Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electric power distribution – South Africa

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Electric power distribution – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electric power distribution – South Africa"

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Baker, Lucy, and Jon Phillips. "Tensions in the transition: The politics of electricity distribution in South Africa." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418778590.

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This paper argues that the distribution of electricity represents an important yet neglected aspect of the politics of energy transitions. In recent years, South Africa’s electricity sector has seen the introduction of new actors and technologies, including the ‘prosumer’ (producer–consumer) of electricity and small-scale embedded generation from roof-top solar photovoltaics. We analyse these recent developments in historical context and consider implications for contemporary planning, regulation and ownership of electricity. We find that the reconfiguration of electricity distribution faces significant political and economic challenges that are rooted in the country’s socio-economic and racial inequalities and its heavy dependence on coal-fired power. First small-scale embedded generation offers potential opportunities for affordable, decentralised, low-carbon energy, yet disruption to the coal-powered electric grid and the monopoly of South Africa’s electricity utility has been minimal to date. Second, small-scale embedded generation creates tensions between equitable and low-carbon energy transitions and threatens critical revenue from the country’s wealthy consumers that cross-subsidises electricity services for the poor and other municipal public services. Third, the South African experience queries common assumptions about the democratic potential of decentralised governance. Fourth, South Africa provides insights of global significance into how political institutions have responded to social and technological drivers of change, in a context where planning and regulation have followed rather than led infrastructural developments. While energy policy remains unresponsive or resistant to social and technological change, there remain significant political, economic, technical and regulatory challenges to a just and inclusive energy transition.
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Masembe, Angela. "Reliability benefit of smart grid technologies: A case for South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 26, no. 3 (September 23, 2015): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2015/v26i3a2124.

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The South African power industry faces many challenges, from poor performing networks, a shortage of generation capacity to significant infrastructure backlog and an ageing work force. According to the Development Bank of South Africa (DBSA), the key challenge facing the industry is ageing infrastructure. Smart grid technologies are a class of technologies that are being developed and used by utilities to deliver electrical systems into the 21st century using computer-based remote control and automation. The main motive towards smart grid technologies is to improve reliability, flexibility, accessibility and profitability; as well as to support trends towards a more sustainable energy supply. This study identifies a number of smart grid technologies and examines the impact they may have on the distribution reliability of a test system. The components on the selected test system are the same as those found on a South African feeder. The bulk of the load in test system was modelled using load data collected in South Africa. This study will consider a number of different cases, with the base case incorporating the impact of aged infrastructure on the reliability of the system. The smart grid technologies were then introduced into the system and their impact on distribution reliability was determined. These different cases were also compared to the alternative of replacing the aged and worn out infrastructure with new infrastructure. The findings of this study indicate that the identified smart grid technologies improve the reliability of the system, mainly by decreasing the outage duration experienced by customers on the network. An even better performance was achieved when the ageing infrastructure was replaced with new infrastructure.
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G. A, Adepoju, Oshin Ola Austin, Kabir A. Lasisi, Ajayi Joseph Adeniyi, and Oluwasanmi Alonge. "Development of a Model for the Establishment of a Hydro Electric Power Generating Plant." Journal La Multiapp 1, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v1i3.207.

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Nigeria as a nation has suffered a lot when it comes to the availability of electricity. A clear comparison between this nation’s electric power supply and other countries revealed the present incessant electric power supply in the country. The average power per capital (watts per person) in the United States is 1,377 Watts. In Canada, it is as high as 1,704 Watts per person and in South Africa; it is 445 Watts per person. The average power per capital in Australia is 1,112 Watts and in New Zealand it is 1,020 W per person. Whereas, the average power per capital (watts per person) in Nigeria is 14 W person. The power system structure is characterized with a lot of faults and outages. These electric power problem has destroyed the industrial processes in the country. As a result, unemployment has increased in the country. As at February, 2020, according to the Federal Government of Nigeria, the number of unemployed youths in the country is 23 million. Data from the International Transparency in the United State stated that there are 40 million unemployed youths in the country. This has increased crime rates among the youths. The country experience a high level of hardship, insecurity and socio-economic disorder as results. Therefore, there is an urgent need to solve this incessant supply of electric power in the country. Hence, a detail study of Akure132/33kV substation Network of the Benin Electricity Distribution Company under which there are 84,264 customers was carried out.
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Gutschow, D., and M. O. Kachieng'a. "Making Business Sense of Distribution Automation Systems: The Case of Eskom, South Africa." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 20, no. 1 (February 2005): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2004.841215.

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Mzini, Loraine, and Tshombe Lukamba-Muhiya. "An assessment of electricity supply and demand at Emfuleni Local Municipality." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 25, no. 3 (September 23, 2014): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i3a2654.

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Globally, electricity has become a modern tool to supply energy to households. This study investigates the supply and demand of household electricity and sustainability of distribution centres at Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM). South Africa follows a vigorous programme of electrification, spearheaded by Eskom. Eskom is a South African state-owned power company which strives to meet the country’s increasing demand for energy. Resi-dential energy demand is growing as population levels rise and the number of households in ELM increases. Recently (2008–2010) in South Africa there have been unprecedented levels of load shedding nationally and there is a shortage of centres to purchase electricity. Furthermore, households do not receive uninterrupted electricity on a daily basis, largely because of stolen electrical cables and illegal connections. Low-income residents of Evaton, ELM, were interviewed. Empirical surveys were conducted and a theoretical exposition drawn up to meet the objectives of the study. It was found that electricity supply and demand in ELM is adequate but there is a shortage of selling points in Evaton and there are barriers towards the effectiveness of electricity consumption. In addition, public awareness programmes must continue to educate the communities to avoid stealing the electrical cables. Illegal connection must be reported to the local councillors for them to make sure that this activity is stopped in Evaton.
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Raji, Atanda, and Mohamed Tariq Kahn. "Analysis of distributed energy resources for domestic electricity users." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i2a3163.

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After over a century with utilization of the benefits of economics of scale, power systems planning and development gets bigger and transmission grids have needed to transmit wide bringing the concept of onsite or close-to-load generation back. The turnaround strategy is prompted by market liberalization, transmission expansion constraints, related technology advancements, environmental pollution, health hazards, fossil fuel depletion, and climate change concerns. In the last decade, many countries have started the process of liberalisation of the electric systems, opening access to transmission and distribution grids.Technical feasibility analysis of a hybrid energy system for two types of geographical regions in South Africa using Homer is performed in this paper. Wind-PV hybrid systems are modelled as a micro-power system using Homer. The simulation results analyses conducted for a typical middle income earner electricity load profile for both a coaster and inlander domestic users of electricity showed that Wind-PV hybrid system is technically feasible and economical.
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Ockwell, David, Robert Byrne, Joanes Atela, Victoria Chengo, Elsie Onsongo, Jacob Fodio Todd, Victoria Kasprowicz, and Adrian Ely. "Transforming Access to Clean Energy Technologies in the Global South: Learning from Lighting Africa in Kenya." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 4362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144362.

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As SDG7-related interventions seek to transform access to clean energy, this paper presents an analysis of both a previous transformative intervention (Lighting Africa) and a theoretical approach to understanding how such transformations can be achieved in the Global South (socio-technical innovation system, STIS, building). The paper makes four contributions. First, it tests the extent to which the STIS-building concept is useful in understanding and conceptualising how Lighting Africa transformed the market for solar lanterns in Kenya from an estimated market size of 29,000 lamps in 2009 to one where 680,000 Lighting Africa certified lamps were sold in Kenya by the end of the Programme in 2013. Second, it presents the most in-depth analysis of Lighting Africa that we are aware of to date. Third, it presents a conceptual framework that illustrates the Lighting Africa approach, providing a framework for future policy interventions aiming to transform access to clean energy technologies in the Global South. Fourth, it reflects on weaknesses in the STIS approach. In particular, these include a need to better attend to: the gendered implications of interventions (and social justice more broadly); implications of different scales of technologies; value accumulation and the extent to which interventions benefit indigenous actors and local economies; and the political and economic implications of any intervention and its distribution of benefits.
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Dijk, Marco van, Giovanna Cavazzini, Gideon Bonthuys, Alberto Santolin, and Jacques van Delft. "Integration of Water Supply, Conduit Hydropower Generation and Electricity Demand." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (August 1, 2018): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110689.

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South Africa is acknowledged to be not particularly endowed with the best hydropower conditions as it might be elsewhere in Africa and the rest of the world, however, large quantities of raw and potable water are conveyed daily under either pressurized or gravity conditions over large distances and elevations. There exists conduit hydropower generation potential in the water supply and distribution systems belonging to municipalities, water supply utilities and mines. Bloemwater, a water utility, constructed a stand-alone turbine, based on the available pressure and flow which generates a constant output ranging between 55 and 96 kW and when sufficient, supplies the head-office. Initially a manual changeover was utilized to switch between the hydropower and the local electricity supplier when the hydropower was insufficient to meet the demand i.e. switching of the full load from the one source to the other. To maximize the utilization of the hydropower, an automatic change over panel was developed to deal with the variable electricity demand from the office. The office building’s electrical distribution was divided into different distribution boards to allow each sector to be supplied and switched individually with 6, PLC controlled, motorized change-over switches. The PLC constantly evaluates and subsequently executes switching actions so that Bloemwater can utilize the maximum renewable hydropower, but also limits power interruptions to a minimum because of these switching actions. This technical paper describes the development of this conduit hydropower plant by evaluating the interrelationship of water supply, electricity demand and operating cycles, providing Bloemwater with the optimum solution with increased resiliency and sustainability.
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Nasir, Mashood, Hassan Abbas Khan, Irfan Khan, Naveed ul Hassan, Nauman Ahmad Zaffar, Aneeq Mehmood, Thilo Sauter, and S. M. Muyeen. "Grid Load Reduction through Optimized PV Power Utilization in Intermittent Grids Using a Low-Cost Hardware Platform." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091764.

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Renewable energy incorporation in many countries takes different forms. In many developed countries, grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) installations are widely coupled with lucrative Feed-in-Tariffs (FiT). However, conventional grid-tied solutions are not readily viable in many developing countries mainly due to intermittent grids with load shedding and, in some cases, lack of net-metering or FiT. Load shedding refers to an intentional electrical power shutdown by the utility company where electricity delivery is stopped for non-overlapping periods of time over different parts of the distribution region. This results in a non-continuous availability of the utility grid for many consumers over the course of a day. In this work, the key challenges in the integration of solar energy explicitly in residential power back-up units are reviewed and system hardware level requirements to allow optimized solar PV utilization in such intermittent grid environments are analyzed. Further, based upon the low-cost sensing and real-time monitoring scheme, an online optimization framework enabling efficient solar incorporation in existing systems to achieve minimum grid dependence in intermittent grid environments is also provided. This work is particularly targeted for over 1.5 billion residents of semi-electrified regions in South Asia and Africa with the weak and intermittent grid.
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Mosetlhe, Thapelo Cornelius, Adedayo Ademola Yusuff, and Yskandar Hamam. "Investigating seasonal wind energy potential in Vredendal, South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 29, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2018/v29i2a2746.

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Global warming and the energy crisis have necessitated an urgent exploitation and utilisation of renewable energy. Wind energy has gained popularity over the years because of vast availability of its resource. A study was carried out to investigate the stochastic characteristics of the available wind energy at installation sites. Data for a ten-minute interval wind speed collected over a period of five years and measured at a height of 10, 40 and 62 m in Vredendal was considered. Wind speed data was arranged in seasonal format and its statistical distribution investigated based on Weibull, lognormal and gamma distributions. The Anderson-Darling test and Akaike information criterion were used to evaluate the goodness of fit. The results showed that wind power at different heights and time stamps exhibited different statistical distribution. It was found that wind turbines in Vredendal must be installed as high as possible to harness wind power effectively. During summer and spring, there was a high potential for wind power availability compared with that of winter.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electric power distribution – South Africa"

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Okafor, Chukwuemeka. "Electricity generation, transmission and distribution policy: a comparative study of Nigeria (1960-2011) and South Africa (1960-2011)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007049.

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The electric power policies in Nigeria and South Africa are considered the governments’ intention to provide quality and affordable electricity to the people. A comparative study on the electric power policies focuses on the similarities and differences in the policy approaches, the policy issues that affect electrification, and the impact of the policy issues in achieving the goal of universal access to quality and affordable electricity power in both countries. The methodological approach allows for an in depth textual study on the electric power policy documents in both countries. In Nigeria, the government intends to address the massive demand-supply imbalance and achieve the goal of electrification through reforms that focus on private sector-led growth in the sub-sector. In South Africa, the identification of electrification as a public problem by the post apartheid government leads to an integrated policy framework that focuses on balancing economic concerns with social and environmental considerations. The study identifies electricity provision as a social welfare responsibility of the governments in both countries and examines the policy issues in the context of public welfare. In Nigeria, the policy issues are found to be self serving and not in line with sustainable public interest, given the socio-economic challenges. As a result they, exert less impact on achieving the goal of universal access to quality and affordable electricity in the country. In South Africa, good governance in the sub-sector has enabled the identification of policy issues in line with sustainable public interests of social equity, poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability; and government using public administration agencies to play a key role in service delivery. Recommendations of the study mainly derive from the South African experience on electrification, and are intended to offer some policy-lessons to Nigeria in the sub-sector. The study contributes to new knowledge in the discipline of public administration by opening up new vistas for a comparative analysis of electric power policy issues in both countries in the context of public welfare. Besides, a comparative study on electrification in Nigeria and South Africa from a policy angle contributes to the existing knowledge base in the discipline.
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Bukula, Mvuleni Joseph. "The influence of the electricity distribution restructuring on the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/928.

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The objective of this research is to assess the impact to the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality due to ongoing Electricity Distribution Industry Restructuring in South Africa as directed by the Electricity Distribution Industry Holdings on behalf of the Department of Minerals and Energy’s adopted Electricity Distribution Blue Print Report of 2001. Literature review of scholarly literature was conducted on privatisation of public utilities that offered an international perspective on experiences of other countries that has undergone similar experiences of restructuring of public assets, the state of Electricity Supply Industry in South Africa with the demonstration of structural financial and physical flows and historical background of the restructuring, proposed future model and strategic plans to achieve the future goals. Research methodology and design was done through combination of the four-research types classification in their order of sophistication except the predictive research, namely exploratory, descriptive, and analytical or explanatory researches with a further inclusion of deductive research. The compilation of data through questionnaires was also employed. Perceptions on internal impact to the NMBM due to electricity services restructuring were solicited from the sample of the top management of the NMBM, the intention was to ensure the economies of scale, greater transparency and competition in terms of service delivery were sustained during and beyond Regional Electricity Distributor establishment. Financial position of NMBM as a critical instrument for its progress has to be protected to ensure it fulfils its constitutional development mandate. The findings of the research were in strong support of ensuring operational financial viability; to meet the legitimate employment, economic and social interest of all employees; development and implementation of change management strategies; and NMBM assuming leading role in the process.
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Makawa-Mbewe, Patrick. "Rationalisation of electricity pricing in South Africa's electricity distribution industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51893.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African Electricity Distribution Industry is riddled with tariffs. Every utility in South Africa probably uses some method for allocating cost, whether it is theoretically founded or not. There are currently over 2000 different tariffs in South Africa and the need for rationalisation has been widely recognised and acknowledged. Many of these tariffs have not been the outflow of accepted methodologies but rather a function of individual utility policy and practices. There is however a dire need to standardise such methodologies in the future. A standardised methodology might be the only way to eventually rationalise the thousands of tariffs that exist in the electricity industry. Government has emphasised the importance of tariffs to be cost reflective in the future. The only possible way to reach this objective would be to determine clear and concise methods of allocating cost that can be utilised by the entire industry. This study project describes a standardised methodology for determining the cost to supply different customer categories in an electricity distributor. The methodology offers enough flexibility not to bind any party into laboursome, complex and time consuming costing activities. It does however require that the costs of a distributor are carefully investigated and all functions performed in the utility are isolated. This is referred to as ringfencing of costs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse Elektrisiteitverspreidingsbedryf het veelvuldige tariewe. Elke utiliteit in Suid-Afrika gebruik waarskynlik 'n metode vir kostetoedeling, wat nie noodwendig teoreties gebaseer is nie. Huidiglik is daar meer as 2000 verskillende tariewe in Suid-Afrika en dit word alom besef en erken dat gronde vir rasionalisering bestaan. Baie van die tariewe het nie ontstaan uit die gebruik van aanvaarbare berekeningsmetodes nie, maar was eerder die gevolg van individuele beleid en praktyke van utiliteite. Daar is 'n dringende behoefte om hierdie berekeningsmetodes in die toekoms te standardiseer. 'n Standaard metode mag die enigste manier wees om uiteindelik die duisende tariewe wat in die elektrisiteitsbedryf bestaan te rasionaliseer. Die regering het die belangrikheid dat tariewe in die toekoms koste reflekterend moet wees benadruk. Die enigste moontlike manier om hierdie doelwit te bereik, is om helder en duidelike metodes vir koste toedeling te bepaal vir gebruik deur die hele bedryf. Hierdie verhandeling beskryf 'n standaard metodologie om die koste te bepaal om verskillende klantegroepe in 'n elektrisiteitsverspreider van krag te voorsien. Die metodologie bied voldoende plooibaarheid om geen party aan arbeidintensiewe, kompleks en tydrowende kostebepalings te verbind nie. Dit vereis egter dat die koste van 'n verspreider noukeurig ondersoek word en dat alle funksies wat verrig word uitgelig word. Hierna word verwys as afbakening van kostes.
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Gqwaka, Aviwe Phelele Sebatian. "Efficiency analysis of electricity distribution by South African Municipalities: a cost frontier approach." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10299.

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Efficiency analysis in the public sector assesses the performance of municipal and government entities in their provision of services to the public. South Africa, in particular, has experienced a large degree of negative feedback with respect to the ability of the government and its municipal departments to provide basic services to citizens. This has led to a number of service delivery protests throughout the country. To remedy this, the ability of the municipality to provide basic services needs to be assessed in order for improvements to be made. A first step in this process would be to determine the efficiency with which municipalities are providing these services. This study focuses on a particular municipal service, namely electricity distribution. Primarily, the efficiency with which municipalities provide electricity to consumers is determined. This is achieved using the parametric cost frontier approach, which is appropriate since municipalities aim to reduce the costs incurred in distributing electricity. The municipalities are compared to a frontier (theoretical best practice) from which inferences on their performances can be made. Those municipalities whose performances are not optimal, deviate from the frontier. The deviations (errors) are then assumed to be caused by two factors, namely stochastic random noise and inefficiency. This composition accounts for effects for which municipalities cannot control (stochastic random noise) and those for which it can (inefficiency). The parametric nature of the cost frontier approach allows for distributional assumptions to be made on these factors. Stochastic random noise is always assumed to be normally distributed, while inefficiency is assumed to be one-sided and positively skewed.
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Mamphweli, Ntshengedzeni Sampson. "Implementation of a 150kva biomass gasifier system for community economic empowerment in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/262.

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There is growing interest in research and development activities on biomass gasification technologies as an alternative to fossil fuels technologies. However not much has been done in terms of technology transfer, particularly in under-developed and developing countries such as South Africa. This is mainly because of the lack of resources such as funding. Most parts of the under-developed and developing countries fall within rural areas and semi-urban centers, which are endowed with biomass resources. South Africa has a number of sawmill operators who generate tons of biomass waste during processing of timber; the large proportion of this is burned in furnaces as a means for waste management while a very small proportion is collected and used by people in rural areas for cooking their food. The majority of people in rural areas of South Africa are either unemployed or cannot afford the current energy services. The main aim of this research was to establish the viability of electricity generation for community economic development through biomass gasification, specifically using the locally designed System Johansson Biomass Gasifier™ (SJBG), and to establish the efficiency of the gasifier and associated components with a view of developing strategies to enhance it. The study established the technical and economic feasibility of using the SJBG to generate low-cost electricity for community empowerment. The study also developed strategies to improve the particle collection efficiency of the cyclone. In addition to this, a low-cost gas and temperature monitoring system capable of monitoring gas and temperature at various points of the gasifier was developed. The system was built from three Non- Dispersive Infrared gas sensors, one Palladium/Nickel gas sensor and four type K thermocouples. The study also investigated the impact of fuel compartment condensates on gasifier conversion efficiency. This is an area that has not yet been well researched since much has been done on energy recovery using combined heat and power applications that do not utilize the energy in condensates because these are produced in the gasifier and drained with chemical energy stored in them. The study established that the condensates do not have a significant impact on efficiency.
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Myoli, Mncedi Eric. "An evaluation of the quality customer service delivered by Eskom to rural household customers in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013564.

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[Abstract - Conclusion]: This research study confirms the theory in the literature review on delivery of quality service to customers and premise that there is a statistically significant difference between Eskom service as perceived by rural prepaid household customers and their expectations. This study also highlights the need for Eskom management to take into cognisance the unique rural prepaid customer service needs and how to meet them, perhaps a differentiated service approach rather than a one-strategy-fits-all approach. This is in view of gaps created between expectations and perceptions of service, especially in the reliability dimension that could require a concentrated or changed performance approach to close them.
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Malgas, Isaac. "Towards risk management in a deregulated and competitive electricity supply industry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53195.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The energy sector of the South African economy is poised to change in extraordinary ways. In just a few short years from now, the days will be gone when generators are guaranteed of their income and where regional distributors have the monopoly in the regions that they are servicing. Other energy markets in the world, such as oil and gas, have been free of regulation for many years. More recently, local policymakers have been focussing on increasing competition in the electricity sector and in so doing, liberate electric utilities from government's long established control. The shift away from government regulation of energy will lead to something even more important than placing downward pressure on the price of a MWh. It will instigate the development of multiple trading centres and platforms that are dedicated to competition in the free trade of electricity and related products. With the deregulation of the electricity supply industry and the inevitable introduction of competition, the real risks of energy trading will be faced by generators and distributors alike. This research investigates the changes that are set to occur within the next few years, based on developments that have unfolded in countries where electricity supply industries have been privatised and utilities and distributors are managing their risks in this new competitive environment. It explains how the South African Electricity Supply Industry may change with respect to the develop of markets which provide risk cover to industry players, the practices assumed by utilities in international electricity supply industries to minimise their risk exposure, and how industry players can use derivative instruments to manage their risks better.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die elektrisiteitsvoorsieningssektor is gereed om groot veranderings te maak. Binne 'n paar jaar, sal ons die einde sien van die dae waar kragstasies gewaarborg is van hulle inkomste en waar streeksvoorsieners die monopolie het in die streke waarin hulle verskaf. Ander energie markte in die wêreld, soos die van olie en natuurlike gas, is al sonder regulering vir baie jare. Meer onlangs het beleidsrade hul tyd toegewy aan die instelling van kompetisie in die elektrisiteitsvoorsieningssektor om utiliteitsmaatskappye vry te maak van staatsbeheer. Hierdie beweging weg van staatsbeheer sal lei na iets meer as net die afwaardse druk op die prys van 'n MWh. Dit sal die begin merk van die ontwikkeling van veelvoudige verhoë wat toegewyd is aan kompetisie in die vrye handel van elektrisiteit en soortgelyke produkte. Met die deregulering en die onvermydelike indiening van kompetisie, sal die ware risikos van energie handel aanvaar word deur voortbrengers en verskaffers van elektrisiteit. Hierdie navorsing stel ondersoek in die veranderings wat van plan is om te gebeur in die volgende paar jaar en is gebaseer op die ontwikkelinge wat in lande afgespeel het waar elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsnywerhede geprivatiseer is en waar voortbrengers en verskaffers van elektrisiteit hulle risikos bestuur in hierdie nuwe mededingende sektor. Dit verduidelik hoe die Suid-Afrikaanse elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsnywerheid mag verander teen opsigte van die ontwikkeling van markte wat risiko versekering aanbied vir utiliteitsmaatskappye, die praktyke wat deur hierdie spelers toegepas word om hulle blootstelling aan risikos te verminder, en ook hoe hulle afgeleide instrumente gebruik om hulle risikos beter te bestuur.
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MacColl, Barry. "Service quality importance-performance analysis as a strategic tool for management : the exploration of key customer satisfaction drivers in a South African electricity utility." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006972.

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This research was initiated due to declining customer satisfaction indices in the Southern region of Eskom, an electricity utility in South Africa. Given the link between customer satisfaction and purchase intentions, the sustainability of the business is at stake. The validity of the current MaxiCare survey tool is questioned and explored, as is the congruence of management and customers' perceptions regarding the key service quality constructs in the industry. The study's objective was to provide management with a reliable and valid customer satisfaction survey instrument as an alternate to the existing tool and to use the knowledge gained through the research process to recommend improvement strategies aimed at closing specific satisfaction gaps identified. The research was performed in two stages; firstly, semistructured interviews with customers and management to gain an understanding of the most important satisfaction dimensions. These influenced the design of a survey instrument based largely on the SERVPERF tool with the inclusion of importance ratings per item in the second stage. The quantitative survey results were used to assess the reliability and validity of the research and to suggest areas for future work. The results show that communication, quality of supply, assurance and price are uppermost in the consumer's mind. Tangibles are not significant and the inclusion of empathy is inconclusive. Management and customer perceptions at a macro level are closely aligned, however the two populations are not in agreement as to the underlying micro considerations. Similarly, the MaxiCare instrument is found to be valid as a macro indicator but lacks sufficient detail to be useful as a strategic tool and needs to be supplemented with additional sources of market information. The survey instrument used in the second phase is both descriptive and reliable but the number of factors it measures, the mix of items and the inclusion of the 'importance' dimension need further refinement to improve its validity. Future revisions of the tool will provide management with specific information that allows them to focus improvement strategies on disgruntled customers and their key service issues.
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De, Villiers Cecile A. "Demand for green electricity amongst business consumers in the Western and Northern Cape of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8473.

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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
Climate change is one of the most serious issues the world is facing today. With an economic slowdown globally, huge food shortages and record-high fuel prices, it has never been so important for countries to guard their natural resources to ensure future sustainability. The South African energy generation industry, of approximately 40 000 Mega Watt (MW), consists largely (90%) of coal-fired power stations, with the remainder comprising of nuclear and pumped storage schemes which are regarded as environmentally neutral. It is only recently that Eskom and independent power producers (e.g. Darling Independent Power Producer Wind farm with an estimated 10 MW) embarked on utilising South Africa's natural resources to generate electrical power. South Africa's access to inexpensive coal and paid off coal-fired power stations has made it difficult to justify the investment in renewable energy. However, on 31 March 2009 South Africa became the first African country to introduce a feed-in-tariff for renewable energy (Gipe, 2009). The hope is that this initiative would stimulate the investment in green energy generation. Eskom and municipalities are currently the only entities that have licences from the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) to buy bulk electricity from power producers. The question therefore arises: if green electricity is more expensive to generate and is sold at a price premium to Eskom and municipalities, would they pass the premium on to consumers; can they differentiate the green electricity product and will consumers be willing to buy at a premium price? This research study aims to answer if businesses would be willing to pay a premium for green electricity, why they would be willing to buy it, which factors influence the purchasing decision and what barriers exist that will deter a purchase. A survey was conducted on businesses in the Western and Northern Cape of South Africa. The businesses sampled have a notified maximum demand of 50kVA or higher and excludes the re-distributor (City of Cape Town) customers. Approximately ten per cent of businesses would be willing buy green electricity. Most of these businesses have indicated that they are willing to pay a premium of five to nine per cent for green electricity. The businesses that are willing to pay the largest premiums (>10%) are in the electricity, gas, water, finance, insurance, real estate, business services, manufacturing, transport, storage and communications sector. Businesses that are willing to buy green electricity: • Have a strategy to reduce their carbon footprint; • Want to be community leaders (altruistic motivators); • Have as their biggest barrier the additional cost of green electricity; and • Feel that power utilities should be required to include a minimum percentage of green energy in their energy mix.
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Kleynhans, Rodney. "The influence of atmospheric conditions on the detection of hotspots inside a substation yard." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/154.

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Thesis (M. Tech. Electrical engineering) -- Central University of technology, Free State, 2012
Infrared thermography is a non-contact method of identifying the thermal behaviour of various plant equipment and machines, including their components, qualitatively via pattern recognition and quantitatively via statistical analysis. This allows for the development of condition monitoring and predictive failure analysis. It is well established that optimized maintenance planning can be more effective when a problem is detected in the early stages of failure. For example, in electrical systems an elevated electrical resistance caused by loose or corroded connections, broken conductor strands and dirty contact surfaces, results in localized heating, and a unique infrared pattern when analysed leads to the location of the problem and an indication of its severity. In recent years industrial thermography has used infrared detectors in the long wave portion of the electromagnetic spectrum normally between 8μm and 15μm, due partly to the fact that these wavelengths are not susceptible to solar radiation and/or solar glint. A number of scientific experiments were carried out on test apparatus to improve the understanding of the impact of convection, ambient air temperature and relative humidity on resultant infrared thermal images. Two similar heat sources, simulating a hotspot, at different temperature settings were used to determine whether the hotspot temperature should also be considered in conjunction with the atmospheric elements. The need for these experiments has also been identified by EPRI (Electrical Power Research Institute) in the USA as necessary to develop international severity criteria, and it is hoped that this study will contribute to this goal.
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Books on the topic "Electric power distribution – South Africa"

1

McRae, Ian. The test of leadership: 50 years in the electricity supply industry of South Africa. Muldersdrift, South Africa: EE Publishers, 2006.

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South Africa) IEEE Power & Energy Society Conference and Exposition in Africa: Intelligent Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources (2012 Johannesburg. IEEE Power & Energy Society Conference and Exposition in Africa: Intelligent Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources (PowerAfrica 2012): Johannesburg, South Africa, 9-13 July 2012. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2012.

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Galen, Paul S. Electricity distribution industry restructuring, electrification and competition in South Africa. Golden, Co. (1617 Cole Blvd., Golden 80401-3393): National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1997.

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Klees, Andreas. Electricity law in South Africa. Cape Town: Juta, 2014.

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Tony Blood: Africa sacrificed for an agenda. [Kampala, Uganda]: Shalom Books, 2011.

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Africa, South. White paper on the report and recommendations of the Commission of Inquiry into the Supply of Electricity in the Republic of South Africa. [Pretoria: Govt. Printer, 1985.

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P, Mukheibir, Mwakasonda Stanford, Garg Amit, Halsnæs Kirsten, United Nations Environment Programme, and UNEP Risoe Centre on Energy, Climate, and Sustainable Development., eds. Electricity supply options, sustainable development, and climate change priorities: Case studies for South Africa. New Delhi: Magnum Custom Pub., 2007.

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South Africa) IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications (17th 2013 Johannesburg. 2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications (ISPLC 2013): Johannesburg, South Africa, 24-27 March 2013. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2013.

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Carlos, Balda Juan, Oliva Alejandro Raul, Electric Power Research Institute, Central and South West Corporation., and University of Arkansas (Fayetteville campus). Energy Conversion Laboratory., eds. The impact of dispersed generation on electric power quality at the Central and South West Services wind farm. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute, 1997.

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Lobell, Steven E. How Should the US Respond to a Rising China? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675387.003.0017.

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Realist Cold War foreign policy approaches emphasize the importance of aggregate measures and metrics of material and military capabilities in the international system. Realists argue that shifts in capabilities and changes in the distribution of power are dangerous and that aggregate power is fungible. These approaches have been carried forward into the post-Cold War period to forecast trends for a declining United States and a rising China or some combination of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). The chapter accepts the general logic of balance of power and power transition theories or aggregate power realism (APR) that shifts in capabilities and changes in power are dangerous.1 However, these approaches miss how state leaders assess power trends, the fungibility or usefulness of material capabilities, and that states rarely balance against concentrations of power. This chapter advances components of power theory that recast APR approaches.
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Book chapters on the topic "Electric power distribution – South Africa"

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Andreoni, Antonio, Nishal Robb, and Sophie van Huellen. "Profitability without Investment." In Structural Transformation in South Africa, 213–36. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894311.003.0010.

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Sustained investment in productive capabilities and fixed-capital formation is a key driver of inclusive and sustainable structural transformation. Both historically and compared to other middle-income countries, South Africa has performed poorly in terms of sustaining domestic-productive investments. This failing has coexisted with the development of a stock market with the second-highest level of capitalization over gross domestic product (GDP) in the world, and high levels of profitability across several economic sectors. This chapter provides new evidence on the specific ways in which financialization of non-financial corporations in South Africa has resulted in low investment performances, focusing on two large, publicly listed corporations operating across different economic sectors between 2000 and 2019. The analysis shows that, despite sector heterogeneities: (1) corporations have increasingly financed operations, capital expenditure, and distributions to shareholders with debt; (2) the US dollar-denominated share of this debt has grown rapidly, exposing corporations to increased exchange and interest rate risk; and (3) distributions to shareholders, driven by dividends rather than share repurchases, have risen markedly. These financialization dynamics are attributed to the distribution of power in the domestic political economy and the subordinate nature of South Africa’s integration with global finance. Driving financialization, these two mutually reinforcing factors have undermined the translation of profits into domestic investment, reducing its capacity to drive structural transformation.
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Barolsky, Kathy, and Cheraé Halley. "Liezel’s story – #NotInMyName: Playback Theatre in Post-apartheid South Africa." In Theatre and Democracy: Building Democracy in Post-war and Post-democratic Contexts, 239–59. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.135.ch12.

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This chapter explores a stop moment in light of a story told during a Playback Theatre performance (PT) in South Africa. The inquiry guiding this chapter asks: How may diffractive encounters through a stop moment in PT illuminate possibilities for dissensus? The stop moment is examined to reveal how the distribution of the sensible has impact on women’s lives in post-apartheid South Africa, through the eyes of two Drama for Life Playback Theatre members: Kathy as conductor and Cheraé who was one of the actors. It argues that for PT performers to redistribute the distribution of the sensible and to stage dissensus requires a recognition and understanding of power on multiple levels.
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Verhoef, Grietjie. "Forty years: protection, isolation, and diversification, 1945–1985." In The Power of Your Life, 89–153. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817758.003.0003.

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In tandem with international economic growth, Sanlam displayed progressive growth in the insurance and investment markets between 1945 and 1985. In a period of mounting political opposition against the National Party Government, international sanctions resulted in protectionist policies, which limited investment opportunities to the financial sector. Growing concentration and inward-looking industrial policies offered insurance companies investments outside insurance. Sanlam diversified extensively outside insurance in property and industrial conglomerates. By 1985 this portfolio called for strategic redirection. Afrikaner empowerment resulted in a notable presence of Afrikaners in industry and mining, with Sanlam as anchor shareholder. In 1954 the Sanlam Private Act terminated the parent relationship with Santam. Sanlam rose to the second position amongst long-term insurers in South Africa, using product innovation, technology, and distribution innovation.
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Verhoef, Grietjie. "Managing change: diversification and transformation, 1993–2003." In The Power of Your Life, 211–68. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817758.003.0005.

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As global insurance markets experienced a shift out of life assurance into new wealth products, Sanlam faced the same trend. Demutualization required more free capital than commanded by Sanlam, leading to an extended capital building programme, which ultimately fed into demutualization. Sanlam focused business operations on restructured business units, new distribution channels, and non-traditional markets. Serious attempts at bancassurance absorbed attention under severe market competition. Internationalization strategies failed to deliver to expectations. After listing in 1998, operational, management, and functional transformation occurred in a new South Africa. Statutory sanctioned empowerment policies chartered future company strategies. Implementation was delayed by the death of the CEO and an inexperienced successor. The company remained hamstrung by too-large exposures to a handful of big investments.
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Jarque, Eduardo. "Corporate Social Responsibility, Distribution Efficiency, and Environmental Sustainability by the World's Largest Bakery Business Group." In Cases on Corporate Social Responsibility and Contemporary Issues in Organizations, 201–14. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7715-7.ch012.

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This chapter describes the innovations in green energy generation and electric vehicles development in order to fulfill distribution and production sustainability needs by Grupo Bimbo, the largest bakery products company in the world. Grupo Bimbo, originated in Mexico, has one of the most extensive distribution systems in the entire globe. Although it has presence in 32 countries in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa, most of its revenues come from sales in Mexico and the United States. This chapter studies Grupo Bimbo's corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and strategies to increase its distribution efficiency in Mexico, while contributing to alleviate global warming and carbon-reduction constraints by producing its own electric vehicles and power them with in-house wind-generated energy. As a result of these initiatives, carbon footprint reductions of 104,400 tons of CO2e (equivalent to reducing the daily usage of 25,000 cars for one year) were achieved in 2016 alone.
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Jarque, Eduardo. "Corporate Social Responsibility, Distribution Efficiency, and Environmental Sustainability by the World's Largest Bakery Business Group." In Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions, 1544–57. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch066.

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This chapter describes the innovations in green energy generation and electric vehicles development in order to fulfill distribution and production sustainability needs by Grupo Bimbo, the largest bakery products company in the world. Grupo Bimbo, originated in Mexico, has one of the most extensive distribution systems in the entire globe. Although it has presence in 32 countries in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa, most of its revenues come from sales in Mexico and the United States. This chapter studies Grupo Bimbo's corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and strategies to increase its distribution efficiency in Mexico, while contributing to alleviate global warming and carbon-reduction constraints by producing its own electric vehicles and power them with in-house wind-generated energy. As a result of these initiatives, carbon footprint reductions of 104,400 tons of CO2e (equivalent to reducing the daily usage of 25,000 cars for one year) were achieved in 2016 alone.
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Conference papers on the topic "Electric power distribution – South Africa"

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DJEUMEN, Jules Simplice, Jeremiah Jesaja WALKER, and Nicholas John WEST. "A Study of Spatial distribution of the Electric Field under the Influence of Temperature with DC Supply." In 2019 Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference/Robotics and Mechatronics/Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robomech.2019.8704840.

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Adetunji, Kayode E., Ivan Hofsajer, Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz, and Ling Cheng. "Miscellaneous Energy Profile Management Scheme for Optimal Integration of Electric Vehicles in a Distribution Network Considering Renewable Energy Sources." In 2021 Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference/Robotics and Mechatronics/Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saupec/robmech/prasa52254.2021.9377012.

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Motepe, Sibonelo, Ali N. Hasan, Bhekisipho Twala, and Riaan Stopforth. "Using Deep Learning Techniques for South African Power Distribution Networks Load Forecasting." In 2019 International Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics (ACEMP) & 2019 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acemp-optim44294.2019.9007211.

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Carlo, L. "Distribution network management and telecontrol in South Africa." In 3rd International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management (APSCOM 95). IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19951292.

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Motepe, Sibonelo, Ali N. Hasan, Bhekisipho Twala, Riaan Stopforth, and Nancy Alajarmeh. "South African Power Distribution Network Load Forecasting Using Hybrid AI Techniques: ANFIS and OP-ELM." In 2019 International Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics (ACEMP) & 2019 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acemp-optim44294.2019.9007218.

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Adetan, Oluwumi, and Thomas J. Afullo. "Three-Parameter Raindrop Size Distribution Modeling for Microwave Propagation in South Africa." In Power and Energy Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2012.761-027.

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Motepe, Sibonelo, Ali N. Hasan, Bhekisipho Twala, and Riaan Stopforth. "Power Distribution Networks Load Forecasting Using Deep Belief Networks: The South African Case." In 2019 IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (JEEIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jeeit.2019.8717434.

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Mosetlhe, Thapelo C., Adedayo A. Yusuff, Yskandar Hamam, and Adisa A. Jimoh. "Estimation of Wind Speed Statistical Distribution at Vredendal, South Africa." In Environment and Water Resource Management / 837: Health Informatics / 838: Modelling and Simulation / 839: Power and Energy Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2016.839-017.

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Motepe, Sibonelo, Bhekisipho Twala, and Riaan Stopforth. "Determining South African distribution power system big data integrity using fuzzy logic: Power measurements data application." In 2017 Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa and Robotics and Mechatronics (PRASA-RobMech). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robomech.2017.8261137.

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Roycroft, C. D., and A. A. Yusuff. "Development of Weather Invariant Electric Power Transformer Oil Purification System." In 2021 Southern African Universities Power Engineering Conference/Robotics and Mechatronics/Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa (SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saupec/robmech/prasa52254.2021.9377025.

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