Journal articles: 'Electric utilities - Data processing'

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Mollaei, Nader, and Seyyed Hadi Mousavi. "Application of a Hadoop-based Distributed System for Offline Processing of Power Quality Disturbances." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i2.pp695-704.

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Electric power quality is a critical issue for electric utilities and their customers and identification of the power quality disturbances is an important task in power system monitoring and protection. Offline processing of power quality disturbances provides an economic alternative for electric distribution companies, not capable of buying enough number of power quality analyzers for monitoring the disturbances online. Due to the wide frequency range of the disturbances which may happen in a power system, a high sampling rate is necessary for digital processing of the disturbances. Therefore, a large volume of data must be processed for this purpose for each node of an electric distribution network and such a processing has not yet been practical. However, thanks to the rapid developments of digital processors and computer networks, processing big databases is not so hard today. Apache Hadoop is an open-source software framework that allows for the distributed processing of large datasets using simple programming models. In this paper, application of Hadoop distributed computing software for offline processing of power quality disturbances is proposed and it is shown that this application makes such a processing possible and leads to a very cheaper system with widespread usage, compared to the power quality analyzers.

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Bauman, Marjorie B., Donna Churchill-Teran, and Harold P. Van Cott. "The Effects of an Automated Maintenance Management System on Organizational Communication." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 10 (September 1987): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703101020.

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This paper describes Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) sponsored case studies of two nuclear power plants that automated their maintenance management system in an effort to improve maintenance processing. These case studies evaluated the impact of an automated maintenance management system (AMMS) on the organizational interfaces and information requirements of a variety of system users. The goal of the project was to provide guidance to the electric power industry in maintenance management system design. A product of the investigation was a set of guidelines for use by utilities in conducting a front-end functional requirements analysis to help define major information requirements and organizational and data file interfaces.

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Sulaiman, S. M., P. Aruna Jeyanthy, and D. Devaraj. "Smart Meter Data Analysis Using Big Data Tools." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 3629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8338.

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In recent years, the problem of electrical load forecasting gained attention due to the arrival of new measurement technologies that produce electrical energy consumption data at very short intervals of time. Such short term measurements become voluminous in very short time. The availability of big electrical consumption data allows machine learning techniques to be employed to analyze consumption behavior of every consumer on a greater detail. Predicting the consumption of a residential customer is crucial at this point of time because tailor-made consumer-specific tariffs will play a vital role in load balancing process of Utilities. This paper analyzes the electrical consumption of a single residential customer measured using a smart meter that is capable of measuring electrical consumption at circuit level. The issues and challenges in collecting the data and pre-processing required for making them suitable for data analytics are discussed in detail. A comparison of the performance of different machine learning algorithms implemented using Python’s Scikit-learn module gives an insight on the consumption pattern.

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Lang, Wei Min, Yuan Cheng Zhu, and Hu Sheng Li. "A Multi-Layer Security Architecture for Wireless Cognitive Sensor Networks in Smart Grids." Advanced Materials Research 546-547 (July 2012): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.546-547.1107.

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Wireless sensor networks have been extensively deployed in the electric power systems for sensing, transmission and control, which provide more opportunities for wireless low power radios to operate. As the next generation electricity system, the smart grid should possess the capability to transmit reliable and real-time information to the control centers of the utilities. In order to solve the issues such as heterogeneous coexistence, spectrum scarcity, tremendous data processing and Security guarantees, revolutionary communication architecture is urgently demanded. In this paper, after analyzing the hierarchical structure of smart grid and illustrating the principle of WCSN in smart grids, we propose the security architecture of wireless sensor networks based on cognitive radio for smart grids, which can be used as a reference to design and develop the Wireless Cognitive Sensor Network (WCSN) security schemes in the electric power systems.

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Northrup, Herbert R. "The Twelve-Hour Shift in the Petroleum and Chemical Industries Revisited: An Assessment by Human Resource Management Executives." ILR Review 42, no. 4 (July 1989): 640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398904200412.

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This study, a follow-up of one published in 1979, reports the results of a questionnaire concerning the twelve-hour shift that was sent to human resource management executives at 23 chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic companies in 1987. Respondents from all 11 chemical companies and 4 petroleum companies that returned the form indicated they were using the shift. Most of them reported that the shift was popular with employees, largely because of the longer periods of time off and greater freedom on weekends and evenings it provides. The twelve-hour shift is also widely used in the mini-steel and offshore oil drilling industries, and it is used to a limited extent in paper manufacturing, data processing, metal can manufacturing, and electric utilities.

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Agara, Ahmad Y., Sugiarto Sugiarto, and Taufiq Saidi. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR FASILITAS UMUM YANG DAPAT MEMBERIKAN KEPUASAN PENGHUNI PADA PERUMAHAN JEULINGKE RESIDENCE." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 3, no. 3 (January 4, 2021): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v3i3.16647.

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Public facilities are part of residential area that is provided by developer for the public interest. The public facilities available at Jeulingke Residence such as road, sanitation, drainage, clean water, and electric network. Based on the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 1 of 2011, and Minister of Public Housing Regulation Number 22 / PERMEN / M / 2008, Jeulingke Residence housing still has inadequate public facilities such as worship place, green area, and waste. The purpose this research to identify indicators of public facilities that provide satisfaction for residents of Jeulingke Residence, and identify dominant factors of public facilities that can provide satisfaction for residents of Jeulingke Residence. Respondents in this study were owners at Jeulingke Residence. The sample in this study was 150 people. The sampling technique used was proportionate stratified random sampling. The factors evaluated were infrastructure, facilities, and public utilities. Data processing used validity test, and reliability test, while data analysis used descriptive analysis and factor analysis of Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the factors of public facilities that could provide satisfaction for residents at Jeulingke Residence were infrastructure and facilities. The dominant factor of public facilities that gives satisfaction to residents at Jeulingke Residence is infrastructure with a variance of 68.942%. Indicators of infrastructure are road condition, drainage condition, sanitation condition, clean water condition, and electric network condition.

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Lee, Yoon Kyeung, Jeong Woo Jeon, Eui-Sang Park, Chanyoung Yoo, Woohyun Kim, Manick Ha, and Cheol Seong Hwang. "Matrix Mapping on Crossbar Memory Arrays with Resistive Interconnects and Its Use in In-Memory Compression of Biosignals." Micromachines 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2019): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10050306.

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Recent advances in nanoscale resistive memory devices offer promising opportunities for in-memory computing with their capability of simultaneous information storage and processing. The relationship between current and memory conductance can be utilized to perform matrix-vector multiplication for data-intensive tasks, such as training and inference in machine learning and analysis of continuous data stream. This work implements a mapping algorithm of memory conductance for matrix-vector multiplication using a realistic crossbar model with finite cell-to-cell resistance. An iterative simulation calculates the matrix-specific local junction voltages at each crosspoint, and systematically compensates the voltage drop by multiplying the memory conductance with the ratio between the applied and real junction potential. The calibration factors depend both on the location of the crosspoints and the matrix structure. This modification enabled the compression of Electrocardiographic signals, which was not possible with uncalibrated conductance. The results suggest potential utilities of the calibration scheme in the processing of data generated from mobile sensing or communication devices that requires energy/areal efficiencies.

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Chernetskaya, I. E., and R. Yu Zakurdaev. "REVIEW OF EXISTING INSTRUMENTATION TO CORRECTION OF ASYMMETRY AND ANALYSIS OF ITS COMPLIANCE WITH THE MODERN AND PERSPECTIVE LEVEL OF INFORMATIZATION OF MUNICIPAL ELECTRIC NETWORKS." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 5 (October 28, 2017): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-5-16-26.

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The article deals with the problem of unbalance of currents and voltages of communal utilities and the degree of correspondence of existing solutions to the level of informatization. The classification and structure of measures to reduce asymmetry, existing means and devices for balancing are considered. Particular attention is paid to the switching method of asymmetry’s correction. The advantages of this method in comparison with the others are indicated in the article. It is established that at present the realization of this method is associated with considerable labor costs for personnel with minimal automation of the process. A comparative analysis of devices based on the switching method of balancing with other devices is performed. Several examples of devices are given. It was found out that devices, the principle of operation of which is based on the switching method, require significantly less investment than other devices. The analysis of the correspondence between the level of automation of the balancing process and the capabilities of automated systems for data collection and processing is carried out. Several devices of automated systems for monitoring and accounting of electric power and automated devices for monitoring the quality of electricity were considered. It was found out that automated systems for monitoring and accounting of electric power, in spite of lower accuracy of measurements, have an advantage over automated systems for monitoring the quality of electric power in their greater prevalence. It is concluded that with the existing level of equipping networks with such systems, information on asymmetry can be obtained with the necessary accuracy and without additional capital investments. The conclusion is made that the problem is topical and because of the analysis of existing methods for reducing asymmetry, the task is formulated of developing new methods, the realization of which is possible with the help of an automated advisory system.

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Plamanescu, Radu, Ana-Maria Dumitrescu, Mihaela Albu, and Siddharth Suryanarayanan. "A Hybrid Hilbert-Huang Method for Monitoring Distorted Time-Varying Waveforms." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071864.

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The electric power systems together with the entire energy sector are rapidly evolving towards a low-carbon, secure, and competitive economy facing revolutionary transformations from technical structure to economic value chain. Pathways to achieve sustainability led to the development of new technologies, accommodation of larger shares of unpredictable and stochastic electricity transfer from sources to end-users without loss of reliability, new business models and services, data management, and so on. The new technologies and incentives for local energy communities along with large development of microgrids are main forces driving the evolution of the low voltage energy sector changing the context and paradigm of rigid contractual binding between utilities and end-user customers (now progressing to flexible prosumers with generation and storage capabilities). The flexibility and operation of a prosumer can be enhanced by a non-intrusive time-frequency analysis of distorted power quality waveforms for both generation and demand at the point of common connection. Therefore, it becomes of importance to discriminate among successive quasi-steady-state operation of a given local system using only the aggregated waveforms information available in the PCC. This paper focuses on the Hilbert–Huang method with modifications such as empirical mode decomposition improved with masking signals based on the Fast Fourier Transform, Hilbert spectral analysis, and a post-processing method for separating components and their amplitudes and frequencies within distorted power signals for a low-voltage prosumer operation. The method is used for a time-frequency-magnitude representation with promising localization capabilities enabling efficient operation for prosumers.

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Markiewicz, Jakub, and Dorota Zawieska. "Analysis of the Selection Impact of 2D Detectors on the Accuracy of Image-Based TLS Data Registration of Objects of Cultural Heritage and Interiors of Public Utilities." Sensors 20, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 3277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113277.

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The aim of this article is to present the influence of detector selection for the image-based Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) registration method. The presented results are the extended continuation of investigations presented in the article, ‘The Influence of the Cartographic Transformation of TLS Data on the Quality of the Automatic Registration’. In order to obtain the correct results of the TLS registration process, it is necessary to detect and match the correct tie points, which are evenly distributed across the entire area. Commonly, for TLS data registration manually or semi-manually corresponding points are detected. However, when large, complicated cultural heritage objects are investigated, it is sometimes impossible to place marked control points. The only possibility of resolving this problem is the use of image-based TLS data registration. One of the most important factors that influences the quality and ability to use it correctly, is accurate selection. For this purpose, the authors decided to test three blob detectors ASIFT, SURF, CenSurE, and two point detectors FAST and BRISK. The results indicated that selection depends on two factors: if the time required for data processing is not important, the ASIFT algorithm should be used, which allows for full registration, but if not, a combination of other algorithms with results supervision should be considered.

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Álvarez, José Luis, Juan Daniel Mozo, and Eladio Durán. "Analysis of Single Board Architectures Integrating Sensors Technologies." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 6303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186303.

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Development boards, Single-Board Computers (SBCs) and Single-Board Microcontrollers (SBMs) integrating sensors and communication technologies have become a very popular and interesting solution in the last decade. They are of interest for their simplicity, versatility, adaptability, ease of use and prototyping, which allow them to serve as a starting point for projects and as reference for all kinds of designs. In this sense, there are innumerable applications integrating sensors and communication technologies where they are increasingly used, including robotics, domotics, testing and measurement, Do-It-Yourself (DIY) projects, Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the home or workplace and science, technology, engineering, educational and also academic world for STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) skills. The interest in single-board architectures and their applications have caused that all electronics manufacturers currently develop low-cost single board platform solutions. In this paper we realized an analysis of the most important topics related with single-board architectures integrating sensors. We analyze the most popular platforms based on characteristics as: cost, processing capacity, integrated processing technology and open-source license, as well as power consumption (mA@V), reliability (%), programming flexibility, support availability and electronics utilities. For evaluation, an experimental framework has been designed and implemented with six sensors (temperature, humidity, CO2/TVOC, pressure, ambient light and CO) and different data storage and monitoring options: locally on a μSD (Micro Secure Digital), on a Cloud Server, on a Web Server or on a Mobile Application.

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Bassan, Fabio R., Joao B. Rosolem, Claudio Floridia, Bruno N. Aires, Rodrigo Peres, Javier F. Aprea, Carlos Alexandre M. Nascimento, and Fabiano Fruett. "Power-over-Fiber LPIT for Voltage and Current Measurements in the Medium Voltage Distribution Networks." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020547.

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In this work, we present the design, laboratory tests, and the field trial results of a power-over-fiber (PoF) low power instrument transformer (LPIT) for voltage and current measurements in the medium voltage distribution networks. The new proposed design of this power-over-fiber LPIT aims to overcome the drawbacks presented by the previous technologies, such as the continuous operation (measuring and data transmission) for a wide current range conducted in the medium voltage transmission lines, damage due to lightning strikes, accuracy dependency on vibration, position and temperatures. The LPIT attends the accuracy criteria of IEC 61869-10 and IEC 61869-11 in terms of current and voltage accuracy and it attends the practical criteria adopted by Utilities companies including voltage measurements without removing the coating of the covered conductors. The PoF based LPIT was developed to be applied at 11.9 kV, 13.8 kV, and 23.0 kV phase-to-phase nominal voltages, and in two current ranges 1.25–30 A and 37.5–900 A. The digital data transmission of current, voltage, and temperature from the sensing unit to the processing unit uses a special synchronism technique and it is performed by two 62.5 µm multimode fibers in 850 nm. The optical powering in 976 nm is also performed by one 62.5 µm multimode fiber from the processing unit to the sensor unit. We presented all details of the sensor design and its laboratory characterization in terms of accuracy and temperature correction. We also presented the results of field tests of the sensor made in two different conditions: in a standard distribution network and an experimental hybrid fiber/power distribution network. We believe that these studies aim to incorporate optical fiber and devices, digital technologies, communications systems in electrical systems driving their evolution.

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Petri, Lucas de Paula Santos, Emanuel Antonio Moutinho, Rondinele Pinheiro Silva, Renato Massoni Capelini, Rogério Salustiano, Guilherme Martinez Figueiredo Ferraz, Estácio Tavares Wanderley Neto, Jansen Paula Villibor, and Suzana Silva Pinto. "A Portable System for the Evaluation of the Degree of Pollution of Transmission Line Insulators." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 6625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246625.

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Surface pollution is a major cause of partial discharges in high voltage insulators in coastal cities, leading to degradation of their surface and accelerating their aging process, which may cause visible arcing, flashovers and system faults. Thus, this work provides a methodology for the assessment of the condition of insulators based on an instrument which generates a severity degree to help the electric utility team schedule maintenance routines for the structures that really need it. The instrument uses a Raspberry Pi board as the processing core, a PicoScope oscilloscope for the data acquisition and an antenna as a partial discharge sensor. The algorithms are implemented in Python, and use artificial intelligence tools, such as a convolutional network and a fuzzy inference system. Laboratory test methods for the simulation of the field pollution conditions were successfully used for the validation of the instrument, which showed a good correlation between the pollution level and the severity degree generated. In addition to that, field collected data were also used for the evaluation of the proposed severity degree, which is demonstrated to be consistent when compared with the utility’s reports and the history of the selected areas from where data were collected.

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Kannan, Pavala Malar, Govindan Marthandan, and Rathimala Kannan. "Modelling Efficiency of Electric Utilities Using Three Stage Virtual Frontier Data Envelopment Analysis with Variable Selection by Loads Method." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 3436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123436.

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Electric utility regulators and policy makers implement incentive-based regulation to improve electric utilities efficiency or to manage the cost of electricity. However, poorly implemented regulation may produce undesired results such as low reliability or poor quality of service. Moreover, the competition within the electricity sector is likely to be low because of the high barriers to entry, vertically integrated electric utilities, and high capital requirements. Therefore, benchmarking exercises allow policy makers and regulators to gauge the relative efficiency of electric utilities and help them to reward or penalize the electric utilities accordingly. In this study, we examined the variables that significantly influence the efficiency of electric utilities and developed an optimum method to measure the efficiency of the electric utilities. The results of the efficiency measurement were then used to rank the electric utilities. The result of this study indicates that there are 13 variables that significantly affect the efficiency score of electric utilities and three stage virtual frontier data envelopment analysis (3S-VF-DEA) is the optimum method to measure the efficiency of the electric utilities.

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Liu, Chun-Hung, and Jyh-Cherng Gu. "Modeling and Integrating PV Stations into IEC 61850 XMPP Intelligent Edge Computing Gateway." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081442.

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Distributed energy resources (DERs) are being widely interconnected to electrical power grids. The dispersed and intermittent generational mixes bring technical and economic challenges to the power systems in terms of stability, reliability, and interoperability. In practice, most of the communication technologies in DER are provided by proprietary communication protocols, which are not designed for the prevention of cyber security over a wide area network, and methodology of DER integration is not unified. This has made it technically difficult for power utilities and aggregators to monitor and control the DER systems after they are interconnected with the electrical grids. Moreover, peer to peer communication between DER systems as well as local intelligent computation is required to reduce decision latency and enhance the stability of the smart grid or microgrid. In this paper, the first, novel architecture of IEC 61850 XMPP (extensible messaging and presence protocol) of the edge computing gateway, involving advanced concepts and technologies, was developed and completely studied to counter the abovementioned challenges. The results show that the proposed architecture can enhance the DER system’s effective integration, security in data communication and transparency for interoperability. The novel and advanced concepts involve first modeling the topology of the photovoltaic (PV) station to IEC 61850 information models according to the IEC 61850-7-4 logical nodes and the DER-specific logical nodes defined in IEC 61850-7-420. This guarantees the interoperability between DER and DER, DER and utility and DER and the energy service operator. The second step was to map the information models to IEC 61850-8-2 XMPP for the specific communication protocol in DER applications. XMPP protocol, a publish/subscribe communication mechanism, is recommended in DER applications because of its characteristics of cybersecurity and authenticated encryption. After that we enabled the edge computing capability for data processing and the analytics of the DER side for time-critical missions. The aggregated data was then sent to the control center in the cloud. By applying the edge computing architecture, the system reduced decision latency, improved data privacy and enhanced security. The goal of this paper was to introduce the practical methodologies of these novel concepts to academics and industrial engineers.

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Schuelke-Leech, Beth-Anne, Betsy Barry, Matteo Muratori, and B. J. Yurkovich. "Big Data issues and opportunities for electric utilities." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 52 (December 2015): 937–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.128.

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Zhang, Pei, Yan Xu, Fengji Luo, and Zhao Yang Dong. "Power Big Data: New Assets of Electric Power Utilities." Journal of Energy Engineering 145, no. 3 (June 2019): 04019009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000604.

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Pahwa, A., X. Feng, and D. Lubkeman. "Performance Evaluation of Electric Distribution Utilities Based on Data Envelopment Analysis." IEEE Power Engineering Review 22, no. 7 (July 2002): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.2002.4312405.

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Pahwa, A., X. Feng, and D. Lubkeman. "Performance Evaluation of Electric Distribution Utilities Based on Data Envelopment Analysis." IEEE Power Engineering Review 22, no. 11 (November 2002): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.2002.4311836.

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Pahwa, A., Xiaoming Feng, and D. Lubkeman. "Performance evaluation of electric distribution utilities based on data envelopment analysis." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 18, no. 1 (February 2003): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2002.800986.

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Toledo-Orozco, Marco, Carlos Arias-Marin, Carlos Álvarez-Bel, Diego Morales-Jadan, Javier Rodríguez-García, and Eddy Bravo-Padilla. "Innovative Methodology to Identify Errors in Electric Energy Measurement Systems in Power Utilities." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040958.

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Many electric utilities currently have a low level of smart meter implementation on traditional distribution grids. These utilities commonly have a problem associated with non-technical energy losses (NTLs) to unidentified energy flows consumed, but not billed in power distribution grids. They are usually due to either the electricity theft carried out by their own customers or failures in the utilities’ energy measurement systems. Non-technical energy losses lead to significant economic losses for electric utilities around the world. For instance, in Latin America and the Caribbean countries, NTLs represent around 15% of total energy generated in 2018, varying between 5 and 30% depending on the country because of the strong correlation with social, economic, political, and technical variables. According to this, electric utilities have a strong interest in finding new techniques and methods to mitigate this problem as much as possible. This research presents the results of determining with the precision of the existing data-oriented methods for detecting NTL through a methodology based on data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (multivariate data, analysis methods, classification, grouping algorithms, i.e., k-means and neural networks). The proposed methodology was implemented using the MATLAB computational tool, demonstrating improvements in the probability to identify the suspected customer’s measurement systems with error in their records that should be revised to reduce the NTLs in the distribution system and using the information from utilities’ databases associated with customer information (customer information system), the distribution grid (geographic information system), and socio-economic data. The proposed methodology was tested and validated in a real situation as a part of a recent Ecuadorian electric project.

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NEUFELD, JOHN L. "Corruption, Quasi-Rents, and the Regulation of Electric Utilities." Journal of Economic History 68, no. 4 (December 2008): 1059–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050708000818.

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Was the adoption of state utility regulation the result of a negative-sum competition among special interest groups vying for the monopoly rents created by regulation or a positive-sum elimination of corruption arising from appropriable quasi-rents? Previous empirical studies of the adoption of regulation have assumed the former. Using discrete hazard analysis, this study considers the latter and finds the data more consistent with the positive-sum protection of quasi-rents than the negative-sum creation and appropriation of monopoly rents.

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Blacconiere, Walter G., Marilyn F. Johnson, and Mark S. Johnson. "Stranded Costs and Competitive Forces in the Electric Utility Industry." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 12, no. 3 (July 1997): 199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9701200301.

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It is likely that deregulation of the electric utility industry will force high-cost electric utilities to write off the “stranded” cost of plant and equipment that would be rendered obsolete in a competitive marketplace. In this paper, we examine the financial statement analysis implications of ongoing deregulation. Based on 1993 data for a sample of 111 large investor-owned electric utilities, our analyses suggest that it is possible to use financial statement data to form estimates of these potentially stranded costs. In addition, we find that recent trends toward deregulation are associated with an increase in the significance of the firm's cost structure in explaining the relation between market values and book values of equity.

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Hathaway, Zac, Hilary Polis, Jen Loomis, John Boroski, Aaron Milano, and Jasmine Ouyang. "A Utility Roadmap for Expanding Customer Adoption of Electric Vehicles." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 2 (May 29, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12020081.

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Portland General Electric (PGE) is one of only a few electric utilities in the United States actively conducting evaluations of their pilots in support of transportation electrification (TE). This article offers insights into PGE’s efforts to provide EV-related outreach and education to its customers. The article also examines interest in and use of PGE’s public charging infrastructure, particularly among transportation network company (TNC) drivers. The authors conducted an analysis of utilization data from PGE’s public charging stations to examine usage and the effectiveness of a peak pricing surcharge during peak electricity demand periods. The research pulls from additional data sources including (1) online customer surveys, (2) ride-and-drive intercept surveys, (3) and an online focus group. Findings illuminate the utility’s experience after three years of implementation and provide concrete guidance for other utilities seeking to expand customer adoption of EVs, while also exploring how pricing mechanisms can be effective at managing increased system load associated with increased EV charging. Findings also highlight the barriers environmental justice communities face with EVs and provide insights into how utilities can address misconceptions and increase awareness of the benefits of EVs for these groups.

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Fodje, Michel, Kathryn Janzen, Shanunivan Labiuk, James Gorin, and Pawel Grochulski. "AutoProcess:Automated strategy calculation, data processing & structure solution." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314092080.

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Two critical aspect of macromolecular crystallography experiments are (1) Determining the optimal parameters and strategy for collecting good quality data and (2) Optimal processing of the collected data to obtain to facilitate structure determination. These tasks can be daunting to inexperienced crystallographers and often lead to inefficiencies as valuable beam-time is used up. To support automation, remote access and high-throughput crystallography, we have developed a software system for automation of all data processing tasks required at the synchrotron. AutoProcess, is layered on the XDS data processing package and makes use of other utilities such as BEST from the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), CCP4 utilities and SHELX. The software can be used from the command line as a standalone application but can also be run as a service on a high-performance computing cluster, and integrated into beamline control and information management systems such as MxDC and MxLIVE to allows users to determine the optimal strategy for data collection, and/or process full datasets with the click of a button. Users are presented with a graphical data processing report as well as reflection output files in popular formats automatically. For small molecule and peptide structures, an unrefined initial structure with an electron density map is automatically generated using only the raw diffraction images and the chemical composition of the molecule. Future developments will include sub-structure solution for MAD/SAD/SIRAS data. The software is freely available under an open-source license from the authors. The Canadian Light Source is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the National Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Province of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan.

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Sanhueza, R., and H. Rudnick. "Discussion of "Performance evaluation of electric distribution utilities based on data envelopment analysis"." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 18, no. 3 (August 2003): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2003.814835.

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Yamakawa, Eduardo K., Thayla T. Sousa-Zomer, Paulo A. Cauchick-Miguel, and Catherine P. Killen. "R&D portfolio management practices in Brazilian electric power utilities." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 6 (August 6, 2018): 1641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-10-2016-0159.

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Purpose Project portfolio management (PPM) has been recognized as critical for the productivity of research and development (R&D) investments, but empirical research on PPM use and outcomes in non-commercial R&D environments is limited. The purpose of this paper is to investigate PPM processes and outcomes in a unique R&D context within Brazilian electric power utilities. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory best practice survey was used to collect data on PPM processes, methods and performance results in the power sector. Analysis of the data employs descriptive statistics and comparative analysis in the light of the literature. Findings The findings emphasize the importance of strategic value and the need for PPM to be customized for the specific context. The results also demonstrate the importance of adopting selection criteria and measures in accordance with the organizations strategic goals. Practical implications The findings may help organizations better understand how PPM can be tailored for the environment. PPM managers in utilities and other non-commercial R&D environments may find guidance in tailoring and improving their PPM approaches. Originality/value The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, it provides empirical findings to support PPM concepts on strategic alignment and the importance of context by demonstrating how PPM works to deliver strategy in a unique environment. Second, it contributes to the management of R&D projects and portfolios in power utilities, providing an example and analysis that may offer guidance. The contributions from this study may also offer insights that are valuable for R&D management in other utilities, or for R&D management in general.

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Heydt, G. T., and E. Gunther. "Post-Measurement Processing of Electric Power Quality Data." IEEE Power Engineering Review 16, no. 10 (October 1996): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1996.4311028.

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Heydt, G. T., and E. Gunther. "Post-measurement processing of electric power quality data." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 11, no. 4 (1996): 1853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/61.544267.

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Macnar, Joanna M., Natalia A. Szulc, Justyna D. Kryś, Aleksandra E. Badaczewska-Dawid, and Dominik Gront. "BioShell 3.0: Library for Processing Structural Biology Data." Biomolecules 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10030461.

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BioShell is an open-source package for processing biological data, particularly focused on structural applications. The package provides parsers, data structures and algorithms for handling and analyzing macromolecular sequences, structures and sequence profiles. The most frequently used routines are accessible by a set of easy-to-use command line utilities for a Linux environment. The full functionality of the package assumes knowledge of C++ or Python to assemble an application using this software library. Since the last publication that announced the version 2.0, the package has been greatly expanded and rewritten in C++ standard 11 (C++11) to improve its modularity and efficiency. A new testing platform has been implemented to continuously test the correctness and integrity of the package. More than two hundred test programs have been published to provide simple examples that can be used as templates. This makes BioShell an easy to use library that greatly speeds up development of bioinformatics applications and web services without compromising computational efficiency.

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Russell, Pamela H., and Debashis Ghosh. "Radtools: R utilities for smooth navigation of medical image data." F1000Research 7 (December 24, 2018): 1976. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17139.1.

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The radiology community has adopted several widely used standards for medical image files, including the popular DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) and NIfTI (Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative) standards. These file formats include image intensities as well as potentially extensive metadata. The NIfTI standard specifies a particular set of header fields describing the image and minimal information about the scan. DICOM headers can include any of >4,000 available metadata attributes spanning a variety of topics. NIfTI files contain all slices for an image series, while DICOM files capture single slices and image series are typically organized into a directory. Each DICOM file contains metadata for the image series as well as the individual image slice. The programming environment R is popular for data analysis due to its free and open code, active ecosystem of tools and users, and excellent system of contributed packages. Currently, many published radiological image analyses are performed with proprietary software or custom unpublished scripts. However, R is increasing in popularity in this area due to several packages for processing and analysis of image files. While these R packages handle image import and processing, no existing package makes image metadata conveniently accessible. Extracting image metadata, combining across slices, and converting to useful formats can be prohibitively cumbersome, especially for DICOM files. We present radtools, an R package for smooth navigation of medical image data. Radtools makes the problem of extracting image metadata trivially simple, providing simple functions to explore and return information in familiar R data structures. Radtools also facilitates extraction of image data and viewing of image slices. The package is freely available under the MIT license at https://github.com/pamelarussell/radtools and is easily installable from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (https://cran.r-project.org/package=radtools).

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Ruggiero, Salvatore, and Heikki Lehkonen. "Renewable energy growth and the financial performance of electric utilities: A panel data study." Journal of Cleaner Production 142 (January 2017): 3676–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.100.

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Kim, Sung Eun, Johannes Urpelainen, and Joonseok Yang. "Electric utilities and American climate policy: lobbying by expected winners and losers." Journal of Public Policy 36, no. 2 (March 3, 2015): 251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x15000033.

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AbstractWhen and why do individual companies lobby on environmental policies? Given the structural strength of business interests, the answer to this question is important for explaining policy. However, evidence on the strategic lobbying behaviour of individual companies remains scarce. We use data from lobbying disclosure reports on all major climate bills introduced during the 111th Congress (2009–2010). We then link the lobbying disclosure reports to detailed data on the fuel choices of all electric utilities in the United States along with socioeconomic, institutional and political data from the states where the utilities operate. The expected winners (renewable energy, natural gas users) from climate policy are much more likely to lobby individually on federal legislation than the expected losers (coal users). We find that expected winners lobby for specific provisions and rents as a private good, whereas expected losers concentrate their efforts on collective action through trade associations and committees to prevent climate legislation. The results suggest that the supporters of climate policy believed the probability of federal climate legislation to be nontrivial.

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Thornburg, Gail, and W. Michael Oskins. "Misinformation and Bias in Metadata Processing: Matching in Large Databases." Information Technology and Libraries 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v26i2.3278.

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This article discusses structural, systems, and other types of bias that arise in matching new records to large databases. The focus is databases for bibliographic utilities, but other related database concerns will be discussed. Problems of satisfying a “match” with sufficient flexibility and rigor in an environment of imperfect data are presented, and sources of unintentional variance are discussed.

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Khandeparkar, Kedar, Krithi Ramamritham, and Rajeev Gupta. "QoS-Driven Data Processing Algorithms for Smart Electric Grids." ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems 1, no. 3 (July 24, 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3047410.

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Eskelinen, M. A. "SOFTWARE FRAMEWORK FOR HYPERSPECTRAL DATA EXPLORATION AND PROCESSING IN MATLAB." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W3 (October 19, 2017): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w3-47-2017.

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This paper presents a user introduction and a general overview of the MATLAB software package <tt>hsicube</tt> developed by the author for simplifying the data manipulation and visualization tasks often encountered in hyperspectral analysis work, and the design principles and software development methods used by the author. The framework implements methods for slicing, masking, visualization and application of existing functions to hyperspectral data cubes without the need to use explicit indexing or reshaping, as well as enabling expressive syntax for combining these operations on the command line for highly efficient data analysis workflows. It also includes utilities for interfacing with existing file reader scripts for easy access to files using the framework. The <tt>hsicube</tt> framework is released as open source to promote the free use and peer review of the code and enable collaborative development.

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Honda, Masayuki, and Takehiro Matsumoto. "System Replacement to a New HIS and Data Warehouse." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 1 (January 20, 2012): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0038.

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Large-scale hospital information systems (HIS) generally consist of (i) online transaction processing (OLTP) and (ii) online analytical processing (OLAP) systems. Electronic medical records (EMR) are a major OLTP element. The data warehouse (DWH) assumes many important OLAP roles and maintains an institution’s medical care at a high level by providing EMR with the best practice cases available. This article focuses mainly on why OLTP and OLAP are needed and what roles the DWH plays, which means that the DWH has its own utilities and supplementary merits. The background of this discussion is closely related to the HIS at Nagasaki University Hospital introduced before the DWH is discussed.

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Lysanov, Denis Mihailovich, Irina Ilyinichna Eremina, Alexey Gennadievich Isavnin, and Izida Ildarovna Ishmuradova. "System Design of Management of Energy Resources in the Field of Housing." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 5205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8587.

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The main areas of work connected with improvement of the sphere of housing are development of the regulating,managing configurations of the equipment, change parameters of real-time operation, remote data collection from metering devices, adjustment of volumes of the provided utilities. It will allow to improve monitoring of functioning of a data collection system about the received utilities and to increase efficiency of identification of power losses in system. Automatic data acquisition from the metering devices of water and the electric power transferred directly to financial settlements center will allow to reduce influence on them of a human factor, to exclude errors at removal and information transfer.

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The Committee of Lightning Protecti and Lightning Database Working Group. "Lightning Occurrence Data Observed with Lightning Location Systems of Electric Utilities in Japan: 1992-2001." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 124, no. 10 (2004): 1255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.124.1255.

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Walsh, Philip R., and Olalekan Ajibade. "Determining the efficacy of consolidating municipal electric utilities in Ontario, Canada." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 298–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-07-2018-0017.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine empirically if the encouragement by government policy of merger and acquisition activity involving municipal and provincially owned electricity distribution utilities (LDCs) in the Province of Ontario has had positive effects in terms of value creation, operating performance and economies of scale. Design/methodology/approach It was anticipated that with LDC consolidation, there will be increased operational efficiency and improvement in the cost-effectiveness of the merged electrical utility. Using matched pairs dependent t-testing and Wilcoxon signed-rank testing, the authors compared data for three years before and after the merger or acquisition of 16 municipal utilities (616 total observations) to determine if there were any statistically significant changes (positive or negative) in measures of financial, operational and service efficiency. Findings The findings indicate statistically significant increases in debt as a percentage of shareholder equity in post-merger/acquisition utilities and consequently leveraged higher returns on equity. However, there were no statistically significant changes in financial, operational or service efficiency measures (with the exception of decreased efficiency in telephone response). Research limitations/implications A total of 16 mergers or acquisitions were reviewed involving 32 of 79 LDCs, with the research implications pointing to a need for existing policy to be reviewed to determine whether a more detailed examination is required by the provincial energy regulator, including a closer examination of managerial motives, before approving mergers between municipal electricity distributors. This research involves only a quantitative approach and further research would examine these transactions using qualitative measures for a deeper examination as to managerial motives. Practical implications The results suggest that the mergers or acquisitions to date have served only to increase shareholder risk without improvement in other financial, operational or service efficiencies, a contradiction to the rationale behind the Province’s merger policy. Social implications The consolidation policy for Ontario LDCs has not resulted in any statistically significant improvement in electricity rates or service for consumers. Originality/value This paper is the first examination of the effects of Ontario’s LDC consolidation policy in terms of specific financial, operational and service efficiency measures.

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Bravo-Rodriguez, Kenny, Birte Hagemeier, Lea Drescher, Marian Lorenz, Juliana Rey, Michael Meltzer, Farnusch Kaschani, Markus Kaiser, and Michael Ehrmann. "Utilities for Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Proteins (UMSAP): Fast post-processing of mass spectrometry data." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 32, no. 19 (September 5, 2018): 1659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8243.

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Vilela Junior, Wagner A., Antonio P. Coimbra, Gabriel A. Wainer, Joao Caetano Neto, Jose A. G. Cararo, Marcio R. C. Reis, Paulo V. Santos, and Wesley P. Calixto. "Analysis and Adequacy Methodology for Voltage Violations in Distribution Power Grid." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 4373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144373.

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This paper proposes a computational process development capable of filling the electric power sector shortage regarding voltage non-conformities identification in electric distribution power grid accounting for loads dynamic behavior at medium and low voltages. Actual distribution power grid data are used, with georeferencing to signal voltage transgressions locations, generate a report with voltage transgression indices and financial reimbursement values provided by legislation. The methodology compares regulatory requirements and makes available in software some possible actions in an attempt to adjust voltage levels, avoiding inconvenience and penalties for energy utilities providers. The method involves a data extractor construction for electricity provider company’s databases, computer simulations and comparison of obtained results with values established in electricity quality control standards. Thus, finding non-conformity locations and determining network adjustments to correct tension indexes in permanent regulation. The proposal features a reduction in electricity utilities operating costs, increasing efficiency in operation and energy quality available to consumers.

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Lemenkova, Polina. "Okinawa Trough geophysical and topographic modeling by GDAL utilities and GRASS GIS." Podzemni radovi, no. 38 (2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/podrad2138087l.

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This paper presents using GDAL utilities and GRASS GIS for topographic analysis of the raster grids based on GEBCO DEM as NetCDF file at 15 arc-second intervals. The focus study area encompasses the area around Okinawa Trough, Ryukyu trench-arc system, southern Japan, East China Sea and the Philippine Sea, West Pacific Ocean. Several GDAL utilities were applied for data processing: gdaldem, gdalwarp, gdalinfo, gdal_translate. The data were imported to GRASS GIS via r.in.gdal. Data visualization highlighted high resolution and accuracy of GEBCO grid, enabling topographic modelling at the advanced level. The algorithm of DEM processing, implemented in GDAL utility gdaldem, was used for generating multi-purpose topographic models: aspect, hillshade, roughness and topographic indices, such as Topographic Position Index (TPI), Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI). Thematic maps (topography, geoid, marine free-air gravity) were visualized using GRASS GIS modules for raster (d.rast, r.colors, r.contour) and vector (d.vect, v.in.region, d.legend) data processing. The results demonstrated smoother bathymetry in the East China Sea and rugged relief in the Philippine Sea which corresponds to their different geological and geophysical settings. The presented methodology of the topographic analysis based on DEM demonstrated technical aspects of GDAL and GRASS as scripting approach of advanced cartography.

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Li, Bing Jie, Dong Xiao Niu, Yan Lu, Hua Li Xia, and Wei Bin Ding. "Research on Management Engineering with Data Processing for Relationship between Equity Structures and Operating Performance — Take the Utilities Listed Companies as Example." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.547.

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Rational equity structure is the key to improve the operating performance. On the basis of the basic theory of international experts, the paper selects the data of utilities listed companies, and takes the principal component analysis and multiple linear regression model to build the index system of utilities for evaluating the operating performance after a series of data processing methods, at last, conducts the empirical analysis of the relationship between equity structure and operating performance. The results show that there is no significant correlation between the proportion of the state-owned restricted shares and the company's profitability; there is a positive correlation between the proportion of outstanding shares and the company’s profitability. Accordingly, the paper proposes some recommendations on management engineering at last to improve the company’s operating performance and the efficiency of management engineering.

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Chertes, Konstantin L’vovich, Ol’ga Vladimirovna Tupitsyna, Vitaliy Nikolaevich Pystin, Vasiliy Vasil’evich Ermakov, Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna Ramenskaya, and Aleksandr Moiseevich Shterenberg. "Geoecological rationale of the development of housing and communal services sludge storages by the method of multidimensional data processing." Vestnik MGSU, no. 6 (June 2015): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2015.6.88-102.

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The activity of housing services and utilities results in great amounts of waste: sludge of water and wastewater utilities, waste waters of TPPs and recycling water supply. The known ways of such waste utilization are related to production of construction materials and secondary reactants for wastewater treatment. Though the volumes of sludge most often exceed the regional demand in raw materials for local construction materials or coagulants. Moreover sludge as man-made raw material cannot compete with their natural analogues in terms of quality.The basic characteristics of housing and communal services sludge storages were considered from the perspective of their target development. The system of state assessment of sludge storages was represented by the multidimensional data analysis. The waste disposal facilities considered in this study were classified into three groups from the perspective of the feasibility and practicability of their abandoning. An example of the digital matrix of waste disposal facilities’ condition was given. The constructive and technological design of the system of recultivating materials production was given.

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Wanik, D. W., J. R. Parent, E. N. Anagnostou, and B. M. Hartman. "Using vegetation management and LiDAR-derived tree height data to improve outage predictions for electric utilities." Electric Power Systems Research 146 (May 2017): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.01.039.

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Rocha, Gabriel Vianna Soares, Raphael Pablo de Souza Barradas, João Rodrigo Silva Muniz, Ubiratan Holanda Bezerra, Igor Meireles de Araújo, Daniel de Souza Avelar da Costa, Abner Cardoso da Silva, Marcus Vinícius Alves Nunes, and Jucileno Silva e. Silva. "Optimized Surge Arrester Allocation Based on Genetic Algorithm and ATP Simulation in Electric Distribution Systems." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 4110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214110.

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The efficient protection of electric power distribution networks against lightning discharges is a crucial problem for distribution electric utilities. To solve this problem, the great challenge is to find a solution for the installation of surge arresters at specific points in the electrical grid and in a sufficient quantity that can ensure an adequate level of equipment protection and be within the utility’s budget. As a solution to this problem of using ATP (Alternative Transient Program), this paper presents a methodology for optimized surge arrester allocation based on genetic algorithm (GA), with a fitness function that maximizes the number of protected equipment according to the financial availability for investment in surge arresters. As ATP may demand too much processing time when running large distribution grids, an innovative procedure is implemented to obtain an overvoltage severity description of the grid and select only the most critical electric nodes for the incidence of lightning discharges, in the GA allocation procedure. The results obtained for the IEEE-123 bus electric feeder indicate a great reduction of flashover occurrence, thus increasing the equipment protection level.

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Sultan, Vivian, and Brian Hilton. "A Spatial Analytics Framework to Investigate Electric Power-Failure Events and Their Causes." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010054.

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The U.S. electric-power infrastructure urgently needs renovation. Recent major power outages in California, New York, Texas, and Florida have highlighted U.S. electric-power unreliability. The media have discussed the U.S. aging power infrastructure and the Public Utilities Commission has demanded a comprehensive review of the causes of recent power outages. This paper explores geographic information systems (GIS) and a spatially enhanced predictive power-outage model to address: How may spatial analytics enhance our understanding of power outages? To answer this research question, we developed a spatial analysis framework that utilities can use to investigate power-failure events and their causes. Analysis revealed areas of statistically significant power outages due to multiple causes. This study’s GIS model can help to advance smart-grid reliability by, for example, elucidating power-failure root causes, defining a data-responsive blackout solution, or implementing a continuous monitoring and management solution. We unveil a novel use of spatial analytics to enhance power-outage understanding. Future work may involve connecting to virtually any type of streaming-data feed and transforming GIS applications into frontline decision applications, showing power-outage incidents as they occur. GIS can be a major resource for electronic-inspection systems to lower the duration of customer outages, improve crew response time, as well as reduce labor and overtime costs.

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Kolluri, Bharat R. "Further Evidence on the Shifting of Corporate Income Tax in Privately Owned Electric Utilities, 1948–1984." Public Finance Quarterly 16, no. 4 (October 1988): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114218801600406.

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The purpose of this article is to empirically estimate the effects of the federal corporate income tax, dividend yield, and inflation on the rate of return in investor-owned electric utilities in the United States. Using data from the period before the seventies, some authors were able to show some evidence toward a partial shifting of the tax burden in regulated utilities. An attempt is made here to reexamine these findings and extend them into the eighties. The results point to a conclusion of a short-run partial shifting of about 60% in contrast to a mere 40% reported earlier. The results do not reject the hypothesis of a significant positive relationship between the dividend yield and the profit rate, contradicting the theory that dividend policy is irrelevant. Finally, there is some indication of a depressing effect of inflation on the rate of return during the most recent inflationary time period, 1974–1984.

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Wollan, Patricia L. "The Impact Of Deregulation On The Character Of A Firms Board." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v12i3.8732.

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This paper analyzes the impact of deregulation on board structure by comparing the boards of electric utilities before and after the passage of the Energy Policy Act (EPACT) using a unique hand-collected data set. The primary focus of the study is on changes to the boards' character, determined by the background and expertise of the directors. The results show that electric utilities change their board structure in response to their new operating environment. Boards are smaller and more independent in the later period. Also, even though the number of outside directors stays the same, there are two notable changes in the character of these directors. The number of executives from large firms and the number of directors with political backgrounds are both significantly greater after the passage of EPACT. Overall, the results are consistent with Williamson's hypothesis that firms will change the composition and character of their board in response to a change in the firm's operating environment.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric utilities - Data processing'

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