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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric Power Systems - Control Theory'
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1
Mikhalchuk, Nikolay. "PERSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGYOPTIMAL PARAMETERS AND TRACTION PROPERTIES OF THE LOCOMOTIVE." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 4 (December 17, 2017): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2017-4-161-173.
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Objective: To develop and justify energy-efficient and energy-saving control technology of traction electric drive with maximum realization of traction properties. Methods: Mathematical modeling, experimental manufacturing of prototypes of the converters and control system. Results: Theoretical justification was presented, based on refinement of the theory of energy processes in electrical circuits with solid state power controllers. It was proposed to apply electrical resistance of elements in electric power systems as a power control parameter instead of the conventional voltage. It was revealed that, in contrast to the existing analogues, semiconductor power regulators of different application with a new control parameter acquire the property of the electric variator. Technical solutions for manufacturing an innovative traction electric rolling stock were introduced with the use of advanced technical solutions of power control with adaptive control system that provides improved traction properties without shortening irreversible transformation of electric energy of power semiconductor devices. As an example, the solutions involving artificial intelligence in control systems of complex technical systems were presented, based on graphics processors, neural networks, providing parallel processing of large information arrays. Practical importance: Introduction of electric solid state variable speed with adaptive, intelligent control systems will significantly raise energy efficiency and improve the implementation of traction parameters of the locomotive.
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Mili, L., Th Van Cutsem, and M. Ribbens-Pavella. "Decision theory for fault diagnosis in electric power systems." Automatica 23, no. 3 (May 1987): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(87)90007-0.
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Dmitriev, B. F., S. Ya Galushin, S. A. Sogonov, А. Yu Rozov, and М. A. Маksimova. "Development of control system for reactive power compensator of frequency converter for control of propulsion motor." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 2, no. 404 (June 6, 2023): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2023-2-404-108-116.
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Object and purpose of research. The control of the operating modes of the propulsion electric motor (PEM) is carried out by semiconductor frequency converters, the use of which significantly worsens the quality of electricity on the common buses of the Marine Power Systems. The main reasons are a decrease in the power factor and the appearance of higher harmonics in the consumed current. As a result of this, the reliability of consumers' operation decreases, and power losses increase. Therefore, reducing these negative consequences is an urgent task. Materials and methods. Methods of theoretical electrical engineering, power theory were used. Main results. The method of operation of the reactive power control device for ensuring the quality of electricity, increasing the power factor and filtering higher harmonics in Marine Power Systems was considered and proposed. Conclusion. To ensure the quality of electrical energy of the reactive power compensator, it is necessary to use modern pulse-modulation control algorithms with direct microprocessor control.
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Motovilov, A. I., and I. I. Solovejev. "Online electric network capacity assesment." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-3-51-59.
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Reliability of power supply to consumers and the efficient use of energy resources are priority tasks in the process of operational dispatch control of the energy system. Limitations of the throughput capacity of the electric network increases the value of the non-released power reserve, which in case of violation of the normal mode at one electric power facility can lead to a system accident. The aim of the work is to develop an algorithm for assessing the throughput of the electric network. In this study of the steady-state operating modes of the power system, a method is proposed for online modeling of the parameters of the electric power regime and its verification in a real scheme for determining the throughput of the electric grid. To solve the tasks posed in the work, we used: the theory of multivariate experiment, the theory of systems of linear equations, methods of mathematical modeling, software and computer systems Cosmos. The regression function is used to simulate the power flow over a network element. The methods based on the linearized and complete models with the measured values are compared and estimated using the correlation coefficient. The method can be used in the practice of supervisory control and research organizations in solving problems of improving the characteristics of the regimes, planning and operating the power system in real time, as well as the development of electric networks and power systems. The efficiency of the proposed method was verified during the experiment.
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Golov, V. P., D. N. Kormilitsyn, and O. S. Sukhanova. "Analysis of influence of controlled high voltage line and automatic excitation control generators on oscillatory steady-state stability of electric-power system." Vestnik IGEU, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2022.1.038-045.
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According to the rules of installation of electricity-generating equipment, synchronous machines (generators, compensators, electric motors) must be equipped with automatic excitation control devices. Their application has a positive effect on the stability indicators and electrical power-engineering system modes. Currently, the development of industry and an increase in the number of consumers require transmission capacity growth of existing 220 kV power transmission lines. The use of controlled series compensation devices can significantly increase the transmission capacity of a power transmission line, however, there is a problem of stable operation of the electric power-engineering system. To choose the methods for control parameters of automatic excitation control and controlled series compensation device, it is advisable to analyze the oscillatory steady-state stability of the electric power-engineering system that contain a controlled 220 kV power transmission line when regulating the excitation of its generators. Methods of mathematical modeling of the electric power system, the theory of long-distance power lines and electromechanical transients, methods of analyzing the stability of electric power systems are used. The original software in the C++ programming language has been used as a modeling tool. The authors have analyzed the influence of controlled series compensation of high voltage transmission line and generators of automatic excitation control on oscillatory steady-state stability of electric power system. The parameters value of regulation of the controlled series compensation device and the automatic excitation control are determined, considering restrictions while maintaining the positive influence of these devices. Zones of stability of the examined electric power-engineering system are formed depending on setup variable of the devices under consideration. The obtained results can be used to enhance oscillatory steady-state stability of electric power system with controlled series compensation device and automatic excitation control systems.
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Belyaevsky, Roman, and Alexey Gerasimenko. "Development of Mechanisms for Active-Adaptive Control of Reactive Power Based on Intelligent Electrical Networks." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020902004.
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Improving the energy efficiency of the power grid complex is an urgent problem. The need to solve this problem is due to various technical and economic reasons. First of all, this is due to high power losses in distribution electrical networks, caused by a significant load of its elements by reactive power flows. In this regard, the development of mechanisms for active-adaptive control of reactive power is becoming increasingly important. Currently, the Smart Grid concept has become widespread in the global electric power industry. The use of these technologies allows not only to optimize power losses in distribution networks, but also to improve the efficiency of the electric grid complex. The article proposes an algorithm for optimizing the placement of compensating devices in the distribution network on the example of one of the territorial network organizations of the Kuzbass. This algorithm is based on the theory of multilevel systems using the method of indefinite Lagrange multipliers. The results of applying this algorithm based on the developed simulation model are presented.
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German-Galkin, Sergiej, Vladimir Sakharov, and Dariusz Tarnapowicz. "Energy Characteristics of Asynchronous Electric Drive." Management Systems in Production Engineering 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mspe-2019-0009.
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AbstractEnergy aspects are fundamental to the design of electric drive systems. This article describes energy performance for asynchronous electric drives based on various control methods. These electric drives comparison shows that vector control methods have a significant advantage over scalar control methods. The asynchronous electric drive mathematical description is based on vector control theory and main component method. Equations, obtained by mathematical description, allow calculating of the currents, voltages and electric power at the output when the electromagnetic torque and speed machine are set. Energy characteristics of the asynchronous drive were obtained with the use of the MATLAB-SIMULINK simulation program.
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Boldyrev, Igor, Dmitry Tonn, Sergey Goremykin, Nikolay Sitnikov, Alexander Mukonin, and Viktor Trubetskoy. "Synthesis of robust control algorithms for linear interval dynamic systems in the electric power industry." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001103.
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When studying the objects of management in the field of electric power, we meet with various inaccuracies in determining their parameters. One of the methods of dealing with uncertainties is the use of various estimates of the parameters of the control object. modern science has developed various methods for assessing the uncertain parameters of the control object in the electric power industry. parameter uncertainty occurs when the set of parameters of the control object is more than one point. If this set is defined using probabilistic characteristics, then this is the so-called probabilistic uncertainty of the object parameters. If the boundaries of the intervals in which they are enclosed are known for the object parameters, then such uncertainty is called interval uncertainty. if the object parameters are set using the membership function, then the theory of fuzzy logic is used. Interval determination of parameters of the control object is used when working with values for which only the boundaries of the intervals within which their values are enclosed are known. The interval approach in the description of object parameters is used to account for rounding and errors that occur during calculations on a computer and is a strong method in the representation of objects with uncertain parameters, which are very common in the electric power industry. The reason why interval systems are used is the incompleteness of information about the control object, errors in measuring the parameters of the object, linearization errors, and so on. Various problems of the classical theory of automatic control allow us to replace the concentrated parameters with their interval analogues. Many interval problems are adequate for practical applications. The synthesis of linear quadratic regulators refers to the classical method, which allows us to obtain regulators that minimize the integral quality criterion with respect to the resource of regulated and regulatory quantities. In this paper, we study the possibility of synthesizing linear quadratic regulators for electric power facilities specified in intervals. This application of two well-known methods makes it possible to work with nonlinear objects using the classical linear control theory.
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Wang, Zhenghao, Yonghui Liu, Zihao Yang, and Wanhao Yang. "Load Frequency Control of Multi-Region Interconnected Power Systems with Wind Power and Electric Vehicles Based on Sliding Mode Control." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 2288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082288.
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In recent years, wind power systems have been used extensively, which not only improve the efficiency of current conventional power generation systems, but also can save traditional fossil fuel resources. However, considering the instability of wind power, after being grid connected, it can easily cause an impact on the stability of the grid operation. Considering the above problems, this paper considers to make full use of the energy storage part of electric vehicles (EVs) to increase the stability of grid operation. Based on the mathematical model, this paper studies the load frequency control (LFC) problem of a multi-region interconnected power system with wind power and EVs. First, since the system states are difficult to be monitored, a state observer is designed to estimate the state. Based on this, the integral sliding mode controller (SMC) is designed to realize the LFC of the interconnected power system. Meanwhile, to obtain better control performance, this paper further analyzes and optimizes the controller parameters based on Lyapunov stability theory. At last, simulations are carried out for the power systems with two regions in Simulink. The results show that the designed controllers are effective to compensate the load demand disturbances. In addition, it is demonstrated that the battery storage of EVs can play the role of peak-shaving and valley-filling in LFC.
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Xingzhi Hu. "Modelling and Analysis of Power Performance of Electric Drive System of Micro Electric Car." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 70, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.22.70.1.1108002.
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For the multi energy coexisting system such as micro electric vehicle, it is particularly important to establish an accurate electric drive system model and flexibly change the system composition and component parameters for the design of micro electric vehicle. Based on the study of the structural characteristics and the overall control scheme of the micro electric vehicle, the drive motor model and the motor vector control model were analysed based on the bond graph theory, and then the dynamic mechanics analysis of the model was carried out with the help of MATLAB, according to the obtained bond graph model. The experimental method was used to verify the model analysis results, the recorded data are processed by MATLAB, and the relationship curves of voltage, current, and power and impedance under different motion conditions were drawn. The results show that: through the dynamic performance simulation of the dynamic model, the factors affecting the driving range of micro electric vehicle are analysed, and the effective measures to increase the driving range are put forward; When the micro electric vehicle runs in a straight line, the parameters basically do not change; When the left-right steering movement, the power consumed by the right front wheel when turning right is higher than that when turning left, but the impedance is lower than that when turning left; The experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of bond graph theory in system modelling and simulation.
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Zhang, Peng, Yongzheng Cong, Di Wu, Guorong Zhang, and Qi Tan. "Design of fixed-time synchronization algorithm with applications." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 172988141989131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419891311.
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Fixed-time synchronization problem for a class of leader–follower multi-agent systems with second-order nonlinearity is studied in this article. A new fixed-time synchronization control algorithm is developed by effectively combining homogeneous system theory, Lyapunov stability theory, and fixed-time/finite-time control technology. The leader–follower multi-agent system is considered to achieve fixed-time synchronization control. Finally, numerical simulations including coordination control multiple pendulum robot systems and electric power networks are carried out to verify the control performance of the control strategy.
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BUYUK, Mehmet. "PLL-Less Active/Reactive Power Control of Photovoltaic Energy Source with Applying pq-Theory in Single-Phase Grid System." European Journal of Technic 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36222/ejt.1129083.
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Converter systems are applied to manage active/reactive power control of photovoltaic (PV) source during integration with the electric grid system. The control algorithm of the conventional converter system consists of a reference generation unit, a dc-link voltage control loop, two power control loops and a phase lock loop (PLL) system. PLL unit is used to lock in phase angle of the electric grid, and to perform the coordinate transformation for calculations of the active/reactive powers. However, the control algorithm has a slow dynamic response because of utilisation of a PLL structure. In addition, additional complex mathematical computations are required with the use of a PLL algorithm. Furthermore, the interaction of the PLL and the power control loops may lead power oscillation problems under weak grid, and also result in instability of the PV system. In this study, to avoid the aforementioned issues and to enhance the power flow capability of the grid-connected PV panels, a PLL-less control algorithm in pq-theory is studied for the active/reactive power management and the grid synchronization. In addition, the mathematical formulations of the current control algorithm are presented in detail. To show the effectiveness of the PLL-less controller, a PV system model with using real PV panel groups is designed and constructed in a simulation environment. The proposed control method is tested under various operation cases such as dynamic environmental conditions, reactive power support and voltage variations. The proposed method shows efficient performance under applications of the different operation situations.
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Frenkel, Wiebke, Andreas Rauh, Julia Kersten, and Harald Aschemann. "Experiments-Based Comparison of Different Power Controllers for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Against Model Imperfections and Delay Phenomena." Algorithms 13, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13040076.
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Solid oxide fuel cell systems such as those presented in this paper are not only applicable for a pure supply with electric energy, they can typically also be used in decentralized power stations, i.e., as micro-cogeneration systems for houses, where both electric and thermal energy are required. For that application, obviously, the electric power need is not constant but rather changes over time. In such a way, it essentially depends on the user profiles of said houses which can refer to e.g., private households as well as offices. The power use is furthermore not predefined. For an optimal operation of the fuel cell, we want to adjust the power, to match the need with sufficiently small time constants without the implementation of mid- or long-term electrical storage systems such as battery buffers. To adapt the produced electric power a simple, however, sufficiently robust feedback controller regulating the hydrogen mass flow into the cells is necessary. To achieve this goal, four different controllers, namely, a PI output-feedback controller combined with a feedforward control, an internal model control (IMC) approach, a sliding-mode (SM) controller and a state-feedback controller, are developed and compared in this paper. As the challenge is to find a controller ensuring steady-state accuracy and good tracking behavior despite the nonlinearities and uncertainties of the plant, the comparison was done regarding these requirements. Simulations and experiments show that the IMC outperforms the alternatives with respect to steady-state accuracy and tracking behavior.
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Guan, Jun, Wei Du, Xiuli Wang, Xianjue Luo, Xingyang Liu, and Xue Li. "A Reliability Evaluation Method for Independent Small Offshore Electric Systems." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 3035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113035.
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As an independent power system, the reliability of offshore electric system is closely related to the smooth progress of offshore oil production. There are two major characteristics of this type of power system. One is that it includes a generation system, transmission system, as well as a distribution system, and the other is that the load shedding measures in the event of a fault are different from that of the onshore power grid. Therefore, traditional reliability assessment models and algorithms cannot be used directly. Based on the theory of overall reliability evaluation, a reliability evaluation method suitable for offshore electric systems and the corresponding reliability indicators are proposed in this paper. In state sampling, the overall system sampling is divided into generation system sampling, transmission system sampling, and distribution system sampling based on the hybrid sampling theory. In state assessment, the priority decoupling load shedding model and the cascade fault model are established considering the actual production. At the end of this paper, the power system of an offshore oil platform is taken as an actual example to calculate the reliability index. Based on the failure analysis, relevant measures to improve the reliability of the system are proposed.
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Zhou, Yu Sheng, Zheng Pan, Long Zeng, and Yong Feng Liu. "Analysis on Harmonic Characteristics of Electric Vehicle High-Frequency Charger." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.441.
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As a nonlinear load, a large number of electric vehicle chargers inserted into power might bring many challenges, cause harmonic pollution to power grid. In this paper, a high-frequency charger is regarded as a researching object, the power characteristics of charger, harmonic current and impactive parameters are analyzed, and the harmonic analysis model of the charger accessed to power grid is built. Applying the Simulink and SimPowerSystems toolbox in Matlab and the simulation method facing the systems structure of electrical principle, the model is simulated. The harmonic generative rules and characteristics for a single high-frequency charger are present. The results might forecast the harmonic pollution of charge station, and provide the theory base for choosing harmonic control device and methods.
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Tarana Veliyeva, Tarana Veliyeva. "STUDY OF STATIC STABILITY OF COMPLEX ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 31, no. 08 (May 23, 2023): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei31082023-218.
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An analysis of the currently used algorithms and programs for assessing the static stability reserve of electric power systems (EPS) is carried out, which make it possible to build the boundaries of stability and calculate the sensitivity coefficient of all generators of the power system, which speeds up the process of selecting the settings of automatic excitation regulators (AER) and increases the visibility of the calculation results. On the example of the well-known in the theory of automatic regulation "Butterworth's rule", a qualitative analysis of the transient process in the control system in the presence of optimal stochastic AER is given and it is proved that the method of synthesis of optimal stochastic systems allows, under conditions of real limitations, to more accurately and qualitatively build regulators that provide the necessary stabilization accuracy. Keywords: static stability, electric power system, transient process, vibrational stability, constant voltage, aperiodic stability, automatic excitation regulator.
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Xingzhi, Hu. "Anti–Drag Braking Control Technology for Electric Drive Dump Truc." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 69, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.21.69.1.1108004.
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The power transmission system of electric wheel vehicle with "Power generator - diode rectifier - inverter - traction motor" can achieve part of the braking energy recycling and reduce fuel consumption through the reverse flow of energy in the downhill braking conditions. For AC - DC - AC transmission system of electric wheel vehicles. In order to achieve the engine anti-drag starting smoothly through the introduction of the theory of Engine Anti - drag Braking and the observation of the rotor frequency by external speed sensor, in addition to that zero-crossing detection phase method to achieve the stator rotating magnetic field and rotor speed synchronization purposes. Through use the rectifier inverter module to achieve energy bi-directional transmission and to achieve engine anti-drag when the vehicle goes downhill slowly. In the article, design of engine brake anti-drag control system and the establishment of anti-drag brake power calculation mathematical model, also build the anti-drag test platform of the engine to verify the control system. The experimental results show that the proposed control scheme for the start of the inverter is simple and reliable, which provides the theoretical basis and experimental data for the actual vehicle design.
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Jiang, Haonan, Changbo Lin, Gaoshan Feng, Enyong Xu, and Weiguang Zheng. "Reliability Analysis of the High-Voltage Power Battery System Based on the Polymorphic Fuzzy Fault Tree." Journal of Sensors 2022 (July 13, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2455345.
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Accidents caused by the failure of high-voltage power battery systems are rising with the increase of pure electric commercial vehicles. The fault tree analysis method based on traditional reliability is no longer suitable for quantitative evaluation of polymorphic systems. In this paper, the polymorphic fuzzy fault tree of the high-voltage power battery system for pure electric commercial vehicles is established and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively based on a combined theory of the polymorphic theory, fuzzy mathematical theory, group decision theory, and fault tree analysis theory. The results showed that the multistate reliability-analysis method of the fuzzy fault tree could describe the various fault states of the high-voltage power battery system. Through quantitative evaluation of the reliability of system, the low-temperature environment and CAN high and low reverse connection were the weakest links of the system, and the problem of the occurrence probability of each state of the unknown polymorphic bottom event in the sub-fault tree of the deteriorated-state mode was solved quickly using group decision-making to deal with fuzzy probability. It provides theoretical reference for system design and detection process, which has important practical significance for the improvement of high-voltage power battery system.
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Antonov, V. V., L. E. Kromina, L. E. Rodionova, A. R. Fakhrullina, L. I. Baimurzina, E. V. Palchevsky, and E. A. Rodionov. "The Concept of Formation of Intelligent Control Systems of Power Supply of Urban Networks." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 24, no. 4 (April 12, 2023): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.24.190-198.
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Modern capabilities of intelligent control systems are increasingly being used in areas previously considered the exclusive work of people — experts with relevant experience in a particular field. Machine learning capabilities in the field of electric power industry, obtaining forecasts based on the data of intelligent sensors of various purposes are not an exception. At present the Russian Government has adopted a program for the development of the manufacturing industry until the end of 2035: during this time manufacturing output should grow by 192 %. It is obvious that this program should also meet the requirements of the modern scientific concept of industrial revolution "Industry 4.0", when manufacturing enterprises and corporations begin to develop and apply subsystems and elements of "smart manufacturing", which help to build intelligent communications between individual tasks and operations during the entire life cycle of production, in accordance with the principles and methods of systems engineering. It is important to note that the issues of intelligent management in the subject-oriented area of electric power industry (in our case — energy saving), as the basis of any industrial production in modern conditions, require the development and implementation, first of all, of new solutions based on modern IT-technologies. It is known that energy intensity in Russia, according to the World Bank, is 3-4 times lower than in European countries. It is also known that in connection with the new provisions in the field of housing and communal services, aimed at improving economic efficiency in terms of electricity consumption, it becomes very important to ensure its accurate and operational accounting with the possibility of further forecasting of electricity consumption and the state of power grid facilities, which will allow specialized organizations and services, as well as the managing bodies in the shortest time to make a balanced specialized decisions This paper proposes the concept of intelligent control system to manage the process of condition monitoring based on data from intelligent sensors. The novelty of the concept is to consider a variant of solving the problem of integration of information systems associated with weakly structured subject-oriented information flows in the electric power industry enterprise by using methods of set theory and category theory.
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BELUKHIN, D., V. VASYLYEV, and A. AFANASOV. "POWER STATIC CONVERTER OF TRACTION ELECTRIC DRIVE OF AC ELECTRIC TRAINS." Transport systems and transportation technologies, no. 25 (August 11, 2023): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/tstt2023/284484.
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Purpose. Increasing the operational indicators of suburban transportation on railways electrified by alternating current due to the modernization of traction static converters of ER9M electric trains. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is the general theoretical provisions and principles of the system approach of theoretical electrical engineering, the theory of power converters. The main principles of construction of traction static converters of electric rolling stock of railways are used. Findings. The analysis of the basic rectification schemes of alternating current electric trains was performed. As an alternative scheme, it is proposed to introduce a controlled rectification scheme based on a four-zone rectification scheme, which is similar to electric locomotives, which allows using most of the known advantages of non-contact traction electric drive control systems. Some energy figures are calculated for the fully controlled and semi-controlled circuit. As a result of the comparison, the modernization option based on a semi-controlled rectification scheme was selected. The required values of starting power of the transformer and power factors for schemes with uncontrolled, fully controlled and semi-controlled rectifiers are determined. A selection of modern semiconductor elements is offered for the configuration of converters. It was shown that in the case of modernization of the rectifier scheme, there is no need for significant capital investments due to the preservation of the main traction transformer and traction motors of the electric train. Practical value. The obtained results can be used by enterprises that carry out major repairs of alternating current electric trains.
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Gunnarsson, Fredrik, and Fredrik Gustafsson. "Control theory aspects of power control in UMTS." Control Engineering Practice 11, no. 10 (October 2003): 1113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0661(03)00062-5.
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Nikitenko, Anatolii, Mykola Kostin, Tetiana Mishchenko, and Oksana Hoholyuk. "Electrodynamics of Power Losses in the Devices of Inter-Substation Zones of AC Electric Traction Systems." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 4552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134552.
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This article presents a new method for the estimation of active power losses based on a “field” approach, i.e., on the theory of the electromagnetic field and the theory of propagation of electromagnetic waves in a dielectric medium. Electromagnetic waves are assumed to transmit energy from the traction substation to electric rolling stock through the airspace of the inter-substation zone (i.e., not through the wires of the traction network) and meet electrically conductive surfaces on their way. The waves are partially reflected from the surfaces and partially penetrate them, thus creating thermal losses, the determination of which is the main task of this article. The analytical expressions for specific losses of active power are obtained by solving the system of Maxwell’s equations. Calculations of specific power losses in the catenary, rails, roofs, and bottoms of carriages and electric locomotives are performed. Power losses in carriages and electric locomotives are found to be at least 7%. A comparative assessment of the magnitude of total power losses of different types obtained by the “field” and “circuit” approaches is provided, which has established that “conditional” losses correspond to losses in rails, train carriages, and electric locomotives.
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Sidorov, Denis, Fang Liu, and Yonghui Sun. "Machine Learning for Energy Systems." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 4708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184708.
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The objective of this editorial is to overview the content of the special issue “Machine Learning for Energy Systems”. This special issue collects innovative contributions addressing the top challenges in energy systems development, including electric power systems, heating and cooling systems, and gas transportation systems. The special attention is paid to the non-standard mathematical methods integrating data-driven black box dynamical models with classic mathematical and mechanical models. The general motivation of this special issue is driven by the considerable interest in the rethinking and improvement of energy systems due to the progress in heterogeneous data acquisition, data fusion, numerical methods, machine learning, and high-performance computing. The editor of this special issue has made an attempt to publish a book containing original contributions addressing theory and various applications of machine learning in energy systems’ operation, monitoring, and design. The response to our call had 27 submissions from 11 countries (Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Germany, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Taiwan, UK, and USA), of which 12 were accepted and 15 were rejected. This issue contains 11 technical articles, one review, and one editorial. It covers a broad range of topics including reliability of power systems analysis, power quality issues in railway electrification systems, test systems of transformer oil, industrial control problems in metallurgy, power control for wind turbine fatigue balancing, advanced methods for forecasting of PV output power as well as wind speed and power, control of the AC/DC hybrid power systems with renewables and storage systems, electric-gas energy systems’ risk assessment, battery’s degradation status prediction, insulators fault forecasting, and autonomous energy coordination using blockchain-based negotiation model. In addition, review of the blockchain technology for information security of the energy internet is given. We believe that this special issue will be of interest not only to academics and researchers, but also to all the engineers who are seriously concerned about the unsolved problems in contemporary power engineering, multi-energy microgrids modeling.
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Zwierzewicz, Zenon, Dariusz Tarnapowicz, Sergey German-Galkin, and Marek Jaskiewicz. "Optimal Control of the Diesel–Electric Propulsion in a Ship with PMSM." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 9390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249390.
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The article presents and compares two different control methods for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for diesel–electric ship propulsion. The main focus of the article is on control optimization, which allows improving energy efficiency by reducing reactive power in the mechatronic propulsion system. The first method consists in modifying the commonly used field-oriented control (FOC) strategy to ensure zero reactive power in the inverter–PMSM system. Since a characteristic of ship propulsion systems, unlike those used on land, is the step load on the propulsion motor, the system’s performance in dynamic states is particularly important. Unfortunately, control strategies based on FOC do not take into account the dynamics of the system, since they apply only to steady states. Therefore, the authors of this paper, based on control theory methods, proposed an approach that also optimizes control in dynamic states, while minimizing reactive power in the steady state. The analytical studies were confirmed in simulation studies using the MATLAB Simulink package.
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K. S., Suchithra, Gopalakrishnan E. A., Jürgen Kurths, and E. Surovyatkina. "Emergency rate-driven control for rotor angle instability in power systems." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 6 (June 2022): 061102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093450.
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Renewable energy sources in modern power systems pose a serious challenge to the power system stability in the presence of stochastic fluctuations. Many efforts have been made to assess power system stability from the viewpoint of the bifurcation theory. However, these studies have not covered the dynamic evolution of renewable energy integrated, non-autonomous power systems. Here, we numerically explore the transition phenomena exhibited by a non-autonomous stochastic bi-stable power system oscillator model. We use additive white Gaussian noise to model the stochasticity in power systems. We observe that the delay in the transition observed for the variation of mechanical power as a function of time shows significant variations in the presence of noise. We identify that if the angular velocity approaches the noise floor before crossing the unstable manifold, the rate at which the parameter evolves has no control over the transition characteristics. In such cases, the response of the system is purely controlled by the noise, and the system undergoes noise-induced transitions to limit-cycle oscillations. Furthermore, we employ an emergency control strategy to maintain the stable non-oscillatory state once the system has crossed the quasi-static bifurcation point. We demonstrate an effective control strategy that opens a possibility of maintaining the stability of electric utility that operates near the physical limits.
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Kolosok, Irina, and Liudmila Gurina. "Assessment of Cyber Resilience Indices of Information Collection and Processing Systems in Electric Power Systems Based on Semi-Markov Models." Voprosy kiberbezopasnosti, no. 6(46) (2021): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21681/2311-3456-2021-6-2-11.
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Purpose of the study: The study aims to design an algorithm for determining the cyber resilience indices of information collection, transmission, and processing systems (SCADA, WAMS) to control electric power systems. This algorithm makes it possible to factor in possible states and measures to restore such systems when cyber resilience is lost. Research methods include the probability theory, methods of power system reliability analysis, and Markov methods. Result of the research: The analysis of the reliability of WAMS, which is necessary for assessing the cyber resilience of the EPS, has been carried out. A cyber resilience model is proposed, on the basis of which an algorithm for determining the cyber resilience index of SCADA, WAMS systems with a low quality of measurement information used in EPS control has been developed. To take into account possible states of SCADA, WAMS systems and measures for their restoration (detection, mitigation and response) in case of violation of cyber resilience, the algorithm uses the tools of probability theory and Markov methods. The effectiveness of the application of the developed algorithm is confirmed by the example of calculating the WAMS cyber resilience index with a low quality of PMU data. The results obtained can be useful in making decisions on the formation of control actions on the EPS to ensure its cybersecurity in the context of cyber-attacks on information collection, transmission, and processing systems.
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Klamka, J. "Controllability of dynamical systems. A survey." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2013-0031.
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Abstract The main objective of this article is to review the major progress that has been made on controllability of dynamical systems over the past number of years. Controllability is one of the fundamental concepts in the mathematical control theory. This is a qualitative property of dynamical control systems and is of particular importance in control theory. A systematic study of controllability was started at the beginning of sixties in the last century, when the theory of controllability based on the description in the form of state space for both time-invariant and time-varying linear control systems was worked out. Roughly speaking, controllability generally means, that it is possible to steer a dynamical control system from an arbitrary initial state to an arbitrary final state using the set of admissible controls. It should be mentioned, that in the literature there are many different definitions of controllability, which strongly depend on a class of dynamical control systems and on the other hand on the form of admissible controls. Controllability problems for different types of dynamical systems require the application of numerous mathematical concepts and methods taken directly from differential geometry, functional analysis, topology, matrix analysis and theory of ordinary and partial differential equations and theory of difference equations. In the paper we use mainly state-space models of dynamical systems, which provide a robust and universal method for studying controllability of various classes of systems. Controllability plays an essential role in the development of modern mathematical control theory. There are various important relationships between controllability, stability and stabilizability of linear both finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional control systems. Controllability is also strongly related to the theory of realization and so called minimal realization and canonical forms for linear time-invariant control systems such as the Kalmam canonical form, the Jordan canonical form or the Luenberger canonical form. It should be mentioned, that for many dynamical systems there exists a formal duality between the concepts of controllability and observability. Moreover, controllability is strongly connected with the minimum energy control problem for many classes of linear finite dimensional, infinite dimensional dynamical systems, and delayed systems both deterministic and stochastic. Finally, it is well known, that controllability concept has many important applications not only in control theory and systems theory, but also in such areas as industrial and chemical process control, reactor control, control of electric bulk power systems, aerospce engineering and recently in quantum systems theory.
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Gopal, Vijayshree, and Sumathi Srinivasan. "Power quality improvement in distributed generation system using intelligent control methods." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 32, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v32.i1.pp33-42.
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Hybrid <span>electric power generation and its integration with the grid to supply consumer demand is main focus of this paper. The use of nonlinear load and advanced power electronic equipment-based devices at the consumer end introduces power quality issues in the power system network in terms of voltage and current. This paper explains the design of a control algorithm for a unified power quality conditioner used for mitigating both voltage and current-based power quality issues. The dynamic voltage restorer of unified power quality controller (UPQC) is designed with a unit vector control algorithm and the distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) is designed with fuzzy logic and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system based instantaneous reactive power theory control algorithm. The simulation model built using the MATLAB platform includes a three-phase voltage source along with hybrid electric power generation connected to linear and non-linear loads operating under different conditions. The result is analyzed in terms of voltage and current total harmonic distortion compared with IEEE 512 power quality standards and power factor improvement. The paper shows the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS)-based control algorithm gives better results in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) compared to the fuzzy-based control algorithm. The power factor is improved using ANFIS-based controller proving the efficiency of the controller</span>.
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Lin, Xue, Lixia Sun, Ping Ju, and Hongyu Li. "Stochastic Control for Intra-Region Probability Maximization of Multi-Machine Power Systems Based on the Quasi-Generalized Hamiltonian Theory." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010167.
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With the penetration of renewable generation, electric vehicles and other random factors in power systems, the stochastic disturbances are increasing significantly, which are necessary to be handled for guarantying the security of systems. A novel stochastic optimal control strategy is proposed in this paper to reduce the impact of such stochastic continuous disturbances on power systems. The proposed method is effective in solving the problems caused by the stochastic continuous disturbances and has two significant advantages. First, a simplified and effective solution is proposed to analyze the system influenced by the stochastic disturbances. Second, a novel optimal control strategy is proposed in this paper to effectively reduce the impact of stochastic continuous disturbances. To be specific, a novel excitation controlled power systems model with stochastic disturbances is built in the quasi-generalized Hamiltonian form, which is further simplified into a lower-dimension model through the stochastic averaging method. Based on this Itô equation, a novel optimal control strategy to achieve the intra-region probability maximization is established for power systems by using the dynamic programming method. Finally, the intra-region probability increases in controlled systems, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The proposed control method has advantages on controlling the fluctuation of system state variables within a desired region under the influence of stochastic disturbances, which means improving the security of stochastic systems. With more stochasticity in the future, the proposed control method based on the stochastic theory will play a novel way to relieve the impact of stochastic disturbances.
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Glazyrin, Alexander S., Sergey N. Kladiev, Vadim V. Timoshkin, Evgeniy V. Bolovin, Lyudmila E. Kozlova, Ivan A. Nabunskiy, Ivan V. Rakov, and Semen S. Popov. "SETUP AND INVESTIGATION OF THE OPERATION MODES OF THE SPEED OBSERVER IN A CONTROLLED DC ELECTRIC DRIVE." ELECTRICAL AND DATA PROCESSING FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS 19, no. 2 (2023): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2023-19-2-30-42.
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In modern closed-loop controlled electric drives used in manufacturing, the use of speed, current, torque, and other technological variable sensors is required. In some cases, indirect estimation of the electric drive state vector is required, when the use of technological parameter sensors (primarily speed sensors) is difficult or impossible. One of the problems is the length of the information cable in the feedback channel from the actuator to the power converter, which makes it difficult to use direct measurement methods. There are also difficulties in using sensors in an aggressive environment. For example, in the coal mining industry, electric motors or the entire electric drive are often located in an explosion-proof enclosure, and installing additional sensors will require expensive modernization of the entire system. State observers in sensorless electric drives allow restoring unmeasurable state vector components based on measured electrical signals in the power converters of the electric drive. From the perspective of a closed-loop controlled electric drive system, the main feedback is the feedback on the angular rotation frequency. Electric drives based on separately excited DC motors (SEDC) are simpler to investigate and implement such systems. The linearized mathematical model of an SEDC contains a relatively smaller number of differential equations compared to variable frequency drives due to the presence of independent channels for forming magnetic flux in the air gap and electromagnetic torque, which simplifies the analysis and synthesis of sensorless control systems using speed observers. Researching the observer of angular rotation for DC electric drives allows for developing design skills on a simpler system before moving on to variable frequency drives. Research in this area for both DC and AC electric drives is promising because it allows for an increased range of regulation and accuracy of the output coordinate in sensorless electric drives at the required level. This article is dedicated to the study of the properties of speed observers for DC electric drives with independent excitation of various structures. Aim of research Analysis of rotation frequency observer structure in DC motor drives with error reduction based on the proportional principle. Research methods Theoretical and experimental research methods were used in this study. Theoretical methods included the theory of automatic control, state observer theory, theory of electric drives, theory of electric machines, mathematical modeling, systems of differential equations, Laplace transforms, and numerical methods for solving differential equations. Experimental studies were conducted on a software-hardware complex, where the genetic algorithm method was used to identify the parameters of the electric machine equivalent circuit. Results Analytical expression for the characteristic equation roots for the investigated structure of the DC motor drive's speed observer was obtained. Based on this expression, stability criteria and trends in changes of the quality indicators for the angular velocity estimation were determined with varying observer coefficients.
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Xiao, Qin. "On-Line Power System Analysis Based on Hybrid Network Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.665.
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Online power system analysis to electric mode-based on information that will offer a decided in real time the quality of the studies and efficiency of the power system operation precision closely associated with the power system model. Accurate and quick decision based on real-time data analysis needs battle plan deregulation of the power system in all over the world. In addition a significant expansion of electric power system in India in recent times, especially in the 2003 introduction of electricity bill, introduction of open access, electric power market, the appearance of communication through power with complex power system operation and control. Electric power network analysis in real-time data is expected to further improve the critical role of power network operation to repair the proposed law after transmission loss of tariff and share. All this forced the power system real time is accurate, but conditions analysis based on different principles. In order to meet the requirements of all, from the monitoring, commercial, reliability and stability of the Angle, attempt to have been forced to take hybrid network model in natural real-time supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems work so far a single network model of the integrated. This paper presents a network model for the theory foundation and the same is in the southern area rapidly adapt to load center (SRLDC) Bangalore and utilization of energy management system in India (EMS) real-time systems and tools. It is proved to be how to planning can online network system modeling and analysis of relatively simple in complex operational requirements. The experimental results show that the online power management strategy to adapt to can be a key tool control engineers hand in complex power system operation situations.
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Liao, Zhong, and Bin Yuan Ye. "Adaptive Inverse Control of Hydro Electric Unit Based on Wavelet Neural Networks." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1200–1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1200.
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Due to the nonlinear, time-variable and non-minimum phase character of hydro electric unit system integrated with water, motor and power, a new adaptive inverse control method of hydro electric unit based on the function approximation ability of the wavelet analysis and the learning characteristic of neural network is presented. The algorithm and formulas and method of adaptive inverse control is studied. It approximates the model and its inversion of hydro electric unit by wavelet neural networks(WNN), and then through constructing an aim function of broad sense, which is effective to the nonlinear non-minimum phase system. Theory and simulation to for hydro electric unit system demonstrate that the control strategy can more effective improve the dynamic and stationary performance than those based on neural networks. It gives a new approach in control for hydro electric unit system besides offer a beneficial reference to the control of non-minimum phase systems.
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Roohi, Majid, Mohammad-Hassan Khooban, Zahra Esfahani, Mohammad Pourmahmood Aghababa, and Tomislav Dragicevic. "A switching sliding mode control technique for chaos suppression of fractional-order complex systems." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 10 (March 27, 2019): 2932–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219834606.
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Switching sliding mode control (SSMC) can be utilized as a robust control technique, which is appropriate for the control of highly non-linear power systems like chaotic systems. The present study proposes a switching sliding mode control technique for control and chaos suppression of non-autonomous fractional-order (FO) nonlinear power systems with uncertainties and external disturbances. In the first step, a novel fractional switching sliding surface is introduced as well as its stability analysis to the origin is demonstrated. In the second step, based on the fractional version of the Lyapunov stability theory, a robust non-singular control law is designed to ensure the convergence of the system trajectories to the proposed sliding surface. Next, the proposed SSMC approach is utilized for designing a single input switching control technique for the stabilization of a class of 3D FO chaotic power systems. In order to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the suggested approach in practice, two examples including control and the stabilization of FO chaotic electric motors are illustrated.
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Ma, Fa Yun, Hua Wei Li, Bing Guang Han, and Jian Zhong Xu. "Simulation Model of Traction Systems for CRH2 EMU Based on PSCAD/EMTDC." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.662.
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The high-speed railway based on electromechanical integration develops rapidly in China in recent years. In order to improve research for electrified railway, a model of AC-DC-AC electric locomotive is established using electro- magnetic transient software PSCAD/EMTDC. In this paper, a single-phase tri-level rectifier of unit power factor and its control strategy of direct transient current control method are introduced at first. And then the working principles of the voltage space vector control strategy of inverter and the vector control strategy of cage motors are analyzed. The inverter and the motors must be as a whole because of the realization of motor vector control based on SVPWM inverter. At last, a model is established and the correctness and effectiveness of the model can be verified by the corresponding theory results. The simulation model is useful for the analysis of low frequency resonance in locomotives. The results will be applied in the research of mechanics and electric coupling in high speed electrified railway.
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Khanbaghi, Maryam, and Aleksandar Zecevic. "Stochastic Distributed Control for Arbitrarily Connected Microgrid Clusters." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 16, 2022): 5163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145163.
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Due to the success of single microgrids, the coming years are likely to see a transformation of the current electric power system to a multiple microgrid network. Despite its obvious promise, however, this paradigm still faces many challenges, particularly when it comes to the control and coordination of energy exchanges between subsystems. In view of that, in this paper we propose an optimal stochastic control strategy in which microgrids are modeled as stochastic hybrid dynamic systems. The optimal control is based on the jump linear theory and is used as a means to maximize energy storage and the utilization of renewable energy sources in islanded microgrid clusters. Once the gain matrices are obtained, the concept of ε-suboptimality is applied to determine appropriate levels of power exchange between microgrids for any given interconnection pattern. It is shown that this approach can be efficiently applied to large-scale systems and guarantees their connective stability. Simulation results for a three microgrid cluster are provided as proof of concept.
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Henz, Cristiano Luiz, and Fabiano Perin Gasparin. "Investigation on Control Strategies for a Single-Phase Photovoltaic Inverter Using PSCAD/EMTDC Software." Power Electronics and Drives 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2021-0006.
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Abstract In the last decades, electric power produced through photovoltaic conversion has been increasing because of the need to reduce fossil fuel burning. Recently, photovoltaic systems have become more competitive and their role in the renewable energies market share is steadily gaining in importance. Improvements in the power electronics employed in the DC/AC conversion are topics of interest in the quest for more efficient and eventually reduced-cost inverters. The goal of this paper is to perform an investigation of control strategies and propose a topology for a single-phase DC/AC converter for photovoltaic arrays using the simulation software Power System Computer Aided Design/ Electromagnetic Transient Design and Control (PSCAD/EMTDC). The circuit proposed in this paper employs an isolating transformer to a grid-connected photovoltaic inverter. The control strategy proposed uses the instantaneous reactive power theory (p–q theory) and phase-locked loop (PLL). The p-q theory uses two virtual axes in the Park Transformation, which provide to the control system a good dynamic response, accuracy, and decoupling between the control and power system. Computer simulations using the electromagnetic transient software PSCAD show the efficiency of the proposed strategy for a single-phase inverter. The control strategy and topology are quite simple and easy to implement in the future using a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The results provide insights into new power electronics solutions, which can improve the efficiency and efficacy of the current available in DC/AC converters for photovoltaic systems.
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Hadi, Ayad Mahmood, Ekhlas M. Thajeel, and Ali K. Nahar. "A novel optimizing PI control of shunt active power filter for power quality enhancement." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 1194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i3.3225.
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In this paper, shunt active power filter (SAPF) is designed to address the problem of current harmonics in the source current arising from a nonlinear load and improve the quality of electric power. That will be by compensating reactive power and harmonic currents. The PI controller responsible for DC-link energy storage tuning was developed using the Lévy flight distribution algorithm (LFA). It is a novel, previously unused optimization approach to suggest relative gain Kp and integration gain Ki gain values for the PI controller. This approach aims to get the best dynamic performance of SAPF, speed up the convergence rate, get the fastest best stability and bypass constant voltage advancement for DC-link. The model was tested and implemented in MATLAB simulation software. The result of total harmonic distortion THD showed the efficiency of this method compared with the results of traditional PI. The design of the model in the current reference frame was based on instantaneous reactive power (pq) theory.
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Wu, Shaopeng, Jinyang Zhou, Xinmiao Zhang, and Jiaqiang Yu. "Design and Research on High Power Density Motor of Integrated Motor Drive System for Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 3542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103542.
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Although many PMSMs are used as the driving source for electric vehicle motor drive systems, there is still a gap compared with the power density index in the DOE roadmap. Considering that the motor occupies a large space in the motor drive system, it is of great significance for the system to increase the motor power density and thus reach the system power density index. This article starts with electrical machine basic design theory and finds the motor power density influence factors. Guided by the theory and considering motor driver influence, this article proposes a high power density motor for electric vehicle integrated motor drive system. The motor for the system is a five-phase interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with a double-layer rotor structure and fractional slot distributed winding. Compared with Ver1.0 motor, Ver2.0 motor power density improves significantly. In order to prevent damage from excessive temperature, a temperature field solution model is established in this article to compare the cooling effect and pressure loss of the spiral, dial, and axial water jackets. The temperature is checked at motor main operating conditions using an optimal cooling structure. Finally, the power density of the designed Ver2.0 motor reaches 3.12 kW/kg in mass and 15.19 kW/L in volume.
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Borsche, R., D. Kocoglu, and S. Trenn. "A distributional solution framework for linear hyperbolic PDEs coupled to switched DAEs." Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems 32, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 455–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00498-020-00267-7.
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AbstractA distributional solution framework is developed for systems consisting of linear hyperbolic partial differential equations and switched differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) which are coupled via boundary conditions. The unique solvability is then characterize in terms of a switched delay DAE. The theory is illustrated with an example of electric power lines modelled by the telegraph equations which are coupled via a switching transformer where simulations confirm the predicted impulsive solutions.
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Aderinto, Yidiat O., and Mathias O. Bamigbola. "A qualitative study of the optimal control model for an electric power generating system." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i2a3165.
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The economic independence of any nation depends largely on the supply of abundant and reliable electric power and the extension of electricity services to all towns and villages in the country. In this work, the mathematical study of an electric power generating system model was presented via optimal control theory, in an attempt to maximize the power generating output and minimize the cost of generation. The factors affecting power generation at minimum cost are operating efficiencies of generators, fuel cost and transmission losses, but the most efficient generator in the system may not guarantee minimum cost as it may be located in an area where fuel cost is high. We choose the generator capacity as our control ui(t), since we cannot neglect the operation limitation on the equipment because of its lifespan, the upper bound for ui(t) is choosing to be 1 to represent the total capability of the machine and 0 to be the lower bound. The model is analyzed, generation loss free equilibrium and stability is established, and finally applications using real life data is presented using one generator and three generator systems respectively.
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Yang, Chao, Heyang Sun, Tong Li, Hengji Xie, Zhenjiang Lei, Jinliang Song, He Cai, Jiaxuan Yang, Gangjun Gong, and Shuai Ren. "Coupled Model and Node Importance Evaluation of Electric Power Cyber-Physical Systems Considering Carbon Power Flow." Energies 15, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 8223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218223.
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To improve the distributed carbon emission optimization control capability of the smart distribution network system, thereby reducing the carbon emissions in the distribution process, it is a very important issue to comprehensively analyze the importance of the node carbon emission flow of the smart distribution network. This paper transforms the power grid into a carbon emission flow network through power flow calculations: Based on the complex network theory, it determines the coupling scale of the two networks by means of the correlation coefficient method and the correlation matrix method, and establishes a coupling network model based on the carbon emission flow network; Combining the different business characteristics of carbon emission flow and information flow, an evaluation index system considering the dual-network coupling scale is established, and a multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation method that combines the Topsis and grey relational analysis method, that can objectively evaluate indicators that contain subjective components was proposed; The obtained node importance values can be used to determine the relative key line, greater sum node importance values represent a greater carbon emission impact of the line, providing a sequential basis for the carbon reduction and restructuring of the distribution network; Taking the 3-machine 9-node system as an example, the carbon flow distribution in the corresponding network is calculated, and the comprehensive importance value of the coupling node is calculated to analyze the rationality of this method.
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Voznyak, Oleksandr, Oleksii Tokarchuk, Andrii Shtuts, and Volodymyr Tykhonov. "ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF BRIDGE SCHEMES FOR JET POWER CONTROL." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 2(117) (August 30, 2022): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2022-2-16.
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Reactive power compensation is one of the components of improving the efficiency of electrical networks, the theoretical foundations of which were developed at the beginning of the last century by Frieze and Budenau. However, the development of effective control algorithms for reactive power compensation devices continues today. It is conducted in two directions - increasing the efficiency of the compensation process, which is mainly determined by the inertia of the control algorithm, and finding effective and compact methods for describing the components of the power of the electrical network. At present, the p-q instantaneous power theory proposed by Akagi and a number of other theories is widely used. The transition to electronic control methods of power devices, such as electric drive, radio transmitting devices - has dramatically increased the efficiency of such systems, but set an urgent task to ensure optimal conditions for power transmission to load, ie coordination of output stages of power amplifiers and actuators. Such coordination is provided at compensation of reactive components in output circles. To implement this task, it is advisable to use a controlled inductance and capacitance. At the same time, the use of traditional solutions used by varicaps or reactive transistors is limited by the technological possibilities of using varicaps at high reactive capacities. The use of an external power supply is a significant disadvantage, limiting the scope of controlled reactivity based on reactive transistors. Setting the DC mode of controlled reactivity transistors requires the use of additional batteries, blocking and filtering, which reduces the reliability of the device. The use of additional power supplies also reduces the energy efficiency of the device as a whole and limits the use of such devices only to low-power electronic components: frequency modulators, frequency tuners, etc. In power electronics, the power of controlled reactivity is energy inefficient.
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Rigatos, Gerasimos, Nikolaos Zervos, Krishna Busawon, Pierluigi Siano, and Masoud Abbaszadeh. "Differential flatness theory-based approach to the control of gas-turbine electric power generation units." IET Control Theory & Applications 14, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2018.5587.
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Burian, Serhii O., and Hanna Yu Zemlianukhina. "Neural network pressure observer for a turbomechanism electromecha- nical system powered by a wind generator." Applied Aspects of Information Technology 5, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/aait.05.2022.20.
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Ecological and economic production of electrical energy through the use ofalternative energy sources is an urgent direction due to the trend of increasing prices of energy carriers used in the electrical energy production and as a result of significant damage of the energy system of Ukraine in consequence of the war on the country territory.It is worth noting that in some areas it is possible to use only autonomous power generation systems, since the laying of electrical networks in these districts is impractical and unprofitable. Usually, the mentioned systems are basedon a combination of a wind or hydro turbine -drive motor, and an electric generator. Such systems are characterized by high resource, reliability, low cost,and complexity of maintenance. Sometimes people's lives and the possibility of communication withthe outside world depend on the operation of an autonomous electric power generation system, which is especially important in the conditions of martial law. At the same time, the lack of stabilization of the hydraulic networkpressureof the water supply system can lead to the household conditions aggravation, the emergency situations occurrence, and the technological process disruption.In view of the mentioned factors, there is a need to measure the pressure of the hydraulic network, which is possible byusing technological coordinatesobserversbuilt on the basis of the artificial networks theory. In the paper a modern turbomechanism electromechanical control systempowered by an alternative electrical energy source under the conditions of pressure stabilization of thehydraulic network when using atechnological coordinatesobserver, namely a pressure estimator, is proposed. A mathematical description of the main elements of the investigatedsystem is given. A hydraulic network pressure observerbased onthe artificial neural networks theory isbuilt and studied. Features of design and training of technological coordinate estimators based on neural networks with feedback are described. The operation of the sensorless system during thepressure stabilization at a given level when the resistance of the hydraulic network changes within the typical daily cycle of water consumption is considered on a specific example. The results and analysis of the investigationof the developed observerin standard and sensorless control systems are shown.
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Лаженко, А. С., and Т. Я. Біла. "ОЦІНКА ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СИСТЕМ КЕРУВАННЯ МОТОР-КОМПРЕСОРОМ ПОБУТОВОГО ХОЛОДИЛЬНИКА." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.5.
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Determining the rational structure of the automatic control system of the motor-compressor, which provides minimal energy losses when switching on and going to a steady state mode of operation of a household refrigerator. The methods of simulation modeling, comparative analysis, research of control systems and the main provisions of technical thermodynamics and the theory of automatic control are used in the work. The paper considers the principle of operation of the refrigeration unit of a household refrigerator, schematically shows its main elements and the relationship with the steam compression cycle. Simulation models of automatic control systems based on proportional-integral-differential controller, fuzzy and hybrid controllers have been developed. The proposed models allow to evaluate the quality of temperature control in the refrigeration compartment and to determine energy losses during transients. The results of computer simulation of transients in temperature control systems due to changes in the performance of the motor-compressor and the obtained values of power losses are presented. It is established that the smallest losses of the electric power at instant increase of heat inflows in refrigerating department occur at application of a fuzzy regulator. It is determined that the use of fuzzy controllers in automatic control systems reduces the duration of transients, the time of the first negotiation, the number of oscillations, but leads to static error and increases the maximum deviation from the set temperature in the refrigerator compartment. Simulation models of control systems of the motor-compressor of a household refrigerator for assessment of quality of regulation and definition of losses of the electric power during transient processes are developed. The ways to increase the energy efficiency of household refrigerators through the introduction of control systems with fuzzy regulators are proposed.
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Лаженко, А. С., and Т. Я. Біла. "ОЦІНКА ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СИСТЕМ КЕРУВАННЯ МОТОР-КОМПРЕСОРОМ ПОБУТОВОГО ХОЛОДИЛЬНИКА." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.5.
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Determining the rational structure of the automatic control system of the motor-compressor, which provides minimal energy losses when switching on and going to a steady state mode of operation of a household refrigerator. The methods of simulation modeling, comparative analysis, research of control systems and the main provisions of technical thermodynamics and the theory of automatic control are used in the work. The paper considers the principle of operation of the refrigeration unit of a household refrigerator, schematically shows its main elements and the relationship with the steam compression cycle. Simulation models of automatic control systems based on proportional-integral-differential controller, fuzzy and hybrid controllers have been developed. The proposed models allow to evaluate the quality of temperature control in the refrigeration compartment and to determine energy losses during transients. The results of computer simulation of transients in temperature control systems due to changes in the performance of the motor-compressor and the obtained values of power losses are presented. It is established that the smallest losses of the electric power at instant increase of heat inflows in refrigerating department occur at application of a fuzzy regulator. It is determined that the use of fuzzy controllers in automatic control systems reduces the duration of transients, the time of the first negotiation, the number of oscillations, but leads to static error and increases the maximum deviation from the set temperature in the refrigerator compartment. Simulation models of control systems of the motor-compressor of a household refrigerator for assessment of quality of regulation and definition of losses of the electric power during transient processes are developed. The ways to increase the energy efficiency of household refrigerators through the introduction of control systems with fuzzy regulators are proposed.
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Teera-achariyakul, Noppada, and Dulpichet Rerkpreedapong. "Optimal Preventive Maintenance Planning for Electric Power Distribution Systems Using Failure Rates and Game Theory." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 5172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145172.
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Current electric utilities must achieve reliability enhancement of considerable distribution feeders with an economical budget. Thus, optimal preventive maintenance planning is required to balance the benefits and costs of maintenance programs. In this research, the proposed method determines the time-varying failure rate of each feeder to evaluate the likelihood of future interruptions. Meanwhile, the consequences of feeder interruptions are estimated using interruption energy rates, customer-minutes of interruption, and total kVA of service areas. Then, the risk is assessed and later treated as an opportunity for mitigating the customer interruption costs by planned preventive maintenance tasks. Subsequently, cooperative game theory is exploited in the proposed method to locate a decent balance between the benefits of reliability enhancement and the costs required for preventive maintenance programs. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through case studies of large power distribution networks of 12 service regions, including 3558 medium-voltage distribution feeders. The preventive maintenance plans resulting from the proposed method present the best compromise of benefits and costs compared with the conventional approach that requires a pre-specified maintenance budget.
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Blinov, A. O., A. V. Borisov, L. V. Konchina, and K. S. Maslova. "Model of the supporting leg of an anthropomorphous robot or exoskeleton with two movable links taking into account the dynamics of the electric drive. Power engineering: research, equipment, technology." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 2 (June 13, 2022): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-2-147-159.
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Currently, the direction associated with the development of exoskeletons and anthropomorphic robots is experiencing rapid growth due to the increase in the computing power of microprocessors and the breakthrough development of the theory of control of complex systems, including electromechanical systems that simulate the biomechanics of the human musculoskeletal system. This paper presents a controlled mechatronic robotic model of the support leg of an anthropomorphic robot or exoskeleton with two moving links.GOAL. Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the supporting leg of an exoskeleton or an anthropomorphic mechanism in the form of two moving links.METHODS. The main difference between the model presented in this study and those created earlier is the use of angles counted between links corresponding to the case of real operation of electric drives. To achieve the goal of the work, the methods of robotics, mathematical modeling, mechatronics, theoretical mechanics, the study of systems of ordinary differential equations, control theory, empirical data for the human musculoskeletal system were applied.RESULTS. For the model of the mechanism, a system of Lagrange equations of the second kind is written, direct and inverse problems of dynamics are solved for a given program control of the motion of a mechatronic robotic system. The results are presented graphically and as an animated visualization of the movement of the links. Calculations were carried out both without taking into account the dynamics of electric drives, and taking into account the rotation of the rotors of electric motors. It has been established that the influence of the dynamics of the rotor of the electric motor on the mechanism is significant.CONCLUSION. The developed methods for setting the program movement of the supporting leg of an exoskeleton or an anthropomorphic robot made it possible to solve direct and inverse problems of dynamics and establish the need to take into account the rotating rotor of an electric motor.
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Tran, Manh Tuan, Sarath Thekkan, Hakan Polat, Dai-Duong Tran, Mohamed El Baghdadi, and Omar Hegazy. "Inductive Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Low-Voltage and High-Current Electric Mobility Applications: Review and Design Example." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 2953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16072953.
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Along with the technology boom regarding electric vehicles such as lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, and plug-in charging systems, inductive power transfer (IPT) systems have gained more attention from academia and industry in recent years. This article presents a review of the state-of-the-art development of IPT systems, with a focus on low-voltage and high-current electric mobility applications. The fundamental theory, compensation topologies, magnetic coupling structures, power electronic architectures, and control methods are discussed and further considered in terms of several aspects, including efficiency, coil misalignments, and output regulation capability. A 3D finite element software (Ansys Maxwell) is used to validate the magnetic coupler performance. In addition, a 2.5 kW 400/48 V IPT system is proposed to address the challenges of low-voltage and high-current wireless charging systems. In this design, an asymmetrical double-sided LCC compensation topology and a passive current balancing method are proposed to provide excellent current sharing capability in the dual-receiver structures under both resonant component mismatch and misalignment conditions. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is verified by MATLAB/PSIM simulation results.
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Afzal, Muhammad Zeshan, Muhammad Aurangzeb, Sheeraz Iqbal, Mukesh Pushkarna, Anis Ur Rehman, Hossam Kotb, Kareem M. AboRas, Nahar F. Alshammari, Mohit Bajaj, and Viktoriia Bereznychenko. "A Novel Electric Vehicle Battery Management System Using an Artificial Neural Network-Based Adaptive Droop Control Theory." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (July 28, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2581729.
Full textAbstract:
The novelty of this research lies in the development of a new battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles, which utilizes an artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic-based adaptive droop control theory. This innovative approach offers several advantages over traditional BMS systems, such as decentralized control architecture, communication-free capability, and improved reliability. The proposed BMS control system incorporates an adaptive virtual admittance, which adjusts the value of the virtual admittance based on the current state of charge (SOC) of each battery cell. This allows the connected battery cells to share the load evenly during charging and discharging, which improves the overall performance and efficiency of the electric vehicle. The effectiveness of the proposed control structure was verified through simulation and experimental prototype testing with three linked battery cells. The small signal model testing demonstrated the stability of the control, while the experimental results confirmed the system’s ability to evenly distribute the load among battery cells during charging and discharging. We introduce a unique battery management system (BMS) for electric cars in this paper. Our suggested BMS was implemented and tested satisfactorily on a 100 kWh lithium-ion battery pack. When compared to typical BMS systems, the results show a surprising 15% increase in overall energy efficiency. Furthermore, the adaptive virtual admission function resulted in a 20% boost in battery life. These large gains in energy efficiency and battery longevity demonstrate our BMS’s efficacy and superiority over competing systems. Overall, the proposed BMS represents a significant innovation in the field of electric vehicle battery management. This combination of ANN and adaptive droop control theory based on fuzzy logic provides a highly efficient, reliable, and economical solution for EV battery cell management.