Dissertations / Theses: 'Electric vehicle charging station'

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Algvere, Caroline. "Designing Electric Vehicle Charging Station Information." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415168.

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The electric vehicle industry is under rapid development and the fleet of chargeable cars in society is increasing fast. As a result, a high demand for public chargers has emerged. Simultaneous to the expansion of the electric vehicle fleet and charging infrastructure the power grid is occasionally highly strained. Additionally, factors like cities expanding and the digitization of society also have a large effect on the power grid. This master's thesis investigates the characteristics of electric vehicle users and presents a prototype of an information display for electric vehicle charging stations. The design is is based on the user studies and founded in theory about sustainable user behaviour with the goal of encouraging behaviours that minimize the strain on the local power grid of Uppsala. It concerns the research topic of how to design for sustainable behaviour and address research questions of how to design electric vehicle charging station information to communicate multiple charging alternatives to a broad variety of users. The work reveals that electric vehicle users suffer from the charging infrastructure being underdeveloped, feel frustration towards payment solutions available and lack information regarding electric vehicle use. Also, electric vehicle user's common passion for tech and environmental consciousness are revealed in the study. These facts are used as the foundation for the mobile application design prototype suggested.

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Eltoumi, Fouad. "Charging station for electric vehicle using hybrid sources." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA009.

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Une plus grande utilisation des véhicules électriques (VE) et hybrides rechargeables exige une conception efficace des stations de recharge pour fournir des taux de charge appropriés. Le raccordement d'une station sur le réseau électrique conventionnel provoquerait des perturbations, ce qui augmenterait le coût de la recharge. Par conséquent, dans ce scénario, l'utilisation de sources renouvelables sur site telles que l'énergie photovoltaïque (PV) en appui au réseau conventionnel peut augmenter les performances de la station de recharge. Dans cette thèse, une source PV est utilisée conjointement avec le réseau pour compléter la charge des VE. Cependant, le PV est connu pour sa nature intermittente qui dépend fortement des conditions géographiques et météorologiques. Ainsi, pour compenser l'intermittence du PV, un système de stockage à batterie (BSS) est combiné avec le PV dans un système raccordé au réseau, fournissant un fonctionnement stable de la station de recharge PV hybride.En général, les stations de recharge hybrides devraient être rentables, efficientes et fiables pour répondre aux besoins variables de la charge des VE dans différents scénarios. Dans cette thèse, une stratégie efficace de gestion hiérarchique de l'énergie est proposée et appliquée pour maximiser l'énergie photovoltaïque sur site, pour répondre à la charge variable des VE en utilisant une réponse rapide du BSS et en réduisant la sollicitation de réseau. Cette stratégie globale améliore la performance ainsi que la fiabilité et la rentabilité.Un étage de conversion de puissance bidirectionnel efficace est introduit pour le BSS sous la forme d'un convertisseur buck-boost entrelacé pour assurer le fonctionnement du BSS et réduire les pertes pendant la phase de conversion. Cette topologie a des caractéristiques qui permettent d'améliorer les ondulations du courant et par conséquent, d'augmenter considérablement la qualité de l'énergie. De même, pour extraire la puissance maximale du système PV dans des conditions météorologiques intermittentes, une MPPT est utilisée en même temps que le convertisseur élévateur entrelacé pour assurer la continuité de la puissance de la source PV. De même, pour l'étage de charge des véhicules, afin de répondre aux demandes dynamiques de puissance des VE ; tout en maintenant l'équilibre entre les quantités de production disponibles, un convertisseur d'entrelacement est proposé en complément de la stratégie de sous-gestion. En particulier, cette étape de conversion et de gestion porte sur la faible utilisation du réseau notamment lors de pointes de puissance. Ceci diminue considérablement la perturbation sur le réseau, surtout aux heures de pointe, et améliore donc la performance du système dans son ensemble.Pour exploiter l'ensemble du système dans des conditions souhaitables, une stratégie de gestion de l'énergie en ligne est proposée. Cette stratégie en temps réel fonctionne de manière hiérarchique, en s'initialisant à partir d'une utilisation maximale de la source PV, puis en utilisant le BSS pour compléter l'alimentation et en utilisant le réseau en cas de conditions intermittentes ou lorsque la quantité de PV est faible. La stratégie de gestion assure un fonctionnement fiable du système, tout en maximisant l'utilisation du PV, en répondant à la demande des VE et en maximisant la durée de vie du BSS. Dans cette thèse, un système de charge hybride basé sur le PV, le BSS et le réseau conventionnel est proposé pour répondre aux besoins de charge des VE. Une étape efficace de conversion de l'énergie a été proposée en utilisant des convertisseurs entrelacés de type buck-boost pour améliorer la qualité de l'énergie et, en fin de compte, une stratégie de gestion en ligne est développée pour maximiser l'utilisation de l'énergie renouvelable, en insérant moins de stress sur le réseau et en améliorant l'utilisation du BSS Higher penetration of electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles requires efficient design of charging stations to supply appropriate charging rates. This would trigger stress on conventional grid, thus increasing the cost of charging. Therefore, in this scenario the use of on-site renewable sources such as photovoltaic (PV) energy alongside to the conventional grid can increase the performance of charging station. In this thesis, a PV source is used in conjunction with grid to supplement EV load. However, the PV is known for its intermittent nature that is highly dependent on geographical and weather conditions. So, to compensate the intermittency of PV, a battery storage system (BSS) is combined with the PV in a grid-tied system, providing a stable operation of hybrid PV based charging station.Generally, hybrid sources based charging station should be cost effective, efficient, and reliable to supplement the variable needs of EVs load in different scenarios. In this thesis, efficient hierarchical energy management strategy is proposed and applied to maximize on-site PV energy, to meet the variable load of EVs using quick response of BSS and putting less stress on grid. This strategy overall improves the performance and is reliable and cost-effective.An efficient bidirectional power conversion stage is introduced for BSS in the form of interleaved buck-boost converter to ensure the safe operation of BSS and reduce the losses during conversion stage. This topology has characteristics to improve the current ripples and therefore, increase the power quality drastically. Similarly, to extract the maximum power from PV system under intermittent weather conditions, MPPT is used alongside with interleaved boost converter to ensure the continuity of power from PV source. Similarly, for vehicles charger stage, to meet the dynamic power demands of EVs; while, keeping the balance between available generation amounts, interleave converter is proposed combined to sub-management strategy. Particularly, this conversion stage and management addresses the low utilization of grid sources for charging purpose when, peak load is present at grid side. This charging behaviour greatly decreases the stress on grid especially at peak hours and therefore, improves the performance of system in overall.To operate whole system under desirable conditions, an online energy management strategy is proposed. This real-time strategy works in hierarchical manner, initializing from maximized utilization of PV source, then using BSS to supplement power and utilizing grid during intermittent conditions or when there is low amount of PV. The management strategy ensure reliable operation of system, while maximizing the PV utilization, meeting the EVs demand and maximizing the life the BSS.In this thesis, a hybrid charging system based on PV, BSS and conventional grid is proposed to support the needs of EVs load. Efficient energy conversion stage has been proposed using interleave buck-boost converters to improve the quality of power and at the end, an online management strategy is developed to maximize the renewable energy utilization, inserting lesser stress on grid and improving the utilization of BSS to improve its life

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Du, Yunke. "PEV Charging Demand Estimation and Selection of Level 3 Charging Station." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1367243693.

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Atterby, Alfred, Jakub Bluj, and Elias Sjögren. "Potential for electric vehicle smart charging station expansion at Fyrisskolan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352636.

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The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to investigate the potential for electric vehicle charging at the high school Fyrisskolan, located in central Uppsala. The idea relies on charging electric vehicles (EV:s) outside of the hours of peak power consumption of the school which in this report is assumed to be solved by a suitable smart charger. In this project, various stochastic models are built to simulate solar energy production and school energy consumption using data collected from various sources. This generated data along with driving distances and EV:s energy consumptions are used to calculate the available energy for EV charging. The available energy is then used to distinguish a minimal, mean and maximal amount of cars that could potentially be charged outside Fyrisskolan for each chosen month. The data collected is taken from December, March and June. Calculations and simulations are done in MATLAB. Results show that with available energy outside the peak energy consumption hours, there is a possibility to charge around 104 EV:s in one work day. The main conclusion is that there is not only a big potential to expand the charging of EV:s outside the school by installing smart charging stations in a technical view, but also a desire from employees at the school and neighbours living near it, to charge their future electric vehicles.

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Wu, Fei. "Electric Vehicle Charging Network Design and Control Strategies." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1479900508609434.

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Österberg, Viktor. "Electric Vehicle Charging Station Markets : An analysis of the competitive situation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2018.

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Electric Vehicles represent a small niche market today, but is predicted to grow rapidly over the next years. In order to prepare for this upcoming trend it is the networks of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) must expand, leading to an increasing demand for EVCSs. The EVCS market is thus becoming increasingly more popular to companies, and therefore this study’s purpose is to investigate this market and its competitive situation. The method used in this study includes a brief market analysis and a competitor analysis. The market analysis includes identification of the EVCS markets together assessing the future of the markets, and identification of EVCS market drivers and restraints. The competitor analysis includes competitor identification, classification and analysis. The top ten competitors are analyzed by the use of document content analysis, the analysis involves understanding the competitors’ target customers, how they do business and how their marketing material is structured. The three most promising EVCS markets, both currently and in the future, are the Asia Pacific, Europe and the North America markets. Most of the top competitors are active within these three markets. Regional developments, and market drivers and restraints of these markets have been identified. The opportunities in the EVCS markets are many as they are relatively unexploited markets without any actual market leaders, and also that all markets are predicted to grow at a very high rate over the coming decade in parallel with the projected mass adoption if Electric Vehicles (EVs). Idag utgör elfordon endast en liten nischmarknad i transportmarknaden, men denna förväntas växa snabbt under de närmaste åren. För att kunna hantera marknadsetableringen av elfordon måste elfordonsladdningsinfrastrukturen byggas ut, vilket leder till en ökad efterfrågan på elfordonsladdningsstationer. Elfordonsladdningsmarknaden förespås således bli allt mer intressant för företag. Detta examensarbete genomförs på grund av detta växande intresse, då studiens syfte är att undersöka elfordonsladdstationsmarknaden och dess konkurrenssituation. Metoden som används i denna studie inbegriper en kort marknadsanalys och en konkurrensanalys. Marknadsanalysen innehåller identifiering av elfordonsladdningsmarknaderna, vad som driver och hindrar marknaderna, och en bedömning av hur framtiden ser ut för marknaderna. I konkurrensanalysen ingår identifiering, klassificering och analys av de olika konkurrenterna. De tio mest konkurrenskraftiga konkurrenterna analyseras med hjälp av dokumentinnehållsanalys, syftet med analysen är att förstå konkurrenternas målgrupper, hur de gör affärer och hur deras marknadsföringsmaterial är strukturerad. De tre mest lovande elfordonsladdningsmarknaderna, både nu och i framtiden, är marknaderna i Asien och Stillahavsområdet, Europa och Nordamerika. De flesta av de analyserade konkurrenterna är verksamma inom dessa tre marknader. Den regionala utvecklingen, och vad som driver och begränsar marknaderna har identifierats för de tre mest lovande marknaderna. Eftersom dessa marknader är relativt oexploaterade i samband med att de förväntas växa med väldigt hög takt det kommande decenniet parallellt med massanvändningen av elfordon är möjligheterna många för de företag som inriktar sig mot elbilsladdning.

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Greene, Briun. "How to Develop the Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure in China." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437409084.

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Högberg, Tomas. "Self Service Customer Support of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277818.

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The aim of this master thesis is to develop a suggested methodology for how to use Mavenoid infrastructure to improve customer support of DEFA EV chargers. Mavenoid is a company that helps other companies automate customer support, especially troubleshooting. This is done with Mavenoid models, interactive selfhelp tools that guide end users without technical knowledge through the troubleshooting process. Mavenoid models provide value both by deflecting cases (the end user solves the problem on their own using the model) and triaging cases (collect relevant information about the problem before escalating the case to a human support agent) The main methodology to develop a suggested methodology was learning by doing, using the suggested methodology to actually implement Mavenoid models available to end users on DEFA’s home page. This was complemented with a literature review, interviews and data analysis from model usage. The suggested methodology is to iteratively follow the steps of deciding which models to build, make priorities within these models, build the models, analyze their performance and continuously improve the models. To decide models, carefully evaluate DEFA’s support situation to decide where Mavenoid models would have the greatest impact. Force yourself to make quantitative assumptions to estimate a payback time for each possible model. For each model, carefully prioritize what to include and where the focus should be using estimates of frequency, value and time to model. Build the models to maximize deflection and triage and minimize abandoned sessions. Collect and analyze data from model usage and use this information to improve the models. To prioritize between possible improvements, force yourself to make quantitative assumptions of value and time to model and rank improvements by payback time. Limit the improvements you make either by time available or desired payback time. The potential business opportunity between Mavenoid and its customers is more attractive the more support cases the customer has and the larger fraction of end users that use Mavenoid. The business opportunity varies greatly with assumptions that are very difficult to estimate accurately at the early stages of a Mavenoid implementation. This indicates that Mavenoid models should be implemented step by step and assumptions updated when more data is available. Implementing Mavenoid models can be both positive and negative from a sustainable development perspective. They could encourage people to repair products instead of replacing them, scale renewable energy technology faster and remove boring and repetitive tasks from support staff. On the other hand, they might not be appreciated by all end users, could lead to increased electricity consumption and potential unemployment for support staff. Being about a largely unresearched topic, the results in this thesis are relatively subjective. This suggested methodology was used and proved to work to implement Mavenoid models for DEFA EV charging stations but it should be seen as one possible methodology, not the confirmed best methodology. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utveckla en metodologi för hur Mavenoids teknologi kan användas till att förbättra kundsupporten för DEFAs elbilsladdare. Mavenoid är ett företag som hjälper andra företag att automatisera kundsupport, särskilt felsökning. Detta görs med Mavenoidmodeller, interaktiva självhjälpsverktyg som guidar slutanvändare utan teknisk kunskap genom felsökningsprocessen. Mavenoidmodeller ger värde både genom att slutanvändaren löser problemet på egen hand genom att använda modellen (deflection) och genom att samla relevant information om problemet innan ärendet eskaleras till teknisk support (triage). Den huvudsakliga metoden för att utveckla metodologin var att lära genom att göra, faktiskt implementera Mavenoidmodeller och göra de tillgängliga för slutanvändare på DEFA: s hemsida. Detta kompletterades med en litteraturöversikt, intervjuer och dataanalys av hur modellerna användes. Den föreslagna metodologin är att iterativt följa stegen besluta vilka modeller som ska byggas, prioritera inom dessa modeller, bygga modellerna, analysera data från dem och kontinuerligt förbättra modellerna. För att bestämma modeller, utvärdera DEFAs supportsituation noggrant för att bestämma var Mavenoid-modellerna skulle ha störst inverkan. Tvinga dig själv att göra kvantitativa antaganden för att uppskatta en återbetalningstid för varje möjlig modell. För varje modell ska du noggrant prioritera vad du ska inkludera och var fokus ska vara genom att använda uppskattningar av frekvens, värde och tid att modellera. Bygg modellerna för att maximera deflection och triage och minimera övergivna sessioner. Samla och analysera data från modellerna och använd denna information för att förbättra modellerna. För att prioritera mellan möjliga förbättringar, tvinga dig själv att göra kvantitativa antaganden om värde och tid att modellera och rangordna förbättringar efter återbetalningstid. Begränsa de förbättringar du gör antingen utifrån tillgänglig tid eller önskad återbetalningstid. Den potentiella affärsmöjligheten mellan Mavenoid och dess kunder är mer attraktiv ju fler supportärenden kunden har och ju större andel slutanvändare som använder Mavenoid. Affärsmöjligheten varierar kraftigt med antaganden som är mycket svåra att uppskatta i början av ett projekt att implementera Mavenoidmodeller. Detta indikerar att Mavenoidmodeller bör implementeras steg för steg och antaganden uppdateras när mer data finns tillgängligt. Implementering av Mavenoid-modeller kan vara både positivt och negativt sett till hållbar utveckling. De kan uppmuntra människor att reparera produkter istället för att byta ut dem, skala upp förnybar energiteknologi snabbare och ta bort tråkiga och repetitiva uppgifter från teknisk support. Å andra sidan kanske de inte uppskattas av alla slutanvändare, kan leda till ökad elförbrukning och potentiell arbetslöshet för de som jobbar inom teknisk support. Eftersom examensarbetet handlar om ett relativt outforskat ämne är resultaten relativt subjektiva. Denna föreslagna metodologi användes och visade sig fungera för att implementera Mavenoidmodeller för DEFAs elbilsladdare men den bör ses som en möjlig metodologi, inte den bekräftat bästa metodologin.

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de, Freige Makram. "Design and simulation of a fast-charging station for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) batteries." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103758.

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With the increasing interest in green technologies in transportation, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) have proven to be the best short-term solution to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. Despite such interest, conventional vehicle drivers are still reluctant in using such a new technology, mainly because of the long duration (4-8 hours) required to charge PHEV batteries with the currently existing Level I and II chargers. For this reason, Level III fast-charging stations capable of reducing the charging duration to 10-15 minutes are being considered. The present thesis focuses on the design of a fast-charging station that uses, in addition to the electrical grid, two stationary energy storage devices: a flywheel energy storage and a supercapacitor. The power electronic converters used for the interface of the energy sources with the charging station are designed. The design also focuses on the energy management that will minimize the PHEV battery charging duration as well as the duration required to recharge the energy storage devices. For this reason, an algorithm that minimizes durations along with its mathematical formulation is proposed, and its application in fast charging environment will be illustrated by means of two scenarios. Depuis le développement de l'intérêt porté aux technologies propres appliquées au domaine de l'automobile et du transport, les véhicules hybrides et électriques rechargeables (VHER) sont reconnus comme le meilleur compromis qui diminuerait les émissions de gaz a effet de serre. Malgré ce progrès pour l'environnement, la plupart des usagers de véhicules conventionnels refusent de s'adapter à cette nouvelle technologie a cause du long temps requis (4 à 8 heures) pour recharger les batteries des VHERs si les chargeurs de Niveau I et II existants sont utilisés. Pour cette raison, les stations de recharge rapide de Niveau III sont largement considérées. La présente thèse propose une station qui emploi comme sources d'énergie le réseau électrique ainsi que deux sources de stockage d'énergie : une roue d'inertie et un supercondensateur. Les convertisseurs qui permettent l'interface de ces sources avec le chargeur sont également conçus et dimensionnés en énergie. Afin d'optimiser le temps requis pour recharger la batterie du VHER ainsi que le temps requis pour recharger les sources de stockage, un algorithme est proposé avec son application à la technologie de recharge rapide. Deux différents scenarios sont mis en oeuvre pour illustrer l'efficacité de cet algorithme.

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Gogoana, Radu. "Assessing the viability of level III electric vehicle rapid-charging stations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59912.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33). This is an analysis of the feasibility of electric vehicle rapid-charging stations at power levels above 300 kW. Electric vehicle rapid-charging (reaching above 80% state-of-charge in less than 15 minutes) has been demonstrated, but concerns have been raised about the high levels of electrical power required to recharge a high-capacity battery in a short period of time. This economic analysis is based on an existing project run by MIT's Electric Vehicle Team, of building a 200-mile range battery electric sedan capable of recharging in 10 minutes. The recharging process for this vehicle requires a power source capable of delivering 350 kW; while this is possible in controlled laboratory environments, this thesis explores the viability of rapid-charging stations on the grid-scale and their capability of servicing the same volume of vehicles as seen by today's gas stations. At this volume, building a rapid-charging station is not only viable, but has the potential to become a lucrative business opportunity. by Radu Gogoana. S.B.

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Singh, Viraj. "How can California Best Promote Electric Vehicle Adoption? The Effect of Public Charging Station Availability on EV Adoption." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/204.

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To promote higher air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the Californian government is investing heavily in developing public charging infrastructure to meet its electric vehicle adoption goal of five million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030. This thesis investigates the effect of public charging infrastructure availability on electric vehicle adoption at the zip code level in California. The analysis considers other factors that may influence electric vehicle adoption such as education level, income, commute time, gas prices, and public transportation rate. The findings suggest that public charging infrastructure availability does significantly positively correlate with electric vehicle registrations. Linear regressions were run using data from the U.S Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center, IHS Markit vehicle registration data, and the US Census Bureau. The findings support continued investment in public charging infrastructure as a means of promoting electric vehicle adoption.

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Galli, Federico. "Design of an innovative electric vehicle simulator for Charging Systems' End-of-Line Testing." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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The trend related to the turnover of internal combustion engine vehicles with EVs goes by the name of electrification. The push electrification experienced in the last decade is linked to the still ongoing evolution in power electronics technology for charging systems. This is the reason why an evolution in testing strategies and testing equipment is crucial too. The project this dissertation is based on concerns the investigation of a new EV simulator design. that optimizes the structure of the testing equipment used by the company who commissioned this work. Project requirements can be summarized in the following two points: space occupation reduction and parallel charging implementation. Some components were completely redesigned, and others were substituted with equivalent ones that could perform the same tasks. In this way it was possible to reduce the space occupation of the simulator, as well as to increase the efficiency of the testing device. Moreover, the possibility of conjugating different charging simulations could be investigated by parallelly launching two testing procedures on a unique machine, properly predisposed for supporting the two charging protocols used. On the back of the results achieved in the body of this dissertation, a new design for the EV simulator was proposed. In this way, space reduction was obtained, and space occupation efficiency was improved with the proposed new design. The testing device thus resulted to be way more compact, enabling to gain in safety and productivity, along with a 25% cost reduction. Furthermore, parallel charging was implemented in the proposed new design since the conducted tests clearly showed the feasibility of parallel charging sessions. The results presented in this work can thus be implemented to build the first prototype of the new EV simulator.

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Gong, Jindan. "Optimisation of charging strategies and energy storage operation for a solar driven charging station." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-272006.

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The Swedish energy sector is undergoing transformational changes. Along with a rapid growth of renewables and a shift towards electromobility, the transformation is expected to bring challenges to the power system in terms of grid instability and capacity deficiency. Integrating distributed renewable electricity production into the electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure is a promising solution to overcome those challenges. The feasibility of implementing such a charging infrastructure system in northern Sweden is however uncertain, as the solar resources are scarce in the long winter period. This study aims to maximise the value of a solar powered EV charging station, placed in a workplace environment in Umeå. An integrated system model of the charging station is developed, comprising separate models of a solar PV system, a battery energy storage system (BESS), the workplace EV fleet and the building Växthuset, onto which the charging station will be installed. Three scenarios are developed to study the charging station’s system performance under different EV charging strategies and BESS dispatch strategies. Two additional scenarios are developed to study the potential grid services that the charging station can provide in the winter period. A techno-economic assessment is performed on each scenario’s simulation results, to measure their effect on the charging station’s value. It involves analysing the charging station’s profitability and how well the BESS is utilised by the end of a ten-year project period. The charging station’s grid impact is further assessed by its self-consumption of solar power, peak power demand and the grid energy exchange. The assessed charging station values indicate that the overall grid impact was reduced with dynamic EV charging strategies and that the BESS capacity utilisation was strongly influenced by its dispatch strategy. The charging station further implied a net capital loss under the explored scenarios, even while the dynamic charging strategies brought by a slightly increased economic value. Moreover, the studied winter scenarios showed a great potential for the charging station to provide ancillary services to the local distribution grid while maintaining an efficient BESS capacity utilisation. The winter period’s peak power demand was significantly reduced by optimising the BESS operation to shift peaks in the building’s load profile, and peaks caused by the additional EV charging demand and the EV heaters, to off-peak hours. On this basis, future research is recommended for improved simulations of the charging station operation and to study additional value-added features that the solar driven charging station can bring. Sveriges energisystem genomgår en omfattande omställning. Förändringar i form av en ökad andel förnybar elproduktion och elektrifieringen av transportsektorn förväntas medföra stora utmaningar för elsystemets nätstabilitet och överföringskapacitet. Att integrera in distribuerad, förnybar elproduktion som en del av laddinfrastrukturen för elfordon ställer sig som en lovande lösning för att möta de väntande utmaningarna. Möjligheterna att tillämpa en sådan lösning i norra Sverige är däremot mindre självklara, då solresurserna är knappa under vintertid. Det här examensarbetet syftar till att maximera nyttan av en soldriven laddstation för elbilar, placerad på ett arbetsplatsområde i Umeå. En integrerad energisystemmodell av laddstationen har skapats, bestående av systemmodeller av solpaneler, ett batterienergilager, arbetsplatsens elbilsflotta samt byggnaden Växthuset, som laddstationen ska anslutas till. Tre scenarier har utformats för att undersöka hur laddstationens prestanda förändras beroende på olika laddstrategier för elbilarna och batterienergilagrets styrning. Ytterligare två scenarier har utvecklats för att utforska möjliga nättjänster som laddstationen kan bistå med under vintertid. Laddstationens värde har vidare bedömts utifrån systemets prestanda i de olika scenarierna. Bedömningen grundar sig på laddstationens lönsamhet och hur välutnyttjat batterienergilagret är efter en kalkylperiod på 10 år, samt på specifika påverkansfaktorer på elnätet. Faktorerna omfattar konsumtionen av egenproducerad el, toppeffektuttaget och nätöverföringarna orsakade av laddstationen. Från värderingen av laddstationen framgår det att de dynamiska laddstrategierna ledde till en, överlag, minskad påverkan på elnätet samt att styrningen av batterienergilagret hade stor inverkan på dess utnyttjandegrad. Laddstationens nettonuvärde förblev negativt i de tre scenarierna, även om de dynamiska laddstrategierna, ökade dess ekonomiska värde till en viss del. Vidare tyder simuleringen av vinterscenarierna på att det finns en stor potential för laddstationen att erbjuda tjänster för lokalnätet och samtidigt nyttiggöra sig av batterienergilagret. Växthusets toppeffektuttag reducerades märkbart genom att optimera batteristyrningen till att flytta effekttoppar orsakade av Växthusets ellastkurva eller elbilarnas laddning och uppvärmning, till de timmar där lasten var lägre. Med detta i bakgrund föreslås vidare studier som fokuserar på den integrerade energisystemmodellen för att förbättra simuleringarna, samt att undersöka möjligheterna till att erbjuda fler nättjänster, som ökar laddstationens mervärde.

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Wang, Dian. "Microgrid based on photovoltaic energy for charging electric vehicle stations : charging and discharging management strategies in communication with the smart grid." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2584.

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Le développement rapide des véhicules électriques (EVs) augmente la demande de puissance, ce qui provoque une charge supplémentaire sur le réseau public et augmente les fluctuations de la charge. Par conséquent, la forte pénétration des EVs est freinée. Un algorithme simulé en temps réel et basé sur des règles est élaboré pour les bornes de recharge des EVs alimentées par un micro-réseau DC afin de faire face aux incertitudes du comportement des utilisateurs des EVs. L'algorithme prend en considération les choix arbitraires et aléatoires proposés via l'interface homme-machine. Les résultats de simulation sont obtenus sous MATLAB / Simulink et vérifient la faisabilité de la stratégie de gestion proposée. Cette stratégie présente de bonnes performances en garantissant un contrôle précis. Par ailleurs, les algorithmes d'optimisation de délestage et de la restauration des EVs (SROA) pour la recharge de la puissance de la batterie peuvent être utilisés pour répondre aux besoins des utilisateurs. Aussi les algorithmes SROA maintiennent l'équilibre de la puissance de la station de recharge des EVs. Les algorithmes SROA prennent en compte l'intermittence de la source photovoltaïque (PV), la limitation de capacité du stockage et la limitation de puissance du réseau public. En comparant les résultats de la simulation aux algorithmes basés sur les règles, les algorithmes SROA proposés respectent le choix de l'utilisateur, réduisent le temps de charge total, augmentent le plein débit et maximisent l'utilisation de la puissance disponible. Les résultats de la simulation montrent la faisabilité et l'efficacité des algorithmes SROA. En outre, une station de charge basée sur le PV pour les EVs peut participer à la résolution de certains problèmes liés au pic de puissance. D'autre part, la technologie de véhicule à réseau (V2G) est conçue et appliquée pour fournir des services auxiliaires au réseau pendant les périodes de pointe, et V2G considère la dualité de la batterie des EVs « charge et source ». Ainsi, un algorithme de recherche dynamique des pics et de vallées est proposé pour une station de recharge des EVs afin d'atténuer l'impact sur le réseau public. Cet algorithme réduit ainsi le coût énergétique du réseau public. Les résultats de la simulation démontrent bien l'efficacité de l'algorithme de recherche des pics et des vallées. L'algorithme peut garantir l'équilibre du réseau public, satisfaire la demande de charge des utilisateurs des EVs et, surtout, réduire le coût énergétique du réseau public The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) increases the power demand, which causes an extra burden on the public grid increasing the load fluctuations, therefore, hindering the high penetration of EVs. A real-time rule-based algorithm for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations empowered by a DC microgrid is proposed to deal with the uncertainties of EV users’ behaviour considering its arbitrary and random choices through the human-machine interface, meanwhile considering most of the users’ choices. The simulation results obtained under MATLAB/Simulink verify the feasibility of the proposed management strategy that presents a good performance in terms of precise control. In addition, EV shedding and restoration optimization algorithms (SROA) for battery charging power can be used to meet user needs while maintaining EV charging station power balance, taking into consideration the intermittency of the photovoltaic (PV) source, the capacity limitation of the storage, and the power limitation of the public grid. The simulation results show that compared with rule-based algorithm, the proposed SROA respect the user's choice while reducing total charging time, increasing the full rate, and maximizing the available power utilization, which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of SROA. Furthermore, a PV based charging station for EVs can participate to solve some peak power problems. On the other hand, vehicle to grid (V2G) technology is designed and applied to provide ancillary services grid during the peak periods, considering the duality of EV battery “load-source”. So, a dynamic searching peak and valley algorithm, based on energy management, is proposed for an EV charging station to mitigate the impact on the public grid, while reducing the energy cost of the public grid. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed searching peak and valley algorithm effectiveness, which can guarantee the balance of the public grid, meanwhile satisfy the charging demand of EV users, and most importantly, reduce the public grid energy cost

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Tan, Jingzi. "A Network Design Framework for Siting Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in an Urban Network with Demand Uncertainty." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293477.

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We consider a facility location problem with uncertainty flow customers' demands, which we refer to as stochastic flow capturing location allocation problem (SFCLAP). Potential applications include siting farmers' market, emergency shelters, convenience stores, advertising boards and so on. For this dissertation, electric vehicle charging stations siting with maximum accessibility at lowest cost would be studied. We start with placing charging stations under the assumptions of pre-determined demands and uniform candidate facilities. After this model fails to deal with different scenarios of customers' demands, a two stage flow capturing location allocation programming framework is constructed to incorporate demand uncertainty as SFCLAP. Several extensions are built for various situations, such as secondary coverage and viewing facility's capacity as variables. And then, more capacitated stochastic programming models are considered as systems optimal and user oriented optimal cases. Systems optimal models are introduced with variations which include outsourcing the overflow and alliance within the system. User oriented optimal models incorporate users' choices with system's objectives. After the introduction of various models, an approximation method for the boundary of the problem and also the exact solution method, the L-Shaped method, are presented. As the computation time in the user oriented case surges with the expansion of the network, scenario reduction method is introduced to get similar optimal results within a reasonable time. And then, several cases including testing with different number of scenarios and different sample generating methods are operated for model validation. In the last part, simulation method is operated on the authentic network of the state of Arizona to evaluate the performance of this proposed framework.

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de, Maio Pasquale. "Optimization analysis of secondlifebatteries integration in fastchargersfor electric vehicles inSpain." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226328.

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This project investigates the viability of using reconditioned batteries, which have lost part of their original capacity while powering electric vehicles (EVs), to minimize the expenses of fast-charging infrastructures under the three charging scenarios where fast-charging mode is likely to be needed the most. The analysis is conducted for the Spanish scenario and considers the retail electricity tariff that best suits the requirements of a FCS. The economic analysis is performed on an annual basis and is tackled with an optimization algorithm, formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and run on MATLAB. The expected lifetime of the ESS, being made of reused automotive cells, is estimated with a semi-empirical approach, using an iterative process and implemented in MATLAB. A sensitivity analysis is conducted on three input parameters that were identified to have a considerable impact on the system design and performance. Overall, results show that with current figures energy storage integration in FCSs is viable as it effectively reduces the infrastructure expenses in all scenarios. Peak-shaving is identified as the main source of cost savings while demand shifting is not effective at all. The latter is further discussed in the sensitivity analysis and some considerations are elaborated. The most profitable scenario for storage integration is the case of a fast-charger located in a urban environment while, surprisingly, the lowest cost savings are obtained in the highway case. The sensitivity analysis illustrates the impact and effects that electricity prices and specific cost of both the power converter and the second-life batteries produce on the optimal system design. Moreover, charging demand profiles are deeply analyzed and their main implications highlighted.

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Jochem, Patrick, Eckhard Szimba, and Melanie Reuter-Oppermann. "How many fast-charging stations do we need along European highways?" Elsevier, 2019. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72227.

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For a successful market take-up of plug-in electric vehicles, fast-charging stations along the highway network play a significant role. This paper provides results from a first study on estimating the minimum number of fast-charging stations along the European highway network of selected countries (i.e., France, Germany, the Benelux countries, Switzerland, Austria, Denmark, the Czech Republic, and Poland) and gives an estimate on their future profitability. The combination of a comprehensive dataset of passenger car trips in Europe and an efficient arc-cover-path-cover flow-refueling location model allows generating results for such a comprehensive transnational highway network for the first time. Besides the minimum number of required fast-charging stations which results from the applied flow-refueling location model (FRLM), an estimation of their profitability as well as some country-specific results are also identified. According to these results the operation of fast-charging stations along the highway will be attractive in 2030 because the number of customers per day and their willingness to pay for a charge is high compared to inner-city charging stations. Their location-specific workloads as well as revenues differ significantly and a careful selection of locations is decisive for their economic operation.

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Kandukuri, Yudhveer. "A Dynamic GIS Model for Optimum Location Identification of Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Charging Stations." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1384806074.

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Fekete, P. L. "An approach to potential evaluation of a contactless energy supply infrastructure for occasional recharging in production related, non-automated material handling." Thesis, Coventry University, 2017. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/ea965735-b09d-4ebb-9fc8-e2533bece313/1.

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Significant advances have been made in the research and development of electric vehicles (EV’s). Along with the major challenge of energy storage, being also addressed is the efficient design of system energy transfer and consumption. This has had the effect of fundamentally changing perspectives across the mobility and transportation sector. Applied predominantly to road-going vehicles, the industrial context of non-road Electric Vehicles (nrEV’s) and specifically the use of manned electric forklift trucks integrated within the production related materials handling system has, to-date, received far less attention. The overarching aim of this research is to examine the impact and potential for the use of contactless occasional recharging of nrEV’s integrated within a manufacturing line, recognising the need to balance the (sometimes competing) demands of delivering sustainable production while exercising environmental responsibility. Meeting the objectives of this research resulted in the development of a location allocation model for electric charging station determination based on a fundamental understanding of the nature and quality of process inherent key performance indicators (KPI’s) as well as comprehensive process and energy monitoring while considering both Lean and Green Management perspectives. The integration of the generated knowledge and information into a generally valid simulation tool for occasional charging system implementation allows to more thoroughly investigate the impact from occasional charging to overall efficiency and sustainability to be realised. An investigation into relevant literature identified the need for specifically generated energy consumption data and confirmed the need for an energy optimisation model specific to the area of production related materials handling. Empirical data collected from repeated standardised materials handling operations within a selected production related materials handling environment resulted in the development of the Standard Energy Consumption Activity tool (SECA). Further work within this pilot study confirmed the tool as capable of generating reliable and valid data and confirmed the SECA tool as a generally applicable benchmark for energy consumption determination in material handling based on fractional process functions. Integrating this approach into a comprehensive process analysis and charging infrastructure optimisation resulted in the development of an Excel-based simulation model. The (Occasional Charging Station Location Model) OCSLM is based upon Maximal Covering Location Modelling and an endogenous covering distance definition in order to simulate process related potentials and optimal charging system implementation allocations, the target being to increase vehicles usable battery energy. A comprehensive case study based upon six individual and one combined data set confirmed the general and wider applicability of the OCSLM model while the application of the model provides a set of novel results. The application demonstrated a theoretical increase in usable battery energy of between 40% and 60% and within the same case study the impact of technology implementation identified that a reduction in battery and system cost of between 5% and 45% can be realised. However, the use of contactless power transfer resulted in an increase in CO2 emissions of up to 6.89% revealing a negative impact to overall ecology from the use of this energy transfer system. Depending on the availability of fast connecting, contact based energy transmission systems, the approach and results of OCSLM have shown to be directly applicable to contact based systems with resulting CO2 emissions decreasing by 0.94% at an energy transfer efficiency of 96%. Further novelty, of benefit to both academic and industry practice, was realised through the framework and information of the research with the provision of SECA as a process function-based and generally applicable energy consumption standard, OCSLM as a Maximal Covering Location Modell with a focus on occasional charging based on an endogenous covering distance and integrating detailed energy and process monitoring into electric charging station allocation, and the methodology for the application of this approach for fast connecting contactless and contact charging models and cases.

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Hamilton, Christopher. "Control strategy for maximizing power conversion efficiency and effectiveness of three port solar charging station for electric vehicles." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4548.

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Recent trends in the energy sector have provided opportunities in the research of alternative energy sources and optimization of systems that harness these energy sources. With the rising cost of fossil fuel and rising concern about detrimental effects that fossil fuel consumption has on the environment, electric vehicles are becoming more prevalent. A study put out in 2009 gives a prediction that in the year 2025, 20% of new vehicles will be PHEVs. As energy providers become more concerned about a growing population and diminishing energy source, they are looking into alternative energy sources such as wind and solar power. Much of this is done on a large scale with vast amounts of land used for solar or wind farms to provide energy to the grid. However, as population grows, requirements of the physical components of a power transmission system will become more demanding and the need for remote micro-grids will become more prevalent. Micro-grids are essentially smaller subsystems of a distribution system that provide power to a confined group of loads, or households. Using the idea of micro grid technology, a solar charging station can be used as a source to provide energy for the immediate surroundings, or also to electric vehicles that are demanding energy from the panels. Solar charging stations are becoming very popular, however the need for improvement and optimization of these systems is needed. This thesis will present a method for redesigning the overall architecture of the controls and power electronics of typical carports so that efficiency, reliability and modularity are achieved. Specifically, a typical carport, as seen commonly today, has been built on the University of Central Florida campus in Orlando. This carport was designed in such a way that shifting from conventional charging methods is made easy while preserving the fundamental requirements of a practical solar carport. ID: 029050761; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.E.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-98). M.S.E.E. Masters Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Engineering and Computer Science

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Zimmerman, Nicole P. "Time-Variant Load Models of Electric Vehicle Chargers." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2297.

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In power distribution system planning, it is essential to understand the impacts that electric vehicles (EVs), and the non-linear, time-variant loading profiles associated with their charging units, may have on power distribution networks. This research presents a design methodology for the creation of both analytical and behavioral models for EV charging units within a VHDL-AMS simulation environment. Voltage and current data collected from Electric Avenue, located on the Portland State University campus, were used to create harmonic profiles of the EV charging units at the site. From these profiles, generalized models for both single-phase (Level 2) and three-phase (Level 3) EV chargers were created. Further, these models were validated within a larger system context utilizing the IEEE 13-bus distribution test feeder system. Results from the model's validation are presented for various charger and power system configurations. Finally, an online tool that was created for use by distribution system designers is presented. This tool can aid designers in assessing the impacts that EV chargers have on electrical assets, and assist with the appropriate selection of transformers, conductor ampacities, and protection equipment & settings.

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Badawy, Mohamed O. "Grid Tied PV/Battery System Architecture and Power Management for Fast Electric Vehicles Charging." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468858915.

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Thorsell, Gustav. "Electric Vehicles & Fuel Retailers : Challenges with the Provision of Fast Charging in Swedish Fuel Stations." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278885.

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Battery-Electric Vehicles (BEVs) are gaining increasing momentum and their adoption is projected to continue at a rapid pace. In contrast to the predominate vehicle type, Internal-Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs), the BEVs rely on electricity rather than conventional fuels for propulsion. For the fuel retailers, the actors managing fuel stations and supply fuel to vehicle users, the shift towards BEVs may impose a demand decline for their core product. One way of mitigating the effects of this transition for fuel retailers, has been attributed to the provision of charging for electric vehicles in fuel stations, something that is offered to a limited extent by a few fuel retailers in Sweden today. The purpose of this study has been to explore the main challenges associated with the provision of fast charging in Swedish fuel stations. Anchored in a study of the four largest fuel retailers in Sweden, the findings suggest that the provision of fast charging is subject to financial challenges in terms of long investments horizons, with the associated investment risk being negatively influenced by uncertainties of technology development, future price levels for fast charging and future utilization rates of the chargers. Furthermore, with the lack of direct financial incentives of charging sales in the short-term, other motives have been observed for the provision of fast charging, namely goodwill and traffic building. The prevalence of different types of fuel retail formats have been shown to influence the extent of which benefits can be claimed from fast charging provision, and that this is manifested in a bias towards certain formats and locations for the choice of fuel stations to provide fast charging in. Challenges have also been identified in the sense of fulfillment of necessary preconditions to facilitate a business model suitable for fast charging provision. The study concludes that the main challenges revolve around the attainment of a financially sustainable business case for fast chargers. Elfordon blir allt mer populära och utvecklingen förväntas försätta i hög takt. I kontrast med den vanligast förekommande motortekniken för vägfordon, förbränningsmotorn, så använder elfordon just el istället för konventionella bränslen för framdrift. För drivmedelsbolagen, de aktörer som ansvarar för drivmedelstationer och tillhandhåller drivmedel till fordonsanvändare, kan en övergång mot elfordon innebära en minskad efterfrågan på deras kärnprodukt. Ett sätt att hantera konsekvenserna av en minskad efterfrågan på drivmedel, har tillskrivits tillhandahållandet av laddning för elfordon på drivmedelsstationerna, ett erbjudande som idag tillhandahålls av ett fåtal drivmedelsbolag på ett begränsat antal stationer i Sverige. Syftet med den här studien har varit att undersöka de huvudsakliga utmaningarna med tillhandhållandet av snabbladdning på drivmedelsstationer i Sverige. Baserat på en studie av de fyra största drivmedelsbolagen i Sverige, pekar resultaten på att tillhandahållandet av snabbladdning medför stora finansiella utmaningar. Detta innefattar långa investeringshorisonter, med en investeringsrisk som påverkas negativt av osäkerheter kring teknikutveckling, framtida prisnivåer för snabbladdning och framtida användningsgrad av snabbladdare. Med en avsaknad av direkt kortsiktig finansiell vinning från försäljning av snabbladdning, så har det framgått att det finns andra motiv för tillhandahållandet av snabbladdning, det handlar då om kundflöde och goodwill. Förekomsten av olika stationsformat för drivmedelsförsäljning har visat sig påverka till vilken grad skapat värde från snabbladdningserbjudandet kan tillgodoses, och att det har påverkat val av stationsformat och plats för tillhandahållandet av snabbladdning. Ytterligare utmaningar har identifierats gällande att skapa nödvändiga förutsättningarna för att möjliggöra en affärsmodell anpassad för snabbladdning. En slutsats har dragits att de huvudsakliga utmaningarna med tillhandahållandet av snabbladdning handlar om att uppnå en finansiellt hållbar affär.

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Daniali, Iran. "The Initial Deployment of Electric Vehicle Service Equipment : Case study: Green Highway Region, E14 from Sundsvall in Sweden to Trondheim in Norway." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-24098.

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Abstract Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered a more sustainable alternative vehicle because of their efficient electric motor when compared to internal combustion engines (ICE), and thus help to mitigate environmental problems and reduce fossil fuel dependency. In or-der to support drivers of plug-in hybrid electrical vehicles (PEVs), the installation and adequate distribution of Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE) is a major factor. The availability of EVSE is a vital requirement in order to charge the vehicle’s battery pack through connection to the electricity grid. This thesis evaluates the likely distribu-tion of a sufficient number of charging stations, measured as the demand of EVSE, for initial deployment in the E14 highway. This highway is also known as the Green High-way region, where a plan has been outlined with the aim to create a fleet of 15% EVs in the area by 2020.In order to model EVSE distribution, the first step was to complete a survey in 2012 on the population density and location of cities, along with the location of already estab-lished charging station locations on the Green Highway. The survey was done with ge-ography information survey (GIS) software. The second step was to create a map of the region. Based on the map, the initial estimate of EVSE locations on the Green Highway project plan was analyzed, as the third step. This was used as an initial analysis. The forth step was to use the location of current gasoline stations to provide as alternative pattern for the EVSE sites.It was observed that the network of gasoline stations correlates positively with population density. Through using these stations, the optimal location of the EVSEs was proposed. However, the model results do not provide for sufficient placement of EVSE sites where the population density is very low. In order to assess the different potential options, it was necessary to create analytical models in Arc-GIS, in which buffer zones were created with a variable size of 10, 15, 20 and 31 miles. This permitted allocation of a geographical area to estimate the optimum sites for charging stations. The resultsiiishowed that for a buffer zone of 10 miles, 28 charging stations were calculated, using buffer zone of 15 miles gives 18 stations, and a buffer zone of 20 miles results in 13 charging station sites. Notably, the estimate of the 20-mile buffer zone gives the same results as for the 50 km (31 miles) buffer zone for residential areas along E14. Therefore, the results show that the optimal design is to deploy 14 fast charging stations with three-phase DC, or 14 fast charging stations with three-phase AC, installed adjacent to the E14 road.

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Andreasson, Erik, and Amanda Axelsson. "Comparing technologies and algorithms behind mapping and routing APIs for Electric Vehicles." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50019.

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The fast-developing industry of electric vehicles is growing, and so is the driver community, which puts pressure on the electric charging grid. The purpose of this thesis is to simplify for the drivers of electric cars to charge their cars during trips. The research questions investigated are” How do the technologies and algorithms behind navigation APIs differ from each other?” and “What information is provided by the charging station APIs and how do they collect data about new stations?”. Information for the thesis was collected by reading and analyzing both documentation and previous work, as well as by conducting experiments. The study was limited to purely electric vehicles. We created an application to conduct experiments on the API combination Mapbox and Open Charge Map, we call it ChargeX. We compare, TomTom, Tesla, Plugshare, Google Maps and ChargeX. The most common shortest-path algorithms are Dijkstra’s, A* and Bidirectional A*. They provide reasonable solutions to the shortest path problem. The algorithms can be improved by considering traffic flow, travel time and distance between origin and destination and apply it as weights on the edges. What has the largest impact on the final route is the choice of charging stations. The algorithm for picking charging stations can be optimized in several ways for example by considering real time availability information of the charging stations, prioritize highways, calculate the temperature and altitude impact on the battery or prioritize faster chargers such as superchargers for Tesla.

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Pavlíček, Karel. "Strategická analýza." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199562.

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The goal of this master thesis is execution of a strategy analysis. The subject of this analysis is electro-mobility i.e. products and services related to electric vehicles in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the paper is focused on approaches used for analyses of both external factors and forces affecting particular industry. The former is mainly focused on technology, regulations and incentives. The latter analysis is based on five forces supplemented by the role of complements. Actual status of the technology an analysed product is assessed by SWOT analyses. In the conclusion, final recommendations based on overall findings are stated.

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Oulad-Abbou, Driss. "Contribution à la recharge solaire de véhicules électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0003.

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Le travail présenté dans cette thèse porte sur la conception des solutions de recharge à base d'énergie solaire pour des véhicules électriques. Les présents travaux ont pour but de concevoir et de réaliser des prototypes de station de recharge de véhicule électrique ainsi que de proposer des outils d'optimisation de fonctionnement de ces stations de recharge. Tout d'abord, nous avons présenté la méthode suivie pour la conception et la réalisation d'une station de recharge solaire mobile autonome. Ensuite, nous avons présenté une étude expérimentale de la station de recharge PV 16kWc. Cette étude expérimentale est étalée sur la période du Janvier - Août 2019. L'analyse des résultats de cette étude expérimentale permet de déduire que la station réalisée permet de produire une énergie de l'ordre de 10.8MWh par ans et permet d'éviter des émissions CO2 de l'ordre de 4.8 tonnes par ans. Nous avons aussi étudié la topologie de station de recharge avec bus bipolaire. Puisque les convertisseurs DC/DC trois-niveaux sont la partie la plus intéressante de cette topologie, nous avons détaillé la méthode suivie pour élaborer un modèle moyen petits-signaux. Ensuite, une analyse du contrôle d'équilibrage du bus bipolaire permet d'identifier la meilleure option à choisir pour garantir l'équilibrage du bus, ainsi qu'une nouvelle méthode d'équilibrage ont été présentées, cette dernière offre la possibilité d'équilibrage sans ajout de capteurs comme dans la méthode classique. Enfin, le principe de fonctionnement de l'unité de gestion d'énergie proposée pour cette topologie est présenté. Cette dernière à été évaluée en simulations This thesis focuses on the design of solar-based charging solutions for electric vehicles. The purpose of this work is to design and produce prototypes of electric vehicle charging stations and to propose tools to optimize the operation of these charging stations. First of all, we presented the followed method for the design and construction of a stand-alone mobile solar charging station. Then we presented the conception of solar charging station of 16kWc. An experimental study is performed over the period of January - August 2019. The results analysis of this experimental study showed that the produced energy is of the order of 10.8MWh per year and avoids CO2 emissions of 4.8 tonnes per year. About 50 electric cars per months could be charged by solar energy. We also studied a topology of charging station with bipolar DC bus. Since the three-level DC/DC converters are the most important elements of this topology, we have detailed the followed method for small-signal modelling of these converters. Then, an analysis of the voltage balance control of the bipolar bus was carried out to identify the best option to choose to guarantee the balance of the bus and a new balancing method were presented. This last method offers the possibility of balancing the DC bus without adding extra sensors sensors as in the classical method. Finally, the operating principle of the energy management unit proposed for this topology is presented and evaluated in simulations

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Löfgren, Louise. "Elbilsladdnings påverkan på elnätet : Simuleringar av Gävles lokala elnät med olika laddningsmönster." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36846.

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Transportsektorn står inför en omställning från förbränningsfordon till eldrivna fordon. Detta är en åtgärd för att minska koldioxidutsläppet inom transportsektorn och därmed reducera klimatpåverkan. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur en ökad effektanvändning i form av elbilsladdning påverkar Gävles lokala elnät samt hur olika laddtekniker påverkar elnätet. Bakgrunden till studien grundar sig att elnätsföretaget vill öka medvetenheten om hur elnätets beredskap ser ut för en ökad elbilsladdning. Att undersöka elbilsladdningens påverkan på elnätet är av stor nytta för elnätsföretaget, men även andra som undersöker elbilsladdnings påverkan i elnätet kan ha användning för studien. Ämnet elbilsladdning är mycket aktuellt och många studier undersöker olika delar som berör elbilsladdning. Tidigare studier undersöker även olika typer av laddtekniker och hur smart laddning minska påverkan i elnätet. Smart laddning kan anpassa elbilsladdningen genom att styra den efter olika styrsignaler och sammankoppla hela elnätet. Denna studie undersöker delar av Gävles lokala elnät genom att simulera befintliga mätvärden lågspänningsnätet samt olika typer av elbilsladdning. Studien analyserar effektanvändningen av befintliga mätdata samt belastningsström och spänningsfall i elnätet med varierande lastprofiler i fyra olika områden. Resultatet för denna studie visar att elbilsladdning påverkar elnätet, vilket beror på vilken typ av laddteknik som används samt dimensioneringen av elnätet. Studien visar att elanvändningen i området idag har effekttoppar på eftermiddag och kväll när kunderna består av villakunder men att effekttoppen kan vara mitt på dagen där det finns industrier. Med elbilsladdning ökar belastningen samt spänningsfallet i nätet och en del av säkringarna i nätet löser ut. Laddning med 11 kW mellan kl. 16:00-19:00 samt laddning med effektvakt på 13,8 kW ger störst belastning och spänningsfall. Laddning utan styrning är den laddteknik som påverkar elnätet mest men laddning med effektvakt orsakar också problem. Laddning med 5,5 kW mellan kl. 23:00-06:00 samt när endast 50% av alla kunder laddar med 11 kW mellan kl. 16:00-19:00 är de scenarion som påverkar elnätet minst. Laddning med en låg effekt under natten när grundlasten är som lägst är den laddteknik som är mest gynnsam för elnätet. Studien visar även att nätet klarar en högre belastning av elbilsladdning inom en snar framtid om endast en del av kunderna i nätet använder elfordon. The transport sector is facing a transition from combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles. Through this action the carbon dioxide emissions in the transport sector can be reduced. The purpose of this study is to observe how an increased power use from electric vehicle charging (EVC) affects the local electricity grid in Gävle. The study also addresses how different charging techniques affect the electricity grid. The background of this study is to the increase awareness of the capacity of the electricity grid. There is a need from the electricity grid company to look over the impact on the grid from EVC. This could also be useful for others looking over the impact on the electricity grid from EVC. This is a hot topic and lots of other studies look over the different aspects of EVC. Previous studies also examine different types of charging techniques and how smart charging reduces the negative impact on the electricity grid. Smart charging is a way to adjust the EVC by regulating it after different parameters and connecting the entire electrical grid. This study simulates existing measured values of the low-voltage grid in Gävle and various types of EVC. This study examines the power use of existing measurement data as well as load current and voltage drops in the electricity grid with different load profiles in four different areas. Results from this study shot that EVC affects the electricity grid, to what extent depends on the type of charging technology used and the dimensions of the electricity grid. The study shows that electricity use in the area has power peaks in the afternoon and evening with residential customers, but power peaks tend to be in the middle of the day if there are industries in the area. EVC increase the load on the electricity grid, causes voltage drops and a few fuses in the grid to be triggered. Charging with 11 kW between 16:00-19:00 and charging with a power monitor of 13.8 kW create the greatest voltage drops and highest load on the grid. Charging without means of control affects the electricity grid the most but charging with a power monitor also creates problems. Charging with 5.5 kW between 23:00-06:00 as well as when only 50 % of all customers charge with 11 kW between 16:00-19:00 impacts the grid the least. Charging with low power during the night when the base load is at its lowest is the charging technology that is most favorable for the electricity grid. Results also show that the grid can handle a higher load of EVC in the near future if only some of the customers in the network start using electric vehicles.

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Tulpule, Pinak J. "Control and optimization of energy flow in hybrid large scale systems - A microgrid for photovoltaic based PEV charging station." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313522717.

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Ekström, Amelie, and Jessica Wänlund. "Nätanslutning av en framtida elväg : En kartläggning av anslutningsmöjligheter för E4an mellan Gävle och Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-439941.

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The transport sector accounts for a third of Sweden’s total greenhouse gas emissions where cars and heavy trucks dominate the use of fossil fuels. The Swedish government is now intensifying the work for an electrified transport sector where electric roads could be an important part. Electric roads enable heavy vehicles to charge their batteries while driving, which is expected to contribute to environmentally friendly and time-efficient freight transports. To implement electric roads, availability of electric power along the electric roads will be required. This study presents a plan for connecting an electric road to the electricity grid in the electricity network area of Vattenfall Eldistribution. From the results, the idea was to present general conclusions from the experiences of the study, that could contribute in further implementation of electric roads. The road that has been selected for the study was the E4 between Gävle and Stockholm. A model for calculating the power demand along the electric road has been modeled and connection possibilities to transformer stations has been investigated. The analysis was based on three scenarios where different degrees of strengthening of the existing electricity network were assumed. In addition, a forecast for 2030 and a cost estimation for each scenario has been carried out. The result of the study indicates that for road sections close to larger cities, there are a larger number of connection options in comparison to rural areas. Furthermore, the designed solution in the study required strengthening of the electricity grid and the investment cost was 362 million Swedish crowns.

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Wänlund, Jessica, and Amelie Ekström. "Nätanslutning av en framtida elväg : En kartläggning av anslutningsmöjligheter för E4an mellan Gävle och Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-439942.

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The transport sector accounts for a third of Sweden’s total greenhouse gas emissions where cars and heavy trucks dominate the use of fossil fuels. The Swedish government is now intensifying the work for an electrified transport sector where electric roads could be an important part. Electric roads enable heavy vehicles to charge their batteries while driving, which is expected to contribute to environmentally friendly and time-efficient freight transports. To implement electric roads, availability of electric power along the electric roads will be required. This study presents a plan for connecting an electric road to the electricity grid in the electricity network area of Vattenfall Eldistribution. From the results, the idea was to present general conclusions from the experiences of the study, that could contribute in further implementation of electric roads. The road that has been selected for the study was the E4 between Gävle and Stockholm. A model for calculating the power demand along the electric road has been modeled and connection possibilities to transformer stations has been investigated. The analysis was based on three scenarios where different degrees of strengthening of the existing electricity network were assumed. In addition, a forecast for 2030 and a cost estimation for each scenario has been carried out. The result of the study indicates that for road sections close to larger cities, there are a larger number of connection options in comparison to rural areas. Furthermore, the designed solution in the study required strengthening of the electricity grid and the investment cost was 362 million Swedish crowns.

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Miškovský, Ján. "Koncept rychlonabíjecí stanice pro elektromobily s akumulací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316882.

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Main purpose of the thesis is the creation of a concept a fast-charging station associated with accumulation that uses renewable source. The introduction of the thesis describes a standard that specifies the charge of electric vehicles using direct and alternating current as well. It depicts an overview of using charging connectors. The first part also deals with overview of the technology of renewable sources and exploitation energy storage system for charging station. The second part introduces the theoretical basement for mathematical model of the charging station in Matlab/Simulink. The function of model station is verified by a physical laboratory model. For options verification of the connection station to the distribution net is created simulation of voltage losses in Matlab/Simulink. The thesis shows four 24 hours’ scenarios that have been simulated. According to the assumptions of simulation, the technology of station and connecting component is suggested. Next is the designed energy and financial analysis of the project charging station until 2030.

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Ghosh, Nilanshu. "Techno-economic analysis of retrofitting existing fuel stations with DC fast chargers along with solar PV and energy storage with load flow analysis." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284460.

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The increasing number of electric vehicles (EVs) in the transport sector has rendered the conventional fuel-based vehicles obsolete along with the fuel filling stations. With the growth in EVs, there has been an increase in the public charging infrastructure with fast charging equipment being used to charge the EVs in least possible time and also address the issue of ‘range anxiety’ among the EV owners. Many countries like South Korea and Germany has seen policies being implemented to install fast chargers for EVs in existing fuel filling stations. This study aims conduct a techno-economic feasibility to analyse the potential of implementing Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) with fast charging capacity into existing fuel filling stations. The potential of using solar photovoltaic system (PV) and battery storage systems (BESS) to reduce the load from the grid is also explored. Scenarios are developed considering different configurations of the EVSE, PV and BESS and an in-depth economic analysis is conducted to analyse the economic feasibility of the configurations. The impact on the electricity grid is also analysed in this thesis by conducting a load flow analysis on the CIGRE Low voltage network for Europe using Python.The proposed design enables selection of techno-economically feasible configurations of EVSE, BESS and PV. The results of the design are explained with the UK as a case study. It is observed that the configurations with 3 EVSE, BESS and 8 hours and the configuration with 3 EVSE, 1 BESS and 1 PV system for 8 hours of operation are economically viable. The proposed design shows that though the connection cost is the dominant factor affecting the feasibility, use of BESS with or without PV can reduce the connection cost by almost 90% depending on the number of BESS. Load flow analysis is conducted for the different configurations of EVSE, BESS and PV on the CIGRE LV network on Pandapower in Python. The results indicate that the existing network needs to be reinforced to facilitate the connection of EV fast chargers into the grid. Upgrading the network cables and increasing the slack voltage to a value of 1.05 or 1.1 Volts per unit, are the two strategies that have been suggested in this study to prevent any undervoltage that may occur as a result of connecting the EVSE to the electricity grid. The simulations conducted for the two strategies highlight that by implementing these strategies into the electricity grid network, the undervoltage issues in the transmission network can be mitigated. Det ökande antalet elfordon inom transportsektorn har gjort de konventionella bränslebaserade fordonen föråldrade tillsammans med bränslepåfyllningsstationerna. Med ökningen av elbilar har det skett en ökning av den offentliga laddningsinfrastrukturen med snabbladdningsutrustning som används för att ladda elbilarna på åtminstone möjlig tid och också ta itu med frågan om ’range anxiety’ bland elägare. Många länder som Sydkorea och Tyskland har sett politik införas för att installera snabbladdare för elbilar i befintliga bensinstationer. Denna studie syftar till att genomföra en teknisk-ekonomisk genomförbarhet för att analysera potentialen för att implementera elfordonstillförselutrustning (EVSE) med snabb laddningskapacitet i befintliga bensinstationer. Potentialen med att använda solcellssystem (PV) och batterilagringssystem (BESS) för att minska belastningen från nätet undersöks också. Scenarier utvecklas med beaktande av olika konfigurationer av EVSE, PV och BESS och en djupgående ekonomisk analys genomförs för att analysera konfigurationernas ekonomiska genomförbarhet. Effekten på elnätet analyseras också i denna avhandling genom att genomföra en belastningsflödesanalys på CIGRE lågspänningsnät för Europa med Python.Den föreslagna designen möjliggör val av tekno-ekonomiskt genomförbara konfigurationer av EVSE, BESS och PV. Resultaten av designen förklaras med Storbritannien som en fallstudie. Det observeras att konfigurationerna med 3 EVSE, BESS och 8 timmar och konfigurationen med 3 EVSE, 1 BESS och 1 PV-system för 8 timmars drift är ekonomiskt lönsamma. Den föreslagna designen visar att även om anslutningskostnaden är den dominerande faktorn som påverkar genomförbarheten, kan användning av BESS med eller utan solceller minska anslutningskostnaden med nästan 90% beroende på antalet BESS. Lastflödesanalys utförs för de olika konfigurationerna av EVSE, BESS och PV på CIGRE LV-nätverket på Pandapower i Python. Resultaten visar att det befintliga nätverket måste förstärkas för att underlätta anslutningen av EV-snabbladdare till nätet. Uppgradering av nätverkskablarna och ökning av spänningen till 1,05 eller 1,1 volt per enhet är de två strategier som har föreslagits i denna studie för att förhindra underspänning som kan uppstå till följd av att EVSE ansluts till elnätet. Simuleringarna för de två strategierna lyfter fram att genom att implementera dessa strategier i elnätet kan underspänningsfrågorna i överföringsnätet mildras.

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Al-Tubuly, Abdulnasir. "Roaming Interoperability for Electric Vehicle Charging Networks." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35157.

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the maturity and the performance of the currently available roaming solutions that provide interoperability and roaming services to Electrical Vehicle Charging Networks. At least three different entities are involved in an Electrical Vehicle (EV) charging roaming scenario, namely the EV, the home charging network and the visited charging network. All of these entities have to interface and interact with each other on the physical and the communication protocols level. The Open Clearing House Protocol (OCHP) roaming protocol is implemented and its performance is evaluated against the e-Clearing.net test platform. The protocol functionality for billing and its suitability for different scenarios is also evaluated. Furthermore, an extension to the protocol is proposed to support prepaid subscription, and its performance is also estimated. The findings of this study have verified the performance and the maturity of the OCHP protocol, and strongly recommends the implementation of roaming protocols and clearing houses. The estimated performance of the proposed extension confirmed that both prepaid and postpaid billing can be realized using the tested roaming protocol and clearing house implementations.

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Daina, Nicolo. "Modelling electric vehicle use and charging behaviour." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25018.

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This thesis explores the role of consumers' choices into the integration of mobility and power systems. It will contribute to the wider literature of electric vehicles-power systems integration by explicitly accounting for consumers' preferences in shaping charging demand. This objective is achieved by developing a methodology to investigate electric vehicles (EV) charging choices in technological scenarios that enable smart charging operations. A modelling framework for the joint analysis of EV charging and activity-travel behaviour is introduced. This is based on an extension of traditional activity scheduling models that embeds the charging choice dimensions: namely the available energy after charging (that is related to the driving range) and the charging duration (defined here as the time elapsed from arrival at a charging facility until the desired battery level is achieved). This framework accommodates the interaction between charging behaviour and travel/activity behaviour, and allows us to capture the potential effects of charging service pricing and charging demand management policies on charging choices as well as along the timing dimension of travel/activity choices. A stated response survey instrument for estimating a tour-based operational version of the model is developed. Results from this empirical study provide insights into the value placed by individuals on the main attributes of the charging choice. The trade-offs between target battery levels and schedule delays potentially induced by long durations of the charging operation are also analysed. The model is then implemented into a micro-simulation framework to demonstrate the model applicability for modelling electric vehicle charging demand. The specific application shows the compatibility of charging choices under various electricity pricing scenarios with electric vehicle load flexibility - an essential requirement to enable smart charging operations.

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Shaikh, Palwasha Waheed. "Intelligent Infrastructures for Charging Reservation and Trip Planning of Connected Autonomous Electric Vehicles." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42735.

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For an environmentally sustainable future, electric vehicle (EV) adoption rates have been growing exponentially around the world. There is a pressing need for constructing smart charging infrastructures that can successfully integrate the large influx of connected and autonomous EVs (CAEVs) into the smart grids. To fulfill the aspiration of massive deployment of autonomous mobility on demand (AMoD) services, the proposed fast and secure framework will need to address the long charging times and long waiting times of static charging. It will also need to consider dynamic wireless charging as a viable solution for the CAEVs on the move. In this thesis, a novel three-layer charging system design of static and dynamic wireless charging that can operate with the existing wired charging infrastructure and standards for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is presented. This internet of things (IoT) application is accompanied by a proposed handshake protocol with light-weight request message frames. It employs vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle to grid (V2G) communications for fulfilling charging requests of CAEVs with the shortest possible route to the destination. The charging requests of the CAEV users are fulfilled by dynamically distributing the request over the three different types of charging equipment. Further, the requests are serviced and billed privately and securely using two different proposed payment schemes with the encrypted virtual currency. The hardware independent system can detect misalignment of the CAEVs on the wireless charging pads and the speed issue errors in dynamic wireless charging systems as well as avoid free-riders. Additionally, the proposed dynamic wireless charging network (DWCN) design specification tool is analyzed. The suggestions made by the tool for building a DWCN can enable implementers to achieve the desired charging delivery performance at the lowest cost possible. Finally, the presented system is simulated, and this verified and validated simulator is revealed to make reservations and plan trips with minimum waiting times, travel costs, and battery consumption per vehicle trip. The system results proved 90.25% charge delivery efficiency. This system is then compared with alternative system designs to help showcase its ability to aid implementers and analysts in making design choices with the simulation.

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Daina, Nicolò, Aruna Sivakumar, and John W. Polak. "Electric vehicle charging choices: Modelling and implications for smart charging services." Elsevier, 2017. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72813.

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The rollout of electric vehicles (EV) occurring in parallel with the decarbonisation of the power sector can bring uncontested environmental benefits, in terms of CO2 emission reduction and air quality. This roll out, however, poses challenges to power systems, as additional power demand is injected in context of increasingly volatile supply from renewable energy sources. Smart EV charging services can provide a solution to such challenges. The development of effective smart charging services requires evaluating pre-emptively EV drivers’ response. The current practice in the appraisal of smart charging strategies largely relies on simplistic or theoretical representation of drivers’ charging and travel behaviour. We propose a random utility model for joint EV drivers’ activity-travel scheduling and charging choices. Our model easily integrates in activity-based demand modelling systems for the analyses of integrated transport and energy systems. However, unlike previous charging behaviour models used in integrated transport and energy system analyses, our model empirically captures the behavioural nuances of tactical charging choices in smart grid context, using empirically estimated charging preferences. We present model estimation results that provide insights into the value placed by individuals on the main attributes of the charging choice and draw implications charging service providers

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Mou, Xiaolin. "Wireless power transfer technology for electric vehicle charging." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12416/.

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In the years 1884-1889, after Nicola Tesla invented "Tesla Coil", wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is in front of the world. WPT technologies can be categorized into three groups: inductive based WPT, magnetic resonate coupling (MRC) based WPT and electromagnetic radiation based WPT. MRC-WPT is advantageous with respect to its high safety and long transmission distance. Thus it plays an important role in the design of wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. The most significant drawback of all WPT systems is the low efficiency of the energy transferred. Most losses happen during the transfer from coil to coil. This thesis proposes a novel coil design and adaptive hardware to improve power transfer efficiency (PTE) in magnetic resonant coupling WPT and mitigate coil misalignment, a crucial roadblock to the acceptance of WPT for EV. In addition, I do some analysis of multiple segmented transmitters design for dynamic wireless EVs charging and propose an adaptive renewable (wind) energy-powered dynamic wireless charging system for EV.

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Jhala, Kumarsinh. "Coordinated electric vehicle charging with renewable energy sources." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19767.

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Master of Science Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Balasubramaniam Natarajan Anil Pahwa Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their low operating costs and environmentally friendly operation. However, the anticipated increase of EV usage and increased use of renewable energy sources and smart storage devices for EV charging presents opportunities as well as challenges. Time-varying electricity pricing and day-ahead power commitment adds another dimension to this problem. This thesis, describes development of coordinated EV charging strategies for renewable energy-powered charging stations at homes and parking lots. We develop an optimal control theory-based charging strategy that minimizes power drawn from the electricity grid while utilizing maximum energy from renewable energy sources. Specifically, we derive a centralized iterative control approach in which charging rates of EVs are optimized one at a time. We also propose an algorithm that maximizes profits for parking lot operators by advantageously utilizing time-varying electricity pricing while satisfying system constraints. We propose a linear programming-based strategy for EV charging, and we specifically derive a centralized linear program that minimizes charging costs for parking lot operators while satisfying customer demand in available time. Then we model EV charging behavior of Active Consumers. We develop a real-time pricing scheme that results in favorable load profile for electric utility by influencing EV charging behavior of Active Consumers. We develop this pricing scheme as a game between electric utility and Active Consumers, in which the electric utilities decide optimal electricity prices that minimize peak-to-average load ratio and Active Consumers decide optimal charging strategy that minimizes EV charging costs for Active Consumers.

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Grau, Iñaki. "Management of electric vehicle battery charging in distribution networks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/48664/.

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This thesis investigated the management of electric vehicle battery charging in distribution networks. Different electric vehicle fleet sizes and network locations were considered. The energy storage capacity and backup generator’s energy requirements were calculated to achieve daily energy balance in a low voltage distribution network with micro-generation. The effect of the electric vehicle battery demand as controllable loads on the backup generator energy requirements was assessed. It was found that the use of electric vehicles as controllable loads reduced the energy requirements from the backup generator or made it unnecessary to achieve energy balance. Two control algorithms for the battery charging management of electric vehicles clustered in battery charging facilities were designed and developed. One algorithm calculates electric vehicle battery charging profiles for vehicles located in a parking space. Different charging policies were investigated, showing the ability of the control algorithm to define the electricity profile of the parking space according to network constraints and the policies’ objectives. The second algorithm calculates the number of batteries and chargers that are required to satisfy the battery demand of electric vehicle battery swapping stations. The impact of the number of chargers and batteries on the swapping station’s electricity load profile were evaluated. An agent-based control system was designed and developed for the battery charging management of electric vehicles dispersed in distribution networks. The electric vehicle battery charging schedules are calculated according to electricity prices and distribution network technical constraints. The real-time operation of the agent-based control system was demonstrated in the laboratory of TECNALIA’s research centre in Bilbao, Spain. A series of experiments showed the ability of the control system to operate and manage the electric vehicle battery charging when the distribution network is operated within its loading capacity and when the network technical limits are violated.

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Zenginis, Ioannis. "Optimal sizing and operation planning of microgrids and operation analysis of charging stations for electric vehicles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664711.

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Energy and transportation sectors are going through major changes as a result of technological advances, depletion of fossil fuels and climate change. With regard to the energy sector, the future smart grid is expected to be an interconnected network of small-scale and self-contained microgrids, in addition to a large-scale electric power backbone. By utilizing microsources, such as renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and vehicle-to-grid systems, microgrids target to satisfy the customers’ energy demands in a safe, reliable, economic and environmentally friendly way. With regard to the changes in the transportation sector, internal combustion engine vehicles are expected to be gradually replaced by electric vehicles, which are considered to be a promising solution for mitigating the impact of transportation sector on the environment. The presented thesis deals with two main topics; the first one refers to the optimal sizing and operation planning of microgrids comprising various urban building types, while the second one is related to the operation of fast charging stations for electric vehicles that are located in densely populated areas. The first objective of the thesis is to examine the effect of energy exchanges among interconnected buildings with diverse load profiles on the sizes of power equipment to be installed at the buildings. To this end, a mixed integer linear programming optimization framework is presented that determines the optimal capacities of photovoltaic panels, energy storage systems, and inverters, as well as the optimum management of the generated power. As a first step, the benefits of cooperation among buildings that are already interconnected through an existing point of common coupling is examined. The cooperation benefits are derived by comparing the buildings' costs when they participate in the microgrid with their costs when they operate as separate entities. As a second step, a different microgrid topology is proposed where energy exchanges take place through a common DC bus. In this way, neighboring buildings that are not already physically connected can be members of the same microgrid. Moreover, the optimization results for the new topology are obtained by using the Nash bargaining method, through which the benefits of cooperation are equally distributed among the participating members. Finally, the possible integration of new buildings in the existing microgrid at a later time point is also examined. The second objective of the thesis is to provide an accurate operation analysis of fast charging stations for electric vehicles. To this end, a novel queuing theory-based model is presented that classifies the various electric vehicles by their battery size. As a first step, it is analyzed a charging station that contains DC outlets, and the electric vehicles recharge their batteries up to the maximum possible level. The proposed model takes into account the arrival rates and state of charge of the electric vehicles' batteries when arriving at the station, in order to compute the maximum number of customers that can be served, subject to an upper bound for the waiting time in the queue. In addition, a charging strategy is proposed, which allows the charging station to serve more customers without any increase in the queue waiting time. As a second step, it is considered that the charging station can serve both DC and AC electric vehicle classes, while a more flexible way is adopted for denoting the customers' recharging patterns. Based on these additional novelties, the overall profit margin of the charging station operator, and the queue waiting times of the DC and AC classes are calculated under two different pricing policies.

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Cherchi, Paolo. "Dimensionamento di sistemi di accumulo per stazioni di ricarica rapida per autoveicoli elettrici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17184/.

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Con l’avvento della mobilità elettrica la civiltà odierna si prepara ad affrontare numerosi cambiamenti nel modo di spostarsi, utilizzare i veicoli e vivere le città. La necessità di elettrificare i trasporti deriva da un bisogno sempre maggiore di efficienza energetica e, al pari passo con lo sviluppo delle fonti di energia rinnovabili e delle reti di distribuzione intelligenti, di un modello di sviluppo sostenibile. Gli effetti benefici della svolta e-Mobility potrebbero mobilitare risorse e competenze, rafforzando la capacità di innovazione e stimolando la creazione di nuove filiere industriali e di servizio collegate direttamente e indirettamente. Tuttavia, nonostante questi vantaggi, la penetrazione massiva di veicoli elettrici richiede un indagine approfondita per valutare quale sarà l’impatto sul sistema elettrico dovuto alla diffusione delle stazioni di ricarica, e quali contromisure dovranno adottare gli operatori di sistema per garantirne l’affidabilità. La potenza richiesta dalle stazioni di ricarica per ricaricare più veicoli contemporaneamente potrebbe costituire un carico eccessivo per il sistema elettrico e in particolare a livello locale per la rete a cui è connessa la stazione, rendendo necessari investimenti al fine di potenziarne i componenti, o a livello di sistema, rendendo necessario un aumento della generazione in modo da coprire il carico nelle ore di punta. Lo scopo di questa tesi è lo sviluppo di una metodologia che consenta di dimensionare una stazione di ricarica rapida che sia in grado di assorbire una quantità di potenza limitata dalla rete, integrando un sistema di generazione da fotovoltaico e un sistema d’accumulo, e partendo dalla conoscenza dei dati di traffico e di irraggiamento dell’area in cui dev’essere installata la stazione. Tale metodologia può essere applicata nel caso in cui gli input siano modificati per renderli rispondenti ai casi diversi che si possono presentare nella realtà.

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Knutsen, Daniel, and Oscar Willén. "A study of electric vehicle charging patterns and range anxiety." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201099.

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Range anxiety is a relatively new concept which is defined as the fear of running out of power when driving an electric vehicle. To decrease range anxiety you can increase the battery size or decrease the minimum state of charge, the least amount of power that can be left in the battery, or to expand the available fast charging infrastructure. But is that economical feasible or even technically possible in today’s society? In this project we have used a theoretical model for estimating range anxiety and have simulated the average electricity consumption using two different kinds of electric vehicles, to see how often they reach range anxiety according to a specific definition of range anxiety implemented in this model. The simulations were performed for different scenarios in order to evaluate the effect of different parameters on range anxiety. The result that we got were that range anxiety can be decreased with bigger batteries but to get range anxiety just a few times a year you have to use battery sizes which aren’t economical feasible today. Despite the shortcomings of todays electric vehicles there are promising new and future technologies such as better batteries which might help alleviate range anxiety for electric vehicle owner. The conclusion from this study is that in the present fleet of electric vehicles is in need of more charging stations and faster charging to get by the problem with range anxiety and having a chance to compete with gasoline and diesel vehicles.

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Ekström, Amelie, Julia Waltersson, and Madelene Wahlund. "Electric vehicle charging in parking lots of multi-family houses." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352664.

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This bachelor thesis examines the possibility for electric vehicle charging in parking lots of multi-family houses. A case study is performed on two different housing areas located in Uppsala,Sweden. The capacity of the electric cables supplying the housing areas with power and the installation costs for the charging points is studied. The thesis is written in collaboration with Uppsalahem, which owns and maintains the housing areas. The areas have different parking possibilities. The investigated alternatives for charging are modifying internal combustion engine pre-heating stations to charging points and building new charging points. The investigation is performed using a model made in MATLAB. The results show that for the first housing area, Sala Hage, it is possible to supply the parking lots, 60 in total, belonging to the area with charging points with the power of 2.3 kW or 11 kW. For installing 22 kW chargers, the capacity of the cable is sufficient for only 30 parking lots. For the other housing area Kastanjen, the required capacity of the cable for installing charging points on the 60 parking lots in the garage is 106.6 kW for the charging power 2.3 kW, 266.3 kW for the power 11 kW, and 460.2 kW for the power 22 kW. A sensitivity analysis on the results of the MATLAB model is made by changing the input parameters. The cost for upgrading the 43 parking lots in Sala Hage from the already installed internal combustion engine pre-heating stations to charging points is 292 400 SEK. To install 60 new charging points, the cost would be 4 920 000 SEK, a cost which is valid for both the housing areas.

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Karlsson, Erika, Martin Koch, and Sissel Wangenborg. "Electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Uppsala : Current state and potential." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295031.

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The aim of this study is to make an inventory of the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in Uppsala municipality. The 89 public charging outlets in the area has been compiled according to their outlet type and power output and located in a map. The charging stations are deployed in the centre of Uppsala and in the outskirts, mainly the eastern parts. The total installed power of the charging outlets in Uppsala is 1036 kW. Potential energy use of the charging outlets has been calculated with several different coverage ratios. The result of potential energy use in a year with 100% coverage ratio is approximately 9 GWh which as an example equals 70% of Ångström Laboratory's electric energy use or 0.6% of Uppsala municipality's over a year. With data from 16 specific charging stations in Uppsala and other cities, coverage estimates have been done with a result between less than 1% up to 13%. It is concluded in this study that further measurements of the charging outlets' electric energy consumption are necessary in order to calculate coverage ratios and coordinate an expansion of the charging infrastructure.

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Johansson, Hjort Kim, and Johan Virtanen. "Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructures In Cities : - A case study of Uppsala." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253710.

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The thesis develops a model for deployment of public charging stations for electric vehicles and hybrids in the city of Uppsala in relation to the electricity demand. Areas for deployment of public charging stations has been determined through traffic flow analysis and is displayed in a map over the city of Uppsala. The model was constructed using three different prognoses for an increase of electric vehicles and hybrids. Through the prognoses the electricity demand has been determined and the number of public charging stations in relation to the electricity demand. It could be concluded that future public charging stations is difficult to predict due to uncertainties concerning the future electric vehicle market. In this study it is concluded that the number of public charging stations would not have a significant impact on the total electricity use in the city of Uppsala.

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Aloqaily, Osama. "Charging and Discharging Algorithms for Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid Environment." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34562.

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Power demands will increase day-by-day because of widely adopting of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in the world and growing population. Finding and managing additional power resources for upcoming demands is a challenge. Renewable power is one of the alternatives. However, to manage and control renewable resources, we need suitable Energy Storage System (ESS). PEVs have a large battery pack that is used mainly to supply electric motor. Moreover, PEV battery could be used as an ESS to store power at a certain time and use it at another time. Nevertheless, it can play the same role with electric power grids, so it can store power at a time and return it at another time. This role might help the grid to meet the growing demands. In this thesis, we propose a charging and discharging coordination algorithm that effectively addresses the problem of power demand on peak time using the PEV’s batteries as a backup power storage, namely, Flexible Charging and Discharging (FCD) algorithm. The FCD algorithm aims to manage high power demands at peak times using Vehicle to Home (V2H) technologies in Smart Grid and PEV’s batteries. Intensive computer simulation is used to test FCD algorithm. The FCD algorithm shows a significant reduction in power demands and total cost, in proportion to two other algorithms, without affecting the performance of the PEV or the flexibility of PEV owner’s trip schedule.

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Zhang, Peng. "Electric vehicle charging load research for demand response in smart grid." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570731.

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Driven by climate change and fast depleting stock of fossil fuel, electrification of transport systems, both rail and road, has been promoted by many governments around the world. The resultant changes in the load demand in the transmission and distribution electricity networks, along with other motivations such as integrating distributed generation from renewable sources, improving energy efficiency through demand response (DR) and managing increasingly aged infrastructure, have led to the paradigm of Smart Grid being proposed as the next generation of the power grid. Electric vehicle (EV) as a load type requiring power for rechargi~g has a significant I impact on power systems, e.g. increases of peak demand, voltage drop, powerlosses and harmonic distortion, decrease of load factor, transformer overload and feeder congestion. The work presented in this thesis studies the aspect ofDR in Smart Grid which could help mitigate the impact of EV s on power demand and exploit the ability to manage EV s charging times for improving power system performance, i.e. flattening the system load profile. It aims to address the following issues: modelling and monitoring EV charging profiles to obtain load information; and developing a DR model for optimising power systems demand due to EV charging. Through comprehensive research, a model of the EV charging load is obtained by statistical analysis. A non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) system, capable of monitoring and identifying the presence of traditional appliance and the EV charging loads through measurements at a single point in a household, i.e. the consumer unit has been developed. In the light of the outcomes of the load research, two novel DR programs based on multiple time-of-use (TOU) tariffs and real-time prices with penalties (RTPP) respectively are proposed to manage EV charging for the optimisation of power systems demand. Example studies are carried out to validate and evaluate the DR programs. Results show that the programs can help flatten the system load profile and the fluctuations in the profile decrease gradually with increasing penetration levels of EV s. Furthermore, by levelling off load requirements, the programs could allow generation companies to operate their plant more efficiently, reduce degradation of power plant due to inefficient operation, help to reduce utility costs, and hence reduce customer bills. I . The developed load model, NILM system and DR model in this thesis provide much improved tools in EV charging load prediction and management for power system planning and optimal operations, because the stochastic behaviour of the EV charging load and diversities among EV s that have not been considered in previous researches are carefully studied. The proposed DR programs give a valuable insight into strategies for the design and implementation of DR in the future Smart Grid, resulting in possible congestion due to concurrent responses be avoided. Index Terms - demand response, electric vehicle, electricity tariff, load model, load signature, load disaggregation, non-intrusive load monitoring, pattern recognition, quadratic programming, real-time prices.

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Nygren, Frida. "Studies of electric vehicle charging with on-board photovoltaic power production." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-228410.

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Aghaei, Hashjin Saeid. "Control of a Traction/Charging Structure for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0117.

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L’électrification des moyens de transport est considérée comme l’une des solutions pertinentes pour réduire les émissions des gaz à effet de serre. En effet, les nouvelles normes européennes imposent des limites de plus en plus restrictives sur les émissions de CO2 par km. Ceci est un enjeu industriel important pour les constructeurs d’automobiles. Par conséquent, ces derniers s’orientent vers les véhicules hybrides et électriques dans lesquels une chaine de traction électrique est présente. Celle-ci est constituée d’une machine électrique, alimentée par un convertisseur statique d’électronique de puissance connecté à une source d’énergie électrique et des éléments de stockage. Depuis plus de deux décennies, différentes topologies ont été étudiées pour la traction électrique et plusieurs solutions ont été commercialisées. Ces produits sont de plus en plus légers, fiables et efficaces tout en respectant les contraintes des constructeurs d’automobile sur les coûts. Cette thèse s’inscrit sur l’amélioration de la fiabilité des chaînes de conversion d’énergie électromécanique. Le travail de thèse a pour objectif de poursuivre le développement de nouvelles lois de commande d’actionneur assurant une meilleure fiabilité de la chaîne de traction. Dans cette optique, réduire le nombre de capteurs de la chaîne de conversion dans la commande sera envisagée. En effet, il existe déjà des capteurs de courant dans les chaînes de traction. Cependant, ceux-ci engendrent des surcoûts importants à cause de leurs défaillances fréquentes et la nécessité de remplacement très couteuse. Ainsi l’étude réalisée de commande de machine synchrone à griffes sans capteur de courant permet la suppression des capteurs du stator de la machine et donc de s’affranchir de leur coût. Dans cette thèse, le model-free adaptive Controller (MFAC) est présenté pour être utilisé dans le contrôle de la chaîne de conversion pour réduire le nombre de capteurs. À cet égard, MFAC est utilisé dans deux approches différentes. Premièrement, il a été utilisé pour le contrôle d'un système WRSM, avec et sans capteurs de courant supplémentaires. Puis, il a été utilisé pour le contrôle des convertisseurs de puissance utilisés dans la chaîne de conversion. Les résultats expérimentaux, obtenus sur un banc de test réalisé en laboratoire, sont concluants en régime établi : les courants non mesurés sont contrôlés avec une précision satisfaisante pour une application automobile et permettent le contrôle sans capteur de courant de la machine. En plus, une performance satisfaisante du MFAC est également obtenue pour commander les convertisseurs de puissance avec un seul capteur de tension The electrification of the transportation is one of the relevant solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Indeed, new European standards impose increasingly restrictive limits on CO2 emissions per km. This is an important industrial issue for automobile manufacturers. Therefore, the industries are moving towards hybrid and electric vehicles in which an electric traction chain is present. This consists of an electrical machine, powered by a static power electronic converter connected to an electrical energy source and storage elements. For more than two decades, different topologies have been studied for electric traction and several solutions have been marketed. These products are increasingly light, reliable and efficient while respecting the constraints of the automobile manufacturers on the costs. This thesis focuses on improving the reliability of electromechanical energy conversion chains. The objective of the thesis is to continue the development of new actuator control laws ensuring better reliability of the traction chain. With this in mind, reducing the number of sensors in control of the conversion chain will be considered. In fact, there are already current sensors in traction chains. However, these generate significant additional costs because of their frequent failures and the need for replacement. Thus, current sensorless control of the AC drive systems allows the elimination of the sensors of the stator of the machine and therefore to avoid their cost. In this thesis, the model-free adaptive controller (MFAC) is presented to be used in the control of the conversion chain to reduce the number of sensors. In this regard, MFAC is used in two different approaches. First, it is used for controlling a WRSM system, with and without additional current sensors. Then, it is used for the control of the power converters used in the conversion chain. The experimental results, obtained on a test bench built in the laboratory, are conclusive in transient and steady-state: the unmeasured currents are converged with a satisfying precision for an automotive application and allow performing a current sensorless control of the machine. In addition, a satisfactory performance of MFAC is also obtained for controlling the power converters with only using one voltage sensor

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Electric vehicle charging station'

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