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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric power production – Nigeria'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Akuru, Udochukwu B., and Ogbonnaya I. Okoro. "Economic implications of constant power outages on SMEs in Nigeria." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 25, no. 3 (September 23, 2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2014/v25i3a2658.

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This paper is concerned with the unabated epileptic power (electric) delivery which is seen to be periodic with a struggling generation capacity and losses-prone inefficient transmission network in Nigeria. Ordinarily, it should mean that only an average Nigerian suffers directly, and only, the burden of this inefficiency, whereby electricity supply to power both household and commercial appliances becomes unpredictable. Yet, further studies have revealed that there is almost no other sector that this ineptitude does not impact indirectly, especially as adverse economic consequences. GDP per Capita versus electrical energy production data for Nigeria and selected countries for the year 2004 served as input parameters which underwent research validation. Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) were a case study in this paper. In the end, submissions are that apart from the internal devastating effect on SMEs, constant power outages have a major connection with the recent trends of big companies closing or relocating from Nigeria. To sum up, measures were suggested for improvement.

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2

Mohammed, Nuhu, Ademola Bello Adisa, Mohammed Ahmed Bawa, and Habou Dandakuta. "Design of Wind/Diesel Generator Micro-Grid Power System in Kano, Nigeria, Using Homer." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.36 (May 6, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.36.29072.

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A micro-grid system has been designed using wind/diesel generators power sources. The system is aimed to cater for the electricity demand of Kwankwasiyya city Kano, Nigeria. The city has about 400 housing units with average daily electricity demand of 10000 kWhr. The project employed the use of homer, a software that performs Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables. The most appropriate system architecture was chosen from the optimisation result based on the selection factors set (initial investment cost, total electrical production to site primary demand ratio and so on). A system comprising single wind turbine (800 kW), and two generators of 400 kW and 300kW has been selected based on the selection criteria. The electrical output shows that 82% of the total production will be consumed onsite with the remaining would be sold to the grid. The system has a cost of energy value of 0.279 kWh with net present cost of about $11,000,000. The system is economically viable considering the need of reliable power in the region even though, the price of the electricity is higher than what is obtainable from the grid.

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3

Erhun, Mercy O., and Daniel O. Johnson. "A Legal Framework for Sustainable Electrical Energy Industry in Nigeria." Energy and Environment Research 8, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v8n2p45.

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Nigeria has fairly adequate endowment of energy resources, yet the country is lagging behind in terms of access to reliable and affordable energy supply. The country faces serious challenges as a result of declining electricity generation from domestic power plants. This steady decline has led to a near failure of the electric power sector. Electricity supply required to place Nigeria on the path of economic growth and sustainable development is in very short supply. The country has just 45 electrification rate, with only 54.7% of her population electrified as at 2016. More than 80 million people are still without access to electricity with frequent power failure. This has contributed to the slow economic growth currently experienced in Nigeria. Regular power supply is the hallmark of a developed economy. Nigeria is blessed with energy resources which could be harnessed to provide various modern energy services and which could have played essential role in the effort to alleviate poverty in the country. There is failure to mobilize the required resources for the development of energy resources in Nigeria. Around 1,500MW of Nigeria’s hydropower potential is currently being used, contributing to about 30% of the total amount of electricity produced. The large amount of gas associated with oil exploration operations is being wasted through flaring instead of being valuably used for power generation and industrial processes. Current patterns of production and consumption of energy are not sustainable. This paper highlights the importance of sustainable electric energy development in attaining sustainable development in Nigeria.

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Salau, Wahab, and Paul Ifatokun Ifabiyi. "HYDRO-GEOMORPHIC FACTORS AND THE POTENTIAL OF HYDROKINETIC POWER PRODUCTION UPSTREAM OF IKERE GORGE DAM, NIGERIA." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i1.9511.

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The operation of hydrokinetic turbine depends on river flow and pressure head (∆H) which are of high potential in many parts of Nigeria. This study attempts the analysis of the potential of the area upstream of Ikere Gorge dam for hydrokinetic potential. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to determine the hydrological parameters of the sub-basins. Pearson Moment Correlation and linear regression methods were used to find the relationships between morphometric properties and the discharge parameters. Hydrological modeling and statistical computations were done to estimate the theoretical potential of the catchment. The result shows that River Oshe has 9.542 MW, which is the highest potential while River Konsun with 1.161 MW has the lowest potential Pearson Moment Correlation shows that there is strong positive relation of 0.7 between slope and pressure head (∆H) at 0.05 significant levels. The result of the multiple regression show that hydro-geomorphic factors explained 59.1% of the variance in the explanation of hydrokinetic power potential upstream of Ikere gorge dam. References Alaska Center for Energy and Power (ACEP) (2011). Hydrokinetic energy (In-River, Tidal and Ocean Current), Retrieved from http://energy-alaska.wikidot.com/ on April 20th, 2014 Aschenbrenner, F. (2008). Innovation on traditional waterwheels for renewable energy // Power electronics and motion Control conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, pp.1625 Bahleda, M., and Hosko, M. A. (2007). Assessment of water power potential and development Needs: Electric power research institute, California Bhattacharya, A.K., and Bolaji, G.A. (2012). Fluid Flow Interactions in Ogun River, International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, 2 (2): 22-23. Electric Power Research Institute, EPRI (2012). Fish passage through turbine: Application of convectional hydropower data to hydrokinetic technology Palo Alto, USA Energy Information Administration (2014). Retrieved on Dec. 20th, 2014 from www.eia.gov/electricity Epler, J. (2010). Tidal Resources characteristics from acoustics Doppler current profiler, An Unpublished M.Sc.Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, USA Evan, M. (2012). Hydrokinetic Power: An Analysis of Its Performance and Potential in the Roza and Kittas Canals. An Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, the Evergreen State College, USA Ifabiyi, I.P. and Wahab, S. (2017). Theoretical potential of hydrokinetic energy in the Upper Ogun and Upper Kaduna River basins, Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 19 (1): 242-256. Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, USA. ISSN: 1520-5509. Jsd-africa@clarion.edu Kosnik, L. (2008). The Potential of Water Power in the Fight against Global Warming in the USA, Energy policy, doi: 10.1016/ J. enpol. (05), 009. Kusakana, K., and Vermaak, H. J. (2013). Hydrokinetic Power Generation for Rural Electricity Supply: Case of South Africa. Renewable Energy, 1 (55): 467-73. Ladokun, L.L., Ajao, K.R., and Sule, B.F. (2013). Hydrokinetic Energy Conversion System: Pros -pects and Challenges in Nigerian Hydrological setting, Nigerian Journal of Technology, 3 (32): 538-549. Miller, V.B, Ramde, E.W., Grandoville, R.T., and Schaefer, L.A. (2010). Hydrokinetic Power for Energy Access in Rural Ghana, Renewable Energy International Journal, 1(36): 671-675. Mohibullah, M., Radzi, A. M., and Hakim, M.I.A. (2004). Basics Design Aspects of Micro Hydropower Plant and Its Potential Development in Malaysia // Power and Energy Conference, Kualar Lumpur, pp. 220-223. Neitsch, S.L, Arnold, J.G., Kiniry, J.R and Williams, J.R. (2009). Soil and Water Assessment Tool Theoretical Documentation Version 2009 Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory-Agriculture Research Service, Blackland Research Center- Texas Agrilife Research., USA. Ofuani, A.I. (2013). Combating climate change through renewable energy legislation in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges. Paper Presented at university of Ilorin/ UCC (Ghana) International Conference held at university of Ilorin. May 1st-4th 2011. Stephen, V.A, Paul, T.A., and Daniel, J.G. (2012). Survival and Behaviour of Fish interacting With Hydrokinetic Turbines, 9th ISE, Vienna, USA Vermaak, H.J., Kusakana, K., and Koko, S.P. (2013). Status of Micro-hydrokinetic River Technology in Rural Applications: A Review of literature: Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 29(14): 625-633. Wahab, S., Ifabiyi, I.P. and Adeogun, A.G. (20017). SWAT analysis of Ikere Gorge Basin for Hydrokinetic power estimation in selected rural settlement of Oke Ogun, Nigeria. Ruhuna Journal of Science. 8(2):24-43 Ruhuna, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. eISSN: 2536-8400. DOI: http//:doi.org/10.4038/rjs.v8il. Copyright (c) 2018 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

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Openjin, Adenike, and K. David Pijawka. "Regenerating Waste to Energy: A Scenario-Based Assessment of Lagos, Nigeria." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (September 9, 2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v5i2.9822.

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<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">This study uses scenario-based approaches to assess the regenerative capacity of transforming organic wastes into electric power for the City of Lagos, Nigeria. Lagos represents a rapidly growing city with a population of 21 million in a developing country where serious shortages are experienced in producing sufficient electric power. As in many developing countries, rapid urbanization has lead to mismanagement of solid waste disposal, illegal deposal methods, issues in landfill infrastructure, and inefficiencies in developing recycling industries and other regenerative systems. This paper examines the feasibility of regenerating organic waste into electricity by projecting the volume of methane gas that could have been harvested in two closed landfills and one still operating landfill. The analysis applies the United States Environmental Protection Agency Landfill Gas Emissions Model (U.S. EPA LandGEM) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models to measure waste to methane gas generation by developing data on organic waste capture, landfill physical characteristics and factors for methane production, and the quality of waste management. Utilizing existing conversion models, the methane gas amounts are assessed in terms of potential electricity generation. The study also projected the waste-to-energy production of three new proposed landfills in Lagos from 2017 to 2050 and found that methane-produced electricity could meet the later energy demands of the city.<strong></strong></span></p>

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Sobamowo, Gbeminiyi M., and Sunday J. Ojolo. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomass Energy Utilization through Gasification Technology for Sustainable Energy Production and Economic Development in Nigeria." Journal of Energy 2018 (October 18, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4860252.

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Nigeria has not been able to provide enough electric power to her about 200 million people. The last effort by the federal government to generate 6000 MW power by the end of 2009 failed. Even with the available less than 6000 MW of electricity generated in the country, only about 40% of the population have access to the electricity from the National Grid, out of which, urban centers have more than 80% accessibility while rural areas, which constitute about 70% of the total population, have less than 20% of accessibility to electricity. This paper addresses the possibility of meeting the energy demand in Nigeria through biomass gasification technology. The techno-economic analysis of biomass energy is demonstrated and the advantages of the biomass gasification technology are presented. Following the technical analysis, Nigeria is projected to have total potential of biomass of about 5.5 EJ in 2020 which has been forecast to increase to about 29.8 EJ by 2050. Based on a planned selling price of $0.727/kWh, the net present value of the project was found to be positive, the cost benefit ratio is greater than 1, and the payback period of the project is 10.14 years. These economic indicators established the economic viability of the project at the given cost. However, economic analysis shows a selling price of $0.727/kWh. Therefore, the capital investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and fuel cost can be reduced through the development of the gasification system using local materials, purposeful and efficient plantation of biomass for the energy generation, giving out of financial incentives by the government to the investors, and locating the power plant very close to the source of feedstock generation.

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7

Utomalaki, J. B., and U. A. Oyibu. "ECONOMICS OF PORK RETAILING OPERATIONS IN SOME MAJOR TOWNS IN EDO AND DELTA STATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR INCREASING LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 22, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v22i2.2440.

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This study examined the economics of the retailing operations in the livestock industry in Nigeria with a view to finding out how the last link in the marketing system of livestock products could be used to enhance increased livestock production. Fifty-five pork retailing establishments were interviewed in four major towns in Edo and Delta States. Findings showed that the business was economically viable, the returns to management per year per trader was ₦33,350. About 32% of the respondents could not meet up with the demand for the product. It was also revealed from the study that ₦180, 237 was spent annually per trader in the business, 95% of the amount was used to buy the meat for sale. The major constraints of the business were inadequate supply of the product, high cost of pigs, finance, and inconsistent electric power supply. There is the need to increase the supply of pork in the States by reducing existing constraints reasonably. This could be achieved through favorable mix of macroeconomic policies that will enhance livestock production in Nigeria.

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8

Oyedepo, Sunday Olayinka, Theophilus Uwoghiren, Philip Olufemi Babalola, Stephen C. Nwanya, Oluwaseun Kilanko, Richard Olufemi Leramo, Abraham K. Aworinde, Tunde Adekeye, Joseph A. Oyebanji, and Olatunde A. Abidakun. "Assessment of Decentralized Electricity Production from Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Energy Development in Nigeria." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0009.

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AbstractThis paper presents technical and economic assessment of a hybrid energy system for electricity generation in rural communities in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The study was based on a 500 rural household model having an electric load of 493 kWh per day. To simulate long-term continuous implementation of the hybrid system, 21 years (1992 – 2012) hourly mean global solar radiation and wind speed data for the selected sites were used. The mean annual wind speed and solar radiation for the locations ranged from 2.31 m/s for Warri to 3.52 m/ s for Maiduguri and 4.53 kWh/m2 for Warri to 5.92 kWh/m2 for Maiduguri, respectively. These weather data were used for simulation with the Micro-power Optimization Model software HOMER. From the optimum results of the hybrid system,Warri has the highest NPC and COE of $2,441,222 and $0.721/kWh, respectively while Maiduguri has the least NPC and COE of $2,225,387 and $0.658/kWh, respectively for the 21 years project lifespan. The high value of COE for Warri is due to its low renewable energy resource while low COE for Maiduguri is due to its high renewable energy resource. The Northern part of the country has ample renewable energy resource availability and with a strong political will, optimal utilization of these renewable resources (solar and wind) can be actualized. Researchers, Industrialists, Policy Makers and the Nigerian government should therefore seize this opportunity in developing a sustainable energy through utilization of abundant renewable energy resources in the country.

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9

Ademola Sonibare, Jacob, Jamiu Adetayo Adeniran, Bamidele Sunday Fakinle, Ismaila O. Latinwo, Lukuman Adekilekun Jimoda, and Olusesan Abel Olu-Arotiowa. "Ambient noise from off-grid diesel engines electric power generators in an urban environment." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-12-2012-0078.

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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of the noise from the diesel engine power generators used for production activities in an urban environment. Design/methodology/approach – This study has used the Enterprise Edition of NoiseMap 2000 Version 2.7.1 to investigate the impacts of the noise from the diesel engines electric power generators used in a factory in Ikorodu, an urban environment in Lagos, Nigeria. Five sections of the factory with diesel engines electric power generators were considered. The immediate and distant environments covering about 10 km of the factory host environment were considered as receptors to the noise for this study. Findings – It was found out that when all the generators operate simultaneously in the factory, the ambient noise was 30.0-152.5 dB(A) with the minimum contribution within the factory being 70.0-84.4 dB(A) and the maximum contribution of 57.2-70.8 dB(A) outside the factory fence line. Though the maximum noise is 152.5 dB(A), the maximum noise of 70.8 dB(A) beyond the fence line shows a compliance with 70 dB(A) industrial and commercial area limit but breaches the 45 dB(A) and 55 dB(A) residential area limit of the World Bank. Research limitations/implications – As much as it would be desirable ambient noise level could not be measured in all the receptors’ locations covered by the modeling. However, the capability of the modeling software adopted makes this to have no negative impact on the quality of the findings of this study. Practical implications – The study will assist the public to determine the noise level safe region around diesel engine electric power generators. Originality/value – The paper highlights the challenges in which ambient noise from the use of off-grid generators used for industrial purposes could pose to the neighboring receptor environments.

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Osetoba, Segun Adebisi, Nkoi Barinyima, and Rex Amadi. "Reduction of Crude Oil Production Cost in Nigerian Indigenous Company using Activity Based Costing." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.1.1077.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of activity based costing in reducing crude oil production cost in Nigerian indigenous oil and gas company. This research work identified strategies to effectively reduce the cost of crude oil production by adopting a cost reduction tool for crude oil production and to establish a good crude oil flow to the surface for production. Activity based costing was the cost reduction tool used for this work. The tool helps to differentiate between value added costing and non-value added costing. Non-value added costs must be reduced or eliminated during production so as to maximise profit. Data was collected from an indigenous oil service company. The collated data were tabulated and graphs were plotted with the aid of Microsoft excel. The analysis revealed a total sum of ₦ 416,978,977 was wrongly spent for a duration of three years on crude oil production due to non-value added costing. The activities are: poor transportation of crude oil, that is, use of mobile tanker for haulage instead of laying 4 inches coated pipes for a distance of 5km and contracting the treatment of produced water to a contractor instead of setting up a water treatment plant. Also, using a diesel engine generator for electric power supply while gas was available as a fuel gas for natural gas consuming generator was a non-value added activity. Lastly, inadequate oil well flowing practice by flowing the well through an adjustable choke for a long period of time instead of using a fixed choke. This is a huge loss for indigenous oil producing fields operated by an indigenous oil service company in Nigeria. The loss was due to inability of the producers/field location owners to set up few equipment to meet up with complete operation standard.

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Enyi, C. G., and D. Appah. "Maximizing Generated Energy Usage through Combined Cycle Cogeneration." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.415.

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Case studies from two Nigerian hydrocarbon processing industries, where gas turbine generators (GTG) were used for power generation were analyzed. The first study analyzed a simple cycle power generation where the GTG produced 25 MW of electricity and three separately fired boilers produced the required process steam. The second study analyzed a combined cycle (cogeneration) where the same GTG that produced 25 MW of electricity also generated 90700 Kg/hr of steam from the turbine exhaust gas. The study shows that cogeneration (combined cycle) satisfied all the electric power and steam requirements of the plant. Simple cycle only satisfied the electric power requirement. Other disadvantages of simple cycle show that over 60% of the generated energy is lost to the environment in form of heat. A loss in production worth over $6,182,400 as a result of failure in a separately fired boiler was calculated. The study concludes that cogeneration must be undertaken with an awareness of energy system expansion, generation costs and the need for industrial energy consumption of a given plant.

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Ibikunle, RA, IF Titiladunayo, SO Dahunsi, EA Akeju, and CO Osueke. "Characterization and projection of dry season municipal solid waste for energy production in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 39, no. 8 (April 28, 2021): 1048–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20985599.

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This research investigates the quantity of municipal solid waste produced during the dry season, and its characterization at Eyenkorin dumpsite of Ilorin metropolis, along the Lagos-Ilorin express way. The physicochemical and thermal compositions of the combustible fractions of municipal solid waste were analysed, to ascertain the available calorific value. In this research, the quantity (tonnes) of waste generated, the rate of generation (kg per capita per day), its sustainability and the likely energy and power potentials in the dry season, were essentially predicted. The population responsible for municipal solid waste generation during this study was 1,120,834 people. During the characterization study from November 2018 to February 2019, it was established that 203,831 tonnes of municipal solid waste was produced during the four months of the dry season, at the rate of 1.12 kg per capita per day. It was found that 280 tonnes/day of municipal solid waste with low heating value of 19 MJ kg-1, would generate 1478 MWh of heat energy and 18 MW of electrical energy potentials discretely, and grid of 13 kW.

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Itodo, Isaac N., Dorcas K. Yakubu, and Theresa K. Kaankuka. "The Effects of Biogas Fuel in an Electric Generator on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Power Output, and Fuel Consumption." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 4 (2019): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13394.

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Abstract. The rising cost of fossil fuels, global warming from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, unreliable grid supply electricity, and overdependence on hydropower electricity have resulted in low electricity per capita in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to produce, purify, and use biogas as a fuel to generate electricity with a 3.5 kW spark-ignition engine generator and determine its effect on GHG emissions, power output, and fuel consumption. Unpurified and purified biogas were used as fuels. The biogas was purified in water and in a calcium chloride solution. The fuels used to power the generator were gasoline, unpurified biogas, water-purified biogas, and calcium chloride-purified biogas. The GHGs measured were carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide. The biogas was produced with a 3 m3 capacity floating-drum biogas plant. The total solids concentration and carbon/nitrogen ratio of the influent and effluent slurries were determined. The effects of fuel type on GHG emissions were determined in a 4 × 4 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The effects of fuel type on power output and fuel consumption of the generator were determined in a 4 × 2 factorial experiment with three replicates in a completely randomized design. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance at p = 0.05. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate means when there was significant difference. The results obtained showed that carbon dioxide emission was not affected by purification of the biogas because the carbon dioxide emissions from the fuel types were not significantly different. The carbon monoxide emission was much higher from the unpurified biogas than from the purified biogas fuels, although gasoline had the highest carbon monoxide emission. The water-purified biogas had the least carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide emissions. The unpurified biogas had the least nitrogen oxide emission compared to the purified biogas fuels and gasoline. The power output from the unpurified biogas was not significantly different from that of gasoline and was higher than the purified biogas fuels. The fuel consumptions of the purified biogas fuels were not significantly different. The water-purified biogas is recommended for use as fuel for the production of electricity from a spark-ignition engine generator. Keywords: Biogas, Effects, Electricity, Fuel consumption, Greenhouse gas emissions, Power output.

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Ebhota*, Williams S,, and Pavel Y. Tabakov. "Simplified and Precise Design of Crossflow Turbine Power Transmission Components." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c2136.0210321.

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Despite the merits of small hydropower (SHP), coupled with the perennial inadequate and unreliable electricity supply in SSA, the huge SHP potential in the region is hugely untapped. This is largely attributed to the lack of adequate technical components for the development of SHP turbines, which are: technical personnel, and production facilities in the region. The hydraulic power possessed by flowing water in SHP resources can be harnessed and transformed into usable electrical energy via the deployment of a hydro turbine plant. Commonly used hydro turbines include crossflow (CFT), Pelton, Turgo, and Francis turbines. Amongst these turbines, CFT is mostly applied in low head sites and has efficiency ranging from 70–85%. The CFT power transmission subsystem is considered vital to its performance; the shaft, which transmits the generated motion to drive the alternator, is the most critical part of the CFT transmission subsystem and it requires careful design and production processes. This study centres on the development of a simplified systematic design process for power transmission shaft, pulley, and belt, to facilitate CFT power generation efficiency. .Further, the study is geared towards boosting CFT technology capacity domestically for the benefit of local production. The hydrological properties of the Ayiba SHP site in Osun state, Nigeria, were adopted for this work as a case study. The head and power for this resource are 11.8 m and 122.4 kW, respectively, and are served as the fundamental parameters for the design of the power transmission subsystem. The design computation shows that a shaft of diameter 65 mm and a D-type of V-belt with a corresponding pulley will be required to transmit the generated turbine power to the alternator. A 3-D model was created based on the design values and this was used to validate the integrity of the shaft by static stimulation. The simulation result, which is based on von Mises was satisfactory as the highest stress obtained in the shaft was 205 N/mm2; resulting in a 2.6 factor of safety.

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Abolarin, S. M., Manasseh Babale Shitta, O. Gbadegesin, Chimaobi Daniel Nna, Charles Asirra Eguma, Babatunde Onafeso, and Oluwole Adegbenro. "An Economic Evaluation of Energy Management Opportunities in a Medium Scale Manufacturing Industry in Lagos." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 14 (March 2015): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.14.97.

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This paper seeks to increase interest level on energy efficiency by bringing to fore payback-period assessment of implementing energy-efficient measures that could help achieve sustainable production processes in a typical medium scale printing manufacturing industry in Lagos, Nigeria. Several energy efficiency measures have been suggested based on identifiable energy management opportunities within this industry. The method used for the economic evaluation and feasibility study is payback period; this approach is aimed at providing guidance for a quick and informed decision on the implementation of the energy efficiency measures identified. The payback for two of these measures namely; turning off equipment when not in use and replacement of drive belts on large motors with energy efficient cog belts, have been found to be immediate. When standard fluorescent lighting and incandescent bulbs are replaced with energy efficient lamps and bank of capacitors are installed to improve the power factor of the motors, the company will recoup its initial investment in less than one year. Also, purchasing and installing an advanced electronic meter with data logging capability to help monitor electrical demand has been shown to give the highest payback of 2.4 years. These payback period results have indicated that investment in the recommended energy efficient technologies are economically viable and worthy of implementation. With this analysis, management of manufacturing industries can now make informed economic decision towards productivity improvement and sustainability.

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Akinnuli, B. O., and T. C. Akintayo. "An Empirical Model for Industrial Generator’s Capacity Requirement Determination." Engineering Management Research 4, no. 2 (October 19, 2015): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/emr.v4n2p70.

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<p>In our community today, the existence of Power Holding Company of Nigeria can only help for a short period when it is available. In some areas, it is not available at all. Therefore, there is always need for generator as back up or continuous use in our industries. Determination of capacity of generator to procure is always a problem. Some company by error purchased generators that cannot carry the load of their industries. This always led to load shed either on machines or the entire facilities they have. This is due to the fact that the capacity of the generator required was not predetermined and also the expansion of the companies in the nearest future was not considered. This had contributed to the low productivity of many companies because of their inability to meet their monthly as well as yearly production targets. Hence the development of a model for the appropriate generator capacity selection for industrial installation which is empirically oriented. Developing an empirical model for this selection involves adequate understanding of electrical load distributions, variations and utilities connected to the electrical load of the generator. Parameters for industrial generator capacity were identified, mathematical model for each parameter were determined and integrated to form a unique model for decision making. The identified parameters are: capacity utilization, diversity factors, deration factor and usage type. The scenarios for computation were three based on the type of load required. This load were identified to be existing load, new and future loads. The developed models were applied using Honeywell foods (FMCG) company as case study under the first scenario. The load analysis for both the non-factory and factory load gave Summation of 531.47kW with power factor of 0.8 gave a converted value of 664.34kVA. The total variation factor gotten is 0.765 with 0.85 capacity utilization factor and diversity factor was 0.9. Application of total variation factor gave the converted load of 664.kVA and new load value of 508 kVA. Using power factor of 0.8 resulted into 406kW the generator considerations were derating factor of 0.75 and usage type factor (which is continuous) is 1 or 100%. The final determined generator capacity for this case study using derating factor of 0.75 made the required capacity to be 677kVA, and 542kW.</p>

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17

Eti, M. C., S. O. T. Ogaji, and S. D. Probert. "Reliability of the Afam electric power generating station, Nigeria." Applied Energy 77, no. 3 (March 2004): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(03)00094-1.

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18

Akarakiri, Joshua B. "Private electric power generation as an alternative in Nigeria." Energy 24, no. 5 (May 1999): 445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-5442(98)00094-2.

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19

Fouhad, Chaimaa, Mohamed El Khaili, and Mohammed Qbadou. "Electric Power Production Modeling for Optimal Driving." Procedia Computer Science 175 (2020): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.060.

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20

Wright, Tim. "Electric Power Production in Pre–1937 China." China Quarterly 126 (June 1991): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000005257.

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Many important issues in modern Chinese history are crucially affected by the magnitude and pattern of economic growth up to 1937. Despite the work of John Key Chang and more recently Thomas Rawski, however, we still know all too little about the quantitative aspects of that growth. All scholars of the period are greatly indebtedto Chang's pioneering and indispensame work on industrial production but, as he himself points out, his index remains tentative and exploratory. Although the compilation of a definitive new index will eventually depend on work by scholars in China, to my knowledge this has not yet got under way. Wherever compiled, any index of industrial output as a whole, or even of national income, will have to be based on better series for individual industries. In such a context, this research note builds on Chang's work by offering a revision of the output series for one very important and rapidly growing industry in pre-1937 China, the electric power industry.

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21

VALENZUELA, JORGE, and MAINAK MAZUMDAR. "Statistical analysis of electric power production costs." IIE Transactions 32, no. 12 (December 2000): 1139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07408170008967468.

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22

Asada, Toyoyasu, and Yutaka Usami. "Tokyo electric power company approach to fuel cell power production." Journal of Power Sources 29, no. 1-2 (January 1990): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(90)80011-2.

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23

Ademola Eyitope, Ojo. "Determinants of Market Power in Electric Power Market of Rural Areas in Nigeria." Asian Development Policy Review 8, no. 3 (2020): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.107.2020.83.156.170.

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24

Egorov, Alexander, Paul Bannih, Denis Baltin, Alexander Kazantsev, Anton Trembach, Elizabeth Koksharova, Victor Kunshin, Natalia Zhavrid, and Olga Vozisova. "Electric Power Systems Kit." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 1166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1166.

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This article describes the problem of practical knowledge lack in modern education system and gives the solution of the problem by creating the laboratory for the scale models production. This laboratory allows to create all 110 kV, 220 kV and 500 kV power equipment in all generally accepted scales. Low price of such scale models makes the product available for students of any educational institutions.

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25

Testoyedov, N. A., I. A. Potapenko, N. M. Lugovaya, V. V. Kukartsev, and M. V. Karaseva. "Analysis of electric power technologies in industrial production." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 919 (September 26, 2020): 062006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/919/6/062006.

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26

Zhang, Zijun, Andrew Kusiak, and Zhe Song. "Scheduling electric power production at a wind farm." European Journal of Operational Research 224, no. 1 (January 2013): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.07.043.

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27

Guglielminetti, M. "Section 4 Electric power production from geothermal energy." Geothermics 14, no. 2-3 (January 1985): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(85)90057-4.

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28

Akin, Akindele O., and Adejumobi D. O. "Domestic Electric Power Generator Usage and Residents Livability Milieu in Ogbomoso, Nigeria." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v6i1.10941.

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Incessant electric power failures have forced Nigerian residents into extensive use of electric power generator. This implicates a host of environmental livability glitches. This study therefore appraises the livability implications of domestic usage of electric power generators. The relative incidence of generator use was appraised. Residents’ livability was also assessed across the three recognizable residential densities of the city having 20 political wards. Out of the total 561, 56 urban blocks (10%) were sampled. A questionnaire was administered to 511 respondents using a multi stage approach. Noise dosimeter was used to measure the noise level. Likert scaling method was used in the transformation of ordinal data into ratio or interval data. Regression analysis was used to explain the relationship between the relative incidence of electric generator use (GUI) and the relative level of residents’ livability (RLI) in the study. A high level incidence of power outage (81%) was observed to have encouraged a high incidence (78.6%) of electric generator use. There was observed a reliable relationship between relative incidence of electric generator use and residents’ livability(R = -811, P = .000). Economic, health and social components (in the order of listing) are affected by the use of electric generators. The study thus recommends physical, environmental, legal and administrative resolutions to eliminate the negative effects of electric power generator use.

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29

Komolafe, O. M., and K. M. Udofia. "Review of electrical energy losses in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i1.28.

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The Nigerian electric power sector holds a lot of unfulfilled potentials for the economic development of Africa’s most populous country; the electric energy generated is not up to 30% of the national demand and worse still, over 50% of this paltry sum is recorded as losses—this is not indicative of commercial viability. The visible efforts being made to address the problems, though laudable, do not fully demonstrate complete appreciation of the underlying root causes. In this paper, an examination of the structure of the Nigerian electricity industry is provided followed by a technical review of factors responsible for the excessive losses (technical and non-technical) in the system. The solutions proffered would enable improved response, first to efficiently manage the available energy and also to grow the industry for the good of the nation. Keywords: Nigerian power distribution system, electric energy theft, power losses in Nigeria.

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30

Ojameruaye, Emmanuel O. "An econometric disequilibrium model for electric power system planning in Nigeria." OPEC Review 12, no. 4 (December 1988): 369–485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0076.1988.tb00325.x.

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31

Oyetunji S.A., Oyetunji S. A. "Adaptability of Distribution Automation System to Electric Power Quality Monitoring In Nigeria Power Distribution Network." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 6, no. 1 (2013): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-0611421.

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32

Piechocki, J., P. Solowiej, and M. Neugebauer. "The use of biomass for electric power production in polish power plants." Hungarian Agricultural Engineering, no. 28 (2015): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17676/hae.2015.28.19.

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33

Darwish, M. A. "On electric power and desalted water production in Kuwait." Desalination 138, no. 1-3 (September 2001): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(01)00263-6.

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34

Glukhan'kov, V. P. "Electric power production and some principles of its distribution." Hydrotechnical Construction 23, no. 12 (December 1989): 706–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01440337.

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35

Lodhi, M. A. K., and M. Yusof Sulaiman. "Helio-aero-gravity electric power production at low cost." Renewable Energy 2, no. 2 (April 1992): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(92)90105-c.

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36

Akpojedje, France Onoabedje, and E. C. Mormah. "Transmission System and Rural Electrification Scheme in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges, Constraints and Way forward." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v2i2.60.

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This paper x-rayed the transmission system and rural electrification scheme in Nigeria. The electric power transmission network and rural electrification scheme were critically reviewed in terms of issues, challenges, constraints, roles and current state of the power systems to identify their areas of strength and shortcomings in the Nigeria power sector. The paper further proposes the way forward to enhance the performance of the Nigeria’s electric power transmission system and rural electrification scheme.

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37

Olaosebikan Aremu, Johnson. "Epileptic Electric Power Generation and Supply in Nigeria: Causes, Impact and Solution." Journal of Contemporary Research in Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (2019): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/26410249.2019.13.73.81.

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38

Usifo, F. O., and Eromosele Oria Usifo. "Elimination of Frequent Electric Power Interruption Due to Lightning Discharge in Nigeria." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.111.

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The problems facing the Power Holding Company of Nigeria PLC (PHCN) which was formerly called the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), are numerous to the extent that every power electric engineer both in the industrial sector and in academic is being challenged to proffer possible solutions. In an attempt, to combat some of these problems, this paper is therefore focused on a problem, affecting frequent power interruption to consumers during rainy season by PHCN. A research carried out before now ascertained that more than 500 hours were lost annually on power interruptions due to lightning discharge in various substations throughout the country during rainy season. Therefore, this paper has suggested the use of double lightning arresters instead of one, for the protection of industrial and domestic electrical installation work. It recommended the use of Thyrite or Oriaghe low voltage lightning arrester to prospective power consumers for domestic application. Also, for the high voltage protection it recommended the use of the high voltage Thyrite lightning arrester for lightning discharge protection of transformers and switch gears, used by PHCN.

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39

Akinwumi, I. O., R. Moses, and J.-F. K. Akinbami. "Electric power supply strategies and productivity in selected manufacturing industries in Nigeria." Journal of Resources, Energy and Development 3, no. 2 (2006): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/red-120034.

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40

Ajao, K. R., H. A. Ajimotokan, O. T. Popoola, and H. F. Akande. "Electric Energy Supply in Nigeria, Decentralized Energy Approach." Cogeneration & Distributed Generation Journal 24, no. 4 (October 2009): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15453660909595149.

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41

Lu, Qiang, Peng Fei Wu, Wan Xia Shen, Xue Chao Wang, Bo Zhang, and Cheng Wang. "Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicle Power Battery." Materials Science Forum 847 (March 2016): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.403.

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Based on Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, this paper analyzes the total energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHGs), NOx, SOx and PM emissions during material production and battery production processes of nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH), lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP), lithium cobalt dioxide battery (LCO) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) battery, assuming that the batteries have same energy capacity. The results showed that environmental performance of LFP battery was better than the other three, and that of NiMH battery was the worst. The experimental results also showed the total energy consumption of LFP battery was 2.8 times of NiMH battery and GHGs emission was 3.2 times during material production, and the total energy consumption was 7.6 times of NIMH battery and GHGs emission was 6.6 times during battery production

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42

Monteiro, Claudio, Ignacio J. Ramirez-Rosado, and L. Alfredo Fernandez-Jimenez. "Short-term forecasting model for electric power production of small-hydro power plants." Renewable Energy 50 (February 2013): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.06.061.

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43

Okoro, O. I., and E. Chikuni. "Power sector reforms in Nigeria: opportunities and challenges." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i3a3386.

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Constant power supply is the hallmark of a devel-oped economy. Any nation whose energy need is epileptic in supply, prolongs her development and risks losing potential investors. Nigeria, a country of over 120 million people, has for the past 33 years of establishment of the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) agency empowered with the elec-tricity generation, transmission and distribution, wit-nessed frequent and persistent outages. Presently, the federal government has embarked on power sector reforms with the intention of improving the above unpalatable scenario and in turn reduce the scope of monopoly control of the nation’s power industry. This paper therefore looks at the overall power sector reforms as well as evaluates the opportunities and challenges there from; while advocating introduction of a demand side manage-ment (DSM) program by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) as a way of reducing energy con-sumption among customers with emphasis on ener-gy conservation, energy efficiency and load man-agement.

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44

KABAKCI, Murat. "Evaluation of Electric Power Plants and Production Capacity in Turkey." Usak University Journal of Engineering Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47137/uujes.777706.

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45

Jafari, Rahim, Mohammad Javad Khanjani, and Hamid Reza Esmaeilian. "Pressure Management and Electric Power Production Using Pumps as Turbines." Journal - American Water Works Association 107, no. 7 (July 2015): E351—E363. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0083.

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46

Kasangaki, V. B. A., H. M. Sendaula, and S. K. Biswas. "Stochastic Hopfield artificial neural network for electric power production costing." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 10, no. 3 (1995): 1525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.466493.

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47

Yiftah, Shimon. "A Combined Hydro-Nuclear-Solar Project for Electric Power Production." Nuclear Science and Engineering 90, no. 4 (August 1985): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse85-a18498.

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48

Ryan, Sarah M., and Mainak Mazumdar. "Chronological Influences of the Variance of Electric Power Production Costs." Operations Research 40, no. 3-supplement-2 (June 1992): S284—S292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.40.3.s284.

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49

Feng, X., D. Sutanto, and B. Manhire. "Evaluation of variances in production cost of electric power systems." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 13, no. 1 (February 1991): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-0615(91)90015-n.

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50

Pasurka, Carl A. "Decomposing electric power plant emissions within a joint production framework." Energy Economics 28, no. 1 (January 2006): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2005.08.002.

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