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1
Raschepkin, A. P., I. P. Kondratenko, O. M. Karlov, and R. S. Kryshchuk. "MAGNETO-ELECTRIC ENERGY CONVERTER OF SEA WAVES." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2021, no. 4 (2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2021.04.025.
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To convert the energy of sea waves, the use of cylindrical (with a radial magnetic flux) three-phase magnetoelectric generators with a permanent magnet rotor using a mechanical gearbox to increase the rotor speed is considered. Given the real rotor motion, a mathematical model has been developed to calculate the distribution of magnetic fields in the gap of the generator, and functional dependences of the flux linkage of the winding and the electromagnetic moment of the generator on its design and the parameters of permanent magnets have been obtained. For the adopted design, the electromagnetic moment, the distribution of phase currents in the windings, the power and voltage of the generator are determined. A comparison is made of the energy performance of generators with a traditional float drive and using a ratchet to ensure one-sided rotation of the rotor. The expediency of using a ratchet generator to convert the energy of sea waves is considered. References 6, figures 7.
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ARTYUKHOV, Ivan I., Sergey F. STEPANOV, Dmitriy A. BOCHKAREV, Gulsim N. TULEPOVA, and Artem I. ZEMTSOV. "MICROGRID BASED ON A GROUP OF AUTONOMOUS OPERATING SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 4 (2017): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.04.22.
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The current level of power electronics development allows creating and implementing new technologies for generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. Electric machines with variable shaft speed can be used as an energy source now. The functions of providing the parameters of the generated electric power are transferred to the converter devices. The combination of controlled energy sources and electrical receivers in microgrids allows reducing energy losses, increasing the reliability of electricity supply. The article is devoted to the constructions of a microgrid based on several autonomously operating synchronous generators. As an example, microgrid for power supply of compressor station based on own use generators of gas compressor units is considered.
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Tavlintsev, Alexander, Maria Shorikova, and Sergey Yuferev. "Smoothing the Metropolis Electric Power Consumption Daily Schedule with Mass Use of Electric Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1402.
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In connection with the increasing fuel costs and decreasing incomes during the crisis electric vehicles are becoming more and more popular with drivers. With mass growth of using the electrical vehicles a possibility of transmission congestion can take place. While charging the vehicle by means of residential distribution there is a risk of facing electric power supply degradation and local accident conditions in grids. One of the basic current problems is that of the load curve irregularity, i.e. the existence of the peak hours and minimums in demand of the electric power. In its turn the load curve irregularity can cause unacceptable frequency oscillations in power systems. The development of charging station systems will lead to the increasing of the morning and evening demand of the electric power. It requires key investments in generators designing and improving the distribution networks, which in its turn will cause limitations in the number of charging stations and the electric vehicles expansion. Cost differentiation depending upon charging duration time can become an incentive to use charging stations during the periods of the minimum electric power consumption. A possibility of the electric vehicles usage as a means of smoothing the electric power consumption daily schedule is shown in the article. The evaluation of rationality of the electric vehicles integration as a power component in the network was made as well.
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Olajuyin, E. A., and Olubakinde Eniola. "MICROGRID IN POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 8 (2020): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.687.
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Power is a very important instrument to the development of economy of a nation and it must be stable and available and to meet the demand of the consumers at all times. The quest for power supply has introduced a new technology called microgrid. Micro grids are regarded as small power systems that confine electric energy generating facilities, from both renewable energy sources and conventional synchronous.
 Generators, and customer loads with respect to produced electric energy. It can be connected to grid or operate in islanding mode. On the other hand, the grid’s dynamics and its stability rely on the amount of stored energy in the micro grid. In a conventional power system with a large number of synchronous generators as the main sources of energy, the mechanical energy in the generators’ rotors, in the form of kinetic energy, serves as the stored energy and feeds the grids in the event of any drastic load changes or if disturbances occur. Microgrid is an alternative idea to support the grid, it can be applied in a street, estates, community or a locality (towns and villages), organizations and establishments. Load forecasting can be further extended to Organizations, Local Government, State and country to determine the energy consumption.
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Avramenko, A. I. "Review of the actual state of the market for autonomous energy supply systems." Power and Autonomous equipment 1, no. 1 (2018): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2018-1-1-6-14.
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In connection with the strongest energy dependence of modern mankind and regular accidents in the world's power systems, the use of alternative sources of electricity remains relevant. The article reviews the dynamics of the market of systems of autonomous power supply with electric generators for the last 10 years. The data on import and production of electric generators in the territory of the Russian Federation are presented. The main domestic producers of electric generating sets are given. The main exporting countries in Russia are electric power units. The positive impact of the policy of import substitution on the production of power units in the territory of the Russian Federation was noted. The tendency to growth of manufacture and import of gas manufacture of gas electric generating sets is established.Subject: the subject of the study is the state of the market of autonomous power supply systems with electric generators (EA) designed for professional long-term operation based on primary multi-cylinder engines using diesel fuel and gas. Objectives: the purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the market of autonomous power supply systems.Materials and methods: in the course of work, a retrospective of the market of autonomous power supply systems with power units was given, dynamics of import and production of electric power units on the territory of the Russian Federation is presented.Results: the article reviews the dynamics of the market of autonomous power supply systems with electric power generators for the last 10 years. The data on import and production of electric generators in the territory of the Russian Federation are presented. The main domestic producers of electric generating sets are given. The main exporting countries in Russia are electric power units. The positive impact of the policy of import substitution on the production of power units in the territory of the Russian Federation was noted. The tendency to growth of manufacture and import of gas manufacture of gas electric generating sets is established. The need for the growth of the market of electric generating sets distribution of producers.Conclusions: forecasts are made on the future of power plants in the Russian Federation.
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Ponnam, V. K. B., and K. Swarnasri. "Multi-Objective Optimal Allocation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Distributed Generators in Radial Distribution Systems using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 3 (2020): 5837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3517.
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The acceptance rate of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the transport industry has increased substantially due to the augmented interest towards sustainable transportation initiatives. However, their impact in terms of increased power demand on the electric power market can increase real power losses, decrease voltage profile, and consequently decrease voltage stability margins. It is necessary to install Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs) and Distributed Generators (DGs) at optimal locations to decrease the EV load effect in the Radial Distribution System (RDS). This paper addresses a multi-objective optimization technique to obtain simultaneous EVCS & DG placement and sizing. The problem is formulated to optimize real power losses, Average Voltage Deviation Index (AVDI), and Voltage Stability Index (VSI) of the electrical distribution system. Simulation studies were performed on the standard IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test systems. Harries Hawk Optimization (HHO) and Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithms were selected to minimize the system objectives. The simulation outcomes reveal that the proposed approach improved system performance in all aspects. Among HHO and TLBO, HHO is reasonably successful in accomplishing the desired goals.
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Sudarmojo, Yanu Prapto. "Optimization of Placement and Size of Distribution Generators Using Quantum Genetic Algorithms to Improve Power Quality in Bali Distribution Networks." Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 3, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2019.v03.i01.p01.
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World energy requirement increased significantly, the main energy source from an oil is very limited. This problem drive an enhancement develop which support small scale generator to be connected near distributed network or near load center. Distributed Generator (DG) is a power plant which have a little capacity range between 15 kW to 10 MW. Basically, DG instalation is one way to fix a voltage profile where an installed DG would inject voltage to a transmission system or electric power distribution.
 Bali is a tourism area which it’s electric power source got a supply from Java and some large scale plant which use fuel of oil and gas, which until now still needed more of electric energy. An addition small scale generator for Bali is very helpful where economic profit is distribution cost and transmission cost’s reduction, electric cost and saving fuel energy. Technically a distributor of DG must be done correctly and optimal from it’s size or location so that give a maximum result from economic side, minimalizing electricity loss and increase voltage profile which result an electric power quality is improved. For that, in this research will use heuristic optimation with use Quantum Genetic Alghorithm method to placing distributed generator to Bali Electricity Network. To counting electicity loss and voltage profile, a method which used to solve it is Newton Raphson method.
 The result of this research, DG is installed to feeder which plaed in Abang Sub-District, Karangasem District where Abang Feeder had a total 43a bus which is a part from Bali Distribution System. With using QGA, DG is installed to bus 1, 5, 7, and 302 with each DG capacity is 0,374 MW, 1,894 MW, 1,988 MW and 0,500 MW, after installment of DG, voltage profile can be fixed. Voltage profile for some bus to Abang Feeder could be fixed from 0,83 pu to 0,98 pu. Electricity loss from 1,105 MW become 0,234 MW.
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ZEMTSOV, Artem I. "POWER SUPPLY EFFICIENCY INCREASE OF THE GAS-COMPRESSOR WORKSHOP DUE TO MICROGRID FORMATION ON THE BASIS OF OWN NEED GAS-DISTRIBUTING UNITS GENERATORS." Urban construction and architecture 9, no. 3 (2019): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2019.03.22.
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The possibility of the direct current use in the enterprise intra shop power supply systems for the electric power loss reduction purpose, the power supply reliability and the electromagnetic compatibility problem solution is considered. The structural direct current micro network scheme on the basis of own need generators, equipping gas-distributing units for gas-compressor workshop electrical generating system, is suggested. The use of these generators at changeable shaft speed is analyzed, with a possibility of regulation of gas-distributing unit capacity for the transporting gas optimization mode. The own need generators combination in the micro network for the purpose of energy surplus use for the gas air coolers power supply is essential.
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German, Leonid A., and Aleksander S. Serebryakov. "Reduction of electric power losses by the reactive power compensation unit at the point of AC electric traction network sectioning." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 78, no. 5 (2019): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2019-78-5-302.
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Changes of electric traction network with regulated and not-regulated reactive power compensation units (CU) are required due to switching on the reactive power static generators at the AC electric traction network sectioning points the specifying calculations of the reactive power. The method of calculation of power losses in the traction network with regulated and not-regulated cross capacity compensation units at the sectioning point was developed. The main positive effect of CU at the sectioning point is increasing of the carrying capacity of the railroad sections. However, calculation of CU effectiveness for reduction of electric power losses, as well as calculation of continuously controlled CU requires appropriate calculations. It is demonstrated that CU effectiveness at the sectioning points of reactive power compensation is reduced in connection with distribution of the draft load; CU regulation effectiveness is also reduced as a response to increase of the carrying capacity of the railroad section, which allows assessing the proposed calculation formulae. Presented examples of calculation for the actual baseline data demonstrate that full losses in the traction network (assumed as 100%) can be reduced by using of CU of the sectioning point up to 21% maximum with continuously controlled units and up to 13.4% with uncontrolled CU. As automatics of the reactive power static generator is designed for increasing the carrying capacity of the railroad, its operation frequently complies with the reactive power overcompensation regime when losses in the traction network are increased.
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Elsherif, A., T. Fetouh, and H. Shaaban. "Power Quality Investigation of Distribution Networks Embedded Wind Turbines." Journal of Wind Energy 2016 (April 12, 2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7820825.
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In recent years a multitude of events have created a new environment for the electric power infrastructure. The presence of small-scale generation near load spots is becoming common especially with the advent of renewable energy sources such as wind power energy. This type of generation is known as distributed generation (DG). The expansion of the distributed generators- (DGs-) based wind energy raises constraints on the distribution networks operation and power quality issues: voltage sag, voltage swell, voltage interruption, harmonic contents, flickering, frequency deviation, unbalance, and so forth. Consequently, the public distribution network conception and connection studies evolve in order to keep the distribution system operating in optimal conditions. In this paper, a comprehensive power quality investigation of a distribution system with embedded wind turbines has been carried out. This investigation is carried out in a comparison aspect between the conventional synchronous generators, as DGs are widely in use at present, and the different wind turbines technologies, which represent the foresightedness of the DGs. The obtained results are discussed with the IEC 61400-21 standard for testing and assessing power quality characteristics of grid-connected wind energy and the IEEE 1547-2003 standard for interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems.
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Yang, Zan, You Bing Zhang, Su Fen Tong, and Guo Qing Weng. "Economic Dispatch of the Microgrid with Electric Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1876.
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Microgrids (MGs), which can operate either interconnected or isolated from the bulk grid as one controlled entity, are low voltage distribution networks comprising various distributed generators (DGs), storage devices and loads. This paper proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for solving the economic dispatch (ED) problem of a MG power system. Vehicles plugged into the MG can be used as mobile storage devices, which supply power to the MG system when the load is in the peak. The experimental results show that the plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) can improve the economic of the MG system.
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Torres, Negreiros, and Tiba. "Theoretical and Experimental Study to Determine Voltage Violation, Reverse Electric Current and Losses in Prosumers Connected to Low-Voltage Power Grid." Energies 12, no. 23 (2019): 4568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234568.
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The impact of PV generation distributed in a low voltage transmission line depends on many factors: The distribution lines and PV generators characteristics, its location, operational control, local meteorological conditions, electricity consumption profile, and the electricity cost variation. An atypical and challenging behavior of photovoltaic distributed generation (DG) insertion in consumer units (CUs), implies in some circumstances, as the reverse directionality of the power flow between the load equipped with a photovoltaic system generator and the electrical grid, when a CU contains a distributed generation and low power consumption, the power flow will be directed to the power electric grid. In this work, the modeling of a low-voltage real feeder was performed, setting the variables of the system under real operating conditions. As result, voltage levels variability throughout the feeder, the electrical losses, and the asymmetry between the phases were observed. Through simulation scenarios, the occurrence of voltage increase under different penetration scenarios of distributed generation was verified and there was a 10% increase in reference voltage as well as the occurrence of higher electrical losses by reverse current, reaching 1200% more with a DG penetration, in the massive presence of the photovoltaic generator. The mitigatory action used in this work was able to attenuate the negative impacts to the feeder circuit, ensuring the integrity grid and the consumer unit.
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Taha, Mohammed Qasim. "Advantages and recent advances of smart energy grid." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (2020): 1739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2358.
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Smart grid is widely recognized technology used to improve the stability and losses of the electric power system. It is encouraging reliability, efficiency, and effective control of the supply of electrical energy. However, it is a hot topic for recent publications and still has a limited understanding among researchers. This review work is to provide insight and support to the beginner researchers since this topic needs a multidisciplinary background knowledge. The conventional electric transmission system and distribution networks struggle to provide resilient performance and reliable service and real-time data. Also, smart grid id a promising network maneuver to stabilize the system once any disturbances break out by using the distributed renewable energy generators, while the conventional networks lack for flexibility to integrate with renewable energy generators or microgrids. This comprehensive work is conducted to map previous controbution in a coherent manar, including the specifications, features, and fundamentals that are presented to benefit the interested readers interested in smart grid development.
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Lezhnyuk, Petro, Iryna Hunko, Juliya Malogulko, Iryna Kotylko, and Lіudmyla Krot. "MODELING OF COMPATIBLE WORK OF DISTRIBUTED POWER SOURCES OF ELECTRIC POWER AND CENTRALISED POWER SUPPLY." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, no. 2 (12) (2018): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-2(12)-189-195.
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Urgency of the research. Current trends of distributed generation development in Ukraine indicate a rapid generation in-crease from renewable energy plants. Most developed countries gradually refuse from the fossil fuels use and invest more and more to the “green” energy. Therefore, there is a need for a detailed study of the operation conditions of distributed energy sources due to their instability, as well as the processes that arise in distribution electric networks with diverse types of distributed energy sources. Target setting. In the producing process of power energy by distributed energy sources due to the increase in their num-ber, there are situations where several renewable sources of energy operate to only one system of buses. Thus, such distributive networks acquire the features of a local power system, which complicates the control process of such systems, and also there is a problem with the electricity supply of consumers. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The analysis of publications suggests that in literature more attention is paid to studying the operating modes of solar power plants, or small hydroelectric power plants. However, almost no attention was paid to the study of their cooperation work. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Only a few works are devoted to the study of the cooperation of the diverce sources of distributed energy sources in the local electrical systems. That is why, their impact on power distribution networks and on the grid in general has not been studied extensively. The research objective. In this article was considered the influence of asynchronous generators on small hydroelectric power plants on the operation modes of distribution electrical networks, and were investigated the processes that are occurring in local power systems with different types of distributed energy sources. The statement of basic materials. Based on the research results, was developed a computer model of a such system in the PS CAD software environment. Two solar stations and one small hydroelectric power station with an asynchronous generator were connected to the power supply. It was shown the simulation of two modes of operation: a joint operation of a small hydroelectric power station, two solar power stations and a power supply center; a joint operation of a small hydroelectric pow-er plant, two solar power stations and a power supply disconnected. Conclusions. As a result of computer simulation, it is shown that by switching on a small hydroelectric power plant with an asynchronous generator in the case of an emergency shutdown of centralized power supply, it is possible to restore the work of solar power plants, and thus partially or completely restore the power supply of consumers.
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Salehpour, Mohammad Javad, Hamid Radmanesh, Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Rostami, Jin Wang, and Hye-Jin Kim. "Effect of Load Priority Modeling on the Size of Fuel Cell as an Emergency Power Unit in a More-Electric Aircraft." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (2019): 3241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163241.
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The proton exchange membrane fuel cell as a green power source is a suitable replacement of the engine mounted generators in the emergency power unit of a more-electric aircraft. Most existing energy management methods for operation of fuel cells in the more-electric aircraft refer to the hydrogen consumption minimization. But due to the increasing number of electrical components and hence electrical demand in the aircraft, demand-side management should be considered in these methods. In order to determine the effect of demand-side management on the fuel cell operation and size, an efficient load priority model is presented and integrated into an optimization framework. The proposed optimization framework is formulated as mixed-integer quadratic programming using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality condition and is solved by CPLEX optimization tool. The Boeing 787 electrical distribution system is considered as a single-bus case study to evaluate the performance of the proposed optimization framework. Numerical results show that the size of fuel cell as an emergency power unit resource depends on the type and importance of the system’s loads in different emergency conditions. Also, with an efficient priority model, both hydrogen consumption and load shedding can be decreased.
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Farhoodnea, Masoud, Azah Mohamed, Hussain Shareef, and Hadi Zayandehroodi. "Power Quality Impact of Renewable Energy based Generators and Electric Vehicles on Distribution Systems." Procedia Technology 11 (2013): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.156.
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Gallego Pareja, Luis Alfonso, Jesus Maria Lopez Lezama, and Oscar Gomez Carmona. "Optimal Placement of Capacitors, Voltage Regulators, and Distributed Generators in Electric Power Distribution Systems." Ingeniería 25, no. 3 (2020): 334–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/23448393.16925.
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Context: With the advent of the smart grid paradigm, electrical distribution network (EDN) operators are making efforts to modernize their power grids through the optimal implementation of distributed generators (DGs) and other devices such as capacitors (CAs) and voltage regulators (VRs). The optimal allocation of such devices is a challenging task involving discrete and integer decision variables. Method: This paper presents an approach for the optimal placement of CAs, VRs and DGs in EDNs. The distinctive feature of the proposed model is the fact that it can be used to optimize the allocation of all of these elements together, in pairs, or separately. The optimal implementation of these elements is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, and it is solved by means of a specialized genetic algorithm (SGA). Results: The proposed methodology was tested on the IEEE 69-bus test system. The results were compared with previous works from the specialized literature, showing the effectiveness and robustness of the model. Conclusions: It was found that the appropriate allocation of CAs, VRs, and DGs results in a significant power loss reduction. It was also found that the proposed model is faster than other techniques proposed in the specialized literature. Acknowledgements: The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Colombia Científica program, within the framework of the Ecosistéma Científico (Contract No. FP44842- 218-2018). The authors also acknowledge the support of the State University of Londrina and Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP).
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Fathabadi, Hassan. "Utilization of electric vehicles and renewable energy sources used as distributed generators for improving characteristics of electric power distribution systems." Energy 90 (October 2015): 1100–1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.063.
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Duong, T. L., and T. T. Nguyen. "Network Reconfiguration for an Electric Distribution System with Distributed Generators based on Symbiotic Organisms Search." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 6 (2019): 4925–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3166.
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This paper proposes a method of network reconfiguration based on symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm for reducing power loss of the electric distribution system. The SOS is a recent developed meta-heuristic algorithm inspired from the symbiotic interaction strategies of organisms for surviving and propagating in the ecosystem. Compared to other algorithms, SOS does not need any control parameters during the searching process. The advantages of the proposed SOS method have been validated in two electric distribution systems. Three network cases have been considered for each system, consisting of performing network reconfiguration on the system without distributed generator (DG) placement, the system installed type-P DGs and the system installed type-PQ DGs. The comparison results with particle swarm optimization and other previous methods show that the proposed SOS can be a promising technique for the problem of electric network reconfiguration.
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Burkov, Anatoliy, Alexander Marykyn, Victor Nikityn, and Alexander Tretyakov. "PARALLEL OPERATION OF HYDROGEN POWER SOURCE WITH CURRENT INVERTER AND SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR IN SELF-CONTAINED ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEMS OF ALTRENATING CURRENT." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 4 (December 17, 2017): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2017-4-81-91.
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Objective: The data on the synthesis of a combined electric power source for a self-contained electric-power system with a diesel generator (turbo-generator) and hydrogen power source was presented in the article. Objective: To justify the structure and parameters of a power channel of a self-contained electric power plant based on power augmentation with parallel operation on the total load of two electric power sources – synchronous generator and hydrogen power source. Methods: Mathematical modeling of the main power processes was applied, including the processes of active and reactive power distribution control in a self-contained electric power system with parallel operation of synchronous generator and hydrogen power source. Results: The tasks of structural synthesis of a combined power plant with current-based electronic inverter application, as well as justifications of power-efficient operation criteria and control algorithms of a self-contained electric power system with minimized power interchange between synchronous generator and current inverter were set and solved. Practical importance: New results are recommended to use in the design of power systems with improved technical and economic as well
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Turner, Matthew J. "Design and development of a smart grid laboratory for an energy and power engineering technology program." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 54, no. 4 (2017): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720916687315.
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This paper presents the design and development of a laboratory facility to accompany a three-course power systems sequence in the Energy and Power Engineering Technology program at Purdue University. This hardware-based system is modeled after the US electric grid and emulates a complete power network: generation, transmission and distribution, end-use, and control. The approach taken is to divide the lab hardware in two: a simplified three-phase, three-bus system for power transfer from a synchronous generator and infinite bus to a variable load, and a multi-bus single phase system with prime movers and associated generators, transformers, contactors, transmission lines, constant impedance loads, induction motor loads, power factor correction capacitors, DC generation, AC/DC conversion, energy storage, high voltage DC transmission, and supervisory control and data acquisition. The bifurcation of the lab hardware by phase enables the hands on teaching of both three-phase power basics and more advanced content in context of the power grid, supporting a systems-based approach to electric power engineering education.
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Kolpakhchyan, Pavel G., Alexander R. Shaikhiev, Elena A. Yatsenko, Boris M. Goltsman, and Andrey S. Oshchepkov. "Gas micro-turbines with high-speed electric generators for local smart energy systems." Nexo Revista Científica 33, no. 01 (2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v33i01.10048.
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At present, the share of energy collected from renewable resources and low-power units is growing, and the generation becomes distributed, having many facilities that operate in co-generation mode. That is why the construction of an energy system with distributed heterogeneous sources and the improvement of its efficiency have become widely discussed issues. This paper proposes a solution of a local smart energy systemfortheTechnoEcoPark, a sciencepark of Rostov State Transport University, Rostov, Russia. The solution aims to integrate the distributed generation facilities, including environmentally friendly renewable resources, grid infrastructure and consumers with controllable and uncontrollable load. Theapproachtothe problem is the application of a smart control systemthatmanagesgeneration, distribution and consumptionof energy in a mini-CHP-based autonomous energy system. Such smart control systems reveal the trends of optimal energydistribution in a autonomousenergysystem. The study substantiates that installation of an in-house mini-CHP can solve the task of supplying heat and powertotheTechnoEcoPark. The important advantage of the solution is a significant reduction of expenses on energy consumption as the generation costs less compared to the grid tariffs. The proposed energy supply system of the TechnoEcoPark exemplifies the integration of heterogeneous heat and power sources and consumers into a commonnetwork. The paper outlines the mechanisms of the energy system efficiency improvement. These mechanisms make it possible to provide heat and power supply services to consumers and to return the generated power into the centralized grid. The materials of the paper can be of use to the specialists and researchers who are interested in generation and distribution of energy in autonomous systems.
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Reda, Abdallah, Prof. M.Farahat, Prof. Amal F.Abdelgawad, and Associate Prof. A.T.M Taha. "Investigation of The DGs Effect on The Coordination Between Protective Elements in Distribution Network." International Journal of Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 4 (2019): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss4.1402.
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Addition of Distributed Generators (DGs) to the electric network have more advantages to the network. It improves the voltage profile and the power flow in the network. In the last decade, DGs is used in power system, especially the distribution system. Coordination study for protective devices must be performed on the distribution network with DGs to reach selectivity with minimum clearance time of fault. Due to DG insertion to the electric system, the short circuit level is changed and coordination between protective elements should be done. This paper presents a technique to avoid the miscoordination problem between protective devices due to the impact of DG units insertion without any additional costs. The proposed technique depend on activating and updating the setting of network relays to achieve correct coordination. Also, it doesn't need any additional costs or any additional equipement to be installed in the electric network. This paper make studies on a real radial system of power transformer with its feeders of a 66kV utility substation before and after adding DGs. ETAP software is used to simulate the network under study.
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Gómez, J. C., D. Toum, C. Reineri, and F. Romero. "Fuses in distribution systems: new applications in DC circuits." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (September 2021): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.314.
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The vast majority of distribution systems currently in use, work with alternating current at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Several of the distributed resources (generators or storage) supply electrical energy in the form of direct current. Also, there are continuous end-use applications such as centralized variable speed drives, and the rapidly growing application in electric cars which has recently started. This panorama leads to the growing interest in the application of fuses in direct current systems, not as an adaptation of the alternating current fuse but as a specific design. The article presents the crucial differences between direct and alternating circuits, oriented to the operation of the fuse, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, citing the complications in the design that are required for this growing application. The continuous operation of the fuse is explained in its three fundamental parts: pre-arc, arc and post-arc. The most important current applications are analyzed, such as the protection of: circuits with batteries, circuits of electric vehicles for individual use, power electronics, photovoltaic cells, public transport and circuits in mining. It is concluded in the need to deepen the study of these applications in order to achieve specific fuses designs for direct current and not mere adaptations of the traditional alternating current fuse designs.
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Anishchenko, V. A., and I. V. Gorokhovik. "Influence of Oil-Filled Transformers Overload Capacity on the Throughput Capacity of the Electrical Network." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 61, no. 4 (2018): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-4-310-320.
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During the operation of the electric power system, there is often a need to overload its individual elements (generators, power transformers, overhead and cable power lines, switching electric devices) for a period lasting from several dozens of minutes to a day. The overloads can be caused by intentional disconnection of parallel elements of the system because of scheduled preventive repairs, post-accident disconnections, as well as an unexpected increase in electricity consumption due to the impact of various factors. The overload capacity of the system elements makes it possible to increase operational reliability of power supply to consumers without additional expenditures while maintaining, in most cases, the almost normal service life of electrical equipment. Oil-filled transformers have the greatest potential overload capacity power, which makes it possible to consider them as a significant source of increasing the capacity of the transmission and distribution networks of the electric power system. Excessive over-current of power oil-filled transformers significantly reduces reliability and reduces their normal service life. This is due to the accelerated process of wear of the insulation material of the transfer windings as a result of overheating of the transformer oil, that causes structural changes and, as a consequence, to mechanical damage to the insulation of the windings; the latter can cause an electrical puncture. On the other hand, underestimation of the permissible overload of transformers might result in economic losses due to under-produced products when the functioning of the part of the transformers connected in parallel are ceased for scheduled preventive maintenance or as a result of forced emergency shutdowns. Therefore, there is a need to assess the potential of reasonable increase in the throughput capacity of the electrical network and, accordingly, the reliability of the power supply system, taking into account the requirements for the permissible loads of transformers when the electrical network and various operating modes are being designed.
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Farhoodnea, Masoud, Azah Mohamed, Hussain Shareef, and Hadi Zayandehroodi. "Power quality impacts of high-penetration electric vehicle stations and renewable energy-based generators on power distribution systems." Measurement 46, no. 8 (2013): 2423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2013.04.032.
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Idrissi, Zineb El, Faissal El Mariami, Abdelaziz Belfqih, and Touria Haidi. "Impact of distributed power generation on protection coordination in distribution network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 3 (2021): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i3.pp1271-1280.
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<p>In the whole world and especially in Morocco, the electric power sector faces significant challenges and the demand for energy is increasing as fossil fuel sources are disappearing. Moreover, the high cost of construction of large production plants and the obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are among the factors pushing the energy sector to integrate distributed generators DGs based on renewable energies into power grids. However, the integration of these generators increased the values of short-circuit currents in the network, which poses a real threat to the existing protection coordination systems in the distribution network. The aim of this article is to bring together in a single platform all available research addressing the issue of protection coordination in the presence of DGs in the distribution network, in order to help researchers identify future scope. This paper presents a review of the impact of distributed generators on the protection coordination of distribution networks. The solutions proposed in the literature, to mitigate the negative impact of DGs, have been investigated in detail, along with the limitations of these proposed techniques.</p>
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Dai, Zhi Qiang, Xiao Du, Huan Lian, Si Ming Wei, Huan Liu, and Yi Gong Zhang. "Rules of Harmonic Longitudinal Propagation in Various Voltage Classes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.223.
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Different voltage-class buses of transformer substations which are established based on harmonic voltage distortion to limit amplitude via national standards, so study of harmonic longitudinal propagation (RHLP) is essential to power networks. In order to research RHLP, building models of different electrical components which are harmonic sources, equivalent generators, distribution parameter overhead lines (DPOL), transformers, and loads and so on are crucial. This paper proposes a method which utilizes the principle of electric circuits' ohm' law, series resonance and parallel resonance to study RHLP. Finally, according to Henan province power networks frame, a model is constructed in the simulation software packages PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the method. Furthermore, using MATLAB calculation and PSCAD/EMTDC simulation conclude RHLP in different voltage classes.
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Serebryakov, A., E. Kamolins, K. Gulbis, and K. Sejejs. "Effectiveness of the Tooth Zone of Inductor Electric Machine." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 55, no. 3 (2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2018-0016.
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Abstract The authors consider several tens of rotor tooth and slot profiles for the inductor electric machine in order to gain the maximum EMF of the armature winding at the minimum of highest harmonics, owing to which the specific power and efficiency of the machine can be raised. The research considers usage of analytical methodology and finite element method (FEM), where the latter includes magnetic saturation and actual magnetic field line distribution. The main data of both calculations are summarised in the results of the study. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that, in most cases, the analytical method is not applicable to the qualitative determination of the highest harmonic content of the EMF, since the plane of the magnetic field lines does not close in parallel and their distribution is directly related to the configuration of the teeth zone. The possibility of using the inductor generators for direct connection to the grid is demonstrated in the study.
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Wang, Shu Xiang, Ji Chun Liu, Wei Dong Zheng, et al. "Security and Economy Analysis of Power Grid Considering the Uncertainty of Demand Side and Generation Side." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.398.
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In the emergency management of power system, there are many uncertain factors, such as wind power of the generation side and electric vehicle charging of the demand side. Firstly, the probability statistics model of PEVs charging demands was established, which considered the random factors of the probability distribution of PEVs charging. Then, we used scenarios generation and reduction techniques to predict the output of wind generators. The uncertainty of wind power was described by scenarios set. On this basis, the dispatch model considering PEVs charging and wind power was proposed. Finally, simulation results on the 5-generator system indicated the effectiveness of the proposed method. The synergistic dispatch model considering wind power and PEVs charging can effectively improve the utilization of wind power and the safety and economic benefits of the power system.
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Tissologo, Moussa, Seydou Ouedraogo, and Frederic Ouattara. "GENETIC ALGORITHMS APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZATION OF HYBRID POWER PLANT SIZING IN SAHELIAN ZONE: CASE STUDY IN BURKINA FASO." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 11 (2020): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12023.
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Electrification development in rural areas is essential in order to meet electricity needs at bearable cost, for rural areas population development. This work presents optimization of hybrid electric power plant composed of solar photovoltaic and biogas generators, without electrical energy storage, for low-cost electrification of rural and peri-urban areas, at four sites in Sahel region of Burkina Faso. Simulation results give electricity kilowatt-hour cost about 0.0616 dollar at Gorom-Gorom site, 0.0611 dollar at Dori site, 0.0616 dollar at Djibo site and 0.0616 dollar at Sebba site. Compared to kilowatt-hour cost charged by the national electricity distribution company, who is from 0.1345 dollar, produced electricity cost at these sites is very competitive and accessible for this region population. Use of biogas in addition to solar as an energy source for electrical hybrid power plant has made it possible to reduce significantly polluting and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Soares, Thiago, Ubiratan Bezerra, and Maria Tostes. "Full-Observable Three-Phase State Estimation Algorithm Applied to Electric Distribution Grids." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071327.
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This paper proposes the development of a three-phase state estimation algorithm, which ensures complete observability for the electric network and a low investment cost for application in typical electric power distribution systems, which usually exhibit low levels of supervision facilities and measurement redundancy. Using the customers´ energy bills to calculate average demands, a three-phase load flow algorithm is run to generate pseudo-measurements of voltage magnitudes, active and reactive power injections, as well as current injections which are used to ensure the electrical network is full-observable, even with measurements available at only one point, the substation-feeder coupling point. The estimation process begins with a load flow solution for the customers´ average demand and uses an adjustment mechanism to track the real-time operating state to calculate the pseudo-measurements successively. Besides estimating the real-time operation state the proposed methodology also generates nontechnical losses estimation for each operation state. The effectiveness of the state estimation procedure is demonstrated by simulation results obtained for the IEEE 13-bus test network and for a real urban feeder.
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Muhardika, Muhardika, and Syahroni Syahroni. "Power Flow and Short Circuit Analysis of Distribution System with 300 kW Distributed Generation Connected." Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 1, no. 1 (2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijaset.v1i1.3.
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Power flow analysis aims to determine the capacity of a generator to serve loads, to know the value of power losses in the electrical system, and to carry out a planning and development of the electric power system. Power flow analysis is carried out in order to find out the characteristics of the electric power system to be built or to be developed as desired. In this study, power flow analysis and short circuit analysis were carried out in the electrical system of Andalas University with 2 conditions, namely, when the conditions were normal or when the Distributed Generation was not added and when the conditions were added, the Distributed Generation (DG) Photovoltaic 300 kW. The results of this study indicate the largest system losses when normal conditions are on bus 1 to bus 2 amounting to 20.21 kW and 6.13 kVar, and when conditions add DG on bus 17 to bus 18 are 230.8 kW and 142.7 kVar. The results of the short circuit analysis of the two conditions are on bus 1 when the condition is experiencing the addition of DG with an increase in average current, namely 1 soil phase of 0.86 kA, 2 phases of 0.175 kA, 2 soil phases of 0.09609 kA, and 3 phases of 0.085273 kA from when the conditions were normal. Keywords : Power Flow Analysis, Short Circuit Analysis, Photovoltaic, Wind Turbine
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SALEHFAR, H., and R. RODICK. "A NEW AND FAST ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING SYSTEM RELIABILITY EVALUATION MODEL USING PETRI NETS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 01, no. 04 (1994): 459–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539394000325.
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This paper presents a new power generating system reliability evaluation model which performs like a Monte Carlo based reliability model but without using random number generators or probability distribution of system components. The proposed method is based on a class of Petri Nets known as timed state machine Petri Nets (TSMPNs). The method is simple, flexible, accurate, and extremely fast. A comparison of results from the new model with those from conventional Monte Carlo based reliability techniques shows the fidelity of the model and its potential usefulness in power system reliability studies. The method can also be extended and utilized for other system reliability studies in a more general sense.
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Salkuti, Surender Reddy. "Optimal Operation of Microgrid considering Renewable Energy Sources, Electric Vehicles and Demand Response." E3S Web of Conferences 87 (2019): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198701007.
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This paper proposes a new optimal operation of Microgrids (MGs) in a distribution system with wind energy generators (WEGs), solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, battery energy storage (BES) systems, electric vehicles (EVs) and demand response (DR). To reduce the fluctuations of wind, solar PV powers and load demands, the BES systems and DR are utilized in the proposed hybrid system. The detailed modeling of WEGs, solar PV units, load demands, BES systems and EVs has been presented in this paper. The objective considered here is the minimization of total operating cost of microgrid, and it is formulated by considering the cost of power exchange between the main power grid and microgrid, cost of wind and solar PV energy systems, cost of BES systems, EVs and the cost due to the DR in the system. Simulations are performed on a test microgrid, and they are implemented using GAMS software. Various case studies are performed with and without considering the proposed hybrid system.
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Shigenobu, Ryuto, Ahmad Samim Noorzad, Cirio Muarapaz, Atsushi Yona, and Tomonobu Senjyu. "Optimal Operation and Management for Smart Grid Subsumed High Penetration of Renewable Energy, Electric Vehicle, and Battery Energy Storage System." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 17, no. 2 (2016): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2016-0013.
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Abstract Distributed generators (DG) and renewable energy sources have been attracting special attention in distribution systems in all over the world. Renewable energies, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine generators are considered as green energy. However, a large amount of DG penetration causes voltage deviation beyond the statutory range and reverse power flow at interconnection points in the distribution system. If excessive voltage deviation occurs, consumer’s electric devices might break and reverse power flow will also has a negative impact on the transmission system. Thus, mass interconnections of DGs has an adverse effect on both of the utility and the customer. Therefore, reactive power control method is proposed previous research by using inverters attached DGs for prevent voltage deviations. Moreover, battery energy storage system (BESS) is also proposed for resolve reverse power flow. In addition, it is possible to supply high quality power for managing DGs and BESSs. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to maintain voltage, active power, and reactive power flow at interconnection points by using cooperative controlled of PVs, house BESSs, EVs, large BESSs, and existing voltage control devices. This paper not only protect distribution system, but also attain distribution loss reduction and effectivity management of control devices. Therefore mentioned control objectives are formulated as an optimization problem that is solved by using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Modified scheduling method is proposed in order to improve convergence probability of scheduling scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by case studies results and by using numerical simulations in MATLAB®.
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Fu, Zhumu, Bin Wang, Xiaona Song, Leipo Liu, and Xiaohong Wang. "Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management Based on Improved Logic Threshold Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/840648.
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We design an improved logic threshold approach of energy management for a power-split HEV assisted by an integrated starter generator (ISG). By combining the efficiency map and the optimum torque curve of internal combustion engine (ICE) with the state of charge (SOC) of batteries, the improved logic threshold controller manages the ICE within its peak efficiency region at first. Then the electrical power demand is established based on the ICE energy output. On that premise, a variable logic threshold valueKis defined to achieve the power distribution between the ISG and the electric motor/generator (EMG). Finally, simulation models for the power-split HEV with improved logic threshold controller are established in ADVISOR. Compared to the equally power-split HEV with the logic threshold controller, when using the improved logic threshold controller, the battery power consumption, the ICE efficiency, the fuel consumption, and the motor driving system efficiency are improved.
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Brolin, Leandro C., Felipe B. B. Rolim, and Fernanda C. L. Trindade. "Fast screening approach to estimate the hosting capacity of rooftop PV generators in electric power distribution systems." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 29, no. 3 (2018): e2740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.2740.
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López-Alonso, Borja, Héctor Sarnago, José Burdío, Pablo Briz, and Oscar Lucía. "Multi-Electrode Architecture Modeling and Optimization for Homogeneous Electroporation of Large Volumes of Tissue." Energies 14, no. 7 (2021): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071892.
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Electroporation is a phenomenon that consists of increasing the permeability of the cell membrane by means of high-intensity electric field application. Nowadays, its clinical application to cancer treatment is one of the most relevant branches within the many areas of electroporation. In this area, it is essential to apply homogeneous treatments to achieve complete removal of tumors and avoid relapse. It is necessary to apply an optimized transmembrane potential at each point of the tissue by means of a homogenous electric field application and appropriated electric field orientation. Nevertheless, biological tissues are composed of wide variety, heterogeneous and anisotropic structures and, consequently, predicting the applied electric field distribution is complex. Consequently, by applying the parallel-needle electrodes and single-output generators, homogeneous and predictable treatments are difficult to obtain, often requiring several repositioning/application processes that may leave untreated areas. This paper proposes the use of multi-electrode structure to apply a wide range of electric field vectors to enhance the homogeneity of the treatment. To achieve this aim, a new multi-electrode parallel-plate configuration is proposed to improve the treatment in combination with a multiple-output generator. One method for optimizing the electric field pattern application is studied, and simulation and experimental results are presented and discussed, proving the feasibility of the proposed approach.
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Mirbozorgi, S. A., H. Niazmand, and M. Renksizbulut. "Streaming Electric Potential in Pressure-Driven Flows Through Reservoir-Connected Microchannels." Journal of Fluids Engineering 129, no. 10 (2007): 1346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2776967.
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Electrical power generation employing pressure-driven flows is a fundamental problem in microfluidics. In the present work, analytical and numerical analyses are performed to study the interplaying effects of electrolyte motion with the associated electrical current in a flat microchannel with and without fluid reservoirs. The modified Navier–Stokes equations as well as a Poisson equation for the distribution of electric potential and the Nernst–Planck equations for the distribution of charge densities are solved for the steady flow of a Newtonian liquid. The results show that for a pressure-driven flow, an electric potential is induced due to the motion of charged particles, which increases linearly along the microchannel. This streaming potential generates an opposing conduction current in the core region of the channel as well as in the immediate vicinity of the walls, where the streaming current is negligible. The streaming potential varies in a nonlinear manner with the zeta potential at the walls such that a maximum potential exists at a certain zeta potential. The maximum potential is also observed to increase with both the applied pressure difference and the electric double layer thickness in the range studied. The presence of reservoirs adds significant complexity to this electrokinetic flow.
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Ton, T. N., T. T. Nguyen, A. V. Truong, and T. P. Vu. "Optimal Location and Size of Distributed Generators in an Electric Distribution System based on a Novel Metaheuristic Algorithm." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (2020): 5325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3372.
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This paper proposes a method for optimizing the location and size of Distributed Generators (DGs) based on the Coyote Algorithm (COA), in order to minimize the power loss in an Electric Distribution System (EDS). Compared to other algorithms, COA does not need control parameters during its execution. The effectiveness of COA was evaluated in an EDS with 33 nodes for two scenarios: the optimization of location and capacity of DGs in an initial radial configuration, and the best radial configuration for power loss reduction. Results were compared with other methods, showing that the proposed COA is a reliable tool for optimizing the location and size of DGs in an EDS.
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Xu, Zi Heng, Rui Ma, and Shu Kui Li. "The Influence Research of Complementarities of Electric Vehicles and Distributed Energy on Grid Spinning Reserve Capacity and Peak Regulation." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1623.
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This paper raises a model which concerns about spinning reserve capacity of output and predicted error based on chance-constrained programming. The distribution function is established on the load demand of electric vehicles. Considering the complementarities of electric vehicles and small hydro and wind power generations, this paper constructs a dispatch model on the participation of electric vehicles in reserve capacity and peak regulation. Joint operation of different units in the system achieved by genetic algorithm examines the influence from joint dispatch of electric vehicles and small hydro and wind power generations on spinning reserve capacity and peak regulation plan, setting different values of confidence to make comparison of electric charge in the entire system. According to the real operation statistics of an electric company in a certain province, the reliability and accuracy of the model was guaranteed.
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Bulatov, Yuri, Andrey Kryukov, and Aleksandr Cherepanov. "Mathematical models for determining limit operating modes in electrical networks with distributed generation plants." Science Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State Technical University, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1814-1196-2020-4-17-36.
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Decentralization of electricity generation based on distributed generation plants is an important segment of the new technology platform for the power industry. On the basis of this approach, significant positive effects can be obtained, which consist in reducing financial costs of energy supply, increasing the uninterrupted power supply, improving the quality of electricity and stimulating the use of renewable energy sources. Effective use of distributed generation in electric power systems requires the development of methods and tools that provide coordinated management of normal, emergency and post-emergency modes. Of particular relevance is the problem of determining the limit operating modes of networks, at the nodal points of which relatively low power generators are connected. In some situations, for example, when using small hydraulic stations, groups of such generators can be located at significant distances for 6-10-20 kV distribution networks from consumption centers. In this case there will be a noticeable limitation of the regions of static aperiodic stability. The article presents the results of developments aimed at implementing methods for determining the limit operating modes by static aperiodic stability in networks with distributed generation plants. The proposed approach is based on the limit modes equations which provide the formation of effective algorithms for the operational finding of points belonging to the boundaries of stability regions. The results of the construction of the indicated areas for a 6 kV electric network with distributed generation plants based on low-power hydraulic stations are presented. Additionally, the transient processes in the studied electric power system were simulated in the Matlab system for various space points of the controlled mode parameters.
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Hwang, Hsiu-Ying, and Jia-Shiun Chen. "Optimized Fuel Economy Control of Power-Split Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Particle Swarm Optimization." Energies 13, no. 9 (2020): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092278.
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This research focused on real-time optimization control to improve the fuel consumption of power-split hybrid electric vehicles. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) was implemented to reduce fuel consumption for real-time optimization control. The engine torque was design-variable to manage the energy distribution of dual energy sources. The AHS II power-split hybrid electric system was used as the powertrain system. The hybrid electric vehicle model was built using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation was performed according to US FTP-75 regulations. The PSO design objective was to minimize the equivalent fuel rate with the driving system still meeting the dynamic performance requirements. Through dynamic vehicle simulation and PSO, the required torque value for the whole drivetrain system and corresponding high-efficiency engine operating point can be found. With that, the two motor/generators (M/Gs) supplemented the rest required torques. The composite fuel economy of the PSO algorithm was 46.8 mpg, which is a 9.4% improvement over the base control model. The PSO control strategy could quickly converge and that feature makes PSO a good fit to be used in real-time control applications.
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Khodakovskyi, Oleksii, Larysa Levchenko, Vadym Kolumbet, Anna Kozachuk, and Dmytro Kuzhavskyi. "Calculation apparatus for modeling the distribution of electromagnetic fields of different sources." Advanced Information Systems 5, no. 1 (2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2021.1.04.
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The calculation apparatus acceptable for assumptions and simplifications and sufficient for errors of final results for modeling the propagation of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields spread over a certain area was proposed. It is shown that to model the propagation of ultra-low frequency electric and magnetic fields (monitors, uninterruptible power supplies, transformers, electric motors and generators) it is possible to consider these sources as dipole and dipole-quadrupole type sources. That is, the field of the local source can be considered as a combination of electric and magnetic dipoles. This makes it possible to delineate with sufficient accuracy the zones of exceeding the maximum allowable field strengths. The calculation apparatus used to determine the radiation intensities of civil aviation radar equipment was adapted to model the propagation of electromagnetic fields of very high and ultra-high frequencies. The calculations of coefficients that take into account the parameters of radiation patterns in the horizontal and vertical planes for the most common radiation sources are given. These ratios and corresponding coefficients can be used to determine the electromagnetic environment in the presence of many high-frequency sources (mobile communication base stations, navigation equipment, radio relay stations, etc.). The proposed approach allows to automate processes of designing the placement of electromagnetic, electronic and radio equipment in production areas and territories, as well as to assess the environmental impact at the stages of design work. This will make it possible to delineate the isolines of the limits of exceeding the maximum permissible levels of electric magnetic and electromagnetic fields for different frequency ranges and categories of equipment and to automatically determine the electromagnetic load at each point of the controlled space.
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Wang, Lu, Suleiman Sharkh, and Andy Chipperfield. "Optimal decentralized coordination of electric vehicles and renewable generators in a distribution network using A∗ search." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 98 (June 2018): 474–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.11.036.
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Soma, Gian Giuseppe. "Optimal Sizing and Placement of Capacitor Banks in Distribution Networks Using a Genetic Algorithm." Electricity 2, no. 2 (2021): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity2020012.
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Nowadays, response to electricity consumption growth is mainly supported by efficiency; therefore, this is the new main goal in the development of electric distribution networks, which must fully comply with the system’s constraints. In recent decades, the issue of independent reactive power services, including the optimal placement of capacitors in the grid due to the restructuring of the electricity industry and the creation of a competitive electricity market, has received attention from related companies. In this context, a genetic algorithm is proposed for optimal planning of capacitor banks. A case study derived from a real network, considering the application of suitable daily profiles for loads and generators, to obtain a better representation of the electrical conditions, is discussed in the present paper. The results confirmed that some placement solutions can be obtained with a good compromise between costs and benefits; the adopted benefits are energy losses and power factor infringements, taking into account the network technical limits. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for optimal placement and sizing of capacitor banks in distribution systems, with the definition of a suitable control pattern, have been proved.
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Kubota, Yoshiyuki, and Takamu Genji. "A Theory of Maximum Capacity of Distributed Generators Connected to a Distribution System Using Electric Power Density Model." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 125, no. 5 (2005): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.125.475.
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Kubota, Yoshiyuki, and Takamu Genji. "A theory of maximum capacity of distributed generators connected to a distribution system using electric power density model." Electrical Engineering in Japan 155, no. 3 (2006): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.20330.
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Antić, Tomislav, Tomislav Capuder, and Martin Bolfek. "A Comprehensive Analysis of the Voltage Unbalance Factor in PV and EV Rich Non-Synthetic Low Voltage Distribution Networks." Energies 14, no. 1 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010117.
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With the development of technology and the decrease in prices, power systems are facing a strong growth in the number of end-users with photovoltaics (PVs), battery storages and electric vehicles (EVs). A penetration of low carbon (LC) technologies has an impact not only on the financial aspect, but also on parameters of the power quality (PQ) in the power system. Since most of end-users with renewable energy sources (RES) are connected to a low-voltage (LV) distribution network, there is a high number of single-phase loads and distributed generators (DG) that can cause unwanted effects in LV networks. According to standards, electric energy must be of a certain quality in order to avoid harmful effects on the power system, being both the network or the end-users equipment. One of the PQ parameters is the voltage unbalance. Voltage unbalance occurs in networks with the high share of single-phase loads and generators. Since most loads in households are connected to the only one phase, the voltage unbalance is constantly present in the network, even without LC technologies. Single-phase connected PVs, residential battery storages and EV charging stations can increase voltage unbalance in the system. This paper systematically analyzes a real-world LV network and different stages and shares of connected PVs, residential battery storages and EVs to different phases. The value of the voltage unbalance factor (VUF) is observed for one week in January and August in 10-min intervals. It is shown that connected systems can significantly increase the VUF and potentially cause negative impact on the equipment and the power system as a whole. In turn we analyze a three-phase connection of these new LC technologies and demonstrate how in all analyzed cases PQ values remain within boundaries defined by the EN 50160 and the IEC 61000-3-13.