Academic literature on the topic 'Electric relays. Factories Electric power distribution'
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Journal articles on the topic "Electric relays. Factories Electric power distribution"
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Goh, Hui Hwang, Sy yi Sim, Dahir Khere Diblawe, Mortar Mohamed Ali, Chin Wan Ling, Qing Shi Chua, and Kai Chen Goh. "Energy Power Plant in Electric Power Distribution Systems Equipping With Distance Protection." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp192-198.
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<p>This paper suggests the theory of distance protection criteria in power distribution systems for power plant generation. Multi-developed countries have energy power plants that placed in remote areas which are far from the grid line. Hence, they should be coupled to the low power transportation systems necessarily. While higher-rating relays are adopted to preserve feeders at power substations, fuses are merely obtainable outside on feeder channel. The safe system process, space protection is dispatched to save feeders. In this review, feeders with distance relays are equipped, together with over-current protection relays and fuses. Energy power plant having distance protection system is designed the implemented system was a 6-MW unit of compressed power energy reproduction. The sample feeder was shortened to be equal four-bus experiment feeder for transmitting resolution. The fault currents have chances adopted to form protecting regions of distance relays. Protection of the power line through the designed power plants for distance relaying can decrease problem in relay location because of the impedance-based location of the distance relay. </p>
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Nikolovski, Srete, Dragan Mlakić, and Emir Alibašić. "Thermal and Arc Flash Analysis of Electric Motor Drives in Distribution Networks." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 8, no. 2 (2017): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.8.2.2.
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The paper presents thermal analysis and arc flash analysis taking care of protection relays coordination settings for electric motor drives connected to the electrical network. Power flow analysis is performed to check if there are any voltage and loading violation conditions in the system. Fault analysis is performed to check the short circuit values and compute arc flash energy dissipated at industrial busbars to eliminate damage to electrical equipment and electrical shocks and hazard to personnel. Computers enable the use of smart algorithms used by electrical engineers in providing accuracy of these actions. A fast and accurate procedure for proper incident arc flash energy computation and overcurrent relays coordination in distribution networks is presented. The paper presents the use of the Arc Flash module for arc flash energy computation during the short circuit on LV and HV busbars with soft motor starters. A sample case of one real network is presented which uses soft motor starters as well as the influence on arc flash energy in one transformer station supplying the industrial network in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Beder, Heba, Ebrahim A. Badran, Ahmed Y. Hatata, and Magdi M. Elsaadawi. "Inrush current detection enhancement for legacy overcurrent relays in north delta electric distribution company." Electric Power Systems Research 201 (December 2021): 107517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107517.
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Reda, Abdallah, Prof. M.Farahat, Prof. Amal F.Abdelgawad, and Associate Prof. A.T.M Taha. "Investigation of The DGs Effect on The Coordination Between Protective Elements in Distribution Network." International Journal of Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss4.1402.
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Addition of Distributed Generators (DGs) to the electric network have more advantages to the network. It improves the voltage profile and the power flow in the network. In the last decade, DGs is used in power system, especially the distribution system. Coordination study for protective devices must be performed on the distribution network with DGs to reach selectivity with minimum clearance time of fault. Due to DG insertion to the electric system, the short circuit level is changed and coordination between protective elements should be done. This paper presents a technique to avoid the miscoordination problem between protective devices due to the impact of DG units insertion without any additional costs. The proposed technique depend on activating and updating the setting of network relays to achieve correct coordination. Also, it doesn't need any additional costs or any additional equipement to be installed in the electric network. This paper make studies on a real radial system of power transformer with its feeders of a 66kV utility substation before and after adding DGs. ETAP software is used to simulate the network under study.
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Austin, Oshin Ola, Oluwasanmi Alonge, and Ajayi Joseph Adeniyi. "Fault Diagnosis Algorithm and Protection of Electric Power Systems in an Alternative Distribution System." Journal La Multiapp 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v1i3.192.
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In any power systems, protective devices will detect fault conditions and operate circuit breakers in order to disconnect the load from the fault current and limit loss of service due to failure. This fault may involve one or more phases and the ground, or may occur between two or more phases in a three-phase systems. In ground, fault’ or ‘earth fault, current flows into the earth. In a poly-phase system, a fault may affect each of the three phases equally which is a symmetrical fault. If only some phases are affected, the resulting ‘asymmetrical fault’ becomes more complicated to analyze due to the simplifying assumption of equal current magnitude in all the phases being no longer applicable. Therefore, the prospective short circuit current of the fault can be calculated for power systems analysis procedures. This will assist in the choice of protective devices like circuit breakers, current transformers and relays. This research work evaluated and analyzed the occurrence of faults in a distribution system. Fault currents were obtained and the maximum tripping time required for the protective devices to operate were determined. Hence, it was possible to select appropriate relay and circuit breaker for effective operation of a distribution
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Arzul, Ija Darmana, Erliwati, Adiv Rama Salvayer, and Tris Safri Yetno. "Analysis of Characteristics Over Current Relay and Ground Fault Relay on Feeder Rayon Tabing." MATEC Web of Conferences 248 (2018): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824802006.
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The reliability of power distribution of PT PLN (Persero) branch of Padang especially in Rayon Tabing most of the repeaters is still not optimal. This is due to an uncoordinated protection relay on each feeder. One effort made to improve the reliability of electric power is to rearrange the protection of overcurrent relays and ground disturbance relays on the feeder. So coordinated with each other well and is expected if there is interference in one of the repeater will not bring black out on other repeater. In this research we analyzed short circuit current at 20 kV side. From the analysis results obtained new relay protection settings based on the calculation of short-circuit current settings and compare the results with existing protection relays. By making efforts to improve the reliability of electric power is to rearrange the protection relay on each feeder. Based on short circuit current analysis on each repeater, the largest short circuit in 3 phase, 2 phase, and 1 phase disturbance is located at 1% disturbance location and the smallest disturbance is at 100% disturbance location. It can be concluded that the farther the location of the disturbance that occurs the smaller the disturbance, and vice versa, if the location of the disturbance that occurs closer then the greater the noise flow.
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Sharma, Vipul, and Mrs Madhu Upadhyay. "Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Power Grid - Survey." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 6, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijo-science.v6i1.251.
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Introduction of Distributed Energy Sources (DES) is the highest change happening to the distribution network. This paper describes different types of current limiting methods which reduce the magnitude of the fault current. The interconnected distributed energy sources to the conventional grid improves the power generation capacity of the power system but also increases the magnitude of fault current which cannot tolerate by the short-circuit ratings of the circuit breaker, relays, isolator etc. This paper reviews on the innovative electric equipment i.e. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), which reduces fault current magnitude in first cycle of fault current. Keywords: Distributed Energy Sources, Fault current, Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), Protection Equipment.
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Sharma, Vipul, and Mrs Madhu Upadhyay. "Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Power Grid - Survey." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 6, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v6i1.251.
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Introduction of Distributed Energy Sources (DES) is the highest change happening to the distribution network. This paper describes different types of current limiting methods which reduce the magnitude of the fault current. The interconnected distributed energy sources to the conventional grid improves the power generation capacity of the power system but also increases the magnitude of fault current which cannot tolerate by the short-circuit ratings of the circuit breaker, relays, isolator etc. This paper reviews on the innovative electric equipment i.e. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), which reduces fault current magnitude in first cycle of fault current. Keywords: Distributed Energy Sources, Fault current, Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL), Protection Equipment.
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Hong, Ying-Yi, and Wei-Shun Huang. "Locating High-Impedance Fault Section in Electric Power Systems Using Wavelet Transform,k-Means, Genetic Algorithms, and Support Vector Machine." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/823720.
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High-impedance faults (HIFs) caused by downed conductors in electric power systems are in general difficult to be detected using traditional protection relays due to small fault currents. The energized downed conductor can pose a safety risk to the public and cause a fire hazard. This paper presents a new method for locating the line (feeder) section of the HIF with the help of limited measurements in electric power systems. The discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the features of transients caused by HIFs. A modifiedk-means algorithm associated with genetic algorithms is then utilized to determine the placement of measurement facilities. The signal energies attained by wavelet coefficients serve as inputs to the support vector machine for locating the HIF line section. The simulation results obtained from an 18-busbar distribution system show the applicability of the proposed method.
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Suprianto. "The Implementation of ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch) System Between Solar Power Plants and Grid Systems for the Household Electric Power Service to Maintain Sustainability and Save Electricity Costs." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 3136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9150.
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The continuity of electric power service is a major factor determining electrical customer satisfaction. Research on the implementation of the ATS system between solar cells and grid system as a supplier of electrical power to household electrical loads for continuity and savings in electricity consumption costs aims to design an ATS system for delivering electrical power to the load system that can maintain the continuity of the supply of electricity, reducing costs electricity consumption while reducing dependence on grid electricity supply. The specific target to be achieved in this research is to design an ATS system for the distribution of electric power between grid system and solar power system and find out the cost of savings while maintaining continuity of electricity services, so that electricity consumers can benefit from technical and economic aspects. The method used in this study is an experimental method that is designing an electrical power supply ATS system to get the results of a good design and as planned. The equipment used is solar panels, relays, timers, inverters, household electrical loads, contactors, electrical measuring devices, temperature gauges and light intensity, battery systems and control panels. The results showed that the automatic transfer switch must attention to the design of an accurate and meticulous to avoid damage to the inverter. So that continuity of service of electric power is maintained. Electric power service using a solar cell system with 2 units of 100 Ah batteries and 6 units of 100 Wp solar panels can serve household electrical loads for 1 day of battery charging and discharging, 1 day of battery charging and 1 day of battery discharging with average electric energy generated at 1485 W-hours. Costs can be saved in 1 month if the price of electricity is Rp. 1352/Kwh, is Rp. 20,104.-/month with an investment cost of Rp. 27,956,000.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electric relays. Factories Electric power distribution"
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Hamilton, Hymiar. "An impact study of DC protection techniques for shipboard power systems." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-07062007-144823.
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Delvecchi, Esloany Daisy Carniatto. "Análise de novos sinais para a detecção de ilhamento de geradores síncronos distribuídos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259999.
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Orientadores: Walmir de Freitas Filho, José Carlos de Melo Vieira JúniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T11:09:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Delvecchi_EsloanyDaisyCarniatto_M.pdf: 1048681 bytes, checksum: 837e57f3ee3363dd7bb9f49a72408fe1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Geradores síncronos conectados em redes de distribuição de energia elétrica estão sujeitos a operarem de forma ilhada após a ocorrência de distúrbios na rede elétrica. Ilhamento ocorre quando uma parte da rede de distribuição torna-se eletricamente isolada da fonte de energia principal (subestação), mas continua a ser energizada por geradores distribuídos conectados no subsistema isolado. A prática atualmente utilizada pelas concessionárias e recomendada nos principais guias técnicos é desconectar todos os geradores tão logo ocorra um ilhamento. Tipicamente, é necessário detectar uma situação de ilhamento em menos de dois segundos, dependendo, principalmente, do tempo de operação dos religadores automáticos. Os métodos mais comuns e baratos para detectar ilhamento compreendem relés baseados em medidas de freqüência (sub/sobrefrequência, taxa de variação de frequência e "salto de vetor") e o relé de tensão. No entanto, esses relés podem falhar se os níveis de desbalanço de potência ativa e reativa no subsistema ilhado forem pequenos. Portanto, o objetivo dessa dissertação é investigar a potencialidade de novos sinais para detectar ilhamento de geradores síncronos distribuídos, como forma de substituição ou complementação aos dispositivos de proteção anti-ilhamento convencionais. Os sinais analisados neste trabalho são taxa de variação da potência ativa (dP/dt), a relação Volts por Hertz (V/Hz), a variação da impedância (Z) medida no ponto de acoplamento comum (PAC), e a diferença angular ('delta' 'teta') entre as tensões medidas no PAC e na subestação. A investigação é baseada no levantamento de um conjunto de curvas relacionando tempo de detecção e desbalanço de potência ativa/reativa e nas zonas de não detecção, as quais fornecem os pontos de operação para os quais o relé em estudo falha na detecção do ilhamento. As curvas e as zonas são obtidas através de simulações de transitórios eletromagnéticos trifásicas considerando diferentes perfis de carga-geração na rede ilhada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os sinais analisados têm um grande potencial para esse tipo de aplicação, porém são sujeitos à atuação indevida no caso da ocorrência de eventos que não sejam ilhamentos na rede de distribuição. Assim, uma análise de falsa operação também é conduzida e são propostas melhorias para minimizar e/ou eliminar a atuação indevida desses relés aqui investigados
Abstract: Synchronous generators connected to distribution power networks are likely to operate islanded following faults clearance in the system. Islanding occurs when a portion of the distribution system becomes electrically isolated from the substation, yet it continues energized by distributed generators connected to the islanded system. Utilities and standards recommend the disconnection of distributed generators immediately after islanding occurrences, otherwise it can lead to a number of problems to the generator and the connected loads. Typically, it is required to detect an islanding situation faster than two seconds after the island formation, depending, mainly, on the operation time of automatic reclosers. The most common and economical methods to detect islanding include the relays based on measures of frequency (under/over frequency, rate of change of frequency and vector surge) and voltage. However, these relays can fail if the active and reactive power imbalance levels in the islanded system are small. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to investigate the potentiality of new signals to detect islanding of distributed synchronous generators, as replacement or complement to conventional protection anti-islanding devices. The signals analyzed in this research are the rate of change of generator active power (dP/dt), the ratio Volts per Hertz (V/Hz), impedance variation (Z) measured at the point of common coupling (PCC), and the angular difference ('delta' 'teta') between the voltage angle measured at the PCC and at the utility substation. The investigation is based on a set of curves, which relate time of islanding detection and active/reactive power imbalance and on the nondetection zones, which provide the operating points for which the relay fails to detect the islanding. These are obtained through electromagnetic transient three-phase simulations considering different profiles of generation-load in the islanded network. The results show that the signals analyzed have a huge potential for this type of application, however, their performance can decrease in case of occurrence of non-islanding events in the distribution system. Thereby, an analysis of false operation is conducted in order to propose improvements to minimize and/or to eliminate improper behavior of these relays
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Mnguni, Mkhululi Elvis Siyanda. "Investigation of the application of IEC61850 standard in distribution busbar protection schemes." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1071.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
Supervisor: Prof. R. Tzoneva
Co-supervisor: Prof. P. Petev
2013Busbars are the most important components in the distribution networks. Faults on the busbar are uncommon, however an occurrence of a busbar fault can lead to a major loss of power. Busbars are the areas in a substation where the levels of current are high and therefore the protective relay application is very critical. In order for the protection scheme to be successful it is important to carry out the following specifications: Selectivity, Stability, Sensitivity, and Speed. To meet all of the above requirements protection must be reliable, meaning that the protection scheme must trip when called up to do so (dependability) and it must not trip when it’s not supposed to (security). The thesis focuses on the reverse blocking busbar protection scheme with aim to improve the speed of its operation and at the same time to increase operational reliability, flexibility and stability of the protection during external and internal faults by implementation of the extended functionality provided by the IEC61850 standard-based protective IEDs. The practical implementation of the scheme by the use of IEC 61850 standard communication protocol is investigated. The research analyzes in detail the reverse blocking busbar protection scheme that is used at the moment in the power systems and it develops an improved IEC 61850 based reverse blocking busbar protection scheme for a distribution network. The proposed scheme is designed for a radial type of a distribution network and is modeled and simulated in the DigSILENT software environment for various faults on the busbar and its outgoing feeders. The results from the simulations are used further for implementation of the designed protection scheme. A laboratory test bench is build using three compliant with the IEC 61850 standard ABB IEDs 670 series, CMC 356 Omicron test injection device, PC, MOXA switch, and a DC power supplier. Two ways of the reverse blocking signals between the IEDs implementation are considered: hard wired and Ethernet communication by using IEC 61850 standard GOOSE messages. Comparative experimental study of the operational trip response speed of the two implementation shows that the performance of the protection scheme for the case of Ethernet communication is better The thesis findings and deliverables will be used for postgraduate studies of other students, research, short courses, and solution of industrial problems. Keywords: Busbar, Power system, reverse busbar blocking scheme; IEC61850; Distribution, Protection relays, IEDs, GOOSE message, laboratory test bench
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Júnior, Elói Rufato. "Aplicação de sistema especialista para localização de defeitos em redes de distribuição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-25052016-110422/.
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Com o objetivo de orientar e agilizar a busca do local de curto circuitos em redes primárias aéreas de distribuição de energia, esta pesquisa propõe uma metodologia para localização de áreas com maior probabilidade de ser sede do defeito, utilizando variáveis Heurísticas. A metodologia Heurística se aplica em problemas que envolvem variáveis com incertezas, que podem ser avaliadas por meio de recursos empíricos e na experiência de especialistas. Dentre as variáveis influentes no cálculo de curto circuito, foram consideradas como mais relevantes: a resistência de defeito, a tensão pré falta, a impedância do sistema equivalente a montante da subestação e a impedância da rede. A metodologia proposta se fundamenta no conhecimento das correntes e tensões oscilografadas no barramento da subestação por ocasião da ocorrência de um curto circuito e, por outro lado no pré-calculo de correntes de curto circuito heurísticas ao longo da rede. No âmbito da pesquisa foram realizados testes de campo para levantamento da variável heurística resistência de defeito, resumidos neste texto e documentados no CD - ROM em anexo. Foi desenvolvido um software que permitiu a efetiva aplicação da proposta desta pesquisa em vários alimentadores de uma Distribuidora, cujos resultados comprovaram a eficiência da metodologia.With the aim of guiding and speeding up the search of a short circuits place in primary networks of energy distribution this research proposes a methodology for locating higher probability areas of fault, making use of Heuristic variables. The Heuristic methodology is applied in problems that involve variables with uncertainties, which can be evaluated with empirical tools and specialists experience. Among the influential variables in the short circuit calculation, as most relevant were considered: the faults resistance, the pre fault tension, the equivalent system impedance upstream of the substation and the electrical grid impedance. The proposed methodology relies on the knowledge of currents and tensions oscillografed in the substation bus in consequence of a short circuit and, in another way on the pre calculation of heuristic short circuit currents along the grid. In the research scope field tests were performed with the aim of collecting the fault resistance heuristic variable, resumed in this text and documented on the CD-ROM attached. A software that allowed the actual implementation of this researchs purpose in various feeders of a distributor has been developed, with results that confirmed the efficiency of this methodology.
Books on the topic "Electric relays. Factories Electric power distribution"
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S, Gelʹfand I͡A. Releĭnai͡a zashchita raspredelitelʹnykh seteĭ. 2nd ed. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 1987.
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., IEEE Industry Applications Society. Power Systems Engineering Committee., and IEEE Industry Applications Society. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Committee., eds. IEEE recommended practice for electric power distribution for industrial plants. 6th ed. New York, NY, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1986.
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Shabad, M. A. Raschety releĭnoĭ zashchity i avtomatiki raspredelitelʹnykh seteĭ. 3rd ed. Leningrad: Ėnergoatomizdat, Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1985.
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Kiorsak, M. V. Opredelenie ėlektricheskikh velichin i releĭnai͡a︡ zashchita USVL. Kishinev: "Shtiint͡s︡a", 1988.
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Ryzhavskiĭ, G. I͡A. Naladka VCh kanalov releĭnoĭ zashchity. 2nd ed. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 1988.
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Energy reduction through improved maintenance practices. New York: Industrial Press, 1999.
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Gerhard, Ziegler. Numerical differential protection: Principles and applications. 2nd ed. Erlangen [Germany]: Publicis Pub., 2012.
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Industrial & Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference (1994 Irvine, Calif.). 1994 IEEE industrial and commercial power systems technical conference: Conference record : papers presented at the 1994 annual meeting, Radisson Plaza Hotel, Irvine, California, May 1-5, 1994. Piscataway: IEEE, 1994.
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L, Herman Stephen, ed. Electrical wiring industrial. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning, 2008.
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L, Herman Stephen, ed. Electrical wiring industrial. Albany, N.Y: Delmar Publishers, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Electric relays. Factories Electric power distribution"
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Nadeau, Robert. "The New Story of Humanity : Brains, Minds, and the Environmental Crisis." In Rebirth of the Sacred. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199942367.003.0005.
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While sitting in a window seat during a flight from San Francisco to Washington, D.C. about twenty years ago, I had an experience that changed the course of my life. On the ground below, vast numbers of trucks and mile-long strings of railroad cars were moving along extensive networks of highways and tracks that threaded out in all directions, like a circulator system in some giant organism. Products from factories and farms were flowing through these arteries toward distant cities and coastal ports, and raw materials were flowing in the other direction to processing and manufacturing plants. In my mind’s eye, the web-like connections between electric power plants, transformers, cables, lines, phones, radios, televisions, and computers resembled the spine and branches of a central nervous system, and the centers of production, distribution, and exchange and all connections between them within the global economy. This conjured up the image of a superorganism feeding off the living system of the planet and extending its bodily organization and functions into every ecological niche. I realized, of course, that the global economic system is not an organism. It is a vast network of technological products and processes that members of our species created in an effort to enhance their material well-being. But this system does in ecological terms feed off the system of life on this planet and extend its organization into every ecological niche. After my plane landed at Dulles International Airport, I asked a simple question that required years of research to adequately answer. How did members of one species among the millions of species that have existed on this planet manage to increase their numbers and the scope and scale of their activities to the point where the capacity of the system of life on an entire planet to support their existence is being undermined? The answer is that our species, fully modern humans, evolved against all odds the capacity to acquire and use fully complex language systems.
Conference papers on the topic "Electric relays. Factories Electric power distribution"
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Short, T. A., D. D. Sabin, and M. F. McGranaghan. "Using PQ Monitoring and Substation Relays for Fault Location on Distribution Systems." In 2007 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/repcon.2007.369552.
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Velaga, Yaswanth Nag, Kumaraguru Prabakar, Akanksha Singh, and Pankaj K. Sen. "Traveling Wave Relays for Distribution Feeder Protection with High Penetrations of Distributed Energy Resources." In 2021 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference (REPC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/repc48665.2021.00016.
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Tawney, Rattan, Cheryl Pearson, and Mona Brown. "Options to Maximize Power Output for Merchant Plants in Combined Cycle Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0409.
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Deregulation and growth in the power industry are causing dramatic changes in power production and distribution. The demand for peak power and potentially high revenues due to premium electricity rates has attracted independent developers to the concept of Merchant Power Plants (MPPs). Over 100,000 MW of greenfield capacity is currently being developed through approximately 200 merchant plants in North America. These MPPs will have no captive customers or long-term power purchase agreements, but will rely on selling electricity into a volatile electricity spot market. Because of this, MPPs need the capability to export as much power as possible on demand. MPPs must also have the capability to produce significant assets in order to compete in the marketplace, based on both technical and commercial operation factors such as value engineering, life-cycle cost management, and information technology. It is no surprise then, that almost all merchant project developers have specified combined cycle (CC) technology. The CC power plant offers the highest thermal efficiency of all electric generating systems commercially available today. It also exhibits low capital costs, low emissions, fuel and operating flexibility, low operation and maintenance costs, short installation schedule, and high reliability/availability. However, since gas turbines (GTs) are the basis for CC power plants, these plants experience power output reductions in the range of 10 to 15 percent during summer months, the period most associated with peak power demand. In order to regain this loss of output as well as to provide additional power to meet peak demands, the most common options are GT inlet fogging, GT steam injection, and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) supplemental firing. This paper focuses on plant design, cycle performance, and the economics of plant configuration associated with these options. Guidelines are presented in this paper to assist the owner in selecting power enhancement options for the MPP that will maximize their Return on Equity (ROE).
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Yang, Jianfeng, Handing Wang, Xiaoming Zhang, Bingchen Feng, Weijin Wang, and Zhao Wang. "Seismic Risk Analysis of the 380VAC Emergency Electrical Power Distribution Cabinets of a Nuclear Power Plant in China." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66548.
Full textAbstract:
According to the research of the operating principle, installation position and running environment of the 380VAC emergency electrical power distribution cabinets (Hereinafter referred to as electrical cabinets) of a nuclear power plant in China, there are three aspects caused by earthquake that seriously affect the safety of the electrical cabinets, including relay chatter, failure of electrical cabinet structure and spatial interactions. Relay chatter refers to contacts of the relay being changed during the period of strong shaking. It may lead to associated circuits malfunction and the equipment failure of the relay control unless it can be effectively reset. The purpose of relay chatter is to find out these relays whose consequences are unacceptable after earthquake and calculate failure probability. Failure of electrical cabinet structure in the earthquake is to carry out seismic fragility evaluation. The goal of seismic fragility evaluation is to assess a given value which describes the ground acceleration capacity and the corresponding uncertainties, and then, the conditional probability of failure as a function of peak ground acceleration [PGA] and a family of fragility curves can be obtained. In this paper, finite element model of the electrical cabinet is established using ANSYS Workbench software. According to the electric cabinets seismic failure mode, we take some of the parameters including the parameters of the floor response spectrum, material strength parameters and so on as the input to calculate the median ground acceleration capacity and the corresponding uncertain parameters. The seismic spatial interactions are defined as the electrical cabinet destroyed due to the surrounding objects failure by falling, collapse, etc. Therefore, if necessary, it is needed to evaluate the seismic fragility of the surrounding objects. Usually through walking down, checking the design drawings or the combination of the above methods, we can find out the surrounding objects for an electric cabinet. So we analyze the seismic risk of the electrical cabinet from the above three aspects. When the results of the above three aspects obtained, we convolute of the electrical cabinet fragility with the seismic hazard curve which represents the frequency of occurrence of earthquake motions at various levels of intensity at the site. Then Monte Carlo sampling is adopted to analyze the uncertainty distribution. In this article, Risk Spectrum Professional software (reference 8) and Risk Spectrum Hazard lite software (reference 9) are used to complete the calculation and get some quantitative seismic risk insights. The above seismic risk insights can support the establishment of seismic probabilistic safety analysis model (Hereinafter referred to as SPSA) for a nuclear power plant, which helps to formulate seismic improvement strategies.