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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric VTOL'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zong, Jianan, Bingjie Zhu, Zhongxi Hou, Xixiang Yang, and Jiaqi Zhai. "Evaluation and Comparison of Hybrid Wing VTOL UAV with Four Different Electric Propulsion Systems." Aerospace 8, no. 9 (2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8090256.

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Electric propulsion technology has attracted much attention in the aviation industry at present. It has the advantages of environmental protection, safety, low noise, and high design freedom. An important research branch of electric propulsion aircraft is electric vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft, which is expected to play an important role in urban traffic in the future. Limited by battery energy density, all electric unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are unable to meet the longer voyage. Series/parallel hybrid-electric propulsion and turboelectric propulsion are considered to be ap

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Bacchini, Alessandro, and Enrico Cestino. "Electric VTOL Configurations Comparison." Aerospace 6, no. 3 (2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6030026.

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In the last ten years, different concepts of electric vertical take-off and landing aircrafts (eVTOLs) have been tested. This article addresses the problem of the choice of the best configuration. VTOLs built since the fifties are presented and their advantages, disadvantages, and problems are discussed. Three representative eVTOLs, one for each main configuration, are compared on five main parameters and three reference missions. The parameters are disk loading, total hover time, cruise speed, practical range, and flight time. The performance of the eVTOLs on the urban, extra-urban, and long-

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3

Qusai Sulaiman Al Farsi. "Trends and Challenges in Realizing a Flying Car." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 5s (2024): 709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.2295.

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Since the 20th century, researchers have worked to create a new concept that combines airplanes and automotive parts. This effort has led to many prototypes, conducted feasibility studies, and examined strategic approaches. Despite many debates, flying vehicles are viewed as a promising future transportation option. This study examines the history and future of flying cars, as well as their implementation challenges and technological advances. Flying cars with STOL and VTOL capabilities are reviewed. VTOL vehicle electrification and decarbonization are thought to be the future of flying cars.

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Qin, Derek Xiao. "Vertical takeoff and landing aircraft: Categories, applications, and technology." Theoretical and Natural Science 13, no. 1 (2023): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/13/20240810.

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A Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft is an aircraft with the ability to take off and land vertically. The ability of removing the need for a runway allows VTOL aircraft to be used for applications that standard aircraft cannot be used for. These applications include military, firefighting, and transportation applications. For the purposes of this paper, helicopters will be considered to be VTOL aircraft, as they fit the general criteria and are among the first to be widely used. VTOL aircraft can be split into several categories, including hybrid VTOL aircraft, VTOL Unmanned Aerial

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Bacchini, Alessandro, and Enrico Cestino. "Key aspects of electric vertical take-off and landing conceptual design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234, no. 3 (2019): 774–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019884174.

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The recent advances in battery energy density and electric propulsion systems for automotive applications are enabling the development of the electric vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. The electric VTOL is a new means of transport that can fly like an aircraft and take off and land vertically like a helicopter, sometimes called personal aerial vehicle. This paper compares it to the existing vehicles that may compete with it and addresses the estimation of its performances in hover, cruise flight, and the transition phase. The main parameters affecting performances are then discuss

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Lu, Zhidong, Haichao Hong, and Florian Holzapfel. "Multi-Phase Vertical Take-Off and Landing Trajectory Optimization with Feasible Initial Guesses." Aerospace 11, no. 1 (2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11010039.

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The advancement of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft has expanded the horizon of urban air mobility. However, the challenge of generating precise vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) trajectories that comply with airworthiness requirements remains. This paper presents an approach for optimizing VTOL trajectories considering six degrees of freedom (6DOF) dynamics and operational constraints. Multi-phase optimal control problems are formulated to address specific constraints in various flight stages. The incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) controller is employed

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He, Cheng, Yuqi Tong, Diyi Liu, Shipeng Yang, and Fengjiang Zhan. "Preliminary Design and Optimization Approach of Electric FW-VTOL UAV Based on Cell Discharge Characteristics." Drones 9, no. 6 (2025): 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9060415.

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The electric vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing (FW-VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) combines the advantages of fixed-wing aircraft and multi-rotor aircraft. Based on the cell discharge characteristics and the power system features, this paper proposes a preliminary design and optimization method suitable for electric FW-VTOL UAVs. The purpose of this method is to improve the design accuracy of electric propulsion systems and overall parameters when dealing with the special power and energy requirements of this type of aircraft. The core of this method involves testing the performance

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8

Zhu, Yingtao, Bingjie Zhu, Jianan Zong, and Xixiang Yang. "Modeling and optimization of the energy system for series hybrid electric fixed-wing VTOL." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2351, no. 1 (2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2351/1/012005.

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In this paper, the fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is studied. Based on the typical mission profile, the flight process of fixed-wing VTOL aircraft is divided into rotor mode and fixed-wing mode, and the dynamic models of the two modes are established respectively. The power transmission model of the series hybrid electric system is established, the concept of hybridization for power (Hp ) is introduced, and an optimization method of power allocation based on Hp is proposed. The optimization method is verified by simulation, and the results show that, compared with the

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9

Booker, Julian, Caius Patel, and Phillip Mellor. "Modelling Green VTOL Concept Designs for Reliability and Efficiency." Designs 5, no. 4 (2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs5040068.

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All-electric and hybrid-electric aircraft are a future transport goal and a possible ‘green’ solution to increasing climate-related pressures for aviation. Ensuring the safety of passengers is of high importance, informed through appropriate reliability predictions to satisfy emerging flight certification requirements. This paper introduces another important consideration related to redundancy offered by multiplex electric motors, a maturing technology which could help electric aircraft manufacturers meet the high reliability targets being set. A concept design methodology is overviewed involv

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10

Donateo, Teresa, Claudia Lucia De Pascalis, and Antonio Ficarella. "Synergy Effects in Electric and Hybrid Electric Aircraft." Aerospace 6, no. 3 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6030032.

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The interest in electric and hybrid electric power system has been increasing, in recent times, due to the benefits of this technology, such as high power-to-weight ratio, reliability, compactness, quietness, and, above all, elimination of local pollutant emissions. One of the key factors of these technologies is the possibility to exploit the synergy between powertrain, structure, and mission. This investigation addresses this topic by applying multi-objective optimization to two test cases — a fixed-wing, tail-sitter, Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (VTOL-UAV), and a Me

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11

Bridgelall, Raj. "Aircraft Innovation Trends Enabling Advanced Air Mobility." Inventions 9, no. 4 (2024): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions9040084.

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This study presents a comprehensive exploration of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft within advanced air mobility (AAM), examining the crucial challenges of integrating these innovative technologies into transportation systems. AAM promises transformational social change by enhancing transportation energy efficiency, safety, and operational effectiveness. This research utilizes a methodical approach that juxtaposes a systematic review of patents with an extensive analysis of the academic literature to map the innovation landscape of VTOL technology. This dual analysis reveals a dyn

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Bustamante Alarcon, Juan Manuel, Jose Leonel Sanchez Marmolejo, Eduardo Steed Espinoza Quesada, Carlos Santana Delgado, Octavio Garcia-Salazar, and Carlos Amir Escalante-Velázquez. "Analysis of the propulsion and aerodynamics of a hybrid vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicles with distributed electric propulsion and ducted-fans." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 97, no. 4 (2025): 456–65. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-07-2024-0201.

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Purpose The growing interest on improving the efficiency of hybrid unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is derived from their capability to perform vertical take-off and landing (VTOL), in addition to forward flight. This paper aims to analyse the advantages of integrating distributed electric propulsion (DEP) with ducted-fan technology to improve the performance of UAVs during VTOL and hover flight. Design/methodology/approach Their investigation starts with a flying wing configuration incorporating two embedded wing ducted-fans equipped with front-mounted tilting dual ducted-fans system. Experime

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13

Fang, Zixuan, and Leonardo Callegaro. "Phase-Shifted TAB Converter System for Electric VTOL Aircraft." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 804, no. 3 (2021): 032031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/804/3/032031.

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14

Wojtas, Małgorzata, Przemysław Wyszkowski, Mirosław Mądro, Maciej Osiewicz, and Paweł Kmita. "Test Stand for Propellers and Rotors in VTOL Drone Systems." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2023, no. 1 (2023): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2023-0006.

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Abstract The paper proposes a stand that can be used for the testing of propellers and rotors with diameters up to 2.4 m, whose areas of application encompass, inter alia, vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) type multi-rotor drone systems. The presented solution allows for testing propellers in systems with electric motors. To a certain extent, it is possible to achieve an increase in the measuring range by changing electric motors, power supply systems and measuring sensors. The paper presents several solutions for test stands that can be applied in the testing of propeller parameters, and co

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15

Zong, Jianan, Bingjie Zhu, Zhongxi Hou, Xixiang Yang, and Jiaqi Zhai. "Sizing and Mission Profile Analysis of the Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System for Retrofitting a Fixed Wing VTOL Aircraft." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2022 (February 7, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9384931.

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Hybrid-electric technology can be expected to improve the performance of fixed wing vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft. In this paper, we demonstrated a method of retrofitting a single-energy propulsion system prototype with a hybrid-electric propulsion system. Since the hybrid-electric system has several working modes, the optimal design results have strong coupling with mission performance. Therefore, we propose an analysis method of the mission profile to determine the design point. Finally, the payload-range sensitivity is studied. The results show that the hybrid-electric propul

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Palaia, Giuseppe, Karim Abu Salem, Vittorio Cipolla, Vincenzo Binante, and Davide Zanetti. "A Conceptual Design Methodology for e-VTOL Aircraft for Urban Air Mobility." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (2021): 10815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210815.

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Recent progress of electric systems has raised attention towards hybrid-electric and full-electric aircraft. Nevertheless, the current low battery energy density limits the application of these propulsive architectures to large transport aircraft. In the context of the general aviation category, full-electric aircraft for the so-called Urban Air Mobility scenario are gaining increasing interest. These air taxis, also called e-VTOL, are conceived to exploit vertical take-off and landing capabilities, to carry people from one point to another, typically within the same city. In this paper, a new

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Zhu, Yingtao, Bingjie Zhu, Xixiang Yang, Zhongxi Hou, and Jianan Zong. "Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Electric Propulsion System for Fixed-Wing VTOL Aircraft." Aerospace 9, no. 10 (2022): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100547.

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An energy management strategy for a series hybrid electric propulsion system designed for a fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is presented in this paper. The proposed method combines an ideal operating line (IOL) and fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is used to dynamically and optimally allocate the output power of the generator and the battery pack according to the power requirement of the aircraft and the SOC of the battery pack. The IOL controller is used to optimize the internal combustion engine (ICE) operating point to improve the fuel economy of the system. The detailed ai

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18

Maghfiroh, Hari, Chico Hermanu, and Vernanda Sitorini Zul Hizmi. "POSITION CONTROL OF VTOL SYSTEM USING ANFIS VIA HARDWARE IN THE LOOP." SINERGI 25, no. 3 (2021): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2021.3.008.

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Electric motors have been widely applied in various equipment. One application is found in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). An electric motor speed control system that can balance the aircraft's position is one of the mandatory features that must be owned by the aircraft. The position balancer control also supports the Vertical Take-Off Landing (VTOL) system. This study's VTOL position control system uses Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) method with MATLAB Simulink and Arduino. ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inferences System) is used as a position control algorithm. The controller performance is compa

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19

Li, Huiling, and Kun Liu. "Aerodynamic Design Optimization and Analysis of Ducted Fan Blades in DEP UAVs." Aerospace 10, no. 2 (2023): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10020153.

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In order to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels, the concept of distributed electric propulsion (DEP) has been introduced. At present, there are a few studies on the small electric propulsion engines of DEP vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAVs. According to the design requirements of DEP VTOL UAV ducted fans, the aerodynamic design of a ducted fan is carried out in this paper. Firstly, the initial model is established by referring to theoretical derivations. Then, Bezier curves are used to control the mid-arc and thickness distributions of the blade profiles at different blade heights i

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20

Chahba, S., R. Sehab, G. Krebs, A. Akrad, and C. Morel. "Sizing Approach with Flight Time Comparison of An Electric Multirotor Propulsion Chain with Batteries and Fuel Cells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2526, no. 1 (2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2526/1/012008.

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Abstract The concept of electric vertical take-off and landing (E-VTOL) aerial vehicles is gaining more and more attention, thanks to their non-polluting operation and simple air traffic management. Indeed, around the world, there are currently more than 500 projects that concern the development and improvement of their performances. Development of sizing methods for rapid selection of the propulsion chain components remains an important task in this process. In this paper, an approach for sizing and selecting the propulsion chain components of an E-VTOL aerial vehicle is developed and validat

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21

Fadhil Ajaj, Zahraa, Ahmed Hameed Reja, and Ahmed Adnan Shandookh. "E-VTOL Aircraft Assembling and Programming Using the Mission Planner Program." Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias 3 (June 8, 2024): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/sctconf2024846.

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This study presents the design and programming of a modern new class of radio-controlled electric vertical takeoff and landing (E-VTOL) aircraft using lightweight polylactic acid (LW-PLA). Utilizing the LW-PLA cork foam material is crucial to lowering the aircraft's total weight and improving its mechanical characteristics at the same time. The type of LW-PLA utilized in this study was specific, and its fabrication process was made possible by a Creality Cr 10s pro-3D printer. In this study, a lightweight polylactic acid was used to demonstrate the design of an electric vertical takeoff and la

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Tyan, Maxim, Nhu Van Nguyen, Sangho Kim, and Jae-Woo Lee. "Comprehensive preliminary sizing/resizing method for a fixed wing – VTOL electric UAV." Aerospace Science and Technology 71 (December 2017): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.09.008.

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23

Imanov, Tapdig. "Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Network. Case Study: Baku Metropolitan Area." Volume 05 Issue 01 vm05, is01 (2024): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.23890/ijast.vm05is01.0105.

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The development and implementation of the Urban Air Mobility transportation system, using electric vertical takeoff and landing (e-VTOL) aircrafts are the most promising solutions to mitigate growing congestion in big cities. The multiple studies and assumed forecasts indicate a transformation of urban and regional transportation infrastructure while applying the air mobility concept. This study analyzes the feasibility of UAM operations focused on the selection of service segmentation with relevant use cases, which allows for define suitable air vehicle configurations for optimization of poss

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Di Mascio, Paola, Giulia Del Serrone, and Laura Moretti. "Vertiports: The Infrastructure Backbone of Advanced Air Mobility—A Review." Eng 6, no. 5 (2025): 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6050093.

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Technological innovation toward electrification and digitalization is revolutionizing aviation, paving the way for new aeronautical paradigms and novel modes to transport goods and people in urban and regional environments. Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) leverages vertical and digital mobility, driven by safe, quiet, sustainable, and cost-effective electric vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft. A key enabler of this transformation is the development of vertiports—dedicated infrastructure designed for VTOL operations. Vertiports are pivotal in integrating AAM into multimodal transport netw

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Li, Yafei, and Minghuan Liu. "Path Planning of Electric VTOL UAV Considering Minimum Energy Consumption in Urban Areas." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (2022): 13421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013421.

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As a new mode of transportation in the future, electric vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicles (eVTOL UAV) can undertake the task of logistics distribution and carry people in urban areas. It is challenging to carry out research designed to plan the path of eVTOL UAVs which can have a safe and sustainable operation mode in urban areas. Therefore, this work proposes a method for planning an obstacle-free path for eVTOL UAVs in urban areas with the goal of minimizing energy consumption. It aims to improve the safety and sustainability of eVTOL UAV operations. Based on variations

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Vieira, Darli Rodrigues, Dreyfus Silva, and Alencar Bravo. "Electric VTOL aircraft: the future of urban air mobility (background, advantages and challenges)." International Journal of Sustainable Aviation 5, no. 2 (2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsa.2019.10023187.

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Vieira, Darli Rodrigues, Dreyfus Silva, and Alencar Bravo. "Electric VTOL aircraft: the future of urban air mobility (background, advantages and challenges)." International Journal of Sustainable Aviation 5, no. 2 (2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsa.2019.101746.

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Matt, Daniel, Lorenzo Piscini, Nadhem Boubaker, Anthony Gimeno, Philippe Enrici, and Mourad Aitakkache. "Low-Voltage, High-Frequency Synchronous Motor for Aerospace Applications." Electronics 11, no. 17 (2022): 2719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172719.

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This article details the design of a permanent magnet synchronous electric motor prototype dedicated to the direct drive of the propeller for VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) and CTOL (Conventional Take-off and Landing) aircrafts. Our main aim is to maximise the power-to-weight ratio whilst not compromising the efficiency and the reliability. The originality of the research is based on the implementation of an armature winding using solid copper bars; we show that it is possible to use such an approach in an electric machine operating at very high frequency (1800 Hz) through a precise stud

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Mallimoggala, Srinivas, and K. Rama Devi. "Enhanced Prognostics for Lithium-Ion Batteries in eVTOL Aircraft Using CatBoost and LightGBM Algorithms." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 18, no. 2 (2025): 147–59. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v18i2.1804.

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Objectives: The goals of this study are as follows: The comprehension of advanced and efficient E-VTOL techniques is required to control batteries better as well as to increase their performance, safety, and lifespan. The data-driven machine learning models using CatBoost and LightGBM are developed to predict the battery charge, health, and RUL based on flight conditions. This paper aims to assess the impacts that charging/discharging rates as well as temperature have on batteries and determine characteristics that influence discharging. Methods: In the framework that has been proposed, the mo

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Srinivas, Mallimoggala, and Rama Devi K. "Enhanced Prognostics for Lithium-Ion Batteries in eVTOL Aircraft Using CatBoost and LightGBM Algorithms." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 18, no. 2 (2025): 147–59. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v18i2.1804.

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<strong>Objectives:</strong> The goals of this study are as follows: The comprehension of advanced and efficient E-VTOL techniques is required to control batteries better as well as to increase their performance, safety, and lifespan. The data-driven machine learning models using CatBoost and LightGBM are developed to predict the battery charge, health, and RUL based on flight conditions. This paper aims to assess the impacts that charging/discharging rates as well as temperature have on batteries and determine characteristics that influence discharging. <strong>Methods:</strong>&nbs

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31

Donateo, Teresa, Claudia Lucia De Pascalis, and Antonio Ficarella. "Electric Aircraft: Exploiting the Synergy between Powertrain, Energy Management and Structure." MATEC Web of Conferences 233 (2018): 00026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823300026.

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This study aims at investigating the synergy between powertrain and structure within the design process of a fixed-wing tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV is equipped with a pure-electric power system and has vertical take-off and landing capabilities (VTOL). The problem is addressed by running a contemporary optimization of the parameters of both the powertrain and the UAV’s structure, in order to maximize electric endurance and payload weight through the usage of a performant multi-objective evolutionary algorithm named SMS-EMOA. Three different designs are selected, discusse

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Finger, D. Felix, Carsten Braun, and Cees Bil. "Impact of electric propulsion technology and mission requirements on the performance of VTOL UAVs." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 10, no. 3 (2018): 827–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-018-0352-x.

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Dagade, Srushti, Abhishek Kadam, and Pratiksha Yadav. "PAVING THE WAY FOR SUSTAINABLE AIR TAXIS USING SOLAR POWER." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem02768.

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The following paper explores the integration of drones in the aviation industry, covering the application, safety considerations and potential benefits using sustainable resource. Drones (Air taxi) equipped with solar panels are environmentally friendly solution for urban air mobility, utilizing solar energy, battery storage, and electric propulsion to promote sustainable transportation. Photovoltaic panels capture solar energy, which is then stored in batteries (high-efficiency batteries) to power electric rotors, allowing for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). The paper examines applicati

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Ng, Wanyi, Mrinalgouda Patil, and Anubhav Datta. "Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Battery Hybrid Architecture for Range Extension of Electric VTOL (eVTOL) Aircraft." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 66, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.66.012009.

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The objective of this paper is to study the impact of combining hydrogen fuel cells with lithium-ion batteries through an ideal power-sharing architecture to mitigate the poor range and endurance of battery powered electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The benefits of combining the two sources is first illustrated by a conceptual sizing of an electric tiltrotor for an urban air taxi mission of 75 mi cruise and 5 min hover. It is shown that an aircraft of 5000–6000 lb gross weight can carry a practical payload of 500 lb (two to three seats) with present levels of battery speci

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Cacciola, Stefano, Laura Testa, and Matteo Saponi. "A Procedure for Developing a Flight Mechanics Model of a Three-Surface Drone Using Semi-Empirical Methods." Aerospace 12, no. 6 (2025): 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12060515.

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Aircraft and fixed-wing drones, designed to perform vertical take-off and landing (VTOL), often incorporate unconventional configurations that offer unique capabilities but simultaneously pose significant challenges in flight mechanics modeling, whose reliability strongly depends on the correct tuning of the inertial and aerodynamic parameters. Having a good characterization of the aerodynamics represents a critical issue, especially in the design and optimization of unconventional aircraft configurations, when, indeed, one is bound to employ empirical or semi-empirical methods, devised for co

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An, Jae-Hyun, Do-Youn Kwon, Kwon-Su Jeon, Maxim Tyan, and Jae-Woo Lee. "Advanced Sizing Methodology for a Multi-Mode eVTOL UAV Powered by a Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Battery." Aerospace 9, no. 2 (2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9020071.

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A critical drawback of battery-powered eVTOL UAVs is their limited range and endurance, and this drawback could be solved by using a combination of hydrogen fuel cells and batteries. The objective of this paper is to develop a sizing methodology for the lift+cruise-type eVTOL UAV powered by a hydrogen fuel cell and battery. This paper presents the constraints analysis method for forward flight/VTOL multi-mode UAV, the regression model for electric propulsion system sizing, a sizing method for an electric propulsion system and hydrogen fuel cell system, and a transition analysis method. The tot

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Jung, Yeondeuk, and Hyungsik Choi. "Actuator Mixer Design in Rotary-Wing Mode Based on Convex Optimization Technique for Electric VTOL UAV." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 48, no. 9 (2020): 691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2020.48.9.691.

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Żugaj, Marcin, Mohammed Edawdi, Grzegorz Iwański, Sebastian Topczewski, Przemysław Bibik, and Piotr Fabiański. "An Unmanned Helicopter Energy Consumption Analysis." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16042067.

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The number of operations incorporating E-VTOL aircrafts is increasing each year, and the optimization of the energy consumption of such vehicles is a major problem. In this paper, a small-scale ARCHER helicopter’s energy consumption is analyzed, wherein different flight conditions, main rotor revolutions, and flight control system settings are considered. The helicopter dynamic model was developed in the FLIGHTLAB environment and was then validated based on flight test data. The model used for the calculation of energy consumption was developed using the electric and dynamic characteristics of

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Hu, Josin, and Julian Booker. "Preliminary Sizing of Electric-Propulsion Powertrains for Concept Aircraft Designs." Designs 6, no. 5 (2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs6050094.

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The drive towards a greener and more sustainable future is encouraging the aviation industry to move towards increasing electrification of its fleet. The development of electric propulsion technologies also requires new approaches to assess their viability in novel configurations. A methodology is proposed which consists of four sub-procedures; powertrain modelling, performance analysis, aerodynamic modelling, and sizing. This approach initially considers powertrain modelling using AIAA symbol representations, and a review of the available literature establishes state-of-the-art component valu

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Loginov, Vasyl, Yevgen Ukrainets, Sergiy Shevchenko, and Anton Loginov. "From Hybrid to Hydrogen: Development and Optimization of Air Taxi Layout Schemes and Propulsion Systems for Urban Mobility Applications." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2025, no. 1 (2025): 27–54. https://doi.org/10.2478/tar-2025-0002.

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Abstract The rapid expansion of urban air mobility (UAM) is transforming the market of short-distance transportation, offering a sustainable alternative to ground-based transit systems. The first part of this paper analyzes various propulsion system layouts and aircraft configurations that have been proposed for air taxis, emphasizing their applicability in both passenger and cargo transport. A comprehensive review of existing eVTOL (electric vertical take-off and landing) designs is conducted, highlighting the advantages and limitations of hybrid-electric and hydrogen-based propulsion systems

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Kim, Boseong, Jeonggyu Bak, Senghyun Yun, et al. "Feasibility Study of a Series Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System for a Fixed Wing VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 43, no. 12 (2015): 1097–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2015.43.12.1097.

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Sahwee, Z., N. L. Mohd Kamal, S. Abdul Hamid, N. Norhashim, N. Lott, and M. H. Mohd Asri. "Drag Assessment of Vertical Lift Propeller in Forward Flight for Electric Fixed-Wing VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 705 (December 2, 2019): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/705/1/012007.

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Bustamante Alarcon, Juan Manuel, José Leonel Sánchez Marmolejo, Luis Héctor Manjarrez Muñoz, Eduardo Steed Espinoza Quesada, Antonio Osorio Cordero, and Luis Rodolfo García Carrillo. "Performance Evaluation of an H-VTOL Aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion and Ducted-Fans Using MIL Simulation." Machines 11, no. 9 (2023): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11090852.

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This paper deals with the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of a hybrid vertical take-off and landing aircraft. To this end, an innovative aerial vehicle was developed, featuring a distributed electrical propulsion system with ducted-fan rotors. To compare and analyze the effectiveness of the proposed propulsion system, two configurations with a different number of ducted-fan rotors were examined: a four-rotor configuration and a six-rotor configuration. The mathematical model of the four-rotor configuration was derived using the Newton–Euler formalism, allowing the design and implem

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Yu, Feifan, Wang Tang, Jiajie Chen, Jiqiang Wang, Xiaokang Sun, and Xinmin Chen. "Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Energy Management Strategy for Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft with Turbo-Electric Hybrid Propulsion System." Aerospace 12, no. 4 (2025): 355. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12040355.

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Due to the limitations of pure electric power endurance, turbo-electric hybrid power systems, which offer a high power-to-weight ratio, present a reliable solution for medium- and large-sized vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. Traditional energy management strategies often fail to minimize fuel consumption across the entire flight profile while meeting power demands under varying flight conditions. To address this issue, this paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based energy management strategy (EMS) specifically designed for turbo-electric hybrid propulsion systems.

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Amargianitakis, Daniel, Rodney H. Self, Antonio J. Torija, and Anderson R. Proença. "Towards predicting noise-power-distance curves for propeller and rotor powered aircraft." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (2021): 3909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2555.

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Propeller and rotor based propulsion systems are the dominating choice of power delivery system in the upcoming Urban Air Mobility market. Fully electric air-taxis (car sized vehicles with Vertical Take-off and Landing, VTOL, capabilities) concepts are using the benefits of the scalable properties of electric motors to distribute propulsor units all over the airframe. The large variety of concepts and configurations of these vehicles poses a serious issue in predicting noise generated on the ground. The need for a high-level model to aid in acoustic decision making is evident. Through the demo

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Milić, Milica, Jelena Svorcan, Toni Ivanov, et al. "Structural Optimization and Experimental Validation of a Composite Engine Mount Designed for VTOL UAV." Aerospace 12, no. 3 (2025): 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12030178.

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Unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) with vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capabilities, equipped with rotors, have been gaining popularity in recent years for their numerous applications. Through joint efforts, engineers and researchers try to make these novel aircraft more maneuverable and reliable, but also lighter, more efficient and quieter. This paper presents the optimization of one of the vital aircraft parts, the composite engine mount, based on the genetic algorithm (GA) combined with the defined finite element (FE) parameterized model. The mount structure is assumed as a layered carbon

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Ovchinnikov, Alexey V., Kseniya O. Novikova, and Vladimir S. Fetisov. "RECHARGE OF VTOL UAVs ON LANDING PLATFORMS WITH ADAPTABLE CONTACT BAND WIDTH." ELECTRICAL AND DATA PROCESSING FACILITIES AND SYSTEMS 19, no. 2 (2023): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/1999-5458-2023-19-2-80-89.

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Relevance The article describes one of the modifications of ground charging platforms for electric unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL). It belongs to the class of charging platforms with open pads. The previously described platforms with coplanar band parallel electrodes (CBPE) have multiple parallel strip electrodes with alternating polarity, isolated from each other by narrow dielectric separators. The corresponding on-board electrodes of the multi-rotor UAV with a symmetrical frame are proposed to be arranged at the ends of the support legs under the bea

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Mazzeo, Francesco, Emanuele L. de Angelis, Fabrizio Giulietti, Alessandro Talamelli, and Francesco Leali. "Performance Analysis and Conceptual Design of Lightweight UAV for Urban Air Mobility." Drones 8, no. 9 (2024): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones8090507.

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In the present study, a performance analysis of three different VTOL configurations is presented within an urban air mobility context. A classical lightweight helicopter was employed as a reference configuration to design a dual-rotor side-by-side helicopter and a hexacopter drone layout. An analytical model based on general momentum and blade element theories was developed for single- and multiple-rotor configurations in horizontal and vertical flight conditions. Suitable battery pack and electric motor designs were produced to evaluate the endurance and range of the different configurations

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Shinde, Sargam, Sai Salagare, Ashutosh Devkate, et al. "Enhancing eVTOL Performance through Tilt-wing Rotation Technology." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 03 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem02358.

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This study investigates the creation of a new prototype for a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, focusing on overcoming noise reduction challenges. As urban air mobility demands increase, there is a growing need for aviation solutions that are quieter and more environmentally friendly. The research introduces a holistic approach that incorporates advanced structural designs and optimized propulsion methods aimed at lowering sound emissions during key flight stages, such as lift-off, hovering, and descent. Emphasizing both noise reduction and operational efficiency, the design proce

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Benmoussa, Amine, and Pedro Vieira Gamboa. "Effect of Control Parameters on Hybrid Electric Propulsion UAV Performance for Various Flight Conditions: Parametric Study." Applied Mechanics 4, no. 2 (2023): 493–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech4020028.

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Nowadays, great efforts of ongoing research are devoted to hybrid-electric propulsion technology that offers various benefits, such as reduced noise and pollution emissions and enhanced aircraft performance and fuel efficiency. The ability to estimate the performance of an aircraft in any flight situation in which it may operate is essential for aircraft development. In the current study, a simulation model was developed that allows estimating the flight performance and analyzing the mission of a fixed-wing multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with a hybrid electric propulsion system (HEP

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