission and distribution, together with the establishment of competitive markets, primarily in generation, to replace previous regulated monopolistic utilities. To ensure reliable and cost effective electricity supply to consumers it is necessary to have an accurate picture of the expected generation in terms of the spatial and temporal distribution of prices and volumes. Previously this information was obtained by the regulated utility using technical studies such as centrally planned unit–commitment and economic–dispatch. However, in the new deregulated market environment such studies have diminished applicability and limited accuracy since generation assets are generally autonomous and subject to market forces. With generation outcomes governed by market mechanisms, to have an accurate picture of expected generation in the new electricity supply industry, it is necessary to complement traditional studies with new studies of market equilibrium and stability. Models and solution methods have been developed and refined for many markets, however they cannot be directly applied to the generation market due to the unique nature of electricity, having high inelastic demand, low storage capability and distinct transportation requirements. Intensive effort is underway to formulate solutions and models that specifically reflect the unique characteristics of the generation market. Various models have been proposed including game theory, stochastic and agent–based systems. Similarly there is a diverse range of solution methods including, Monte–Carlo simulations, linear–complimentary and quadratic programming. These approaches have varying degrees of generality, robustness and accuracy, some being better in certain aspects but weaker in others. This thesis formulates a new general model for the generation market based on the Cournot game, it makes no conjectures about producers’ behaviour and assumes that all electricity produced is immediately consumed. The new formulation characterises producers purely by their cost curves, which is only required to be piece–wise differentiable, and allows consumers’ characteristics to remain unspecified. The formulation can determine dynamic equilibrium and multiple equilibria of markets with single and multiple consumers and producers. Additionally stability concepts for the new market equilibrium is also developed to provide discrimination for dynamic equilibrium and to enable the structural stability of the market to be assessed. Solutions of the new formulation are evaluated by the use of evolutionary computation, which is a guided stochastic search paradigm that mimics the operation of biological evolution to iteratively produce a population of solutions. Evolutionary computation is employed as it is adept at finding multiple solutions for underconstrained systems, such as that of the new market formulation. Various enhancements to significantly improve the performance of the algorithms and simplify its application are developed. The concept of convergence potential of a population is introduced together with a system for the controlled extraction of such potential to accelerate the algorithm’s convergence and improve its accuracy and robustness. A new constraint handling technique for linear constraints that preserves the solution’s diversity is also presented together with a coevolutionary solution method for the multiple consumers and producers market. To illustrate the new electricity market formulation and its evolutionary computation solution methods, the equilibrium and stability of a test market with one consumer and thirteen thermal generators with valve point losses is examined. The case of a multiple consumer market is not simulated, though the formulation and solution methods for this case is included. The market solutions obtained not only confirms previous findings thus validating the new approach, but also includes new results yet to be verified by future studies. Techniques for market designers, regulators and other system planners in utilising the new market solutions are also given. In summary, the market formulation and solution method developed shows great promise in determining expected generation in a deregulated environment.
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Kunchum, Sandeep. "A network infrastructure for real-time monitoring of campus energy consumption." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Kunchum_09007dcc80490489.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed March 26, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).
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Fang, Gloria(Gloria Yu Liang). "Instruction-level power consumption simulator for modeling simple timing and power side channels in a 32-bit RISC-V micro-processor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130686.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2021<br>Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 139-140).<br>We create a Python based RISC-V simulator that is capable of simulating any assembly code written in RISC-V, and even perform simple power analysis of RISC-V designs. The power consumption of non-privileged RISC-V RV32IM instructions are measured experimentally, forming the basis for our simulator. These instructions include memory loads and stores, PC jumps and branches, as well as arithmetic instructions with register values. The object-oriented simulator also supports stepping and debugging. In the context of designing software for hardware use, the simulator helps assess vulnerability to side channel attacks by accepting input power consumption values. The power consumption graph of any disassembled RISC-V code can be obtained if the power consumption of each instruction is given as an input; then, from the output power consumption waveforms, we can assess how vulnerable a system is to side channel attacks. Because the power values can be customized based on what's experimentally measured, this means that our simulator can be applied to any disassembled code and to any system as long as the input power consumption of each instruction is supplied. Finally, we demonstrate an example application of the simulator on a pseudorandom function for simple side channel power analysis.<br>by Gloria (Yu Liang) Fang.<br>M. Eng.<br>M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Zaag, Nader. "Fast simulation of cascading outages with islanding." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112588.
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This thesis proposes an efficient power system simulator to estimate the automatic sequence of events that follow a fault contingency leading to islanding and cascading outages. The simulator is based on a quasi-steady state model that includes island identification, under-frequency load shedding, over-frequency generator tripping, and island load flow. Contingencies can include the outage of generators, loads, or transmission lines. Often times, a fault of one or two of these power system elements can lead to many cascaded outages and system islanding. The simulator utilizes an innovative method that analyzes the null space of the DC load flow susceptance matrix to identify system islands after each disturbance. Once system islands have been determined, each island power imbalance is calculated and the simulator determines based on the power imbalance in each island whether any load shedding, generator tripping, or primary frequency regulation is required. Once these corrective actions are completed each island will either have been found to balance power or will experience blackout. In the islands that have balanced power, a load flow is computed to see if all line flow constraints are satisfied. Any lines with flow constraint violations are faulted, and the iterative process is repeated under all line flow constraints are satisfied.<br>The results demonstrate the ability of the simulator to quickly and efficiently predict a system's response to contingencies leading to cascading outages and islanding. Simulations were conducted on a 10-bus 13-line network, a 24-bus 38-line network, and a 72-bus 119-line network.<br>This thesis also examined the highly complex mixed-integer linear problem of identifying the optimum initial outage in the sense that it would cause the maximum amount of load shedding through islanding. The results on a three-line, three-bus test properly identified the line whose initial outage caused overflows leading to system separation and maximum loss of load.
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Parikh, Rajiv D. "PC based simulation software package for an uninterruptable power supply." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020238/.
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Atkinson-Hope, Gary. "An integrated programme for power systems simulation using personal computers (PC's)." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1147.
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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Technology)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1993<br>The research objectives were to:
Formulate a training structure covering conventional power
systems topics;
Research existing PC based power systems software resources;
Develop a structure for a PC based power systems course;
Research the capabilities of the software resources chosen;
Develop a structure for a modern PC based power systems course
taking into account the capabilities and limitations of the
selected software programs;
Develop for the PC based power systems course, task orientated
computer based laboratory set-ups.
The set-ups provide:
An introduction into the topics concerned;
An explanation of the usage of each program applied, where
usage means an explanation of the Input and Output Data of each
program;
User friendly simulation experiments.
These set-ups, together with software programs and a personal
computer integrate into a training programme and realize a power
systems simulation course.
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Arès, Jean-Michel. "A knowledge-based model and simulator for alarm and protection systems of power networks /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63921.
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Arata, John Paul III. "Simulation and control strategy development of power-split hybrid-electric vehicles." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42790.
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Power-split hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) provide two power paths between the internal combustion (IC) engine and the driven wheels through gearing and electric machines (EMs) composing an electrically variable transmission (EVT). EVTs allow IC engine control such that rotational speed is independent of vehicle speed at all times. By breaking the rigid mechanical connection between the IC engine and the driven wheels, EVTs allow the IC engine to operate in the most efficient region of its characteristic brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) map. If the most efficient IC engine operating point produces more power than is requested by the driver, the excess IC engine power can be stored in the energy storage system (ESS) and used later. Conversely, if the most efficient IC engine operating point does not meet the power request of the driver, the ESS delivers the difference to the wheels through the EMs. Therefore with an intelligent supervisory control strategy, power-split architectures can advantageously combine traditional series and parallel power paths.
In the first part of this work, two different power-split HEV powertrains are compared using a two-term cost function and steady-state backward-looking simulation (BLS). BLS is used to find battery power management strategies that result in minimized fuel consumption over a user-defined drive-cycle. The supervisory control strategy design approach amounts to an exhaustive search over all kinematically admissible input operating points, leading to a minimized instantaneous cost function. While the approach provides a valuable comparison of two architectures, non-ideal engine speed fluctuations result. Therefore, in the second part of the work, two approaches for designing control strategies with refined IC engine speed transitions are investigated using high-fidelity forward-looking simulation (FLS). These two approaches include: i) smoothing the two-term cost function optimization results, and ii) introducing a three-term cost function. It is found that both achieve operable engine speed transitions, and result in fuel economy (FE) estimates which compare well to previous BLS results. It is further found that the three-term cost function finds more efficient operating points than the smoothed two-term cost function approach. From the investigations carried out in parts one and two of this work, a two-phase control strategy development process is suggested where control strategies are generated using efficient steady-state BLS models, and then further tested and verified in high-fidelity FLS models. In conclusion, the FLS results justify the efficacy of the two-phased process, suggesting rapid and effective development of implementable power-split HEV supervisory control strategies.
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劉紅進 and Hongjin Liu. "Implementation of a multi-agent based power market simulator." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224829.
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Garrett, Bretton Wayne. "Digital simulation of power system protection under transient conditions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27303.
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This work demonstrates the use of digital simulation for analyzing protection
system performance. For studies of complex, multi-relay protection systems, digital simulation provides utility engineers with an attractive alternative to relay testing techniques. The cost of digital simulation facilities can be lower than the cost of comparable testing facilities; relay hardware does not have to be made available for the test laboratory.
Digital simulation would ordinarily be impractical for security and dependability studies, due to the thousands of individual simulations involved. The number of simulations needed can be greatly reduced by using a technique called "numerical logic replacement" for implementing the protection scheme logic. This unconventional technique makes near-misoperation visible from individual simulations.
The likelihood of overlooking potential misoperation is thus much lower than with the usual direct (Boolean) implementations.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of<br>Graduate
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Cullen, Kathleen Ann. "Forecasting electricity demand using regression and Monte Carlo simulation under conditions of insufficient data." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=903.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 137 p. : ill., map Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-107).
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Woodburn, David. "Modeling and Simulation of All-electric Aircraft Power Generation and Actuation." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6037.
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Modern aircraft, military and commercial, rely extensively on hydraulic systems. However, there is great interest in the avionics community to replace hydraulic systems with electric systems. There are physical challenges to replacing hydraulic actuators with electromechanical actuators (EMAs), especially for flight control surface actuation. These include dynamic heat generation and power management.
Simulation is seen as a powerful tool in making the transition to all-electric aircraft by predicting the dynamic heat generated and the power flow in the EMA. Chapter 2 of this dissertation describes the nonlinear, lumped-element, integrated modeling of a permanent magnet (PM) motor used in an EMA. This model is capable of representing transient dynamics of an EMA, mechanically, electrically, and thermally.
Inductance is a primary parameter that links the electrical and mechanical domains and, therefore, is of critical importance to the modeling of the whole EMA. In the dynamic mode of operation of an EMA, the inductances are quite nonlinear. Chapter 3 details the careful analysis of the inductances from finite element software and the mathematical modeling of these inductances for use in the overall EMA model.
Chapter 4 covers the design and verification of a nonlinear, transient simulation model of a two-step synchronous generator with three-phase rectifiers. Simulation results are shown.<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Electrical Engineering and Computer Science<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Electrical Engineering
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Onwunta, Onwunta Emea Kalu. "Modelling and simulation of the impacts of distributed generation integration into the smart grid." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1200.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Doctor of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014<br>Distributed generation (DG) has been reincarnated after its demise by centralised generation. While economy of scale and efficiency are the advantages of the latter, deregulation of the electricity market, environmental concerns and the need to arrest dwindling reserve margins have necessitated the rebirth of the former. Indeed, a full circle has therefore evolved with generation being ‘embedded’ in distribution systems and ‘dispersed’ around the system rather than being located and dispatched centrally or globally. This development is in tandem with the history of industrial revolutions that started from energy and moved through services and communication and back to energy.
South Africa is not immune to the global energy, especially tertiary energy, challenge phenomenon. At the peak of the 2007-2008 energy crisis, her generation net reserve margin fell below 10% – well below conventional industry benchmark of at least 15%. Also South Africa is Africa’s largest emitter of CO2 contributing over 40% of Africa’s total CO2 emissions. Therefore, DG’s relevance to South Africa is quite obvious.
However, DG integration into distribution networks leads to a number of challenges. For instance, with significant penetration of DG power flow reversal may be experienced and the distribution network will no longer be a passive circuit. This underscores the crucial role of ICT in active distribution network occasioned by DG and especially the emergent of “prosumerism” (a hitherto consumer also becoming a producer). Therefore, a smart grid and similar phrases have all been used to describe a “digitised” and intelligent version of the present-day power grid.
There are immense benefits derivable from modelling and simulation. Consequently, a typical radial distribution network model has been developed to evaluate the considerable impacts of DG integration. The modelling and simulation of the network are accomplished using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory simulation package. Impacts of DG on voltage profile, fault level, voltage stability and protection coordination have been investigated and their possible mitigation measures proferred. The results reveal that for a particular DG type its impacts depend mainly on its capacity and point of connection relative to a given load type. Smart grid technology addresses some of these impacts through its inherent capability which includes peer-to-peer relay communication for protective devices on the distribution feeder as well as communication to the DG facility.
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Lintern, Matthew A. "The energy consumption mechanisms of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle in real-world driving." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17959.
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With increasing costs of fossil fuels and intensified environmental awareness, low carbon vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), are becoming more popular for car buyers due to their lower running costs. HEVs are sensitive to the driving conditions under which they are used however, and real-world driving can be very different to the legislative test cycles. On the road there are higher speeds, faster accelerations and more changes in speed, plus additional factors that are not taken into account in laboratory tests, all leading to poorer fuel economy. Future trends in the automotive industry are predicted to include a large focus on increased hybridisation of passenger cars in the coming years, so this is an important current research area. The aims of this project were to determine the energy consumption of a HEV in real-world driving, and investigate the differences in this compared to other standard drive cycles, and also compared to testing in laboratory conditions. A second generation Toyota Prius equipped with a GPS (Global Positioning System) data logging system collected driving data while in use by Loughborough University Security over a period of 9 months. The journey data was used for the development of a drive cycle, the Loughborough University Urban Drive Cycle 2 (LUUDC2), representing urban driving around the university campus and local town roads. It will also have a likeness to other similar driving routines. Vehicle testing was carried out on a chassis dynamometer on the real-world LUUDC2 and other existing drive cycles for comparison, including ECE-15, UDDS (Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule) and Artemis Urban. Comparisons were made between real-world driving test results and chassis dynamometer real-world cycle test results. Comparison was also made with a pure electric vehicle (EV) that was tested in a similar way. To verify the test results and investigate the energy consumption inside the system, a Prius model in Autonomie vehicle simulation software was used. There were two main areas of results outcomes; the first of which was higher fuel consumption on the LUUDC2 compared to other cycles due to cycle effects, with the former having greater accelerations and a more transient speed profile. In a drive cycle acceleration effect study, for the cycle with 80% higher average acceleration than the other the difference in fuel consumption was about 32%, of which around half of this was discovered to be as a result of an increased average acceleration and deceleration rate. Compared to the standard ECE-15 urban drive cycle, fuel consumption was 20% higher on the LUUDC2. The second main area of outcomes is the factors that give greater energy consumption in real-world driving compared to in a laboratory and in simulations being determined and quantified. There was found to be a significant difference in fuel consumption for the HEV of over a third between on-road real-world driving and chassis dynamometer testing on the developed real-world cycle. Contributors to the difference were identified and explored further to quantify their impact. Firstly, validation of the drive cycle accuracy by statistical comparison to the original dataset using acceleration magnitude distributions highlighted that the cycle could be better matched. Chassis dynamometer testing of a new refined cycle showed that this had a significant impact, contributing approximately 16% of the difference to the real-world driving, bringing this gap down to 21%. This showed how important accurate cycle production from the data set is to give a representative and meaningful output. Road gradient was investigated as a possible contributor to the difference. The Prius was driven on repeated circuits of the campus to produce a simplified real-world driving cycle that could be directly linked with the corresponding gradients, which were obtained by surveying the land. This cycle was run on the chassis dynamometer and Autonomie was also used to simulate driving this cycle with and without its gradients. This study showed that gradient had a negligible contribution to fuel consumption of the HEV in the case of a circular route where returning to the start point. A main factor in the difference to real-world driving was found to be the use of climate control auxiliaries with associated ambient temperature. Investigation found this element is estimated to contribute over 15% to the difference in real-world fuel consumption, by running the heater in low temperatures and the air conditioning in high temperatures. This leaves a 6% remainder made up of a collection of other small real-world factors. Equivalent tests carried out in simulations to those carried out on the chassis dynamometer gave 20% lower fuel consumption. This is accounted for by degradation of the test vehicle at approximately 7%, and the other part by inaccuracy of the simulation model. Laboratory testing of the high voltage battery pack found it constituted around 2% of the vehicle degradation factor, plus an additional 5% due to imbalance of the battery cell voltages, on top of the 7% stated above. From this investigation it can be concluded that the driving cycle and environment have a substantial impact of the energy use of a HEV. Therefore they could be better designed by incorporating real-world driving into the development process, for example by basing control strategies on real-world drive cycles. Vehicles would also benefit from being developed for use in a particular application to improve their fuel consumption. Alternatively, factors for each of the contributing elements of real-world driving could be included in published fuel economy figures to give prospective users more representative values.
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Lai, Tsz-ming Terence, and 黎子明. "Harmonic simulation of traction system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122281X.
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Stefopoulos, Georgios Konstantinos. "Quadratic power system modeling and simulation with application to voltage recovery and optimal allocation of VAr support." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29695.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.<br>Committee Chair: Meliopoulos, A. P. Sakis; Committee Member: Deng, Shijie; Committee Member: Divan, Deepakraj; Committee Member: Harley, Ronald; Committee Member: Taylor, David. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Aminou, Moussavou Anges Akim. "Modelling and analysis of microgrid control techniques for grid stabilisation." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1184.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the
Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014<br>In recent times, renewable energy-based distributed generation (DG) has captivated the industrial sector and on a global scale this has become a leading research area. Distributed generation using wind, solar energy or biomass as a source of energy can produce electricity on a small scale. Therefore, there is a strong focus on using renewable energy as a safe alternative source of energy, especially because it can in future play a dominant role in the world’s energy production and help to tackle the increase of global warming caused by fossil energy. However, a major problem facing renewable energies is that they are highly dependent on weather conditions. Since the power generated by DG, as well as consumption, depends on the weather conditions, irregularity of production and consumption leads to frequency and voltage fluctuations, and it can become difficult to determine and monitor consumer usage at any given time. Distributed generation can then be subjected to discrepancies in consumer usage and this can lead to severe overloading. As a result, microgrids powered by DG, operating in a single, stand-alone controllable system mode, face new challenges in terms of balancing a cluster of loads. Balancing a cluster of loads by making sure at all times that the entire system operates without overloading, is an essential requirement for the proper operation of a power system. The microgrid load considered in this project is the sum of sensitive and non-sensitive loads, respectively 5 kW and 100 kW, which constitute load requirement of one village; this total load required by a number of villages is called a cluster load. Depending on the input power generated by a DG-based photovoltaic (PV) system, these loads can be controlled using a logic control switch (LCS). When the power produced is less than the minimum load required by a component of a cluster, overloading occurs. The purpose of using an LCS is to ensure that a stable system is maintained under various loads and resource conditions. An LCS is used to continuously monitor and adjust load through circuit breakers. It is a good alternative to load balancing for a cluster of villages in rural area where a microgrid is operating in stand-alone mode.
The focus of this research is to design a photovoltaic system with a maximum capacity of 1 MW providing power to a cluster of rural villages, and operating in stand-alone mode, and then to apply different control techniques (droop control, dq0 reference frame + proportional integral (PI) controller, and PI controller alone) at the inverter terminal of the PV system, in order to evaluate the stability of the output voltage. Another goal of the research is to develop an energy management system (EMS) algorithm to support the PV system in reducing loads. Therefore, a
iii
stable system under various load and resource conditions, as well as suitable control mechanisms are required to model a PV system.
There is a need for the modelling of a PV array using a physical modelling block in MATLAB (SIMULINK) software. The state flow provided by SIMULINK is used in this project to develop an algorithm for load balancing. The state flow gives possibilities of modelling complex algorithms by combining graphical and tabular representations to create sequential decision logic, derived from state transition diagrams and tables, flow charts and truth tables.
Furthermore, the design of a microgrid using photovoltaic DG and an energy management system, has been developed. The present work mainly consists of a stand-alone microgrid operation, where the power generated must be equal to the load power. In addition, different control methods, consisting of a dq0 reference frame + PI controller, are analysed at the invertor terminal. Subsequently an LCS algorithm is developed; this is required to maintain the system within certain limits and prevents overloading. LCS algorithms are based on a flowchart and allow switching automatically selected loads, depending on the power (solar radiation) available. In addition, a flow chart provides an easy way of using a graphical transition state and state chart to establish a set of rules for the system.
The simulation results show that both droop control and a dq0 reference frame + PI controller are much better than a PI controller alone; these results also compared well with similar studies found in the literature. Also, these results are further improved with an EMS in order to maintain the output voltage of the microgrid, by switching on and off certain loads depending on the input power.
The modelling of the microgrid using DG, based on photovoltaic systems with a maximum capacity of 1 MW, supports and improves the PV system by reducing loads. Moreover, droop control, and dq0 transformation + PI control present a better result than PI controller alone.
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King, Benjamin J. "FrAPPE: A Framework for the Analysis of Power Consumption in Peer-to Peer Environments." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1370342084.
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Girouard, Pierre. "Un système expert pour la gestion en temps réel des alarmes dans un réseau électrique /." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63940.
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Shi, Benyun. "Computational methods and mechanisms for evaluating and enhancing the robustness of energy distribution systems." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1408.
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Nilakantan, Ravishankar. "New power converter topologies for minimizing energy consumption of electronic appliances." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41209.
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The proliferation of electronic equipment that is permanently connected to the grid causes significant parasitic losses. Yet, the design of power supplies for PCs, servers, multi-function printers, etc, is governed by the cost and component specifications at the peak operating point as well as the thermal management of the power supply itself. Most power supplies have lower efficiencies at light loads than at their rated loads. If the unit spends most of its time at the light load operating point, then the energy consumption will be much higher compared to a situation where the power supply is optimized for overall energy consumption with a specified load cycle. Considering that most electronic appliances are produced in high volume, the use of power supplies that permit easy custom design makes sense from the standpoint of energy efficiency. Over the past few years, multiple topological changes and design changes that aim to improve the efficiency of the power supplies have been proposed. However, their proliferation in low cost consumer electronics has been limited primarily by their high costs, additional area overhead and incompatibility with existing power supply converter topologies. As a part of this Master's thesis research work, a business case is first proposed to show that a market for low cost and high power rating electronic devices that exhibits high power efficiency exists. Then a novel yet simple, low cost device(SSSR) is proposed to improve the efficiency of existing power supplies without effecting major changes to their existing design. Our claims are backed up by simulation results and a working prototype. Finally, a ROI model is presented to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed solution in today's consumer market.
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Liu, Kai, and 劉愷. "Optimal dispatch and management for smart power grid." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46336680.
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Conradie, Antonie Eduard. "Performance optimization of engineering systems with particular reference to dry-cooled power plants." Thesis, Link to the online version, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1326.
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Zambianco, José Douglas Bertazzoni. "Sistema para monitoramento detalhado do consumo elétrico residencial utilizando rede de sensores ZigBee." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261466.
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Orientador: José Antonio Siqueira Dias<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T01:41:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Zambianco_JoseDouglasBertazzoni_M.pdf: 9119202 bytes, checksum: 1528fa36f62f343ceab5d63f4d9c113f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: O setor elétrico vem buscando cada vez mais a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços prestados a seus consumidores. Dessa forma, há uma necessidade de entender o consumo elétrico de cada cliente, onde o perfil individualizado pode trazer informações importantes quanto a utilização da energia elétrica, tornando possível a melhoria constante para melhor atender este consumidor. Neste trabalho, é apresentado um projeto, seu desenvolvimento e implementação de uma rede de sensores monitorando o consumo de cada ponto de uma casa, considerando tomadas, lâmpadas e chuveiros afim de trazer a porcentagem de uso de cada ponto de consumo.<br>Abstract: The electrical segment is always looking for better quality of services offered to customers. There is a demand of understand the consuption of electrical energy by each customer, it can bring an individualized profile that can show important informations related to the energy usage and how make it better. This works presents a project design, the development and implementation of a sensors
network monitoring the power consuption of each point of a house, considering wall sockets, jack, electrical shower and lamps to take the percentage of each point usage.<br>Mestrado<br>Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica<br>Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Setréus, Johan. "Development of a Simulation Module for the Reliability Computer Program RADPOW." Thesis, KTH, School of Electrical Engineering (EES), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4119.
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<p>Detta examensarbete beskriver hur en Monte Carlo simulering (MCS) kan användas för tillförlitlighetsanalys av ett eldistributionssystem. Metoden har implementerats i verktyget RADPOW som nu kan utföra både analytiska och numeriska beräkningar. Angreppssättet för att utveckla denna MCS metod i RADPOW innefattade följande aktiviteter:</p><p>• Vidareutvecklade av RADPOW med införandet av ett grafiskt användargränssnitt för Windows.</p><p>• Utveckling och implementering av en iterativ analytisk metod för känslighetsanalys av eldistributionssystem i RADPOW.</p><p>• Utveckling och implementering av MCS metoden i RADPOW, vilken placerades i en fristående modul kallad Sim.</p><p>Den implementerade MCS metoden har validerats i en jämförande studie innefattande två testsystem med datorprogrammet NEPLAN. Resultat från denna studie visar att MCS metoden ger samma resultat som den analytiska metoden i RADPOW och det kommersiella verktyget NEPLAN.</p><br><p>This master thesis describes an implementation of a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method for reliability assessment of electrical distribution systems. The method has been implemented in the reliability assessment tool RADPOW which now is able to perform both analytical and simulation evaluations. The main contributions within this thesis includes the following activities;</p><p>• Further development of RADPOW by the introducing of a graphical user interface for Windows.</p><p>• Development and implementation of an analytical sensitivity analysis routine for RADPOW.</p><p>• Development and implementation of a sequential MCS method in RADPOW in a stand alone module referred to as Sim.</p><p>The implemented MCS method has been validated in a comparable study for two case systems by a commercial software NEPLAN. Results shows that the implemented MCS method provides the same results as the analytical method in RADPOW and the NEPLAN software.</p>
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Ng, Kwok-kei Simon, and 吳國基. "Optimal planning and management of stochastic demand and renewable energy in smart power grid." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434299.
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To combat global climate change, the reduction of carbon emissions in different industries, particularly the power industry, has been gradually moving towards a low-carbon profile to alleviate any irreversible damage to the planet and our future generations. Traditional fossil-fuel-based generation is slowly replaced by more renewable energy generation while it can be harnessed. However, renewables such as solar and wind are stochastic in nature and difficult to predict accurately. With the increasing content of renewables, there is also an increasing challenge to the planning and operation of the grid.
With the rapid deployment of smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), an emerging approach is to schedule controllable end-use devices to improve energy efficiency. Real-time pricing signals combined with this approach can potentially deliver more economic and environmental advantages compared with the existing common flat tariffs. Motivated by this, the thesis presents an automatic and optimal load scheduling framework to help balance intermittent renewables via the demand side.
A bi-level consumer-utility optimization model is proposed to take marginal price signals and wind power into account. The impact of wind uncertainty is formulated in three different ways, namely deterministic value, scenario analysis, and cumulative distributions function, to provide a comprehensive modeling of unpredictable wind energy. To solve the problem in off-the-shelf optimization software, the proposed non-linear bi-level model is converted into an equivalent single-level mixed integer linear programming problem using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions and linearization techniques. Numerical examples show that the proposed model is able to achieve the dual goals of minimizing the consumer payment as well as improving system conditions. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide a tool for utilities to consider the demand response model into their market-clearing procedure.
As high penetration of distributed renewable energy resources are most likely applied to remote or stand-alone systems, planning such systems with uncertainties in both generation and demand sides is needed. As such, a three-level probabilistic sizing methodology is developed to obtain a practical sizing result for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. The first-level consists of three modules: 1) load demand, 2) renewable resources, and 3) system components, which comprise the fundamental elements of sizing the system. The second-level consists of various models, such as a Markov chain solar radiation model and a stochastic load simulator. The third-level combines reliability indices with an annualized cost of system to form a new objective function, which can simultaneously consider both system cost and reliability based on a chronological Monte Carlo simulation and particle swamp optimization approach. The simulation results are then tested and verified in a smart grid laboratory at the University of Hong Kong to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model.
In summary, this thesis has developed a comprehensive framework of demand response on variable end-use consumptions with stochastic generation from renewables while optimizing both reliability and cost. Smart grid technologies, such as renewables, microgrid, storage, load signature, and demand response, have been extensively studied and interactively modeled to provide more intelligent planning and management for the smart grid.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Electrical and Electronic Engineering<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Chaillout, J. J. "De la simulation .... .... à la récupération." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00614924.
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Le " Chapitre II : De la simulation...." résume ma connaissance des principales méthodes numériques utilisées en électromagnétisme. Suit ensuite le résumé de mes études les plus représentatives dans le domaine de la simulation numérique en électromagnétisme : une en statique, une en quasi-statique avec couplage faible et une en propagation d'ondes. Souvent seule la méthode appliquée à des cas test est présentée, car leurs niveaux de confidentialité empêchent d'en présenter les résultats quantifiés. Le " Chapitre III :.... À la récuperation " contient tout d'abord un état de l'art de la récupération d'énergie permettant de comparer les performances des différents couples sources/conversion. Pour cela, j'insiste particulièrement sur tous les facteurs à prendre en compte pour choisir le couple optimal dans un environnement donné. Ensuite, on y trouve le résumé des deux thèses et d'un DRT que j'ai co-encadrés dans le domaine. Le " Chapitre IV : perspectives " présente les évolutions de ma carrière scientifique dans les deux axes développés dans ce rapport. Pour les évolutions souhaitables des méthodes numériques de manière générale et plus particulièrement dans mon Département, j'en expose ma vision et comment je prévois d'y contribuer. Pour l'axe énergétique, je présente les travaux prévus afin de conforter nos succès récents ainsi que les collaborations en cours ou amorcées.
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Twining, Erika. "Voltage compensation in weak distribution networks using shunt connected voltage source converters." Monash University, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9701.
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Ramírez, Jiménez Guillermo. "Electric sustainability analysis for concrete 3D printing machine." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258928.
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Nowadays, manufacturing technologies become more and more aware of efficiency and sustainability. One of them is the so called 3D printing. While 3D printing is often linked to plastic, the truth is there are many other materials that are being tested which could have several improvements over plastics.One of these options is stone or concrete, which is more suitable the architecture and artistic fields. However, due to its nature, this new technology involves the use of new techniques when compared to the more commonly used 3D printers. This implies that it could interesting to know how much energy efficient these techniques are and how can they be improved in future revisions.This thesis is an attempt to disclose and analyze the different devices that make up one of these printers and with this information, build a model that accurately describes its behavior.For this purpose, the power is measured at many points and later it is analyzed and fitted to a predefined function. After the fitting has been done, an error is calculated to show how accurate the model is when compared to the original data.It was found that many of these devices produce power spikes due to its nonlinear behavior. This behavior is usually related to switching, and can avoided with different devices.Finally, some advice is given focused on future research and revisions, which could be helpful for safety, efficiency and quality.<br>Numera blir tillverkningstekniken alltmer medveten om effektivitet och hållbarhet. En av dem är den så kallade 3Dutskriften. Medan 3Dutskrift ofta är kopplad till plast, är verkligheten att det finns många andra material som testas, vilket kan ha flera förbättringar över plast.Ett av dessa alternativ är sten eller betong, vilket är mer lämpligt inom arkitektur och konstnärliga fält. På grund av sin natur inbegriper denna nya teknik användningen av nya tekniker jämfört med de vanligare 3Dskrivarna. Detta innebär att det kan vara intressant att veta hur mycket mer energieffektiva dessa tekniker är och hur de kan förbättras i framtida revisioner.Denna avhandling är ett försök att studera och analysera de olika enheter som utgör en av dessa skrivare och med denna information, bygga en modell som exakt beskriver dess beteende.För detta ändamål mäts effekten på många punkter och senare analyseras och anpassas den till en fördefinierad funktion. Efter anpassning har gjorts beräknas felet för att visa hur exakt modellen är jämfört med originaldata.Det visade sig att många av dessa enheter producerar spänningsspikar på grund av dess olinjära beteende. Detta beteende är vanligtvis relaterat till omkoppling och kan undvikas med olika enheter.Slutligen ges några råd om framtida forskning och revideringar, vilket kan vara till hjälp för säkerhet, effektivitet och kvalitet.
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French, Kimberley. "Energy Consumption of In-Vehicle Communication in Electric Vehicles : A comparison between CAN, Ethernet and EEE." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158278.
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As a step towards decreasing the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the transport sector, electrical vehicles (EVs) have become more and more popular. Two major problem areas the EV industry is currently facing are range limitations, i.e. being restricted by the capacity of the battery, as well as a demand for higher bandwidth as the in-vehicle communication increases. In this thesis, an attempt is made to address these problem areas by examining the energy consumption required by Controller Area Network (CAN) and Ethernet. In addition, the effects of Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) are reviewed. The protocols are examined by performing a theoretical analysis over CAN, Ethernet and EEE, physical tests over CAN and Ethernet, as well as simulations of EEE. The results show that Ethernet requires 2.5 to four times more energy than CAN in theory, and 4.5 to six times more based on physical measurements. The energy consumption of EEE depends on usage, ranging from energy levels of 40 \% less than CAN when idle, and up to equal amounts as regular Ethernet at high utilisation. By taking full advantage of the traits of Time-Sensitive Networking, EEE has the potential of significantly decreasing the amount of energy consumed compared to standard Ethernet while still providing a much higher bandwidth than CAN, at the cost of introducing short delays. This thesis provides insight into the behaviour of a transmitter for each of the three protocols, discusses the energy implications of replacing CAN with Ethernet and highlights the importance of understanding how to use Ethernet and EEE efficiently.
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Lalgudi, Subramanian N. "Transient simulation of power-supply noise in irregular on-chip power distribution networks using latency insertion method, and causal transient simulation of interconnects characterized by band-limited data and terminated by arbitrary terminations." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22561.
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Luwaca, Emmanuel. "Virtualization of a sensor node to enable the simulation of IEC 61850-based sampled value messages." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1179.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014<br>The IEC 61850 standard, “Communication networks and systems in substations” was
promulgated to accommodate the need for a common communication platform within
substations for devices from different vendors. The IEC 61850 standard proposes a
substation automation architecture that is Ethernet-based, with a “station-bus” for
protection devices within the substation and a “process bus” where raw data from the
voltage and current transformers are published onto the data network using a device
known as a Merging Unit.
To date, most of the standardization efforts were focused at the station bus level
where event-triggered messages are exchanged between the substation automation
devices, commonly referred to as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). These
messages are known as Generic Object Oriented Substation Event messages.
Equipment from vendors to accommodate the “process bus” paradigm, however is
still limited at present.
The Centre for Substation Automation and Energy Management Systems was
established within the Electrical Engineering Department at the Cape Peninsula
University of Technology with one of its objectives being the development of
equipment either for simulation or real-time purposes in compliance with the IEC
61850 standard. In order to fulfil this long-term objective of the Centre, an in-depth
understanding of the IEC 61850 standard is required.
This document details the efforts at acquiring the requisite knowledge base in support
of the educational objectives of the Centre and the research project implements a
simulation of a merging unit which is compliant with the functional behavior as
stipulated by the standard. This limited functional implementation (i.e. non-real-time)
of the merging unit, is achieved through the development of a virtualized data
acquisition node capable of synthetic generation of waveforms, encoding of the data
and publishing the data in a format compliant with the IEC 61850-9-2 sampled value
message structure.
This functional behavior of the virtual sensor node which was implemented has been
validated against the behavior of a commercial device and the sampled value
message structure is validated against the standard. The temporal behavior of the
proposed device is commented upon. This research project forms the basis for future
real-time implementation of a merging unit.
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Elsmore, Chris. "Neighbourhood Watch : social resource monitoring." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678659.
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Rader, Jordan D. "Loss of normal feedwater ATWS for Vogtle Electric Generating Plant using RETRAN-02." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31741.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Nuclear Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.<br>Committee Chair: Abdel-Khalik, Said I.; Committee Member: Ghiaasiaan, S. Mostafa; Committee Member: Hertel, Nolan E. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Barlow, Jeffrey L. "Characterizing Dynamic Power and Data Rate Policies for WirelessUSB Networks." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1479.pdf.
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Toscano, Andre Emilio. "Comparação entre os modelos NEWAVE e ODIN no planejamento energetico do Sistema Interligado Nacional." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259870.
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Orientador: Secundino Soares Filho<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T19:42:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: Os modelos de planejamento energético aplicados ao Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN) devem fornecer um despacho de geração hidrotérmica que atenda ao mercado de energia elétrica brasileiro de forma a assegurar o atendimento das demandas e a minimizar os custos operativos. Devido às características hidrelétricas predominantes no sistema brasileiro, o planejamento visa determinar o despacho hidrelétrico otimizado que minimiza a complementação termelétrica necessária ao atendimento das demandas de energia elétrica do SIN. O modelo de planejamento energético de longo prazo em vigor no sistema elétrico brasileiro é o NEWAVE, um modelo estocástico que representa o sistema através de subsistemas equivalentes de energia e que tem sua solução desagregada a usinas individualizadas por outros modelos, como o DECOMP ou SUISHI-O. O modelo ODIN é a metodologia de planejamento energético desenvolvida na UNICAMP, que trata a estocasticidade das vazões afluentes de forma indireta, por meio de um previsor de vazões e de um otimizador a usinas individualizadas, e que a cada intervalo de planejamento fornece as decisões de despacho hidrotérmico por usina considerando as vazões previstas e a otimização da geração hidráulica do sistema. Este trabalho apresenta a comparação de desempenho entre os modelos de planejamento energético NEWAVE e ODIN na obtenção do despacho hidrotérmico otimizado para o SIN<br>Abstract: The optimization models applied to hydrothermal scheduling on the Brazilian National Interconnected System (SIN) shall provide the order of hydrothermal generation that meets the Brazilian market of electric energy in a way that the demands of power are attended and the operating costs, minimized. Due to the hydroelectric predominant feature in the Brazilian system, the planning aim to determine the optimal hydroelectric generation that minimizes the thermoelectric supplementation necessary to attend the power demands of Brazilian SIN. The long-term hydrothermal scheduling plan model operating nowadays in the Brazilian electrical system is the NEWAVE, a stochastic model that represents the system by equivalent subsystems of energy, through composite reservoirs, and has its solution decompounded of individualized plants by other models, like the DECOMP and SUISHI-O. The ODIN model is the energy planning methodology developed at UNICAMP that treats indirectly the stochasticity of affluent flows. This is done by means of an inflow predictor and an optimizer for individual plants, thats provide the planning decisions at each interval to order the hydrothermal scheduling considering the provided flow generation for each plant and the optimization of the hydraulic generation of the system. This work presents a comparison of performance between the models of hydrothermal scheduling NEWAVE and ODIN, in their obtainment of optimized hydrothermal scheduling for the Brazilian SIN<br>Mestrado<br>Energia Eletrica<br>Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Gougeon, Ludivine. "Comparaison de schémas numériques pour la simulation d'écoulements turbulents réactifs." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00282242.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement et la comparaison d'outils numériques pour la simulation d'écoulements compressibles réactifs turbulents. Les objectifs de cette étude sont doubles : il s'agit d'une part de tester l'approche de la Simulation des Grandes Échelles Implicite (MILES) et d'autre part de doter le laboratoire d'une plate-forme de simulation numérique performante, évolutive, robuste et précise. Pour cela, deux programmes d'approches et de portées différentes ont été élaborés.<br />Le premier code, basé sur des schémas aux différences finies compactes centrées d'ordre 6, très précis et non dissipatifs, permet la simulation numérique directe (DNS) d'écoulements 3D turbulents sans chocs, en géométrie cartésienne. Ce code n'introduit pas de dissipation numérique et sert de référence pour tester l'approche MILES.<br />Le second code s'appuie sur l'utilisation de méthodes récentes à capture de chocs : les schémas WENO. La formulation aux différences finies des schémas WENO d'ordre 3 à 11 est implémentée dans un code bidimensionnel. Le pouvoir de résolution des schémas WENO des différents ordres est évalué par analyse linéaire. Les problèmes spécifiques au cas multi-espèces sont mis en évidence et la positivité des fractions massiques est respectée grâce à la méthode de Larrouturou. Les différentes reconstructions ainsi que l'ordre du schéma sont évalués sur une série de cas test.<br />Les deux codes font l'objet d'une comparaison sur la simulation d'une flamme 1D laminaire de prémélange et d'un jet 2D turbulent réactif H2/air. Enfin, les potentialités du schéma WENO sont démontrées sur une onde de détonation puis sur une interaction réactive onde de choc/bulle d'hydrogène.
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Yang, Fang. "A Comprehensive Approach for Bulk Power System Reliability Assessment." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14488.
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Abstract
The goal of this research is to advance the state of the art in bulk power system reliability assessment. Bulk power system reliability assessment is an important procedure at both power system planning and operating stages to assure reliable and acceptable electricity service to customers. With the increase in the complexity of modern power systems and advances in the power industry toward restructuring, the system models and algorithms of traditional reliability assessment techniques are becoming obsolete as they suffer from nonrealistic system models and slow convergence (even non-convergence) when multi-level contingencies are considered and the system is overstressed. To allow more rigor in system modeling and higher computational efficiency in reliability evaluation procedures, this research proposes an analytically-based security-constrained adequacy evaluation (SCAE) methodology that performs bulk power system reliability assessment.
The SCAE methodology adopts a single-phase quadratized power flow (SPQPF) model as a basis and encompasses three main steps: (1) critical contingency selection, (2) effects analysis, and (3) reliability index computations. In the critical contingency selection, an improved contingency selection method is developed using a wind-chime contingency enumeration scheme and a performance index approach based on the system state linearization technique, which can rank critical contingencies with high accuracy and efficiency. In the effects analysis for selected critical contingencies, a non-divergent optimal quadratized power flow (NDOQPF) algorithm is developed to (1) incorporate major system operating practices, security constraints, and remedial actions in a constrained optimization problem and (2) guarantee convergence and provide a solution under all conditions. This algorithm is also capable of efficiently solving the ISO/RTO operational mode in deregulated power systems. Based on the results of the effects analysis, reliability indices that provide a quantitative indication of the system reliability level are computed. In addition, this research extends the proposed SCAE framework to include the effects of protection system hidden failures on bulk power system reliability.
The overall SCAE methodology is implemented and applied to IEEE reliability test systems, and evaluation results demonstrate the expected features of proposed advanced techniques. Finally, the contributions of this research are summarized and recommendations for future research are proposed.
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Derakhshanian, Mahin. "Simulations numériques des vibrations induites par effet de couronne sur un court conducteur soumis à une pluie artificielle /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2001. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Nigrini, Lucas Bernardo. "Developing a neural network model to predict the electrical load demand in the Mangaung municipal area." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/176.
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Thesis (D. Tech. (Engineering: Electric)) -- Central University of technology, 2012<br>Because power generation relies heavily on electricity demand, consumers are required to wisely manage their loads to consolidate the power utility‟s optimal power generation efforts. Consequently, accurate and reliable electric load forecasting systems are required.
Prior to the present situation, there were various forecasting models developed primarily for electric load forecasting. Modelling short term load forecasting using artificial neural networks has recently been proposed by researchers.
This project developed a model for short term load forecasting using a neural network. The concept was tested by evaluating the forecasting potential of the basic feedforward and the cascade forward neural network models.
The test results showed that the cascade forward model is more efficient for this forecasting investigation. The final model is intended to be a basis for a real forecasting application. The neural model was tested using actual load data of the Bloemfontein reticulation network to predict its load for half an hour in advance.
The cascade forward network demonstrates a mean absolute percentage error of less than 5% when tested using four years of utility data. In addition to reporting the summary statistics of the mean absolute percentage error, an alternate method using correlation coefficients for presenting load forecasting performance results are shown.
This research proposes that a 6:1:1 cascade forward neural network can be trained with data from a month of a year and forecast the load for the same month of the following year. This research presents a new time series modeling for short term load forecasting, which can model the forecast of the half-hourly loads of weekdays, as well as of weekends and public holidays. Obtained results from extensive testing on the Bloemfontein power system network confirm the validity of the developed forecasting approach. This model can be implemented for on-line testing application to adopt a final view of its usefulness.
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Maciel, Savio Alencar. "Controlador de demanda e emulador do consumidor residencial para manutenção do conforto do usuário em Smart Grids." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1089.
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Neste trabalho é apresentada uma abordagem de controle de demanda para consumidores residenciais de baixa tensão, visando melhoria da eficiência energética em Smart Grids. Inicialmente, um emulador de cargas elétricas residenciais é modelado com base na literatura. O emulador é composto pelo modelo de um reservatório de aquecimento de água (boiler), o modelo de um aparelho de ar condicionado e também modelos de consumo de iluminação, televisores e uma geladeira. Utilizando o software Matlab foi realizada a implementação e simulação do emulador. Os principais algoritmos de controle de demanda são investigados, a fim de verificar o seu desempenho quando aplicados ao conjunto de cargas residenciais. Esses algoritmos normalmente realizam o controle de demanda a partir de um sistema de prioridades. Ainda, a partir dessa analise demostra-se que estes algoritmos consideram níveis de conforto do usuário, porém não permitem o acionamento de duas ou mais cargas em um mesmo período caso a demanda da residência ultrapasse um limite predeterminado. Portanto, propõem-se um algoritmo de controle de demanda adaptativo que utiliza o método de busca Rosenbrock, com o objetivo de sobrepujar tais limitações. O procedimento proposto realiza a operação das cargas residenciais de forma gradual considerando níveis de prioridade e parâmetros de conforto dos usuários. Demonstra-se através de simulações e experimentos que através do método proposto é possível realizar a ativação de diversas cargas concorrentemente, desde que respeitados os níveis de conforto e de demanda. Para obtenção dos resultados experimentais o controlador de demanda foi implementado em um sistema embarcado e testado com o emulador de cargas elétricas residenciais implementado em uma arquitetura HIL (Hardware-in-the-loop). Analisando os resultados, observou-se que o consumo de energia foi o mesmo para todos os cenários simulados sendo que a demanda se manteve abaixo dos limites parametrizados. Porém com o limitador de demanda ativo, se obteve uma redução de até 52% no tempo de aquecimento da água utilizando o controlador de demanda adaptativo, dessa forma o desconforto dos usuários pode ser minimizado.<br>This work presents an approach to control demand for residential low voltage consumers, aiming to improve energy efficiency in Smart Grids. Initially, an emulator of residential electric loads is modeled based on the literature. The emulator consists of a reservoir for water heating model, the model of an air conditioner and also models of consumption for lighting, televisions and a refrigerator. The implementation and simulation were performed using software Matlab. The demand control algorithms are investigated in order to verify its performance when applied to the set of residential loads. These algorithms typically perform control demand from a system of priorities. Still, from this analysis it demonstrates that these algorithms consider levels of user comfort, but do not allow the drive of two or more loads in the same period of residence if the demand exceeds the limit. Therefore, we propose a control algorithm that uses Rosenbrock search of demand adaptive method, aiming to overcome these limitations. The proposed procedure performs the operation of residential loads gradually considering priority levels and parameters of comfort of users. It is shown through simulations and experiments using the proposed method can perform the activation of several concurrently loads, provided they comply with the limits of comfort and demand. To obtain the experimental results demand the controller was implemented in an embedded system and tested with the emulator residential electrical loads implemented in a HIL (Hardware-in-theloop) architecture. Analyzing the results, it was observed that the power consumption is the same for all scenarios simulated and demand remained below parametric limits. But with the demand limiter active, we obtained a reduction of up to 52% in heat water using the demand controller adaptive, so the discomfort of the users can be minimized.
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Hara, Elon Cris Penteado. "Infraestrutura de aquisição de dados por redes de sensores sem fios e barramentos para monitoramento do consumo de energia elétrica." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/838.
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CAPES<br>Um sistema monitor de consumo de energia elétrica para setores internos de unidades consumidoras foi desenvolvido para um projeto de P&D (Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento) ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica). O sistema utiliza Redes de Sensores sem Fios (RSSF) alocadas em pontos estratégicos da rede de energia elétrica e conectadas por radioenlace a um banco de dados remoto. Os sensores fornecem dados que são registrados e posteriormente acessados por um aplicativo que apresenta informativos ao usuários por meio de alertas, relatórios e interfaces gráficas. As RSSF são empregadas em sistemas de aquisição de sinais de múltiplos sensores dispersos em grandes áreas, em redes escalonáveis quanto ao número de dispositivos e flexíveis quanto a topologias, que podem ser formadas automaticamente em função das melhores rotas ou das rotas disponíveis em um dado momento. As RSSF também têm sido úteis em sistemas relacionados ao conceito da Smart Grid, oferecendo uma ferramenta “inteligente”, que permite integrar informações colhidas a partir de cargas elétricas nas unidades consumidoras ao sistema de geração e distribuição de energia, com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho do sistema nos picos de demanda. Apesar da disponibilidade tecnológicas, dispositivos comerciais ainda são escassos no mercado, resultando em custos finais elevados para sistemas de monitoramento de consumo. Assim, para preencher esta lacuna foi desenvolvida uma configuração de infraestrutura de baixo custo, com módulos sensores interligados por barramentos I2C com uma memória compartilhada, formando um cluster que é ligado em RSSF capaz de formar redes em malha por meio do protocolo Miwi P2P (Peer to Peer). Como múltiplos sensores ocupam uma única antena para enviar dados, os custos são minimizados. Outro diferencial do método é dar acesso a sensores concentrados dentro de armários e gabinetes metálicos, que de outra forma não poderiam ser conectados em uma RSSF.<br>An electric power consumption monitoring system for indoor sectors of costumers was developed to an ANEELR&D project. The system uses wireless sensor networks (WSN) placed at strategic points of the power grid and connected by radio link to a remote database. The sensor provide data, that are recorded and later accessed by a software presenting information to end users through alerts, reports and graphical interfaces. The WSN systems are used to acquire signals from multiple sensors scattered over large areas, with number of devices scalable in networks and flexible topologies, which can be formed automatically choosing the best routes or available routes. The WSNs have been useful in systems related with smart grid, offering a "smart" tool that allows collect information from electric loads in consumer units to the system of generation and distribution of energy, with the aim of improving system performance at peak demand by an electric utility. Despite the availability of technological, commercial devices are still scarce in the Brazilian market, resulting in high costs for final consumption monitoring systems. Therefore, to fill a gap a new configuration was developed presenting an infrastructure affordably with sensor modules connected by I2C bus with a shared memory forming clusters that are connected in WSN but can work in mesh networks through miwi P2P (Peer to Peer) protocol. With multiple sensors sharing a single antenna to send data, costs are reduced. Another exclusive feature of this method is to give access to sensors inside of cabinets and enclosures, which otherwise would not connected to a WSN.
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Kuk, Josiel Neumann. "Um sistema imune fuzzy cultural aplicado ao problema de despacho econômico de energia elétrica." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2009. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1335.
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CAPES<br>Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a proposição de um sistema híbrido baseado em Computação Natural que seja capaz de solucionar, de forma eficiente, diferentes instâncias do problema de Despacho Econômico de Energia Elétrica com efeito de ponto de válvula. Para isso está sendo proposta uma abordagem baseada em um Algoritmo Cultural, o qual tem como espaço populacional um Algoritmo Imunológico Artificial. No espaço de crenças são utilizados quatro tipos de conhecimentos: situacional, normativo, topográfico e histórico. Nos protocolos de comunicação, a função de aceitação e dinâmica e a função de influência e baseada em um Sistema de Inferência Fuzzy, o qual define o possível percentual de aplicação de cada um dos conhecimentos. Para avaliar o paradigma proposto são utilizadas três instâncias do problema do Despacho Econômico de Energia Elétrica. Os resultados mostram que a introdução de um Sistema de Inferência Fuzzy, auxiliando a decisão do tipo de conhecimento a ser aplicado, pode trazer benefícios nos resultados. Na comparação com os resultados reportados na literatura, observa-se que a abordagem, apesar de não ter seus parâmetros otimizados para cada caso, e competitiva com os algoritmos do estado-da-arte.<br>The main objective of this work is the proposal of a hybrid system based on Natural Computing approaches, which is capable of efficiently solving different instances of the Economic Load Dispatch problem of electrical energy with valve-point effect. For this purpose it is developed a new approach based on Cultural Algorithm, which has as its population space an Artificial Immune System. In the belief space, we use four knowledge types: situational, normative, topographical and historical. In the communication protocols, the acceptance function is dynamic and the principal influence function is based on a Fuzzy Inference System which defines the probable percentage of application of each knowledge type. Three instances of the Economic Load Dispatch with Non-smooth Cost Functions problem are used to evaluate the proposed paradigm. The results show that the introduction of fuzzy systems to support the decision of which type of knowledge must be applied can bring benefits to the obtained results. Although its parameters were not optimized for each case of study, the proposed algorithm performed likewise the state-of-the-art algorithms.
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Volat, Christophe. "Modélisation physique et numérique par la méthode des éléments finis de frontière de la distribution du potentiel et du champ électrique le long d'un isolateur standard de poste 735 KV recouvert de glace /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Libéros, Véronique. "Etablissement automatique de schémas équivalents pour des dispositifs de puissance intégrés." Toulouse, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAT0035.
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Il s'agit d'un outil logiciel d'aide a la conception. En considerant les etapes technologiques de realisation de structure integrees, une liste des primitives physiques est dressee, ainsi que celle des primitives electriques associees permettant de decrire le fonctionnement electrique reel des dispositifs. Description du logiciel. Exemples choisis dont thyristor a gachette isolee et inverseur cmos
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Bodèle, Emmanuel. "Modélisation et simulation de l'atomisation secondaire et de la vaporisation turbulente : application à la combustion cryotechnique." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00283103.
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Ce travail se situant dans le cadre du Groupement de Recherche « Combustion dans les moteurs-fusées » unissant le CNES, le CNRS, l'ONÉRA et la SNECMA concerne l'étude de l'atomisation secondaire et de la vaporisation turbulente pour la combustion des brouillards. L'objectif principal de cette étude est de fournir des modèles fiables pour les codes de calcul, reproduisant fidèlement les processus élémentaires de la combustion cryogénique dans les moteurs-fusées.<br />Ces modèles sont issus d'études expérimentales précédentes du LCSR, ayant permis d'établir des bases de données.<br />Les calculs sont basés sur la simulation du banc d'essai MASCOTTE (Montage Autonome Simplifié pour la Cryocombustion dans l'Oxygène et Toutes Techniques Expérimentales) de l'ONERA. Les résultats montrent d'une part l'influence de l'atomisation sur la structure du brouillard et de la flamme. D'autre part, les simulations de la vaporisation turbulente mettent en évidence l'influence de la turbulence sur les propriétés des gouttes.
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França, André Luiz Pereira de. "Estudo, desenvolvimento e implementação de algoritmos de aprendizagem de máquina, em software e hardware, para detecção de intrusão de rede: uma análise de eficiência energética." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1166.
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CAPES; CNPq<br>O constante aumento na velocidade da rede, o número de ataques e a necessidade de eficiência energética estão fazendo com que a segurança de rede baseada em software chegue ao seu limite. Um tipo comum de ameaça são os ataques do tipo probing, nos quais um atacante procura vulnerabilidades a partir do envio de pacotes de sondagem a uma máquina-alvo. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo, o desenvolvimento e a implementação de um algoritmo de extração de características dos pacotes da rede em hardware e de três classificadores de aprendizagem de máquina (Árvore de Decisão, Naive Bayes e k-vizinhos mais próximos), em software e hardware, para a detecção de ataques do tipo probing. O trabalho apresenta, ainda resultados detalhados de acurácia de classificação, taxa de transferência e consumo de energia para cada implementação.<br>The increasing network speeds, number of attacks, and need for energy efficiency are pushing software-based network security to its limits. A common kind of threat is probing attacks, in which an attacker tries to find vulnerabilities by sending a series of probe packets to a target machine. This work presents the study, development, and implementation of a network packets feature extraction algorithm in hardware and three machine learning classifiers (Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and k-nearest neighbors), in software and hardware, for the detection of probing attacks. The work also presents detailed results of classification accuracy, throughput, and energy consumption for each implementation.
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Chen, Si. "Design of Energy Storage Controls Using Genetic Algorithms for Stochastic Problems." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/80.
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A successful power system in military applications (warship, aircraft, armored vehicle etc.) must operate acceptably under a wide range of conditions involving different loading configurations; it must maintain war fighting ability and recover quickly and stably after being damaged. The introduction of energy storage for the power system of an electric warship integrated engineering plant (IEP) may increase the availability and survivability of the electrical power under these conditions. Herein, the problem of energy storage control is addressed in terms of maximizing the average performance. A notional medium-voltage dc system is used as the system model in the study. A linear programming model is used to simulate the power system, and two sets of states, mission states and damage states, are formulated to simulate the stochastic scenarios with which the IEP may be confronted. A genetic algorithm is applied to the design of IEP to find optimized energy storage control parameters. By using this algorithm, the maximum average performance of power system is found.
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Dubos, Samuel. "SIMULATION DES GRANDES ECHELLES D'ECOULEMENTS TURBULENTS SUPERSONIQUES." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011588.
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Ces travaux, initiés par le CNES et la SNECMA, sont principalement consacrés à la simulation numérique d'écoulements turbulents supersoniques en présence d'interactions ondes de choc/couche limite. L'étude de ces écoulements, sièges de phénomènes complexes, se révèle être d'une importance particulière en vue du dimensionnement d'organes de propulsion de lanceurs spatiaux. Il a été choisi, dans ce travail, d'investir les aspects instationnaires au moyen de la simulation des grandes échelles turbulentes. Les contraintes liées au traitement numérique ont aboutit au développement d'un schéma numérique hybride, permettant de minimiser les effets de dissipation inhérents aux schémas dédiés à la capture de chocs. Le problème de la génération de conditions aux limites turbulentes réalistes est également abordé. Une technique due à Lund, fondée sur un principe de renormalisation et permettant à l'écoulement de générer lui-même ses conditions d'entrée, a été retenue. Les résultats des simulations se sont révélées être en très bon accord avec les mesures expérimentales ainsi qu'avec les DNS de référence. En particulier, l'existence de basses fréquences associées au mouvement du choc réfléchi a pu être constatée, en accord avec les observations expérimentales. De plus, la simulation a révélé la présence de fréquences similaires à l'intérieur du bulbe de recirculation, venant ainsi conforter l'hypothèse selon laquelle les instabilités du choc de décollement sont conditionnées par celles de la zone décollée.
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Blin, Laurent. "Modélisation statistique et simulation des grandes échelles des écoulements turbulents. Application aux inverseurs de poussée." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011645.
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Ce travail de thèse a été consacré au développement d'outils numériques pour aider à la compréhension, par simulation numérique, de l'aérodynamique d'un inverseur de poussée à portes (écoulement turbulent compressible). Dans cette étude, nous avons adopté deux approches complémentaires : résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes moyennées RANS (stationnaires) ou filtrées LES (instationnaires). Dans un premier temps, les divers phénomènes physiques présents dans un inverseur de poussée sont décomposés et étudiés séparément. On simule ainsi successivement :<br /> (1) un écoulement décollé (marche descendante - calcul RANS),<br /> (2) un écoulement cisaillé libre (couche de mélange plane - calculs RANS et LES), <br />(3) des écoulements présentant de fortes courbures des lignes de courant (conduite rectangulaire courbée (calcul RANS) et couche de mélange courbe - calculs RANS et LES). Ensuite, deux configurations simplifiées d'inverseurs de poussée à portes sont étudiées numériquement par simulations RANS et LES.