Journal articles: 'Electric vehicle battery'

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Rewatkar, Harshal. "Energy Conservation By Using Electric Transportation Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1623–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.38255.

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Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of a complete electric transportation vehicle by conservation by energy resources. Electric vehicles are widely used for pollution free transportation but it has been observed that distance travelled by battery operated electric vehicle is very less as pared with the other fuel powered engine and poor regenerative energy recapturing from the vehicle. There are so many types of losses in power converter which increase consumption of battery energy. For increment of distance travelled by electric vehicles and increment of recapturing of regenerative energy we have to improve performance of all component used in electric vehicle like electric motor, power converter and energy storage system like battery. That’s why in this project used alternator and voltage booster. This project presents comparative study of all components used in an electric vehicle. This project also concluded that which drive or converter is suitable for electric vehicle is being proposed. Best coordination of all components can lead to optimize power consumption in electric vehicle. Energy dissipated in power train during the operation of conversion from electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice-versa should be minimize. Keywords: Electric vehicle; motor; Energy storage system; Battery; Alternator

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Dhote, Miss Priya, Mr Shashank Dongare, Mr Anand Gajbhiye, Mr Nikhil Ramteke, Prof Pranali Langde, and Mrs Neetu Gyanchandani. "A Review Paper on Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Design For EVs." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 1486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40901.

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Abstract: Unique Electric vehicles are most well known nowadays. EV's are the best vehicles for transportation. Electrical vehicles industry going to blast in India. It will happen on the grounds that India is a home all things considered dirtied urban areas on the planet additionally EV energy wises multiple times more energy productivity when contrasted with ICE vehicle and it has multiple times less parts. The Battery System, which is the core of EVs, comprises of cells, Battery Modules and Battery Packs that are acknowledged by joining battery modules. With the quick improvement of Lithium-Ion Battery Technologies in the electric vehicles (Ev's) industry, The lifetime of the battery cell increments significantly. For changing over the ICE vehicles into Electrical vehicle its fundamental to make the battery pack for that vehicle. For building or fostering the Battery pack we need to think about such countless things. Keywords: Li-Ion Battery cells, Battery Pack Structural design, Thermal Design, Cooling System, Battery Management System (BMS), Safety Majors.

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Ananda, Wisnu, and Mehammed Nomeri. "DESIGN OF BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY-BASED HYBRID METAL-ORGANIC (SOL-GEL) LITHIUM MANGANATE (LiMn2O4)." Jurnal Teknologi Bahan dan Barang Teknik 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37209/jtbbt.v6i1.65.

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Battery-powered Electric Vehicles (BEVs) such as electric cars, use the battery as the main power source to drive the motor, in addition to lighting, horn, and other functions. Currently, Balai Besar Bahan dan Barang Teknik (B4T) has been conducting research in Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery prototype for an electric vehicle. However, the management system in accordance with the electrical characteristics of the battery prototype is still not available. Thus, to integrate the battery prototype with electrical components of the electric vehicle, it is necessary to design Battery Management System (BMS). Two important battery parameters observed are State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH). The method used for SOC was Coulomb Counting. SOH was determined using a combination between Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Relevance Vector Machine (RVM). Based on the experiments by using BMS, the battery performance could be more controlled and produces a linear curve of SOC and SOH.Keywords: Battery, electric vehicle, Battery Management System (BMS), Lithium-ion (Li-ion).

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Oswald, Mario, Georg Schrank, and Joachim Ecker. "Vehicle Dynamics of Battery Electric Vehicles." ATZ worldwide 123, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38311-020-0625-y.

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Břoušek, Josef, Martin Bukvic, and Pavel Jandura. "Experimental Electric Vehicle eŠus Gen2." Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 14, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2016-0007.

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Abstract In the introduction to the article, the conception and development of an experimental electric vehicle is described. It is followed by a description of the used mechanical and electrical components in combination with the design solutions of sub-units, such as the vehicle powertrain and traction battery. The choice of components and design solutions is evaluated here with regard to the current trends in the development of battery electric vehicles.

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Cheng, Dan Ming, Jing Zhou, Jin Li, Cheng Gang Du, and Hua Zhang. "Analysis in Power Battery Gradient Utilization of Electric Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.555.

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Currently the high cost and battery cycle life of lithium are the main limitations of commercial developing of electric vehicles, the chemical battery energy storage technology is also facing battery performance and cost issues. the current development of electric vehicle battery technology was analyzed, the magnificance and the value of electric vehicle battery gradient utilization are proposed, the application in different applications field of gradient utilization of electric vehicle battery was analyzed, in the end, this paper concluded that the battery gradient utilization technology will enable the electric vehicles and energy storage to generate new value chain.

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Shroff, Surbhi R. "Review on Electric Vehicle." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40095.

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Abstract: Due to the problems caused by the gasoline engine on the environment and people, the automotive industry has turned to the electrical powered vehicle. This report explains how an electric vehicle works and compares the electric vehicle to the internal combustion engine and hybrid vehicle. The report provides some of the advantages and disadvantages of the electric vehicle. At a time when the fuel prices are rocketing sky high , the daily running cost of a vehicle and its cost of ownership are hitting the roof and there is a dire need to protect our environment , alternative means of transport are few . Electric vehicle are slow expensive with limited range the solution comes in the form of electrical vehicle . Keywords: Plug in hybrid electric vehicles, Energy management System Electric Vehicles, Energy transmission, Battery technology.

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Khobragade, Priya A. "Multiport Converter based EV Charging Station with PV and Battery." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 2518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34679.

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: As a ecofriendly electrical vehicle, is vehicles that are used electric motor or traction motor. Are receiving widespread attention around the world due to their improved performance and zero carbon emission . The electric vehicle depend on photovoltaic and battery energy storage system . Electric vehicles include not limited road and railways. It consist of many electric appliances for use in domestic and industrial purposes that is electric car ,electric bike ,electric truck ,electric trolley bus , electric air craft ,electric space craft.The main Moto of this paper is a modelling of proposed system smart charging for electrical vehicle insuring minimum stress on power grid . The large scale development of electrical vehicle we need electric charging station for example fast charging station and super-fast charging station . During a peak demand load , large load on charging station due to the voltage sag , line fault and stress on power grid . At this all problem avoid by multiport converter based EV charging station with PV and BES by using analysis of MATLAB simulation. Result and conclusion of this paper to reduce losses improving efficiency of solar energy , no pollution (reduce) fast charging as possible as without any disturbance.

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Shangguan, Zizhuo, and Dongfeng Qi. "Charging Station Planning of Electric Vehicle in Battery Swapping Scene." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2354, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2354/1/012004.

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Abstract In response to the national green development concept, the electric vehicles quantity continues to surge. However, the cost of electric vehicle charging facilities is hindering the development of electric vehicles. Considering charging facility cost and fuel consumption cost of logistics vehicles, we propose the charging planning for electric vehicle batteries. First, according to the user’s mileage, we simulate the maximum demand for electric vehicle batteries in each time. Then, based on the electric vehicle battery charging planning, we establish an optimization model for the number of battery charging equipment and the fuel consumption cost of logistics vehicles. Finally, through specific examples we show the optimal number of delivery is 4 from the battery charging station to the battery swapping station. The battery charging equipment are 368 units and the fuel consumption cost of the logistics vehicle is 8040 RMB per day. In addition, the number of logistics vehicle departures is reduced by 3 compared to the same amount of delivery, which significantly improves the stability and efficiency of the battery swapping scene.

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Patale, Jayshri Prakash, A. B. Jagadale, A. O. Mulani, and Anjali Pise. "A Systematic survey on Estimation of Electrical Vehicle." Journal of Electronics,Computer Networking and Applied Mathematics, no. 31 (December 5, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jecnam.31.1.6.

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Due to the gasoline crisis, electric vehicles are growing in popularity. The usage of electric and battery-powered automobiles is being encouraged worldwide. This campaign also heavily relies on the usage of renewable energy sources to provide electricity. In order to build electric vehicles, engineers use static and dynamic equations. Around the world, competitions are being held to design high-performance electric vehicles. The automotive industry and businesses are transitioning a portion of their fleet from gasoline-powered vehicles to batteryoperated electric vehicles. Most vehicles today offer good performance at slightly increased costs to the consumer. The battery technology is improving andhence enhancing the range of vehicles. The movement of use of electrical vehicle will strengthen as more people are getting involved in the design and use of electric vehicle.

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Tamanna, Shaik Abdul Wajahat. "A PV Based Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39350.

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Abstract: Charging of electric vehicles have been a major problem as the charging stations are not installed every where, either we have to charge the vehicle at home or we should have to go to a charging point and it takes a lot of time. Addition of solar energy generation to electric vehicle will give the advantage of charging the vehicle while it is in parking. The overall performance and endurance of the battery of a electric vehicle can be improved by designing a PV based hybrid energy storage system with the magnetic integration of Bessel low pass filter to the DC-DC converter. The size of battery is reduced, endurance of the battery is also improved and the effectiveness of proposed method is validated by simulation. Keywords: Solar energy generation, hybrid-energy storage system, DC-DC converter, electric vehicle, endurance of the batter.

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K, Maheswaran, Anoopkumar M. V, David E, and Saranya Nair. "Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicle." Journal of Electronics,Computer Networking and Applied Mathematics, no. 21 (January 27, 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jecnam.21.11.16.

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The paper overviews novel method for wi-fi charging gadget of electrical automobile. As the battery of the electrical automobile is charged wirelessly through inductive coupling technique which may be very handy considering the fact that excessive ability battery isn't always required and it is able to get replaced with the aid of using small battery of decreased weight. Considering the exploitation of the traditional sources the provision of current fuel and petrol is depleting . This paves the improvement of electrical automobile. In electric powered automobile charging of battery via charger and twine is inconvenient, dangerous and expensive. The carried out wi-fi charging gadget of battery for Electric automobile with the aid of using inductive coupling technique has been offered on this paper. The popular generation of wi-fi EV battery charging is primarily based totally at the Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) among coupled coils, one linked to the electric grid and the opposite one linked to the rechargeable battery. The transmitter coil circuit is flip ON and OFF on every occasion the automobile is gift and absent respectively. Through IPT, the electrocution hazard usually springing up from energy cords is averted and the battery charging operation can routinely start. Using the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) sticky label affixed at the wind display of the electrical automobile which permits the clients to make the charging price at once from the account linked.

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K, Maheswaran, Anoopkumar M. V, David E, and Saranya Nair. "Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicle." Journal of Image Processing and Intelligent Remote Sensing, no. 22 (February 10, 2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jipirs.22.20.25.

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The paper overviews novel method for wi-fi charging gadget of electrical automobile. As the battery of the electrical automobile is charged wirelessly through inductive coupling technique which may be very handy considering the fact that excessive ability battery isn't always required and it is able to get replaced with the aid of using small battery of decreased weight. Considering the exploitation of the traditional sources the provision of current fuel and petrol is depleting . This paves the improvement of electrical automobile. In electric powered automobile charging of battery via charger and twine is inconvenient, dangerous and expensive. The carried out wi-fi charging gadget of battery for Electric automobile with the aid of using inductive coupling technique has been offered on this paper. The popular generation of wi-fi EV battery charging is primarily based totally at the Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) among coupled coils, one linked to the electric grid and the opposite one linked to the rechargeable battery. The transmitter coil circuit is flip ON and OFF on every occasion the automobile is gift and absent respectively. Through IPT, the electrocution hazard usually springing up from energy cords is averted and the battery charging operation can routinely start. Using the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) sticky label affixed at the wind display of the electrical automobile which permits the clients to make the charging price at once from the account linked.

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Tang, Li Hua, and Tie Jun Gao. "Study on Operation Monitoring System Used by Battery Electric Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.697.

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According to the management need of Battery Electric Vehicle, compose built to be based on GPS+GPRS Battery Electric Vehicle intelligent monitoring system. The system includes communication module, GPS+GPRS intelligent monitoring system software and monitoring vehicle. Based on the operation characteristics of pure electric vehicles and electric vehicle battery in performance analysis, put forward the pure electric bus operation monitoring system design, and through the Web Service technology combined with VB.NET, MapInfo, Mapx and Iocomp controls with GIS technology to achieve the monitoring software interface design, and the collection of data for real-time monitoring, for the development of Battery Electric Vehicle operation system to provide strong technical support.

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Szumska, Emilia M., and Rafał S. Jurecki. "Parameters Influencing on Electric Vehicle Range." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 7, 2021): 4821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164821.

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There is a range of anxiety-related phenomena among users and potential buyers of electric vehicles. Chief among them is the fear of the vehicle stopping and its users getting “stuck” before reaching their designated destination. The limited range of an electric vehicle makes EV users worry that the battery will drain while driving and the vehicle will stall on the road. It is therefore important to know the factors that could further reduce the range during daily vehicle operation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of selected parameters on a battery’s depth of discharge (DOD). In a simulation study of an electric vehicle, the effects of the driving cycle, ambient temperature, load, and initial state of charge of the accumulator on the energy consumption pattern and a battery’s depth of discharge (DOD) were analyzed. The simulation results confirmed that the route taken has the highest impact on energy consumption. The presented results show how significantly the operating conditions of an electric vehicle affect the energy life. This translates into an electric vehicle’s range.

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ŁEBKOWSKI, Andrzej. "Electric Vehicle Battery Tester." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 4 (April 5, 2017): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2017.04.39.

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Sinuraya, Arwadi, Denny Haryanto Sinaga, Yoakim Simamora, and Ridho Wahyudi. "Solar photovoltaic application for electric vehicle battery charging." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2193, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012075.

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Abstract Increasing fuel consumption and limited fossil fuel reserves make us need energy sources that come from Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Solar Energy Resources (Photovoltaic systems) are very strategic to be used in supplying energy to Electric Vehicles (EVs) which generally use BLDC electric motors as wheel propulsion. Photovoltaic cells are components in solar panels that convert solar energy into electricity. The solar panels mounted on the roof of the vehicle work best during the daytime. When at night, electric vehicles will work using electrical energy that has been stored in the battery. This study aims to design a battery charging system using photovoltaic technology which is used to supply power to drive BLDC electric motor in electric vehicles.

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Khairunnisa, Muhammad Afif Amalul Arifidin, and Hartoyo. "Utilization of Used Electric Vehicle Batteries for The Design of Mini-Generating Systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2111, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2111/1/012050.

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Abstract One of the main objectives of this research is to reduce battery waste from electric vehicles, namely by processing the battery waste to be used as electrical energy storage which is then used in mini generators. Therefore, it is necessary to have methods and stages to do it all. The method used with BMS (Battery Management System) with the Battery Cell Balancing model. It aims to determine the classification of the total battery capacity and battery life time, and determine which batteries can still be reused. The results of the balancing of the battery cells will be used as recommendations and are more economical in power generation storage systems and also provide practical solutions in the management of used electric vehicle battery waste to prevent pollution of active ingredients in battery cells, and also become an alternative for energy storage choices. for reuse. This research can be considered in the future for the electric vehicle industry to be able to reuse used batteries from electric vehicles, as well as the design design of the use of used batteries for mini generation systems.

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Chen, Zipeng. "Research on Temperature Control System Mechanism of New Energy Lithium Battery for Automobile." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 15 (November 26, 2022): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v15i.3002.

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At present, energy is in short supply all over the world, and the environmental pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, in order to alleviate the double pressure of environmental pollution and energy, new energy vehicles have been invented, among which electric vehicles have been widely developed. Clean energy utilization is urgent and important, and it is becoming a trend to replace fuel vehicles with electric vehicles. Battery is an important component of electric vehicle, and its correlation with vehicle performance is rather high. Lithium-ion battery has the advantages of high energy density and low self-discharge rate, and has gradually become the preferred battery for electric vehicles. Sensors used in electric vehicles mainly include sensors for detecting battery temperature, sensors for monitoring motor temperature and temperature sensors for battery cooling system. The performance and service life of lithium-ion batteries are greatly affected by temperature. In order to control the temperature of lithium battery, this paper studies its thermal management system. This paper discusses the significance of temperature control of lithium battery in electric vehicle, and puts forward the optimization measures of operation mechanism of lithium battery thermal management system.

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Sayed, Khairy, Sayed Abdel-Khalek, Hesham M. H. Zakaly, and Mahmoud Aref. "Energy Management and Control in Multiple Storage Energy Units (Battery–Supercapacitor) of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 8932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248932.

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This paper presents a new approach of energy management for a fuel cell electric vehicle traction system. This system includes a supercapacitor, a traction battery of valve-regulated sealed lead–acid type, a high-performance permanent magnet traction system, and a power electronics converter. Special attention was placed on the coordination for managing the flow of energy from several sources to treat the concerns of prolonged electric vehicle mileage and battery lifetime for drivetrains of electric vehicles. Connection to a supercapacitor in parallel with the electric vehicle’s battery affects electric vehicle battery lifetime and its range. The paper used a study case of an all-electric train, but the used methods can be applied on hybrid or electric train cases. Fuzzy logic control and proportional integral control methods were used to control the electric vehicle system. The results of these two control methods were examined and compared. The simulation results were compared between the proposed electric vehicle system and the traditional system to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Comparison of waveforms was made with and without the supercapacitor. The proposed optimized energy management strategy could improve the overall performance of the hybrid system and reduce the power consumption.

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Małek, Arkadiusz, and Rodolfo Taccani. "Innovative approach to electric vehicle diagnostics." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 92, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol92.art4.

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Electromobility is associated with the ever faster development and introduction of new electric vehicles to the market. They use an electric motor to drive the wheels of the vehicle and the necessary electricity is stored in traction batteries. Electric vehicles have a different construction than traditional vehicles i.e. powered by internal combustion engines. For this reason, the manner of use, maintenance and service are different. Familiarization with selected operational issues of electric vehicles positively affects the reliability of their usage as well as safety and comfort of driving. An important component of electric vehicles is the traction battery. Its proper operation influences the long-term preservation of the initial energy capacity and, thus, the range of the vehicle. The article presents the tests of the state of traction batteries of a small electrically powered city vehicle. The vehicle, the batteries and the diagnostic devices used to assess the condition of the battery are described in detail. Based on the literature analysis and the observation of market trends, a fast and effective method of assessment of the technical condition of batteries in electric vehicles was proposed. The method has been tested on the selected vehicle. The technical condition of the battery in the vehicle was assessed after 4.5 years of operation and 30,000 km mileage.

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Khalfi, Jaouad, Najib Boumaaz, Abdallah Soulmani, and El Mehdi Laadissi. "An electric circuit model for a lithium-ion battery cell based on automotive drive cycles measurements." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp2798-2810.

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The on-board energy storage system plays a key role in electric vehicles since it directly affects their performance and autonomy. The lithium-ion battery offers satisfactory characteristics that make electric vehicles competitive with conventional ones. This article focuses on modeling and estimating the parameters of the lithium-ion battery cell when used in different electric vehicle drive cycles and styles. The model consists of an equivalent electrical circuit based on a second-order Thevenin model. To identify the parameters of the model, two algorithms were tested: Trust-Region-Reflective and Levenberg-Marquardt. To account for the dynamic behavior of the battery cell in an electric vehicle, this identification is based on measurement data that represents the actual use of the battery in different conditions and driving styles. Finally, the model is validated by comparing simulation results to measurements using the mean square error (MSE) as model performance criteria for the driving cycles (UDDS, LA-92, US06, neural network (NN), and HWFET). The results demonstrate interesting performance mostly for the driving cycles (UDDS and LA-92). This confirms that the model developed is the best solution to be integrated in a battery management system of an electric vehicle.

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Sahoo, Deepak Ranjan. "Design and Analysis of Electric Vehicle with Battery System." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i3.1922.

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Revathy, R., and J. Visveswar. "Investigation on Battery for Electric Vehicle Application." ITM Web of Conferences 50 (2022): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20225003003.

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Battery powered electric vehicles are becoming increasingly important in the automotive industry. It is hard to decide which battery meets all the most important characteristics from different perspectives such as energy storage efficiency, construction characteristics, cost price, safety and service life of today’s Electric Vehicles. Investigation on different types of batteries are discussed in this paper. Among the most important components of a car is the battery. Only the stored electrical energy in the battery provides the power for BEVs which is the unique source of energy. Various types of batteries are used in electric cars depending on their systems. The lithium-ion battery is the most common electric car battery. A battery which is considered zero emission is abbreviated as ZEBRA. In this paper, we can gain knowledge over the different types of battery options available for electric vehicles, along with their characteristics.

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Raghunadh, N., K. Venkateswarlu, O. Nagasai, B. Venkatasai, A. Venkatasai, K. Venkatarao, K. SowjanKumar, and G. V. K. Murthy. "P-V Based Off-Board Electric Vehicle Battery Charger." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management 9, no. 1 (2022): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2022.9.1.110.

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Research on renewable energy based Electric Vehicle battery charging system is booming in the automobile industry in recent years. The intermittent nature of the renewable energy sources leads to the grid connected renewable energy systems for Electric Vehicle battery charging applications. In this paper, a photovoltaic array-fed off-board battery charging system using a bidirectional interleaved DC-DC converter is proposed for light-weight electric vehicles. This off-board charging system is capable of operating in dual mode, thereby supplying power to the electric vehicles battery from the photovoltaic array in standstill conditions and driving the DC load by the electric-vehicle battery during running conditions. This dual mode operation is accomplished by the use of a three-phase bidirectional direct-current. The model of the proposed system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software.

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Małek, Arkadiusz, Monika Kośko, and Tomasz Łusiak. "Urban logistics of small electric vehicle charged from a photovoltaic carport." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 82, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol82.art5.

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The technology of photovoltaic solar cells can be combined with the technology of electric vehicles. During charging electric vehicles with Renewable Energy Sources (RES) as well as during their use to the atmosphere are not emitted any pollutions. The article presents a carport designed for charging electric vehicle. Paper analyzed the power course generated by the photovoltaic system in different weather conditions. As a result of the comparison with the current demands of the electric vehicle battery during the charging process the optimal way of battery charging process was discussed. Later in the article presents logistics research on charging battery of an urban vehicle used frequently by catering companies to distribute products. The authors’ aim was to determine the actual range of the small electric vehicle on a single charge, as well as to statistically compile driving parameters in conditions of urban traffic in Lublin. The process of using such a vehicle has been analyzed, including the necessary battery charging. On the basis of the tests results a set of recommendations for small electric cars users was made in order to help increase the range of the vehicles in traffic and lengthen battery life.

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Dinh Tan Ngoc. "Calculation of electric vehicle battery system." Journal of Technical Education Science, no. 66 (October 30, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54644/jte.66.2021.1058.

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Designing a vehicle is a complex multi-stage process and involves many factors which required carefully in calculation such as: the vehicle's dynamic, active and passive safety systems, connections on the vehicle, arrangement of devices, etc. The same principles when we design an electric vehicle. In this paper, the researcher showed a method to calculate battery system on an electric vehicle from a vehicle that using an internal combustion engine and still ensure the same output power as the original car. The car only uses Li-ion batteries, the car can travel on a single charge is nearly 300 km. The results have calculated the battery system to satisfy the capacity of the original vehicle. Through the calculated results can be applied on real cars.

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Cannavacciuolo, Gianmatteo, Claudio Maino, Daniela Anna Misul, and Ezio Spessa. "A Model for the Estimation of the Residual Driving Range of Battery Electric Vehicles Including Battery Ageing, Thermal Effects and Auxiliaries." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 9316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199316.

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Sustainable mobility has recently become a priority of research for on-road vehicles. Shifting towards vehicle electrification is one of the most promising solutions concerning the reduction in pollutant emissions and greenhouse gases, especially for urban areas. Nevertheless, battery electric vehicles might carry substantial limitations compared with other technologies. Specifically, the electric range could be highly affected by the ageing process, non-optimal thermal management of the battery and cabin conditioning. In this paper, a model for the estimation of the residual range of electric vehicles is proposed accounting for the influence of battery state of health, battery pack temperature, power consumption of the main vehicle auxiliaries, and battery pre-heating on the residual driving range. The results of the model application to an L7 battery electric vehicle highlighted that the electric range can be highly affected by several factors related to real-world driving conditions and can consistently differ from nominal values.

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Tang, Zhe Ci, Chun Lin Guo, and Dong Ming Jia. "Analysis of Electric Vehicle Battery Charging and Discharging." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 1879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.1879.

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The more popular of electric vehicles is, the higher the load capacity of the battery is in the power system, therefore, the charging and discharging technology is particularly important. This paper introduces several electric vehicle battery charging methods commonly used at present, describes working principle of the bidirectional DC/DC converter in detail in the battery charging and discharging process, and the bidirectional DC/DC charging and discharging control strategy. Finally, the electric vehicle battery charging and discharging simulation model is built, the validity of the electric vehicle battery charging and discharging model is verified based on control strategies mentioned herein by use of simulation.

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Zackrisson, Jönsson, Johannisson, Fransson, Posner, Zenkert, and Lindbergh. "Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of a Structural Battery." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 5679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205679.

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With increasing interest in reducing fossil fuel emissions, more and more development is focused on electric mobility. For electric vehicles, the main challenge is the mass of the batteries, which significantly increase the mass of the vehicles and limits their range. One possible concept to solve this is incorporating structural batteries; a structural material that both stores electrical energy and carries mechanical load. The concept envisions constructing the body of an electric vehicle with this material and thus reducing the need for further energy storage. This research is investigating a future structural battery that is incorporated in the roof of an electric vehicle. The structural battery is replacing the original steel roof of the vehicle, and part of the original traction battery. The environmental implications of this structural battery roof are investigated with a life cycle assessment, which shows that a structural battery roof can avoid climate impacts in substantive quantities. The main emissions for the structural battery stem from its production and efforts should be focused there to further improve the environmental benefits of the structural battery. Toxicity is investigated with a novel chemical risk assessment from a life cycle perspective, which shows that two chemicals should be targeted for substitution.

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Bhutkar, Vrishali Sanjay, and Haripriya Kulkarni. "EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE BY USING ACTIVE FILTERS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 6 (March 25, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i6.2019.390.

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In electric vehicle is new emerging trend, because cost of fuel is increasing and air pollution is also increasing. Electric vehicle is control the air pollution. Electric vehicle also gives less cost per kilometer. Electric vehicles can run up to 450 km in a single battery charge to achieve this distance normal fuel consumes very large amount of fuel giving rise to costly journey as well as rise in air pollution but in case of electric vehicles does not pollute air and have high fuel efficiency because of this it is very beneficial for the society. In electric vehicles battery pack is uses to give power to electric motors. Battery is dc supply. Inverter is converted DC to impure AC supply having large harmonics, these harmonics reduces the efficiency of electric motor that as electric vehicle. This work shows some MATLAB simulation of inverter has done 21 levels. This simulation gives approximate output. As a result, THD reduce.

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Yang, Shuxia, Ruoyang Li, and Jialin Li. "“Separation of Vehicle and Battery” of Private Electric Vehicles and Customer Delivered Value: Based on the Attempt of 2 Chinese EV Companies." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 2042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052042.

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Electric vehicles are an effective tool to reduce vehicle born emissions from road transportation. Faced with major pollution issues, China is committed to vigorously promoting electric vehicles. China has made active efforts in subsidies, policies, charging facilities, business models, etc., so that the annual growth rate of electric vehicle sales has accelerated. State subsidies have greatly promoted the use of electric vehicles, but the government is gradually reducing subsidies. In the case of government subsidy decline or even zero subsidy, “separation of vehicle and battery” is considered to be a good mode for solving the development of private EVs. The battery of an electric vehicle does not form a whole with the chassis, but they could be physically separated, replacing the battery with one which is fully charged instead of charging by users themselves, substituting battery leases for battery purchases, called separation of vehicle and battery. However, a series of issues such as whether this mode is beneficial to consumers, whether it has competitive advantages for vehicle companies, and what difficulties exist need to be further studied. This paper firstly analyzes whether it is necessary to implement “separation of vehicle and battery” for private electric vehicles (SEPARATION) in China. Based on this, it sums up the attempts of two companies to implement SEPARATION and extracts the key factors involved in SEPARATION. Then, such key factors are analyzed, and the customer delivered value model of SEPARATION is established. Finally, this article discusses the predicament of SEPARATION and makes some recommendations for the implementation of SEPARATION in China. The innovations in this paper include: (1) Analyzing the issue of SEPARATION from the perspective of customer delivered value. (2) Proposing a customer delivered value model of SEPARATION for the first time. (3) Proposing a two-level battery replacement network in the SEPARATION mode.

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Kader, M. M. M. A., Z. B. Razali, W. A. Mustafa, S. A. Saidi, A. A. Nagoor Gunny, S. Setumin, M. K. Osman, et al. "Automotive Mechanical Vehicle Starter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2107, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2107/1/012021.

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Abstract This research is used to crank start automotive vehicle. There are many different system used in order to start-up vehicles using electric starter, in the time of battery low-power or totally drained. The purpose of this research is to help the driver to get out of this difficulty. Nowadays there are many people that have experienced such a bad moment, where they are stranded at road side due to malfunction starter in their car because of battery problem. Most of the vehicle electric starter failure is because of battery corrosion or battery undercharged. The importance of this research is to solve this problem. Starter is a vital part of the vehicle, without it no automotive vehicles able to operate. These starters will rotate an internal-combustion engine to initiate the engine’s operation under its own power. Starters also can be malfunction too due to corroded electrical connections or an undercharged battery. This system can be used to solve this problem. This system used human energy by using mechanical parts in order to produce electrical power. In order to produce electrical current, workforce will be applied by rotating the wheel that already linked by belt and from that rotations will trigger a magnetic force and it will produce an electrical current and supply it into battery. This system is divided into two development; hardware development and software development. The hardware development involved, mechanical device which is used and electrical device such as monitor. For software development, Fritzing is used to construct circuit.

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Akbar, Faraz. "Weight Optimisation of Electric Vehicle through Hybrid Structural Batteries." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 8310–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.4.2020.08.0628.

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This paper contributes towards the research and development campaign on the weight reduction of electric vehicles through the technology of structural composite batteries. Batteries are the key component and an integral part of electric vehicles which constitutes a major proportion of the vehicle’s weight. Most of the electric vehicle manufacturers use lithium-ion batteries which are in recent years have gone through a major development. The use of lithium-ion batteries within a carbon reinforced composite structure of the car has given rise to the concept of structural batteries where both the mechanical strength of the structure and the chemistry of the battery to be optimized. Various aspects of design in the formulation of the structural batteries are reviewed including material selection with respect to its electrical and mechanical requirements. In this research work, properties of carbon fiber are utilised which provide mechanical strength to the vehicle whilst be an efficient electrode for the lithium-ion structural batteries. The impacts of lithiation on the strength of the structure and charge time for the batteries are explored. Significant results of weight reduction have been achieved by formulating the structural battery for the roof of a passenger car having a 30 kW-hr battery. At 0.7 mm of active electrode thickness is designed within the roof structure, the roof can store 5.9 kW-hr of energy with the reduction of 56.5 kg in overall weight of the vehicle. The battery pack of 255 kg gets completely replaced by the structural composite battery because of its magnificent specific charge capacity at the active electrode with the thickness of 3.5 mm.

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Yang, Shi-Chun, Wen-Zhuang Gou, Tie-Qiao Tang, and Hua-Yan Shang. "Effects of Exchanging Battery on the Electric Vehicle’s Electricity Consumption in a Single-Lane Traffic System." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/435765.

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We propose a car-following model to explore the influences of exchanging battery on each vehicle’s electricity consumption under three traffic situations from the numerical perspective. The numerical results show that exchanging battery will destroy the stability of traffic flow, but the effects are related to each vehicle’s initial headway, the time that each electric vehicle exchanges the battery, the proportion of the electric vehicles that should exchange the battery, the number of charging stations, and the distance between two adjacent charging stations.

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Han, Bing, Fei Liu, Meng Li, Jiale Guo, and Yalong Xu. "Research on electric vehicle thermal management system with coupled temperature regulation between crew cabin and power battery pack." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 10-11 (February 25, 2021): 2740–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407021996581.

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Based on the structure of the thermal management system for electric vehicles, complete the design of the thermal management system for the whole vehicle, and realize the coupling temperature regulation between the vehicle cabin and the power battery pack. A direct cooling system model containing electric compressors, electronic expansion valves, heat exchangers, power battery packs, and other components coupled to the air conditioning system is established. Based on this, a vehicle thermal management model of the entire vehicle including electric vehicle, electric motor, high and low voltage network, vehicle cabin, air conditioning system, and power battery pack is completed. Develop the logic threshold control strategy, compressor speed control strategy, and electronic expansion valve opening control strategy for the vehicle thermal management system. Through the comparative analysis of the temperature control effect of the thermal management system on the cabin and the power battery pack under different ambient temperatures, the effect of different temperatures on the vehicle range is analyzed. The results show that this vehicle thermal management system can meet the requirements for battery pack heat dissipation and vehicle cabin refrigeration.

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Xie, Li, and Baojun Liu. "Electric vehicle battery charging interference intelligent protection device." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2310, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2310/1/012046.

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Abstract The frequent occurrence of fire accidents in the charging process of electric vehicles is a relatively concerned problem. This paper has targeted analysis of electric vehicle fire causes, and the harm caused by fire. This paper puts forward the prospect and significance of battery interference protection device, analysed the working principle of battery charging interference intelligent protection device according to the types and characteristics of electric vehicle battery, and points out the important role of battery interference protection device, which has practical significance.

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Pierri, Erika, Valentina Cirillo, Thomas Vietor, and Marco Sorrentino. "Adopting a Conversion Design Approach to Maximize the Energy Density of Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071939.

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Innovative vehicle concepts have been developed in the past years in the automotive sector, including alternative drive systems such as hybrid and battery electric vehicles, so as to meet the environmental targets and cope with the increasingly stringent emissions regulations. The preferred hybridizing technology is lithium-ion battery, thanks to its high energy density. The optimal integration of battery packs in the vehicle is a challenging task when designing e-mobility concepts. Therefore, this work proposes a conceptual design procedure aimed at optimizing the sizing of hybrid and battery electric vehicles. Particularly, the influence of the cell type, physical disposition and arrangement of the electrical devices is accounted for within a conversion design framework. The optimization is focused on the trade-off between the battery pack capacity and weight. After introducing the main features of electric traction systems and their challenges compared to conventional ones, the relevant design properties of electric vehicles are analyzed. A detailed strategy, encompassing the selection of battery format and technology, battery pack design and final assessment of the proposed set-up, is presented and implemented in an exemplary application, assuming an existing commercial vehicle as the reference starting layout. Prismatic, cylindrical and pouch cells are configured aiming at achieving installed battery energy as close as possible to the reference one, while meeting the original installation space constraint. The best resulting configuration, which also guarantees similar peak power performance of the reference battery-pack, allows reducing the mass of the storage system down to 70% of its starting value.

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Wang, Zhen Po, Sheng Jie Shi, Yue Wang, and Xiao Hui Sun. "The Simulation Analysis on Side Collision Safety of Electric Buses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 1130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.1130.

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With energy and environmental issues outstanding, electric vehicles have got much room for developments, which also brings a lot of security risks different from the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle such as the electrolyte spillage; toxic fumes; electric shock and so on. This paper simulates the progress of a electric bus side collision with LS-DYNA, and analyzes its security mainly from aspects of the electrical injury and electrochemical injury: internal short-circuit occurs in battery monomer, external short-circuit outside the battery pack occurs or even cause a fire, BMS, fast fuse and other electronic components with too large deformation in a collision will lose its ability of monitoring external short-circuit of battery pack. Meanwhile, we analyze reasons for the three phenomena above and propose measures for improvement, fix methods and structure of the weak components in collision zone have been improved. Then this paper verifies vehicle security after improvement reducing the electrical injury and electrochemical injury the vehicle on passengers.

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Holjevac, Nikola, Federico Cheli, and Massimiliano Gobbi. "A simulation-based concept design approach for combustion engine and battery electric vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 7 (June 7, 2018): 1950–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018777350.

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The early concept design of a vehicle is becoming increasingly crucial to determine the success of a car. Broadening market competition, more stringent regulations and fast technological changes require a prompt response from carmakers, and computer-aided engineering has emerged in recent years as the promising way to provide more efficient and cost-effective design and to cut development time and costs. The work presented in this paper shows an approach based on computer-aided engineering to determine vehicle’s energy consumption and performance. The different vehicle’s subsystem are first analyzed separately by using dedicated simulation tools and then integrated to obtain the entire vehicle. The work covers a wide range of vehicle layouts. Internal combustion engine vehicles and battery electric vehicles are considered and various transmission configurations are contemplated with respect to some of the most adopted solutions for these vehicles. The simulation results allow to identify the most effective design variables regarding the combustion engine and the electric motor and to compare the different layouts over various car segments. The results clearly point out that for internal combustion engine vehicles, the combustion engine is the crucial component that defines the vehicle’s characteristics and particularly the energy consumption. Conversely, battery electric vehicles show a more balanced distribution of the losses, and therefore to improve the vehicle’s behavior, different components should be considered in detail. Nevertheless, the choice of the number of electric motors and the transmission choice play a significant role in defining the vehicle performances.

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Gong, Dong Liang, Rong Yi Niu, Jie Jin, and Hua Geng. "RFID Technology Application in Electric Vehicle’s Battery Charging Stations." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1545.

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Regarding the development of the electric vehicle replacement charging stations, this paper comes up with the application solution of RFID technology in the electric vehicle battery replacement charging stations. This paper first analyzes the specific characteristics of the RFID technology, provides an overview on the RFID technology solution to solve the management problem of the battery compartment, introduces the RFID technology application on the management of charging vehicles, as well as on the unified management of battery compartment in battery replacement charging stations. The paper makes the outlook on the RFID technology application in other fields of the electric vehicle replacement charging stations.

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Astaneh, Majid, Jelena Andric, Lennart Löfdahl, Dario Maggiolo, Peter Stopp, Mazyar Moghaddam, Michel Chapuis, and Henrik Ström. "Calibration Optimization Methodology for Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Model for Electric Vehicles in Mining Applications." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 3532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143532.

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Large-scale introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) to the market sets outstanding requirements for battery performance to extend vehicle driving range, prolong battery service life, and reduce battery costs. There is a growing need to accurately and robustly model the performance of both individual cells and their aggregated behavior when integrated into battery packs. This paper presents a novel methodology for Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack simulations under actual operating conditions of an electric mining vehicle. The validated electrochemical-thermal models of Li-ion battery cells are scaled up into battery modules to emulate cell-to-cell variations within the battery pack while considering the random variability of battery cells, as well as electrical topology and thermal management of the pack. The performance of the battery pack model is evaluated using transient experimental data for the pack operating conditions within the mining environment. The simulation results show that the relative root mean square error for the voltage prediction is 0.7–1.7% and for the battery pack temperature 2–12%. The proposed methodology is general and it can be applied to other battery chemistries and electric vehicle types to perform multi-objective optimization to predict the performance of large battery packs.

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Steffen, Thomas, Ashley Fly, and William Mitchell. "Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Considering the Effects of a Financial Incentive on Battery Ageing." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 4742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184742.

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As the market share of electric vehicles increases, the intermittent load on the electricity grid due to charging will increase. This can be counteracted by Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) which utilises dormant electric vehicles to feed power into the grid, generating income for the vehicle owner while relieving load across the grid. However, increased battery use through V2G can negatively affect battery health. In this work, a computational model of an electric vehicle with battery degradation is used to investigate the relationship of these effects. The analysis was conducted at the top level of detail, only considering the battery pack of the vehicle. The findings of this investigation show that the cost relating to battery degradation is smaller than the potential profit available from Vehicle-to-Grid over a three-year period. However, the benefit does not seem to be enough to justify the upfront investment requirement, and further financial incentives, such as net billing, may be required to make V2G economically viable. Future development within this field is vital for the success of the electric vehicle within the automotive markets, and for the transition to a renewable energy grid.

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Bupesh Raja, V. K., Ignatius Raja, and Rahul Kavvampally. "Advancements in Battery Technologies of Electric Vehicle." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012011.

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Abstract The Automotive Industry has undergone a huge revolution – Electric Vehicles! Electric cars are growing fast and the demand for them is increasing all around the world, thanks to the more and improved choice, reduced prices, and enhancing battery technology. Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric vehicles have gone through a tremendous amount of advancement. This paper reviews the current major challenges faced by the Electric Vehicle Industry along with possible solutions to overcome them. Although electric vehicles have come a long way, the battery used in the vehicles needs to be further explored to harness maximum energy with a compact design. Electric vehicles should soon be able to compete with combustion engine vehicles in every aspect. Also, this paper reviews alternative materials for electrodes and batteries to make charging faster and reliable than ever. This paper envisages few concepts that could revolutionize Automobile Industry further in the future.

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Pham, Xuan Mai, Ga Van Bui, Ha Pham, and Le Hoang Phu Pham. "Design Process of Electric Vehicle Power System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 907 (June 22, 2022): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-vkvz26.

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This paper presents the research on the process of designing and optimizing the powertrain of electric vehicles, such as the general arrangement of electric vehicles, the design of electric motors, transmission systems, battery systems, as well as selecting the appropriate layout design. In addition, the article analyzes the computational models of electric drive systems, energy systems and calculates the performance of these systems in accordance with actual use. Finally, design and simulation calculations of the powertrain and energy of electric vehicles are performed using Simcenter Amesim software. Keywords: Electric vehicle, battery, electric motor, Simcenter Amesim

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Lynch, W. A., and Z. M. Salameh. "Realistic electric vehicle battery evaluation." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 12, no. 4 (1997): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/60.638961.

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Xie, Chuan Sheng, Cheng Ying Zhou, and Chen Chen Zhao. "Electric Vehicle Battery Distribution Network Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 404 (September 2013): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.404.408.

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Along with the wide spread of electric vehicles in China, the popularity of related facilities are popularizing and improving gradually, and in the meantime, requirements for the efficiency and effectiveness of the facilities arises. This article focuses on problems concerning the efficient electric vehicle battery distribution network, and obtains the feasible distribution programs by optimal model of cost; then evaluates feasible programs by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to determine the optimal layout of the distribution network. Numerical results show that the model is flexible, scientific and rational.

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Joseph, Binsy, and Deepak Vishnu Bhoir. "Design and Assessment of Electric Vehicle Performance Parameters based on Drive Cycle." ITM Web of Conferences 40 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20214001007.

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Electric vehicle plays a significant role, in the future transportation across the world. EV has the potential to reduce air pollution and emission of Greenhouse gasses significantly compared to the existing fossil-fuel-based vehicles. Even though substantial progress can be expected in the area of embarked energy storage technologies, charging infrastructure, customer acceptance of Electric Vehicles is still limited due to the problems of Driving range anxiety and long battery charging time. We can solve most of these problems with the infrastructure development ,optimum sizing and design of the vehicle components and extensive study on vehicle dynamics under various real-time driving conditions. This research focuses on the Matlab software based co-simulation of Electric Vehicle system, including the battery pack and motor, to predict the vehicle performance parameters like driving range, efficiency, power requirement, and energy characteristics under different driving scenarios. The vehicle’s acceleration performance, energy consumption, and efficiency are determined by simulation and verified analytically. Using ADVISOR software the fuel economies and tail pipe emission for various vehicle models are determined by simulation and results are compared with Hybrid Electric vehicle models.

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Talukdar, Bipul Kumar, and Bimal Chandra Deka. "An Approach to Reliability, Availability and Maintainability Analysis of a Plug-In Electric Vehicle." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010034.

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Electric vehicle technologies have seen rapid development in recent years. However, Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) related concerns still have restricted large-scale commercial utilization of these vehicles. This paper presents an approach to carry out a quantitative RAM analysis of a plug-in electric vehicle. A mathematical model is developed in the Markov Framework incorporating the reliability characteristics of all significant electrical components of the vehicle system, namely battery, motor, drive, controllers, charging unit, and energy management unit. The study shows that the vehicle’s survivability can be increased by improving its components’ restoration rates. The paper also investigates the role of a charging station on the availability of the vehicle. It illustrates how the grid power supply’s reliability influences the operational effectiveness of a plug-in electric vehicle. The concepts that are presented in the article can support further study on the reliability design and maintenance of a plug-in electric vehicle.

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Arshita Madan, Ishika, Yash Bhardwaj, and Abhiruchi Passi. "Analysis of electric vehicles." International Journal of Engineering Research Updates 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijeru.2022.2.1.0022.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity as a result of a number of causes, including lower prices and have gained concern due to changing climatic conditions. This study focuses on changes to be brought in electrical vehicle considering the recent trends in battery technology, new techniques for charging the vehicles and provides new opportunities for research. More specifically, an examination of the global market condition for electric vehicles (EVs) and their future prospects is conducted. Battery being one of the most important parts of electric vehicles, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of various technologies of batteries. We also go over many EV charging standards that are available, as well as the pros and cons of each.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric vehicle battery'

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