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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric power distribution Automation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Zhou, Xue Song, Zhao Hao Hou, and You Jie Ma. "Overview of Distribution Network Automation Technology." Advanced Materials Research 811 (September 2013): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.811.631.

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This paper proposes a general overview of distribution network automation technology. With the continuous development of society and economy, the distribution network automation has become the trend and developing direction of electric power system. As the end part of the electric power system, the distribution network is directly connected to the consumers and plays a vital role in improving the quality and reliability of power supply. In order to provide reference for improving the reliability of distribution network and to speed up the development of distribution network automation, this paper analyses the system structure, development status and trend of distribution network automation technology.

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2

Song, Hong, Xiao Hui Zeng, and Wei Peng Zhou. "The Software Design for an Automation Intelligent Distribution Terminal Unit in Electric Power Systems Based on C and Assembly Language." Advanced Materials Research 676 (March 2013): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.676.302.

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Electric power distribution systems play an important role in electric power systems, in which automation intelligent distribution terminal units are critical for the performance of power distribution systems. The software of an automation intelligent electric power distribution terminal unit based on digital signal processor is designed in the paper, a way of admixture programming with C language and assembly language. In this manner, real-time requirement on the electric power distribution system will be satisfied, the reliability and stability of the software are ensured as while. It has a broad application prospects in electric power systems.

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Zhou, Xue Song, Ya Fei Yuan, and You Jie Ma. "Overview of Distribution Automation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 552 (June 2014): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.552.183.

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A distribution system consists of all sorts of power distribution equipment, communication system and control equipment. It works according to certain rules to meet the demand of users by the high quality of electric energy . Distribution Automation (DA) can realize the automation of system operation and management to provide customers with stable, reliable electricity and obtain maximum benefits .This paper generally introduces the concept, function, developing future of Distribution Automation System. Distribution Automation includes feeder automation, automatic distribution management and user automation, and this paper introduces the basic situation and problems of them. Finally, it is concluded that Distribution Automation is the inevitable trend of Distribution System,and will be gradually developing in the direction of smart distribution grid.

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Oyetunji S.A., Oyetunji S. A. "Adaptability of Distribution Automation System to Electric Power Quality Monitoring In Nigeria Power Distribution Network." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 6, no. 1 (2013): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-0611421.

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Ma, You Jie, De Xiang Wang, and Xue Song Zhou. "The Current Research on Distribution Automation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.835.

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A distribution system consists of all sorts of power distribution equipment, communication system and control equipment. It works according to certain rules to meet the demand of users by the high quality of electric energy. Distribution Automation(DA) can realize the automation of system operation and management to provide customers with stable, reliable electricity and obtain maximum benefits .This paper generally introduces the concept, function, developing future of Distribution Automation System. Distribution Automation includes feeder automation, automatic distribution management and user automation, and this paper introduces the basic situation and problems of them. Finally, it is concluded that Distribution Automation is the inevitable trend of Distribution System，and will be gradually developing in the direction of smart distribution grid.

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6

Ran, Sheng Yi, and Yu Shu Xiong. "Research on Elimination of Electric Power System Fault Based on Electrical Engineering Automatic Control Technology." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.771.

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In this paper we introduce the computer software fault analysis system to the power fault detection system, and design power fault elimination system of electrical engineering automatic control, and do simulation and experimental study on the performance. When using the turbine blade of electric machinery to detect fault, we can get the automated troubleshooting displacement curve, and using computer simulation to get the electric mechanical stress distribution nephogram. To further verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, we test the frequencies for eight different units, and obtain eight different sets of five order fault diagnosis frequency, and draw the frequency spectrum distribution of frequency response. It provides the theory reference for the automation of power system fault exclusion.

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Zhang, Ai Rong, and Jin Lan Zhang. "The Building of Home Automation Electricity Distribution System Based on PLC." Advanced Materials Research 442 (January 2012): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.442.407.

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Home automation is a common area of interest the researchers and engineers work, of course, the consumer. Today, intelligent household system is commonly found in many homes in many countries around the world. This system not only provides a high level of control household appliances, also should try to reduce the waste electricity. Electric power communication (PLC) is a kind of common technology used in home automation system, household electric wire reuse for communication. But the current system puts forward the shortcomings of the need to improve. We introduced the design a new generation of intelligent household system that will give consumers with a huge characteristics and businessman. The main characteristics of the system are based on the Internet control, logging-facilities.

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8

Gupta, R. P., and S. C. Srivastava. "A Distribution Automation System Simulator for Training and Research." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 45, no. 4 (2008): 336–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.45.4.7.

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This paper presents the design and development of a scaled down physical model for power Distribution Automation (DA) system simulation. The developed DA system simulator is useful in providing hands-on experience to utility engineers/managers to familiarise themselves with the DA system and gain confidence in managing the power distribution system from the computer aided distribution control centre. The distribution automation system simulator can be effectively used to carry out further research work in this area. This also helps undergraduate and graduate students to understand power distribution automation technology in the laboratory environment.

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9

Kato, S., T. Naito, H. Kohno, H. Kanawa, and T. Shoji. "Computer-Based Distribution Automation." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 1, no. 1 (1986): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.1986.4307918.

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10

Kuzmina, I. A. "Feasibility Assessment of Urban Electricity Distribution Networks Transition to the Voltage Level of 20 kV." Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, no. 12 (January 4, 2018): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/1217.0001358.

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The article gives a feasibility assessment for increasing a voltage level of the urban electricity distribution networks from 6 and 10 kV to 20 kV.The emphasis is on the urban electricity distribution network in Moscow. It is noted that by now the reliability, efficiency and automation indicators of Moscow electrical grids are substantially lower than those of Europe, America, etc. The electrical grids in Moscow have a high wear and tear of equipment, a historically developed non-optimal structure, and a high loading level. In recent years, the situation has been significantly improved due to numerous government programs for the development of the electric power industry.It was noted that the high rate of development in Moscow resulted in a significantly increasing density of power loads. So modernisation of grids is a necessary-and-proper step to deliver electric power of good quality and in appropriate volume to all consumers. As the most promising option of such modernisation, the article’s proposal is to increase a voltage level of the electrical grid of medium voltage from 6 and 10 kV to 20 kV.The main advantages of the electrical grid transition to the higher voltage level is an increased power grid capacity and reduced losses of voltage and electric power when transmitting through the electrical grid elements. The article presents some calculations to prove decreasing several times losses in medium voltage cable lines. The shortcoming of the transition to an electrical grid of 20 / 0.4 kV is significant implementation costs, most of which will lead to increasing tariff for consumers.The experience of other countries examined in the article proves that increasing voltage level of the distribution network in Moscow and other megacities is expedient. At the same time, a gradual introduction of 20 / 0.4 kV substations to the electrical grid structure with a gradual unloading and elimination of 10 kV electrical grid elements is expected. The article appeals to successful experience available in the transition of large industrial enterprises to a voltage level of 20 / 0.4 kV.

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Qu, Yi, Jun Yong Liu, Yue Xiang, and Zhen Bo Wei. "Technology Development and New Issues of Distribution Automation in Smart Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 1331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.1331.

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Distribution automation development and research on system devices have been introduced in this paper. In terms of new issues appearing in distribution automation, such as distributed generation, electrical vehicles station, microgrid, electrical interaction, etc., applications and development prospects have been concluded, as well as the research on new power electronics technology, information technology, interactive strategy, etc. in smart grid.

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12

Muttaqi, Kashem M., Jamshid Aghaei, Velappa Ganapathy, and Ali Esmaeel Nezhad. "Technical challenges for electric power industries with implementation of distribution system automation in smart grids." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 46 (June 2015): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.013.

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13

Filimonov, A. G., N. D. Chichirova, A. A. Chichirov, and A. A. Filimonovа. "Implementaon of digital economy elements in electric power industry." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 11, no. 2 (2018): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-2-94-102.

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Energy generation, along with other sectors of Russia’s economy, is on the cusp of the era of digital transformation. Modern IT solutions ensure the transition of industrial enterprises from automation and computerization, which used to be the targets of the second half of the last century, to digital enterprise concept 4.0. The international record of technological and structural solutions in digitization may be used in Russia’s energy sector to the full extent. Specifics of implementation of such systems in different countries are only determined by the level of economic development of each particular state and the attitude of public authorities as related to the necessity of creating conditions for implementation of the same. It is shown that a strong legislative framework is created in Russia for transition to the digital economy, with research and applied developments available that are up to the international level. The following digital economy elements may be used today at enterprises for production of electrical and thermal energy: — dealing with large amounts of data (including operations exercised via cloud services and distributed data bases); — development of small scale distributed generation and its dispatching; — implementation of smart elements in both electric power and heat supply networks; — development of production process automation systems, remote monitoring and predictive analytics; 3D-modeling of parts and elements; real time mathematic simulation with feedback in the form of control actions; — creating centres for analytical processing of statistic data and accounting in financial and economic activities with business analytics functions, with expansion of communication networks and computing capacities. Examples are presented for implementation of smart systems in energy production and distribution. It is stated in the paper that state-of art information technologies are currently being implemented in Russia, new unique digital transformation projects are being launched in major energy companies. Yet, what is required is large-scale and thorough digitization and controllable energy production system as a multi-factor business process will provide the optimum combination of efficient economic activities, reliability and safety of power supply.

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14

Wan, Fei, Pratik Madhika, Justin Chwa, Mohammad Mozumdar, and Alireza Ameri. "Automatic Optimal Synthesis of Aircraft Electric Power Distribution System." International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems 9, no. 3 (2020): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ijcds/090303.

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15

Schaffer, G. "Distribution system control and automation." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 16, no. 3 (1994): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-0615(94)90010-8.

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16

Lin, Whei-Min, and Mo-Shing Chen. "An overall distribution automation structure." Electric Power Systems Research 10, no. 1 (1986): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(86)90044-1.

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17

Ghiani, Emilio, Alessandro Serpi, Virginia Pilloni, et al. "A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Development of Smart Distribution Networks." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102530.

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Electric power systems are experiencing relevant changes involving the growing penetration of distributed generation and energy storage systems, the introduction of electric vehicles, the management of responsive loads, the proposals for new energy markets and so on. Such an evolution is pushing a paradigm shift that is one of the most important challenges in power network design: the management must move from traditional planning and manual intervention to full “smartization” of medium and low voltage networks. Peculiarities and criticalities of future power distribution networks originate from the complexity of the system which includes both the physical aspects of electric networks and the cyber aspects, like data elaboration, feature extraction, communication, supervision and control; only fully integrated advanced monitoring systems can foster this transition towards network automation. The design and development of such future networks require distinct kinds of expertise in the industrial and information engineering fields. In this context, this paper provides a comprehensive review of current challenges and multidisciplinary interactions in the development of smart distribution networks. The aim of this paper is to discuss, in an integrated and organized manner, the state of the art while focusing on the need for interaction between different disciplines and highlighting how innovative and future-proof outcomes of both research and practice can only emerge from a coordinated design of all the layers in the smart distribution network architecture.

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18

Guarderas, Galo, Airan Frances, Dionisio Ramirez, Rafael Asensi, and Javier Uceda. "Blackbox Large-Signal Modeling of Grid-Connected DC-AC Electronic Power Converters." Energies 12, no. 6 (2019): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12060989.

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Modern electric power distribution systems are progressively integrating electronic power converters. However, the design of electronic-power-converter-based systems is not a straightforward task, as the interactions among the different converters can lead to dynamic degradation or instabilities. In addition, electric power distribution systems are expected to consist of commercial-off-the-shelf converters, which implies limited information about the dynamic behavior of the devices. Large-signal blackbox modeling approaches have been proposed in order to obtain accurate dynamic models of commercial converters that can be used for system-level analyses. However, most of the works are focused on DC-DC converters. In this work, a large-signal blackbox model is proposed to model grid-connected three-phase DC-AC converters. An experimental setup has been used to demonstrate the limitations of small-signal models and the capability of the proposed modeling approach to capture the dynamic behavior of the converter when large perturbations are applied. Finally, the automation of the model identification process is discussed.

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19

Kutin, V. M., M. V. Nikitchuk, V. M. Svitko, and O. O. Shpachuk. "AUTOMATION OF THE HEAT STATE ANALYSIS PROCESS HIGH-VOLTAGE CURRENT TRANSFORMERS." METHODS AND DEVICES OF QUALITY CONTROL, no. 2(43) (December 24, 2019): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9981-2019-2(43)-96-110.

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Thermographic control of electrical equipment allows you to draw preliminary conclusions about the technical condition of insulation, contact joints, windings, structural elements and cooling systems of electrical equipment of voltage classes 0.4 ÷ 750 kV. However, it should be borne in mind that the results of temperature measurement and assessment of the thermal state of electrical equipment are influenced by such factors as: environmental conditions, qualifications of personnel performing thermographic control and data interpretation, the need to improve regulatory documents for assessing the thermal state of electrical equipment and develop unified algorithms analysis of the results of thermographic examinations and gradation of the development of defects in electrical equipment. Modern research in the field of thermographic control of electrical equipment is developing in several directions, namely: the use of automated (stationary or mobile) systems for collecting thermographic data; development of algorithms for processing thermal images that reduce the influence of extraneous noise on the values of the measured temperatures, select the image of the object being examined, select the optimal level of contrast of the thermal image to detect thermal anomalies; using statistical processing of thermal fields of thermal monitoring objects and making decisions about the thermal state of equipment using neural networks, machine learning and expert knowledge. Automation of the analysis of thermographic control data is an urgent scientific and practical task, the solution of which will improve the quality of maintenance, repairs, extension of the operating life and operational management of electrical equipment in conditions of a significant level of aging of the main production assets of electric companies and change of generations of staff. Measuring current transformers of voltage classes 330 ÷ 750 kV are critical elements in the distribution schemes of electric power and in electric networks, and their technical condition directly affects the reliability of electric networks and power supply to consumers. The paper considers the reasons for the development of defects in current transformers of voltage classes 330 ÷ 750 kV, and also proposes relationships to take into account the influence of the air flow rate and the actual value of the emissivity of the structural element of the current transformers, as well as elements of the algorithms for analyzing data from thermal imaging surveys to reduce the influence of environmental factors and qualification level of the personnel performing the analysis, diagnostic results.

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20

Byars, Malcolm. "Distribution Automation at Palm Springs." Power Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (1993): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19930024.

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21

Chandekar, Roshani. "Automation Supply Control of Substation during Disaster." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 2444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34819.

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Green and sustainable power is the need of the day. With widening supply and demand gap, power management has become one of the most critical areas of concern all over the world. India’s energy consumption is increasing at one of the fastest rates in the world. Hence, we require Substation Automation Systems in the present day substations to efficiently control and deliver power. The main objective is to create a SCADA system for the desired substation. Power automation serving electric supply locations often require special protection against the effects of fault-produced. Protection relays need to function immediately when a faulty condition occurs. This is why Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED’s) are brought in for safe operation of switchyard devices, which can prevent disasters to energy supply and help in human safety. With the introduction of IEC 61850, utility communication will be used for substation automation and also for protection purposes within a substation and between substations. A Substation Automation System (SAS) provides facility to control and monitor all the equipment in the substation locally as well as remotely. A Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA) system provides users with a Human Machine Interface (HMI) which can be used for controlling, monitoring and protection of devices. This saves us cost and time.Substations are key components of the power grid, facilitating the efficient transmission and distribution of electricity Substation automation systems make their control and monitoring possible in real time and help maximize availability, efficiency, reliability, safety and data integration.

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22

Prasad, P. Surya, and B. Prabhakara Rao. "Review of Machine Vision Based Insulator Inspection Systems for Overhead Power Distribution System." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 6, no. 4 (2017): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v6.i4.pp303-312.

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The necessity to have reliable and quality power distribution is increasing, and hence there is great scope for research on automation of distribution system. There are signs of increased research in the work on condition monitoring of insulators during the last few decades. The possible failures can be predicted before they actually occur by using the condition monitoring of cables or any electrical equipment on-line. Those assets such as towers, conductors and insulators which are on the threshold of failure have to be replaced or repaired, so that forced outages reduce. Traditionally the workers who inspect these lines check them in close proximity by going for foot-patrolling and pole-climbing. With an incredible expansion of power distribution network even to remote areas, previously mentioned methods do not seem to be viable. In developed countries aerial patrolling has been adopted to monitor the insulators as an alternative. The development of an efficient method of condition monitoring by using image processing followed by machine learning techniques is found to be a suitable method and thus emerging as a feasible option for real-time implementation. This review paper covers overall aspects of automatic detection of defects of insulator systems of electric power lines and classification into different classes by using vision-based techniques.

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23

Smallwood, Cameron, and Jared Wennermark. "Benefits of distribution automation." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 16, no. 1 (2010): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2009.934970.

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24

Heidari, Saeed, Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad, and Matti Lehtonen. "Planning to Equip the Power Distribution Networks with Automation System." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 32, no. 5 (2017): 3451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2017.2650210.

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25

Salim, R. H., K. de Oliveira, A. D. Filomena, M. Resener, and A. S. Bretas. "Hybrid Fault Diagnosis Scheme Implementation for Power Distribution Systems Automation." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23, no. 4 (2008): 1846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2008.917919.

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26

Teng, Jen-Hao, and Chan-Nan Lu. "Value-based distribution feeder automation planning." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 28, no. 3 (2006): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2005.11.008.

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27

Mbembati, Hadija, Kwame Ibwe, and Baraka Maiseli. "Maintenance Automation Architecture and Electrical Equipment Fault Prediction Method in Tanzania Secondary Distribution Networks." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 3 (2021): 1138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i3.23.

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Distribution networks remain the most maintenance-intensive parts of power systems. The implementation of maintenance automation and prediction of equipment fault can enhance system reliability while reducing the overall costs. In Tanzania, however, maintenance automation has not been deployed in secondary distribution networks (SDNs). Instead, traditional methods are used for condition prediction and fault identification of power assets (transformers and power lines). These (manual) methods are costly and time-consuming, and may introduce human-related errors. Motivated by these challenges, this work introduces maintenance automation into the network architecture by implementing effective maintenance and fault identification methods. The proposed method adopts machine learning techniques to develop a novel system architecture for maintenance automation in the SDN. Experimental results showed that different transformer prediction methods, namely support vector machine, kernel support vector machine, and multi-layer artificial neural network, give performance values of 96.72%, 97.50%, and 97.53%, respectively. Furthermore, oil based performance analysis was done to compare the existing methods with the proposed method. Simulation results showed that the proposed method can accurately identify up to ten transformer abnormalities. These results suggest that the proposed system may be integrated into a maintenance scheduling platform to reduce unplanned maintenance outages and human maintenance-related errors. Keywords: Predictive maintenance; fault identification; fault prediction; maintenance automation; secondary electrical distribution network

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28

Ilyushin, Pavel, and Sergey Filippov. "Development of technical requirements for generating units of distributed energy resources in the conditions of electric power systems transformation." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601002.

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The paper describes the prospects for commissioning distributed energy resources (DER) in Russia and considers the historical features, as well as the consequences of structural, qualitative, and quantitative changes in Russia’s UES. The main short and long-term transformational changes, as well as current and future challenges, are described. The main changes in the circuit and operating conditions when integrating DERs into distribution grids in the mass scale are shown. The authors justify the need for making changes in the existing technical requirements for power equipment, relay protection, and automation instruments. Technical requirements for the distributed generation plants and new types of equipment (energy storage systems, devices with power converters, etc.) should be developed. The paper proposes a new approach to the development of the DER-based power distribution schemes considering the specifics of modern generating units and loads. It is noted that solving these issues will ensure reliable DER functioning as part of power systems.

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29

Yang, X., S. P. Carullo, K. Miu, and C. O. Nwankpa. "Reconfigurable Distribution Automation and Control Laboratory: Multiphase, Radial Power Flow Experiment." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 20, no. 3 (2005): 1207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2005.851988.

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Tae-Il Choi, K. Y. Lee, Dong Ryul Lee, and Jeong Kil Ahn. "Communication System for Distribution Automation Using CDMA." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23, no. 2 (2008): 650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2007.910991.

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31

Huang, Yen-Chih, Wen-Ching Chang, Hsuan Hsu, and Cheng-Chien Kuo. "Planning and Research of Distribution Feeder Automation with Decentralized Power Supply." Electronics 10, no. 3 (2021): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030362.

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The high penetration of distributed generation in distributed energy systems causes the variation of power loss and makes the power grid become more complicated, so this paper takes various types of optimal algorithms into account and simulates the feeder reconfiguration on the IEEE-33 system as well as the Taiwan power system. The simulation verifies linear population size reduction of successful history-based adaptive differential evolution (L-SHADE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) fitness in different systems and provides the recommended location of distributed energy. The proposed method keeps the voltage bound of 0.95 to 1.03 p.u. of Taiwan regulation. In the IEEE-33 system, we achieved a 52.57% power loss reduction after feeder reconfiguration, and a 70.55% power loss reduction after the distributed generator was implemented and feeder reconfiguration. Under the variation of load demand and power generation of the Taiwan power system, we establish the system models by forecasting one-day load demand. Then, we propose a one-day feeder switch operation strategy by considering the switches’ operation frequency with the reduction of 83.3% manual operation and recommend feeder automation to achieve feeder power loss reduction, voltage profile improvement and get regional power grid resilient configuration.

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Alves, Gisliany, Danielle Marques, Ivanovitch Silva, Luiz Affonso Guedes, and Maria da Guia da Silva. "A Methodology for Dependability Evaluation of Smart Grids." Energies 12, no. 9 (2019): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091817.

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Smart grids are a new trend in electric power distribution, which has been guiding the digitization of electric ecosystems. These smart networks are continually being introduced in order to improve the dependability (reliability, availability) and efficiency of power grid systems. However, smart grids are often complex, composed of heterogeneous components (intelligent automation systems, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) control systems, power systems, smart metering systems, and others). Additionally, they are organized under a hierarchical topology infrastructure demanded by priority-based services, resulting in a costly modeling and evaluation of their dependability requirements. This work explores smart grid modeling as a graph in order to propose a methodology for dependability evaluation. The methodology is based on Fault Tree formalism, where the top event is generated automatically and encompasses the hierarchical infrastructure, redundant features, load priorities, and failure and repair distribution rates of all components of a smart grid. The methodology is suitable to be applied in early design stages, making possible to evaluate instantaneous and average measurements of reliability and availability, as well as to identify eventual critical regions and components of smart grid. The study of a specific use-case of low-voltage distribution network is used for validation purposes.

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Zatsepina, V. I., E. P. Zatsepin, and P. I. Skomorokhov. "Improving the efficiency of power supply systems through the combined effect of voltage distortion." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 5 (2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-5-79-86.

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In most cases, any abnormal mode in the distribution electrical network is eliminated by the action of relay protection and automation devices (RPA), i.e. - there is a shutdown of the damaged item. It is much more difficult to constantly maintain the normal key indicators of the quality of electrical energy in the network. With the advent of controlled voltage converters based on transistors IGCT and IGBT, static synchronous compensators STATCOM were developed. The main disadvantage of this kind of device is that the control output generated by them is static. Under conditions of increased likelihood of abnormal conditions, their dynamic compensation will be much more effective. In the process of research, the methods of dynamic continuous action of voltage on a sinusoid in a distribution electric network were used. The development of a theoretical approach was accompanied by constant monitoring of existing and developed technical solutions associated with the task set in the work. The object of the study was the distribution electrical network of industrial enterprises with a sharply alternating nature of negative network perturbations. A method has been developed for dynamic suppression of amplitude-phase voltage distortions on the basis of restoring the voltage curve due to the continuous introduction of a compensation voltage curve into the network via a booster transformer. A faster formation of the control action in comparison with analogues allows us to more effectively respond to negative network perturbations in distribution networks, especially if the nature of their occurrence changes dramatically. The proposed method is designed to maintain the quality of electricity within acceptable limits in accordance with the requirements of Russian State Standard 32144-2013.

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Zhang, Zhaoyun, and Qitong Wang. "Application Status and Prospects of 5G Technology in Distribution Automation Systems." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (April 2, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5553159.

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With the continuous development of 5G (5th generation mobile networks) communication technology, increasing attention has been paid to the integration of 5G technology and vertical industry. Based on the consideration of power security, the large-scale application of 5G in the power industry will start from the distribution grid and gradually extend to the high-voltage power grid. There have been some powerful attempts to apply 5G technology in distribution grid automation, distribution grid relay protection, and distribution grid monitoring. This article will summarize the application of 5G technology in these fields, focuses on the analysis of possible problems in technical standards, network security, application costs, and signal coverage, and will propose reasonable prospects and thoughts on the integration of 5G technology and distribution grids.

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Omorov, T. T., and B. K. Takyrbashev. "A Method for Identification of Nonmeasurable Parameters of a Distribution Electric Grid in Systems of Automation of Control and Accounting of Electric Power." Russian Electrical Engineering 89, no. 3 (2018): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371218030124.

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Protosovitskii, I. V., E. P. Zabello, M. A. Prishchepov, and V. A. Daineko. "Ensuring the Reliability and Efficiency of the Power Industry in the Agricultural Sector of the Republic of Belarus in Modern Conditions." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 63, no. 2 (2020): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2020-63-2-116-128.

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The necessity of improving the power supply system in the agricultural sector is substantiated by the growing share of first-category loads that require targeted reliability. Improving values of the technical and economic indicators of centralized energy generation and its transmission through main and distribution grids cannot ensure high reliability of consumers of the first category, the number of which is constantly growing in agriculture. It is noted that if the power system in outage of the generating source of the high power supply is provided by inputting the emergency reserve, then at emergency switching-off phase of the section of the mains, power supply of the consumers powered by the schemes for both radial and looped distribution network may be absent for a long period of time (several hours). The ways and methods of improving the power supply system, such as integration of a single power system with distributed generation sources, ensuring their parallel operation, load management using complex tariffs for electric energy that take into account the form of load schedules, modernization of technological processes taking into account their automation and improvement of technical and economic indicators, are considered. Taking into account the increase in electricity consumption for heating and hot water supply, we consider the option of eliminating cross-subsidization, which stimulates the interest of consumers in saving electricity and reducing the fee for electricity consumption by changing the operating modes of equipment and devices. The analysis of promising energy-saving measures in agricultural power engineering demonstrated that routine measures are being supplemented by other measures induced by the fact that power electronics and microprocessor technology have significantly advanced in their development in the agricultural energy sector over the past decades, for example, for frequency control of asynchronous motors equipped by a short-circuited rotor that has high values of energy and dynamic indicators. Since there are a number of technologies in agriculture where electric energy is used without the electric drive units application and each of the technological processes has its own requirements for the reliability and quality of electric energy, the scheme of mutual redundancy from adjacent substations using distributed generation sources and technical means of automated energy accounting, control and management of electrical loads, is considered.

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Bunch, J., L. Demian, C. Gentz, K. Tanis, and H. Fiedler. "A Distribution Automation Evaluation Using Digital Techniques." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 11 (1985): 3169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.318826.

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Rigler, D. M., W. R. Hodgkins, and R. N. Allan. "Quantitative reliability analysis of distribution systems: automation." Power Engineering Journal 13, no. 4 (1999): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pe:19990404.

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Fereidunian, Alireza, Mohammad Mahdi Hosseini, and Mohammad Abbasi Talabari. "Toward self-financed distribution automation development: time allocation of automatic switches installation in electricity distribution systems." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 11, no. 13 (2017): 3350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0114.

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Suprianto. "The Implementation of ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch) System Between Solar Power Plants and Grid Systems for the Household Electric Power Service to Maintain Sustainability and Save Electricity Costs." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 7 (2020): 3136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9150.

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The continuity of electric power service is a major factor determining electrical customer satisfaction. Research on the implementation of the ATS system between solar cells and grid system as a supplier of electrical power to household electrical loads for continuity and savings in electricity consumption costs aims to design an ATS system for delivering electrical power to the load system that can maintain the continuity of the supply of electricity, reducing costs electricity consumption while reducing dependence on grid electricity supply. The specific target to be achieved in this research is to design an ATS system for the distribution of electric power between grid system and solar power system and find out the cost of savings while maintaining continuity of electricity services, so that electricity consumers can benefit from technical and economic aspects. The method used in this study is an experimental method that is designing an electrical power supply ATS system to get the results of a good design and as planned. The equipment used is solar panels, relays, timers, inverters, household electrical loads, contactors, electrical measuring devices, temperature gauges and light intensity, battery systems and control panels. The results showed that the automatic transfer switch must attention to the design of an accurate and meticulous to avoid damage to the inverter. So that continuity of service of electric power is maintained. Electric power service using a solar cell system with 2 units of 100 Ah batteries and 6 units of 100 Wp solar panels can serve household electrical loads for 1 day of battery charging and discharging, 1 day of battery charging and 1 day of battery discharging with average electric energy generated at 1485 W-hours. Costs can be saved in 1 month if the price of electricity is Rp. 1352/Kwh, is Rp. 20,104.-/month with an investment cost of Rp. 27,956,000.

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Liu, Chunmei, and Guohong Shi. "Automatic Compensation Device for Distribution Line Based on Wireless Sensor." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 13, no. 05 (2017): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i05.7058.

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<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The purpose is</span><span lang="EN-US"> to solve the problem that the automatic compensation device of the distribution line is too scattered</span><span lang="EN-US">. </span><span lang="EN-US">A power supply line automatic compensation device based on the wireless sensor network is proposed. The device data acquisition terminal adopts electromagnetic induction power supply and open wireless transmission design, without disconnecting the line threading and secondary lead to the controller. A more mature microcontroller is used as a controller, and it is combined with more advanced control algorithm and the reactive power of the electrical equipment in time, so as to detect and calculate the number of capacitor banks required for compensation. Based on the design of wireless sensor network, through the computer for real-time monitoring,the difficulties of promoting the automatic compensation of distribution lines due to the inconvenience of centralized operation and management have been overcome. In conclusion, the automatic compensation device can improve the quality of power supply and promote the development of China's electric power industry as long as it is continuously improved and perfected.</span></p>

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Hu, Lian Jun, Hong Song, Xiao Hui Zeng, and Wei Peng Zhou. "Circuit Designs for an Automation Intelligent Electrical Distribution Terminal Unit Based on DSP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.281.

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An automation intelligent electrical distribution terminal unit is designed in the paper, making full use of the super calculation ability of digital signal processors. Whole hardware design and circuit designs, such as power conversion module, relay control module communication and data storage module etc, are discussed respectively in the paper. Researches on the reliability of the intelligent terminal unit are carried on finally. Results show that the unit can operate safely, stably and reliably.

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Blair, W., J. Bunch, and C. Gentz. "A Methodology for Economic Evaluation of Distribution Automation." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 10 (1985): 2954–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.319144.

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Onen, Ahmet, Jaesung Jung, Murat Dilek, et al. "Model-centric Distribution Automation: Capacity, Reliability, and Efficiency." Electric Power Components and Systems 44, no. 5 (2016): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2015.1121416.

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Popovic, Dragan S., Ljiljana R. Glamocic, and Miroslav D. Nimrihter. "The optimal automation level of medium voltage distribution networks." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 33, no. 3 (2011): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.10.004.

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Yang, X., S. P. Carullo, K. Miu, and C. O. Nwankpa. "Correction to "Reconfigurable Distribution Automation and Control Laboratory: Multiphase, Radial Power Flow Experiment"." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 20, no. 4 (2005): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2005.859934.

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Teo, C. Y. "Automation of knowledge acquisition and representation for fault diagnosis in power distribution networks." Electric Power Systems Research 27, no. 3 (1993): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(93)90044-f.

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Amin, Adil, Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen, Muhammad Usman, et al. "A Review of Optimal Charging Strategy for Electric Vehicles under Dynamic Pricing Schemes in the Distribution Charging Network." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (2020): 10160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310160.

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This study summarizes a critical review on EVs’ optimal charging and scheduling under dynamic pricing schemes. A detailed comparison of these schemes, namely, Real Time Pricing (RTP), Time of Use (ToU), Critical Peak Pricing (CPP), and Peak Time Rebates (PTR), is presented. Globally, the intention is to reduce the carbon emissions (CO2) has motivated the extensive practice of Electric Vehicles (EVs). The uncoordinated charging and uncontrolled integration however of EVs to the distribution network deteriorates the system performance in terms of power quality issues. Therefore, the EVs’ charging activity can be coordinated by dynamic electricity pricing, which can influence the charging activities of the EVs customers by offering flexible pricing at different demands. Recently, with developments in technology and control schemes, the RTP scheme offers more promise compared to the other types of tariff because of the greater flexibility for EVs’ customers to adjust their demands. It however involves higher degree of billing instability, which may influence the customer’s confidence. In addition, the RTP scheme needs a robust intelligent automation system to improve the customer’s feedback to time varying prices. In addition, the review covers the main optimization methods employed in a dynamic pricing environment to achieve objectives such as power loss and electricity cost minimization, peak load reduction, voltage regulation, distribution infrastructure overloading minimization, etc.

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Zhang, Qin Ling, Lei Liu, and Xu Jiang. "Design and Power Supply‘s Quality Analysis of the Automatic Power Distribution System Based on SSPC." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1787.

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In complex and severe electromagnetic environment with more electric aircraft (MEA) and aircraft missions diversity, the power supply quality analysis and its corresponding circuit design is a key technology for the design of automatic power distribution system on airborne platform. By analyzing the structure and the characteristics of automatic power distribution system and its executive component – SSPC, this paper improves the power supply quality through paralleling RC circuit to MOSFET to absorb current shock and voltage fluctuation,and gives the calculating method of the RC components. By experiments with principle prototype, it is verified that the method can reduce the dynamic voltage fluctuation of the power supply system.

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Deese, Anthony S., Elliot Stein, Brian Carrigan, and Elie Klein. "Automation of residential load in power distribution systems with focus on demand response." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 7, no. 4 (2013): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2012.0145.

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