To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Electric transport.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electric transport'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Electric transport.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Czech, Christopher D. "Charge effects in bilayer electric transport." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202500357/.
Full text
2
Forster, I. "The hybrid electric vehicle." Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9531/.
Full text
3
Landreman, Matthew Joseph. "Electric fields and transport in optimized stellarators." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68874.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-124).
Recent stellarator experiments have been designed with one of two types of neoclassical optimization: quasisymmetry or quasi-isodynamism. Both types of stellarator have perfectly confined collisionless particle orbits as well as one additional feature. Quasisymmetric plasmas have minimal flow damping, which may lead to reduced turbulent transport. Quasi-isodynamic plasmas can have vanishing bootstrap current, implying less variation in the magnetic configuration as the pressure changes and also implying greater stability. Analytical expressions for neoclassical transport in a general stellarator are complicated, so it is desirable to find reduced expressions for ideal limiting cases to provide insight. Here, new neoclassical expressions are derived for a quasi-isodynamic plasma. The Pfirsch-Schliiter flow and current can be written concisely as an integral of B. The remaining components of the flow and bootstrap current are identical to those in a quasi-poloidally symmetric device. A compact expression is derived for the radial electric field Er which is largely independent of the details of the magnetic field. Another issue in the neoclassical theory of stellarators which has not been fully resolved is the validity of the so-called monoenergetic approximation, in which ad-hoc changes are made to Er terms in the kinetic equation to expedite numerical computations. Here we show that at least in a quasisymmetric plasma, this approximate treatment of Er leads to a significant and systematic underestimation of the trapped particle fraction. This distortion of the collisionless orbits is independent of any approximations made to the collision operator. For ideal quasisymmetric and quasi-isodynamic plasmas, new neoclassical expressions are derived in which this problematic monoenergetic approximation is avoided. In the quasisymmetric case, results are presented in both the banana regime and plateau regime for the ion flow, ion radial heat flux, and bootstrap current. The bootstrap current is found to be enhanced. For the quasi-isodynamic case, new Er-driven contributions to the distribution function are obtained. The flow and bootstrap current turn out to be modified by the same numerical coefficient as in the quasisymmetric case.
by Matthew Joseph Landreman.
Ph.D.
4
Jackson, Spencer Scott. "Safety Aware Platooning of Automated Electric Transport Vehicles." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1746.
Full textAbstract:
Safety is a paramount concern when considering implementation of an automated highway where computers control the vehicles. Even with computer-fast reaction time there is inevitably some delay and if vehicles do not follow at safe distances, emergency braking maneuvers can cause dangerous collisions. This research investigates situations that might make automated vehicles have dangerous collisions and what standards the system design must hold to keep passengers safe.
5
Tempest, Andrew S. "Extending the range of electric vehicles." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278061.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the research project was to evaluate the effectiveness of auxiliary energy storage systems, used in addition to a battery, for extending the range of an electric vehicle. Initially, the work focused around the use of a high speed flywheel to complement the electric vehicle battery. The work was then extended to cover auxiliary energy storage in general. Practical work was carried out using a Bedford/Chloride CF Van, which was equipped with various sensors by Bristol Polytechnic. Using measurements carried out on milk rounds in the local area, a driving cycle was derived, and used to characterise the CF van. This was in turn used to create a pro-forma for a typical battery current demand profile experienced during the driving cycle. Laboratory testing was carried out by repeatedly putting the battery through this basic current cycle. Further cycles were then derived from the basic cycle. These were designed to show the effect of various amounts of auxiliary storage on battery current demand, and hence overall energy output. These were used with the battery in the same way as the basic cycle, allowing a comparison of the battery with and without energy storage. At the same time as the laboratory work was being done, a computer simulation of the Bedford CF was written. Having validated the model against both laboratory results and road test data, it was used to extend the results derived in the laboratory more generally. This was done by running simulated driving cycles for different battery conditions, by varying the performance of the simulated vehicle transmission, and by using different driving cycles. Flywheel auxiliary storage was also simulated, and its efficiency varied. Results from the project establish criteria by which auxiliary storage systems may be judged, by comparing them with the battery alone, and also for comparing regenerative and non-regenerative battery current cycles. This framework is then used to create general criteria which auxiliary energy storage systems must meet if they are to be effective. Possible avenues for future work are also put forward.
6
Nashed, Rose-Marie. "Electric roads as future road transport : A study of Electric Road System (ERS) to facilitate sustainable road transport for passenger cars." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-250892.
Full textAbstract:
Sweden is a geographically large and sparsely populated country, with a need for road transport for individuals as well as for logistics. Domestic road transport largely contributes to air pollutions, where passenger cars account for the largest share. Looking ahead, the present rate of reduction of emissions is not enough to reach the climate targets of a fossil free transport sector. Electric road system (ERS) has emerged to deal with drawbacks of electric vehicles. Several solutions are being evaluated at demonstration projects. Until now, ERS is mainly associated with heavy vehicles and the relation to passenger cars is not as clear, where this study explores the social advantages of ERS and passenger cars. A case study is conducted, where an ERS implementation between Helsingborg and Malmö as part of the European route E6 in Sweden is modelled. The NPV with an economic lifespan of 20 years and an interest rate of 3.5 percent amounts to 350 MSEK, considered as high profitable. The CO2 emissions of the studied system would be reduced by 102 000 tonnes CO2, corresponding to a decrease of about 60 percent. Looking at the studied system, heavy trucks are contributing to the most impact. Nevertheless, there is great potential for passenger cars utilising ERS to decrease their emissions and fuel costs. Several semi-structured interviews have been conducted to highlight the prevailing views of ERS and passenger cars and the impact of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) for decision-making of transport investments. Several diverse views of ERS and passenger cars exist. ERS is a large investment, where the main need is among heavy vehicles. However, the profitability would increase as the amount of vehicles utilising ERS increases. In a future road transport system, it is possible that several technologies such as ERS, fast chargers and autonomous vehicles could be utilised simultaneous, and complete each other rather than being substitutes. It is conceivable that ERS is planned out of the needs of heavy vehicles, where passenger cars might benefit of the system as well. More passenger cars would likely utilise ERS as it is implemented to a greater extent. Further, CBA could provide a perception of the investment. However, it does not ensure that the projects are performed or chosen out of highest NPV, since several aspects besides the profitability are considered. Available information of ERS for CBA is yet limited and more data, such as effect relations is needed to facilitate well-founded decisions. In the future, it is likely that CBA of transport investments would become more complex, where several technologies would be considered. The transport sector will most likely alter, and existing assessment methods will presumably be adjusted in line with this.Sverige är ett geografiskt stort och glesbefolkat land med ett stort behov av vägtransporter för såväl privatpersoner som för logistik. Inrikes vägtransport bidrar i stor utsträckning till luftföroreningar, där personbilar står för den största andelen av utsläppen. Den nuvarande minskningstakten av utsläpp är inte tillräcklig för att nå klimatmålen om en fossilfri transportsektor. Elvägar (ERS) har utvecklats för att hantera utmaningar med elfordon. Flera lösningar av teknologin testas vid demonstrationsprojekt och hittills är ERS främst förknippat med tunga fordon. Dock är relationen till personbilar inte lika tydlig, där denna studie undersöker de samhälleliga fördelarna med ERS relaterat till personbilar. En fallstudie har genomförts, där en installation av ERS mellan Helsingborg och Malmö som en del av E6 i Sverige modelleras. Nettonuvärdet med en ekonomisk livslängd på 20 år och en internränta om 3,5 procent uppgår till 350 MSEK, vilket betraktas som hög lönsam. Koldioxidutsläppen från det studerade systemet skulle minskas med 102 000 ton CO2, vilket motsvarar en minskning med drygt 60 procent. Utifrån det studerade systemet bidrar tunga lastbilar till den största inverkan. Likväl finns stor potential för personbilar att nyttja den installerade elvägen för att minska sina utsläpp och bränslekostnader. Flera semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts för att lyfta fram de rådande synsätten på ERS och personbilar och effekterna av samhällsekonomiska analyser (CBA) vid beslutsfattande av transportinvesteringar. Det finns flera olika synsätt på ERS relaterat till personbilar. ERS är en stor investering, där det största behovet finns bland tunga fordon. Emellertid ökar lönsamheten med antalet fordon som använder systemet. I ett framtida vägtransportsystem är det möjligt att flera teknologier såsom ERS, snabbladdning av elbilar och autonoma fordon utnyttjas samtidigt och används som komplement istället för att ersätta varandra. Det är tänkbart att ERS planeras och installeras utifrån behoven hos tunga fordon, där även personbilar kan dra fördel av systemet. Dessutom är det sannolikt att fler personbilar skulle utnyttja ERS allteftersom det installeras i större utsträckning. Vidare kan CBA ge en uppfattning om investeringen. Det säkerställer dock inte att projekten genomförs eller väljs utifrån högsta nettonuvärde, eftersom flera aspekter utöver lönsamheten beaktas. Tillgänglig information om ERS för CBA är ännu begränsad och mer data såsom effektsamband behövs för att säkerställa välgrundade beslut. I framtiden är det troligt att CBA av transportinvesteringar blir mer komplexa, där flera tekniker behöver beaktas. Transportsektorn kommer sannolikt att förändras, och befintliga bedömningsmetoder kommer förmodligen att anpassas i linje med detta.
7
Borén, Sven. "Sustainable Personal Road Transport : The Role of Electric Vehicles." Licentiate thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11715.
Full textAbstract:
Electric vehicles can play an important role in a future sustainable road transport system and many Swedish politicians would like to see them implemented faster. This is likely desirable to reach the target of a fossil independent vehicle fleet in Sweden by 2030 and a greenhouse gas neutral Swedish society no later than 2050. However, to reach both these targets, and certainly to support the full scope of sustainability, it is important to consider the whole life-cycle of the vehicles and also the interaction between the transport sector and other sectors. So far, there are no plans for transitions towards a sustainable transport system applying a sufficiently wide systems perspective, in Sweden or elsewhere. This implies a great risk for sub-optimizations. The overall aim of this work is to elaborate methodological support for development of sustainable personal road transport systems that is informed by a strategic sustainable development perspective. The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) is used as a foundation for the work to ensure a sufficiently wide systems perspective and coordinated collaboration across disciplines and sectors, both in the research and application. Maxwell’s Qualitative Research Design and the Design Research Methodology are used as overall guides for the research approach. Specific research methods and techniques include literature studies, action research seminars, interviews, and measurements of energy use, costs, and noise. Moreover, a case study on the conditions for a breakthrough for vehicles in southeast Sweden has been used as a test and development platform. Specific results include a preliminary vision for electrical vehicles in southeast Sweden, framed by the principled sustainability definition of the FSSD, an assessment of the current reality in relation to that vision, and proposed solutions to bridge the gap, organized into a preliminary roadmap. The studies show that electric vehicles have several sustainability advantages even when their whole life-cycle is considered, provided that they are charged with electricity from new renewable sources. Electrical vehicles also imply a low total cost of ownership and could promote new local ‘green jobs’ under certain conditions. Particularly promising results are seen for electric buses in public transport. As a general result, partly based on the experiences from the specific case, a generic community planning process model is proposed and its usefulness for sustainable transport system development is discussed. The strategic sustainable development perspective of this thesis broadens the analysis beyond the more common focus on climate change issues and reduces the risk of sub-optimizations in community and transport system development. The generic support for multi-stakeholder collaboration could potentially also promote a more participatory democratic approach to community development, grounded in a scientific foundation. Future research will explore specific decision support systems for sustainable transport development based on the generic planning process model.GreenCharge
8
Allen, Timothy James. "In-hub drives for high performance electric vehicles." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312774.
Full text
9
Ayers, Mark John. "The simulation of remote source electric lighting systems." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364262.
Full text
10
Cao, Jingnan, and 曹靖楠. "Thermoelectric transport properties in nanoscale systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49799708.
Full textAbstract:
As the fast development of nanotechnology and further industrial applications, theoretical investigations upon nanoscale devices are in urgent need. Until now several formalisms have been well established in quantum transport of mesoscopic areas, including of tight-binding and first principle calculations. In this dissertation those methods were partly explored to explore transport and thermoelectric features in various models and actual devices.
The density functional theory plus non-equilibrium Green’s function serves well in the probing process of transport properties like conductance in mesoscopic systems. Atoms’ positions were treated as the only input parameters and one computation package based on NEGF-DFT loop was utilized to get the numerical results, then the corresponding thermal quantities were analysed.
The coherent transport exhibits an obvious character in transmission spectrum called transmission node, whose existence relies on the asymmetric structure of molecular junctions. In the main body of the thesis, firstly two types of model simulation were tested, and the following thermoelectric quantities showed that there’s one interesting signature in the thermopower performance, which was its temperature independence around transmission node. Through comparisons between different system parameters a rough regular pattern was obtained, that the degree of zero transmission and the energy difference around it influenced this temperature invariance feature at the same time. While these two properties were mainly determined by the natural structure of devices.
Besides model simulations the ab initio investigations were also carried out. Although the actual device was not easily altered as ideal models, some similar behaviours in the transmission and thermal curves were still found out. The temperature insensitivity was considered to appear more often in a π electron dominated molecular structure rather than ones with σ electron interactions.published_or_final_version
Physics
Master
Master of Philosophy
11
Tovar, López Carlos. "Electric Bicycle Design." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Mechanical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-10075.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis consists of the design of an electric bike.
Based on the analysis of the needs arising from urban transport in Sweden and its people.We wanted to develop a bicycle that could be manufactured in the coming years and be widely accepted by the Swedish population and later also in Europe.
12
Hadji-Ristic, Daniel Ilan. "Thermo-electric and transport properties of etched quantum point contacts." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444164.
Full text
13
Kazi, Suraya. "Electric Transport of Rare-earth Metal Oxy-hydride Thin Films." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialfysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-440954.
Full textAbstract:
In this project, I investigate the photoconductivenature of photochromic rare-earth metal oxy hydrides (REMHO). Such materials have received increasingscientific attention since they show a color-neutralphotochromic effect that can be applied, e.g., in smartwindows or chromogenic devices. Photochromicmaterials reversibly turn opaque from transparentunder illumination with light of optical wavelength. Inrecent studies it was found that these materials alsoshow an instant decrease in resistivity whenilluminated which can be used in optical sensors. Tounderstand the nature of this photoconductive effect,I grew yttrium oxy hydride thin films by reactivemagnetron sputtering. I measured the resistivity forillumination from front and substrate side, opticaltransmission and compositions of the samples andrelated the results to photoconductivity. I show thatphotoconductivity is a bulk effect and not directlyrelated to photochromism. Samples that almost lostphotochromism due to aging, still show strongphotoconductivity. Moreover, it was observed that theresistance increased faster during bleaching for frontillumination than for back illumination.
14
Kårefjärd, Viktor, and David Stridfeldt. "Electric Self Propelled Shoe : A shoe mountable last mile personal transportation vehicle." Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296309.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this work was to investigate how a last mile-transport vehicle can be constructed around a shoe. The prototype, which is controlled without a handheld controller, was designed to propel an adult forward with the use of an electric driveline. The user can easily stop driving, and instead walk short distances without removing the prototype. Research questions have been answered regarding how the battery and motor can be configured to reach a top speedof 15 km/h and a range of 3 km. In addition, answers were given as to how a user should control the vehicle’s speed in a safe and simple way, without the use of a handheld remote controller. The results show that the prototype reaches the specified top speed, and that the specified range is reached and exceeded. The user controls the motor power by moving their weight from the left to the right foot. The applied weight is measured by load cells under the heel, and after calibration, this user input method can be seen as satisfactory. The electric driveline, which is mounted under the shoe, allows the user to walk short distances without removing the prototype. Future work may add safety equipment such as lamps and a bell to make the product legal for use in public areas. In addition, a left shoe needs to be developed further, due to how the concept is dependent on it to function optimally.Det här arbetet hade till avsikt att undersöka hur ett sistasträckan-fordon kan konstrueras kring en sko. Prototypen, vilken styrs utan en handkontroller, utformades för att förflytta en vuxen person med hjälp av en elektrisk drivlina. Användaren kan enkelt sluta åka, och istället gå kortare sträckor utan att ta av sig prototypen. Forskningsfrågor har besvarats angående hur batteri och motor kan konfigureras för att uppnå topphastigheten 15km/h och färdsträckan 3 km. Dessutom besvarades hur en användare ska kontrollera fordonets hastighet på ett säkert och enkelt sätt, utan användning av en handkontroll. Resultaten visar att prototypen uppnår topphastigheten, och att den angivna räckvidden uppnås och överskrids. Användaren styr motoreffekten genom att förflytta sin vikt från vänster till höger fot. Den applicerade vikten mäts av lastceller under hälen, och efter kalibrering kan denna användar-inmatningsmetod ses som tillfredsställande. Den elektriska drivlinan, som monteras under skon, tillåter att användaren går kortare sträckor utan att ta av sig prototypen. Framtida arbete kan tillägga säkerhetsutrustning, som lampor och ringklocka för att göra produkten laglig för användning på allmän plats. Dessutom behöver en vänstersko utvecklas mer, på grund av hur konceptet är beroende av denna för att fungera optimalt.
15
Murphy, Helen Marie. "Quantum transport in superlattice and quantum dot structures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364637.
Full text
16
Beaudoin, Mario. "Electrical transport properties of n-Type InP." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61237.
Full textAbstract:
InP obtained by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy, with properties similar to GaAs, shows mobilities approaching the theoretical maxima at low temperatures. However, the corresponding values remain abnormally low at room temperature where a pronounced electronic excitation to the conduction band is observed simultaneously. This reduction of the mobility is attributed to the presence of deep centers that are electrically inactive at low temperatures but become excited when the temperature increases. A model based on an iterative solution to the Boltzmann equation and accounting for the usual scattering mechanisms, including inelastic interactions, is able to explain the data perfectly and shows that a very high mobility at low temperature is not a sufficient measure of the purity for this material. The binding energy of the deep centers depends on the organo-metalic source used for the growth. This links the solution of this problem to the purification of the chemicals. Depletion effects at the interfaces did not appear to be significant. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
17
Luo, Yilin, and 羅以琳. "High electric field current transport in semi-insulating GaAs and InP." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242133.
Full text
18
Wang, Qiuchen, and Santiago Mompo. "Electric-road freight transport, Arlanda-Rosersberg logistic flow and environmental analysis." Thesis, KTH, Trafik och logistik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149534.
Full textAbstract:
The expected economic and social growth, joint with the increase on the demand of services and goods that this will cause, will become an environmental problem (emissions and noise) as well as a logistical problem (congestion) that needs to be solved. The transport sector has to reduce drastically the use of fossil fuels and Sweden’s goal is to achieve a fossil independent vehicle fleet by 2030. It is expected that 2/3 of the traffic volume of trucks in Sweden will be performed along electrified roads. The most efficient way to achieve this is to use electricity and now that the technology to power trucks without the need of huge batteries has been tested and approved, is time to develop the infrastructure needed and study its impact in transportation and logistics. An electric road is planned to be operative around 2020 from Rosersberg logistics hub to Arlanda airport cargo city. The objective is to transfer goods from the logistic area to the freight terminal by the use of electric trucks. It will optimize the transit of logistics flow in the area, reduce emissions and release the traffic pressures on E4 at the same time. Arlanda airport used to have a restriction on the emission rate of all the companies operating inside Arlanda, the emissions of the trucks that drive the cargo outside Arlanda was also taken into account. This means that in order to be below the maximum levels, the high ground transport emissions limited the number of planes that could fly. Affecting therefore the capacity of handling bigger volumes and passengers. So in order to prevent this situation from happening again in the future (more environmental restrictions will appear) the best solution for all the parts involved is to give priority to sustainability in transport planning. The aim of this project is to come up with conclusions and forecasts of the whole transportation network according to the logistics needs, by analysing the economic, environmental and logistic impacts of using the El-road. The result expected is to provide a clearer overall picture of the logistic flows between Rosersberg, Arlanda Airport, Gavle container and nearby locations, such as Stockholm or Uppsala. As well as analyse the possible scenarios that might develop once the El-road is operating. Due to the nature of our data we decided to use qualitative and subjective methods rather than quantitative ones. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process, Saaty 1970), will enable us to derive ratio scales from paired comparisons by defining the different criteria (cost, time, operations and sustainability) and assigning values to their respective sub criteria. These values will be assigned by each of the companies working inside Arlanda, since the goal is to define the best possible scenario for them in the future. The other method we will use is the decision tree analysis, this model of decisions and possible consequences that can occur will show a graph of all the variables that must be taken into account while defining the issues that will lead to one scenario or another. We consider it the best method to analyse and show how many facts can affect the final scenario outcome of this project.
19
Luo, Yilin. "High electric field current transport in semi-insulating GaAs and InP." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?
Full text
20
Low, Khiam-How. "Characterization of conductive surface printing via electric field induced ion transport." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
Find full text
21
Ishiguro, Munehide. "EFFECTS OF MACROPORES AND ELECTRIC CHARGES ON SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN SOILS." Kyoto University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78038.
Full text
22
Englund, Gustav, and Martin Westh. "Transition to electric-powered buses in Stockholm inner citys public transport." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-144582.
Full textAbstract:
Ökad urbaniseringen och ett annalkande klimathot skapar ett behov av miljövänlig kollektivtrafik. El är ett drivmedel som är på frammarsch. Det finns dock frågor ekonomi och hur praktiska lösningar ska vara utformade. Grundfrågeställningen för detta arbete har varit huruvida en övergång är möjlig att genomföra till 2022. Även de generella möjligheterna, förutsättningarna och konsekvenserna för en övergång till helt eldrivna bussar i Stockholms innerstad undersökts. Slutsatsen har dragits att det rent tekniskt är möjligt att genomföra en övergång till år 2022. Fordons- och batteriteknik finns. Det innebär dock att det kommer uppstå vissa frågor. Bland annat är eldrivna bussar mindre flexibla. Övergången kommer innebära stora kostnader som på sikt kan visa sig lönsamt då eldrift är ett billigare drivmedel. De hinder som finns för en övergång är bland annat de nuvarande trafikavtalen och otydlighet kring laddinfrastrukturen. En övergång kommer leda till positiva miljökonsekvenser såsom minskade koldioxidutsläpp och minskat buller.
23
SÖDERGREN, LEO. "Electric Longboard : A dual-purpose personal vehicle." Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233145.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to explore the possibility of a dual-purpose electric vehicle. The vehicle should be able to be used for both commuting and racing. It also aims to describe different power limiting methods and their effect on performance. Lastly it hopes to see if the Swedish laws, as written today are reasonable. An electric longboard has been constructed for this purpose and several tests have been performed. A list of goals were set up for the board prototype. These included power output, running time, and that the board should have an audible warning device. The findings demonstrated that all tested power limiting methods worked and that the “Simple power limiting” method provided quickest movement over a fixed distance. Most of the goals were met by the prototype and the board’s two modes worked as planned. While the law is reasonable it can be improved to cover the diversity of electric vehicles. Further work may include better measurements and implementation of a dual microcontroller system.Syftet med detta arbete är att testa möjligheten med ett två-läges personligt fordon. Fordonenet ska kunna användas för både pendling och tävling. Arbetet har även testat olika energilimeteringsmetoder samt undersökt hur dessa metoder påverkar prestandan. Arbetet har även försökt besvara frågan om det svenska lagarna, som det är skrivna idag, är lämpliga. En elektrisk longboard har konstruerats och flera test utförts. Ett antal målsättningar har definerats för prototypen. Dessa inkluderar: effekt, körtid och att brädan bör ha en ringklocka. Resultaten visar att alla metoder fungerade och att “Simple power limiting” var den som gav snabbast rörelse över den bestämda sträckan. Det flesta av målen nåddes av prototypen och brädans två lägen fungerade som tänkt. Dagens lagar är rimliga men kan förbättras för att täcka mångfalden av elektriska fordon. Framtida arbete kan inkludera bättre mätningar och implementation av ett system med två mikrokontroller.
24
Södergren, Leo. "Electric Longboard : A dual-purpose personal vehicle." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230590.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to explore the possibility of adual-purpose electric vehicle. The vehicle should be ableto be used for both commuting and racing. It also aims todescribe different power limiting methods and their effecton performance. Lastly it hopes to see if the Swedish laws,as written today are reasonable. An electric longboard hasbeen constructed for this purpose and several tests havebeen performed.A list of goals were set up for the board prototype. Theseincluded power output, running time, and that the boardshould have an audible warning device.The findings demonstrated that all tested power limitingmethods worked and that the “Simple power limiting” methodprovided quickest movement over a fixed distance. Most ofthe goals were met by the prototype and the board’s twomodes worked as planned. While the law is reasonable itcan be improved to cover the diversity of electric vehicles.Further work may include better measurements and implementationof a dual microcontroller system.Syftet med detta arbete är att testa möjligheten med etttvå-läges personligt fordon. Fordonenet ska kunna användasför både pendling och tävling. Arbetet har även testat olikaenergilimeteringsmetoder samt undersökt hur dessa metoderpåverkar prestandan. Arbetet har även försökt besvarafrågan om det svenska lagarna, som det är skrivna idag, ärlämpliga. En elektrisk longboard har konstruerats och fleratest utförts.Ett antal målsättningar har definerats för prototypen. Dessainkluderar: effekt, körtid och att brädan bör ha en ringklocka.Resultaten visar att alla metoder fungerade och att “Simplepower limiting” var den som gav snabbast rörelse över denbestämda sträckan. Det flesta av målen nåddes av prototypenoch brädans två lägen fungerade som tänkt. Dagens lagarär rimliga men kan förbättras för att täcka mångfaldenav elektriska fordon. Framtida arbete kan inkludera bättremätningar och implementation av ett system med två mikrokontroller.
25
Pearson, John Beverly. "Aspects of energy transport in a vortex stabilized arc." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25955.
Full textAbstract:
Vortex stabilized argon arcs are of interest as sources of high intensity light. Previous workers in the field have found that the heat transported to the wall of the arc vessel greatly exceeded that predicted by theory. Two modifications to the theory have been proposed to account for the observed values of heat transport.
This thesis describes a specialized arc vessel which has been constructed to allow the measurement of the axial profile of heat transported to the wall. The axial profile of radiation produced by the arc has also been measured. These experiments elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the large values of heat transported to the wall. In this work a 225 A d.c. arc was used. It was stabilized by an argon vortex at a pressure of 5.5 atm.
It is found that the electrode regions of the arc contribute significantly to the total heat transported to the wall. Midway between the electrodes however, the profile is found to be quite flat. The experiments also indicate that some heat is transported upstream from the arc, and it has been shown that this is due to a reverse axial flow core in the gas vortex. The measured profile of radiation produced by the arc is found to be very uniform in the arc column. In the region midway between the electrodes the dependence of the radiation and heat transported to the wall on the gas flow rate in the vortex were examined. The measured radiation is found to be 30-35% less than predicted by theory. It is shown that this may be due to the axial transport of energy in the arc. The scaling of the amount of heat transported to the wall is found to be in good agreement with the predictions of a model for the arc which includes turbulent heat transport by using a mixing length model. The d.c. power supply used in this work produces a waveform with considerable ripple. Time dependent measurements were therefore made of the radiation produced by the arc and the electrical power input to the arc column. These results are compared with a time dependent theory of the arc column.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
26
Schmitz, Oliver [Verfasser]. "Methodical Assessment of Electric Propulsion Systems for Transport Category Aircraft / Oliver Schmitz." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113335939/34.
Full text
27
Park, June Hyoung. "Charge transport in organic multi-layer devices under electric and optical fields." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1182273300.
Full text
28
Honda, Mitsuru. "Transport simulation of tokamak plasmas including plasma rotation and radial electric field." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136227.
Full text
29
Kletsov, Aleksey. "Electron propagator and surface Green's function calculations in transport molecular junctions." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445047011&sid=12&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
30
Leist, Jeannis-Nicos, Jakob Sidoruk, Holger Gibhardt, Klaudia Hradil, Martin Meven, and Götz Eckold. "Domain redistribution and ferroelectric phase transition in SrTiO 3 under the influence of an electric field and mechanical stress." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-187976.
Full text
31
Windisch, Elisabeth. "Driving electric ? : a financial assessment of electric vehicle policies in France." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1159/document.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours des années récentes, les véhicules électriques sont revenus sur le devant de la scène des politiques publiques en matière de transport. Considérés comme un remède possible à diverses préoccupations pressantes des pouvoirs publics, ils bénéficient d'un soutien croissant de leur part. De telles mesures de soutien demeurent contestées : en effet, leur impact sur le décollage effectif des ventes, leur soutenabilité, leur utilité et leur justification sont loin d'aller de soi. Cette étude vise à éclairer l'impact des politiques publiques destinées à influencer la demande sur i) le taux de pénétration des véhicules électriques auprès des ménages français, et ii) les finances publiques. Dans un premier temps sera brossé le tableau du contexte dans lequel les véhicules électriques ont vocation à se développer. Il sera proposé un panorama large des opportunités potentielles offertes par l'introduction des véhicules électriques. Une revue internationale des politiques publiques est conduite, qui décrit les leviers de politique publique qui sont aujourd'hui actionnés en soutien au véhicule électrique de par le monde. L'accent y est mis sur les mesures destinées à agir sur la demande. Des conclusions préliminaires seront proposées sur l'efficacité de ces mesures au regard des taux observés de pénétration du véhicule électrique. Dans un deuxième temps, l'étude s'attache à évaluer le marché potentiel des véhicules électriques auprès des ménages français. L'analyse porte non seulement sur les déterminants financiers de la demande, mais aussi sur les obstacles socio-économiques à l'adoption des véhicules électriques par ces ménages. S'appuyant sur une analyse par scénarios qui permet de rendre compte des nombreuses incertitudes relatives aux évolutions à prévoir des véhicules, des coûts et des tendances de marché, une prévision du potentiel de demande à l'horizon 2023 est avancée. L'approche désagrégée qui est appliquée à partir de la base de données de l'Enquête Nationale Transports et Déplacements 2007/2008 permet d'identifier les combinaisons de instruments financiers de politique publique les plus à même de garantir certains niveaux de pénétration du véhicule électrique dans la prochaine décennie. Enfin, l'impact sur les finances publiques du remplacement d'un véhicule conventionnel par un véhicule électrique est étudié. L'analyse porte à la fois sur les phases de production et d'usage du véhicule. Le modèle d'évaluation développé à cet effet tient compte des impacts directs et indirects sur les finances publiques. Sont pris en compte les subventions directes à l'achat, les allègements fiscaux, les recettes fiscales, ainsi que les effets sur l'emploi. Les conclusions et observations tirées de l'étude permettent de formuler diverses suggestions à l'attention des constructeurs automobiles et des décideurs publics affichant la volonté de soutenir l'essor du véhicule électriqueIn recent years, electric vehicles have come to the forefront of public transport policies. They are seen as remedy for various pressing public concerns and are thus increasingly benefiting from supportive policy measures. Such measures remain contested: their impact on actual vehicle uptake rates, their sustainability, usefulness and justification are far from being self-evident. This study aims at uncovering the effect of financial demand-side public policy measures on i) the uptake rate of electric vehicles among private households in France, and ii) the public budget. First, the context within which electric vehicles are to evolve is sketched. A comprehensive overview of the potential opportunities that come with the introduction of electric vehicles is given. An international policy review depicts public policy levers that are currently deployed in order to support the uptake of electric vehicles. A focus is put on financial demand-side measures. Preliminary conclusions on their effectiveness with regards to observed electric vehicle uptake rates in the various countries reviewed are drawn. Next, the potential market for electric vehicles among French households is explored. Besides financial aspects, socio-economic obstacles to electric vehicle uptake among private households are analysed. With the aid of scenario analysis that accounts for the many uncertainties with regards to future vehicle developments, costs and market trends, a forecast of the electric vehicles' potential up until 2023 is given. The applied disaggregate approach based on the database of the French National Transport Survey 2007/2008 allows identifying the most promising sets of financial public policy measures that are likely to guarantee certain electric vehicle uptake rates over the next decade. Lastly, the effect of replacing one conventional vehicle by one electric vehicle on the public budget is investigated. Both, vehicle manufacture and use aspects are considered. The set up valuation model hereby accounts for direct and indirect financial impacts on the public budget. These comprise direct purchase subsidies, tax breaks, and tax income, as well as effects of changing employment situations that alter the amount of social contributions and unemployment benefits .The study's findings and considerations allow for various suggestions for vehicle manufacturers and policy makers willing to support the uptake of electric vehicles. These are listed in the conclusions section which also sketches directions for further research
32
Anduwan, Gabriel A. Y. "Electron transport in semiconductor nanoconstrictons with and without an impurity in the channel." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115422.
Full textAbstract:
The development of electronics has been growing at a fast rate in recent years. More and more ideas have been searched and are increasing at a faster rate. However, there is more detail work in the nanolevel or nanostructure yet to be understood. Thus, more and more semiconductor physicists have move to the new field of study in nanostructures. Nanostructures are the future of electronic devices. By understanding nanostructure electronic devices, electronics is the key for the progress of any modern equipment and advancement. This comes about when electronic transport of a nanostructure is thoroughly understood. Thus, future electronic devices can utilize the development of conductance through components having dimensions on the nanometer scale.The objective of the proposed research project is to study electronic transport in a ring with an infinite potential barrier at the center and a modulated external potential in one of the arms. The relative phase between the two paths in this structure can be controlled by applying electrostatic potential in one of the arms. One can compare these types of systems with optical interferometers, where the phase difference between the two arms is controlled by changing the refractive index of one arm through the electro-optic effect. By modulating the potential in one arm of the ring, we will study the interference effect on conductance. The method of finding the conductance of a nanostructure will be using the recursive Green's function method. This includes finding transverse eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and hopping integrals to determine Green's propagators. A FORTRAN 77 computer program is used for numerical calculations.These remarkable ultra-small and ultra-clean quantum systems are currently achieved due to significant technological advancement in fabrication. For ultra-small quantum devices, the theoretical understanding of device performance must be based on quantum carrier transport of confined electrons and holes in the channel. This theoretical research will lead to the understanding of the effects of geometry and impurities on transport of the carriers in the nanochannels.Department of Physics and Astronomy
33
Kostenko, I. "Increase of efficiency of process of start-up of traction electric motors of the rolling stock of city electric transport." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13041.
Full text
34
Zhang, Lei, and 張磊. "First principle calculation: current density in AC electric field." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43278437.
Full text
35
Zhang, Lei. "First principle calculation : current density in AC electric field /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43278437.
Full text
36
Nicolaides, Doros. "Power infrastructure requirements for road transport electrification." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280689.
Full textAbstract:
Deep decarbonisation of road transportation is challenging. One of the most potentially beneficial approaches is electrification which is the subject of this PhD thesis. A widespread penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) across a large proportion of road transport demand is needed to realise the benefits of an electrified transport sector. However, this is dependent on overcoming significant barriers. This study performs a systematic analysis of how proven power charging technologies could be used to unlock the barriers to widespread electrification of road transportation. Various road transport sectors and type of journeys are explored including aspects of autonomous operations and novel wireless power transfer technologies. For each operation, a framework is proposed that allows the exploitation of current and potential future electrification technologies to enable shifting towards EVs. Based on that, simulation tools and methods are developed to calculate the power requirements of EVs and determine a suitable charging infrastructure. The additional power demand, electric load and the implications for the electricity supply network are explored. The total expenditure needed and the CO2 emission savings are also calculated for each investigated operation. Transitional strategies include the electrification of bus routes, refuse collection functions, home deliveries and aspects of autonomous operations for public transportation within the boundaries of the cities. In the long-term, focus is given on passenger cars and freight vehicles for both urban and inter-urban journeys. A nationwide adoption of all electrification strategies proposed in this thesis would increase the peak power demand of Great Britain by approximately 38 GW (72% of the current peak) and the electricity consumption by 180 TWh per year (45% of current consumption). The total capital cost required is calculated at £225 billion which is similar to the cost of other large infrastructure projects of the country. The impact would be a significant aggregate saving of approximately 2,000 MtCO2 between the numbers calculated for today's norms (2018) and those calculated for 2050.
37
Bruin, Jan Adrianus Nathan. "Transport studies of the itinerant metamagnet Sr₃Ru₂O₇ near its quantum critical point." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3656.
Full textAbstract:
Strongly correlated metals are known to give rise to a variety of exotic states. In particular, if a system is tuned towards a quantum critical point, new ordered phases may arise. Sr₃Ru₂O₇ is a quasi-two dimensional metal in which field-tuned quantum criticality has been observed. In very pure single crystals of this material, a phase with unusual transport properties forms in the vicinity of its quantum critical point. Upon the application of a small in-plane field, electrical resistivity becomes anisotropic, a phenomenon which has led to the naming of this phase as an `electron nematic'. The subject of this thesis is a study of the electrical transport in high purity crystals of Sr₃Ru₂O₇. We modified an adiabatic demagnetisation refrigerator to create the conditions by which the entire temperature-field phase diagram can be explored. In particular, this allowed us to access the crossover between the low-temperature Fermi liquid and the quantum critical region. We also installed a triple axis `vector magnet' with which the applied magnetic field vector can be continuously rotated within the anisotropic phase. We conclude that the low- and high-field Fermi liquid properties have a complex dependence on magnetic field and temperature, but that a simple multiple band model can account for some of these effects, and reconcile the measured specific heat, dHvA quasiparticle masses and transport co-efficients. At high temperatures, we observe similarities between the apparent resistive scattering rate at critical tuning and those observed in other quantum critical systems and in elemental metals. Finally, the anisotropic phase measurements confirm previous reports and demonstrate behaviour consistent with an Ising-nematic, with the anisotropy aligned along either of the principal crystal axes. Our observations are consistent with the presence of a large number of domains within the anisotropic phase, and conclude that scattering from domain walls is likely to contribute strongly to the large measured anisotropy.
38
Liu, Jian. "Electric cars in China : energy, infrastructure and market potentials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ade81f60-f967-4312-99e6-91c077dcf724.
Full textAbstract:
The electric vehicle (EV) has been regarded as one of the most promising alternative fuel vehicle technologies that could reduce China’s energy reliance on imported oil and transport sector carbon emissions. The success of EVs in China will depend on a series of determinants including their energy consumption and emission reduction potentials, battery performance and costs, charging infrastructure provision, the driving behaviour and the commercialization strategies. Some issues have been intensively investigated by previous research whilst some others gradually receive academic and governmental attentions. Instead of covering all determinants, this thesis focuses on four key aspects of the electric car development in China: the energy consumption and carbon emissions of electric cars based on the country’s energy mix; the expected electric car driving behaviour and its impacts on the power grid; the deployment strategy of charging infrastructure and the business operation models that could reduce the purchase cost of electric cars and accelerate their market diffusion. The research finds that according to the current energy mix and driving behaviour in China, the introduction of electric cars would largely reduce the transport sectors’ oil consumption. However, the carbon emission saving of electric cars requires a synchronized progress in the energy industry and the power grid infrastructure. Without the growing adoption of renewable sources in the electricity generation mix and the high efficient power transmission infrastructure, electric cars could achieve little environmental benefits particularly for carbon emission reduction. This research also finds that the current external costs of carbon emissions from cars are not high enough to justify financial policies that would favour electric vehicles. Moving towards cleaner technologies at present may not be justified on economic terms but it is justified on political and environmental terms. In addition, the performance of current electric cars, the driving range per charge in particular, is still significantly inferior to conventional vehicles running on petroleum fuels, which poses a remarkable challenge for electric cars’ market acceptance and implies the importance of charging infrastructure provision. This research estimates the charging impact of electric cars on the power grid in two case study cities through comparing charging infrastructure deployment strategies integrating three charging methods in both cities. Some innovative business operating models that aim to reduce the high initial purchase costs of electric cars are simulated. It shows all these models require substantial political and financial interventions to stimulate both supply (charging service and infrastructure provision) and demand (consumers purchase) in the early stage of market penetration for electric cars. Finally, the thesis provides recommendations for the policy implementation timing and stresses the importance of the parallel development in the upstream low carbon energy supply and the downstream vehicle (battery) research and development (R&D) in the near term.
39
郭榮忠 and Wing-chung Kwok. "Current conserving AC quantum transport in two-dimensional mesoscopic systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122104X.
Full text
40
Kwok, Wing-chung. "Current conserving AC quantum transport in two-dimensional mesoscopic systems /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20668065.
Full text
41
Tsung, Ka Kin. "Transport and device application of triarylamine-based organic semiconductor." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1013.
Full text
42
Bordes, Roca Adria. "Impacts of implementation of electric scooters in daily transport: case study in Gavle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30613.
Full text
43
Rajkumar, Vishnu Ganesh. "Design Optimization of a Regional Transport Aircraft with Hybrid Electric Distributed Propulsion Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84494.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, there has been a growing shift in the world towards sustainability. For civil aviation, this is reflected in the goals of several organizations including NASA and ACARE as significantly increased fuel efficiency along with reduced harmful emissions in the atmosphere. Achieving the goals necessitates the advent of novel and radical aircraft technologies, NASA's X-57, is one such concept using distributed electric propulsion (DEP) technology.
Although practical implementation of DEP is achievable due to the scale invariance of highly efficient electric motors, the current battery technology restricts its adoption for commercial transport aircraft. A Hybrid Electric Distributed Propulsion (HEDiP) system offers a promising alternative to the all-electric system. It leverages the benefits of DEP when coupled with a hybrid electric system. One of the areas needing improvement in HEDiP aircraft design is the fast and accurate estimation of wing aerodynamic characteristics in the presence of multiple propellers. A VLM based estimation technique was developed to address this requirement.
This research is primarily motivated by the need to have mature conceptual design methods for HEDiP aircraft. Therefore, the overall research objective is to develop an effective conceptual design capability based on a proven multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) framework, and to demonstrate the resulting capability by applying it to the conceptual design of a regional transport aircraft (RTA) with HEDiP systems.Master of Science
44
Sandin, Carl-Oscar. "Developing Infrastructure to Promote Electric Mobility." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-55326.
Full textAbstract:
Electric mobility, E-mobility, will play a central role in a sustainable future transport system. The potential of curbing climate change in both short and long term are significant. Emobility will also offer the possibility to leapfrog the Internal Combustion car, IC-car, economy for developing countries. The low dependence of oil will be a benefit but E-mobility will demand a well functional electricity grid. Development of this grid will be beneficial for the developing world. For the European society E-mobility will in long term offer lower operating costs, decreased dependence of oil and lower emission of pollutants and Green House Gases, GHGs. All these factors are beneficial for the European society. The transition to E-mobility will depend upon a set of different factors and will call for different actions in order to overcome the barriers of E-mobility. A well developed charging infrastructure will be important in order to offer the full potential of E-mobility. The infrastructure will develop along with the market introduction of Electrical Vehicles, EVs. It is important that there are existing charging alternatives in the early introduction phase of EV in order to avoid the stagnation in the transition toward E-mobility. In order to provide the proper conditions for E-mobility, the determining factors must be investigated and evaluated. The four main factors are economical, social, R&D and infrastructure. The European driving patterns meet the offered operating range of an EV with ease. This means that EV has the potential to become an inner city vehicle under existing conditions. The investigation of the four determining factors leads to a base from which an implementation plan is suggested. The implementation plan is directed toward governments, energy utilities and other active participants in the development. The key factors of the implementation plan are to actively engage in the market, see E-mobility as a disruptive technology, use spin-off companies and social transparency. In order to gain the most from the implementation plan it is important that the correct actions are taken at the correct time. Therefore the transition period is divided into three phases; the introduction phase, the commercial phase and the re-development phase. The introduction phase will create the basic conditions for E-mobility. Government’s main action will be to invest in EVs and offer subsidies and other incentives to major companies that will equip their vehicle fleets with EVs. These actions will send signals toward vehicle Original Equipment Manufactures, OEMs, and other actors that the market of EVs is worth investing in. During the introduction phase try-out sessions, demonstrations and hearings will be important in order to communicate the advantages of E-mobility to society. Energy utilities will work to create roaming deals and standardization of important components and characteristics. The commercial phase is the most important phase for social adoption of E-mobility. During this phase commercial businesses will use EV charging a competitive advantage. New business models will be one of the keys to fully adoption of E-mobility. Cross industry alliances will reduce the initial cost, offer the service of a vehicle without owning it and leasing deals. The perception of travelling will shift and reduction of operating cost will be evaluated against travel time and planning. The re-development phase is based on a society that has adopted E-mobility. The development will proceed in order to offer more advantages to drivers but also to increase efficiency and to use the full potential of E-mobility.
45
Lundgren, Henrik. "Thermal Aspects and Electrolyte Mass Transport in Lithium-ion Batteries." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad elektrokemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166857.
Full textAbstract:
Temperature is one of the most important parameters for the performance, safety, and aging of lithium-ion batteries and has been linked to all main barriers for widespread commercial success of electric vehicles. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the importance of temperature effects, as well as to provide engineering tools to study these. The mass transport phenomena of the electrolyte with LiPF6 in EC:DEC was fully characterized in between 10 and 40 °C and 0.5 and 1.5 M, and all mass transport properties were found to vary strongly with temperature. A superconcentrated electrolyte with LiTFSI in ACN was also fully characterized at 25 °C, and was found to have very different properties and interactions compared to LiPF6 in EC:DEC. The benefit of using the benchmarking method termed electrolyte masstransport resistivity (EMTR) compared to using only ionic conductivity was illustrated for several systems, including organic liquids, ionic liquids, solid polymers, gelled polymers, and electrolytes containing flame-retardant additives. TPP, a flame-retardant electrolyte additive, was evaluated using a HEV load cycle and was found to be unsuitable for high-power applications such as HEVs. A large-format commercial battery cell with a thermal management system was characterized using both experiments and a coupled electrochemical and thermal model during a PHEV load cycle. Different thermal management strategies were evaluated using the model, but were found to have only minor effects since the limitations lie in the heat transfer of the jellyroll.Temperatur är en av de viktigaste parametrarna gällande ett litiumjonbatteris prestanda, säkerhet och åldring och har länkats till de främsta barriärerna för en storskalig kommersiell framgång för elbilar. Syftet med den här avhandlingen är att belysa vikten av temperatureffekter, samt att bidra med ingenjörsverktyg att studera dessa. Masstransporten för elektrolyten LiPF6 i EC:DEC karakteriserades fullständigt i temperaturintervallet 10 till 40 °C för LiPF6-koncentrationer på 0.5 till 1.5 M. Alla masstransport-egenskaper fanns variera kraftigt med temperaturen. Den superkoncentrerade elektrolyten med LiTFSI i ACN karakteriserades även den fullständigt vid 25 °C. Dess egenskaper och interaktioner fanns vara väldigt annorlunda jämfört med LiPF6 i EC:DEC. Fördelen med att använda utvärderingsmetoden elektrolytmasstransportresistivitet (EMTR) jämfört med att endast mäta konduktivitet illustrerades för flertalet system, däribland organiska vätskor, jonvätskor, fasta polymerer, gellade polymerer, och elektrolyter med flamskyddsadditiv. Flamskyddsadditivet TPP utvärderades med en hybridbils-lastcykel och fanns vara olämplig för högeffektsapplikationer, som hybridbilar. Ett kommersiellt storformatsbatteri med ett temperatur-kontrollsystem karakteriserades med b.de experiment och en kopplad termisk och elektrokemisk modell under en lastcykel utvecklad för plug-inhybridbilar. Olika strategier för kontroll av temperaturen utvärderades, men fanns bara ha liten inverkan på batteriets temperatur då begränsningarna för värmetransport ligger i elektrodrullen, och inte i batteriets metalliska ytterhölje.
QC 20150522
Swedish Hybrid Vehicle Center
46
Martins, Fábio Miguel. "Mod.Pod." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquiteura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17994.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Design, com a especialização em Design de Produto apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.Movimento, algo essencial para uma sociedade em constante desenvolvimento, que utiliza diversos conceitos de mobilidade, desenvolvidos ao longo de várias décadas, conceitos que utilizam várias tecnologias e abordagens distintas, de forma a melhorar a qualidade de vida do utilizador e tornar os sistemas o mais eficientes e economicamente viáveis possível. Ainda assim, estes sistemas têm como base assunções obsoletas de uma sociedade em constante mudança, o que resulta em conceitos de mobilidade que já não conseguem responder às necessidades e oportunidades apresentadas pela mesma. É neste contexto que se irá desenvolver a presente investigação, onde se pretende aplicar metodologias do Design de Produto no desenvolvimento de um sistema de transportes urbanos autónomos inovador, que responde à aparente mudança no paradigma de mobilidade urbana, de forma a beneficiar e otimizar o transporte de pessoas e bens em áreas urbanas. Este projeto de investigação terá como base uma metodologia mista, não-intervencionista e intervencionista de carácter qualitativo. Serão utilizados métodos não intervencionistas, como Crítica da Literatura, Observação Direta, Inquéritos e Estudo de Casos, e métodos Intervencionistas, na forma de Investigação ativa, a qual aglomera diversas ferramentas e processos característicos de um projeto prático, de forma a comprovar a hipótese proposta e contribuir para o conhecimento nas áreas de estudo.
ABSTRACT: Movement, something essential for a society in constant development, that utilizes diverse concepts of mobility, which were developed along several decades, concepts that apply different technologies and have different approaches to complex problems, in order to improve the quality of living, and make the system more efficient and cost effective. Even so, this systems rely on old assumptions of a society in constant change, resulting in mobility concepts that can no longer respond to its necessities and opportunities. It’s in this context that the present investigation is going to be developed, where it is intended to apply Product Design methodologies in the development of an innovative autonomous urban transport system, that answers to the apparent paradigm shift in urban mobility, in order to improve and optimize the transport of people and goods in urban areas. This investigation will have a mixed methodology, non-interventionist and interventionist, of qualitative character. We are going to use non-interventionist methods such as Literature Critic, Direct Observation, Inquiries, and Study of Cases, in terms of interventionist methods, it is going to take the form of active investigation, which gathers various tools and processes characteristic to a practical project, in order to prove the hypothesis and contribute to the knowledge in the area of study.
N/A
47
Tse, Shing Chi. "Charge transport and injection in amorphous organic electronic materials." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/821.
Full text
48
Kubrak, Volker. "Transport of two-dimensional electrons through magnetic barriers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364636.
Full text
49
Ion, Mihaela Florentina. "Proton transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164514.
Full text
50
John, Daniel. "Electric transport measurements of thin film high-Tc superconductor bicrystal grain boundary Josephson junctions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14966.
Full textAbstract:
Josephson junctions are an integral component of superconducting electronics because of their non-linear response and have not only been incorporated into a number of devices including superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) to create highly sensitive magnetometers and Josephson flux vortex transistors (JVFTs) to make fast-switching, high gain transistors but also into experiments to resolve the unexplained pairing mechanisms in high-Tc superconductors. As such, chapter 2 describes the results of an investigation into the pairing mechanism of the infinite layer superconductor Sr1-xLaxCuO2 using a single Josephson junction. The main result of this was that observations of zero bias conductance peaks (ZBCP) strongly suggest that SLCO superconductors are d-wave superconductors. This also contradicts many previous reports which concluded that SLCO superconductors are s-wave superconductors. Chapter 3 describes the results of measurements of YBa2Cu3O7-δ Josephson junction arrays. The results of this showed that the device had periodical behaviour at temperatures close to Tc with a periodicity of 1.8 mA or 12 μT. Moreover, it was found that this device could also operate as a Josephson vortex flow transistor (JVFT) which produced gains as high as 19.28 ± 0.03 at 77 K. In addition, switching behaviour was also found. Therefore, the record high current gains found at 77 K and above, as well as the switching behaviour make this device highly suitable for applications as a superconducting transistor.