Journal articles: 'Electric wheelchairs'

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Tao, Weijun, Junyi Xu, and Tao Liu. "Electric-powered wheelchair with stair-climbing ability." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 14, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 172988141772143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881417721436.

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As an autonomic and convenient assistance device for people with disabilities and the elderly climbing up and down stairs, electric-powered wheelchairs with stair-climbing ability have attracted great attention in the past two decades and some various electric-powered wheelchairs with stair-climbing were developed. By using the developed electric-powered wheelchairs with stair-climbing, many patients with walking difficulties are able to descend the stairs conveniently to participate in outdoor activities, which are beneficial to both their physical rehabilitation and mental health. In this article, a review of electric-powered wheelchair with stair-climbing current technology is given and its future tendency is discussed to inform electric-powered wheelchair with stair-climbing researchers in the development of more applicable and popular products. Firstly, the development history is reviewed and electric-powered wheelchairs with stair-climbing are classified based on an analysis of their stair-climbing mechanisms. The respective advantages and disadvantages of different types of electric-powered wheelchairs with stair-climbing are outlined for an overall comparison of the control method, cost of mechanical manufacture, energy consumption, and adaption to different stairs. Insights into the future direction of stability during stair-climbing are discussed as it is an important aspect common to all electric-powered wheelchairs with stair-climbing. Finally, a summary of electric-powered wheelchairs with stair-climbing discussed in this article is provided. As a special review to the electric-powered wheelchairs with stair-climbing, it can provide a comprehensive understanding of the current technology about electric-powered wheelchairs with stair-climbing and serve as a reference for the development of new electric-powered wheelchairs with stair-climbing.

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Wieczorek, Bartosz. "Case study: Influence of the Mechanical and Electrical Anti-rollback System for Wheelchair When Climbing a Hill." MATEC Web of Conferences 357 (2022): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235701001.

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The article deals with the issues of operating wheelchairs with manual drive in areas with a significant inclination angle. The kinematics of a wheelchair while climbing a hill was analyzed. On the basis of the conclusions drawn from the research, two solutions for systems that block the reversal of a wheelchair on a hill have been proposed. Among the solutions mentioned, a mechanical anti-rollback system with three operating modes and an electric anti-rollback system is described. The described electric anti-rollback system is part of a manual-electric hybrid drive unit to the manual wheelchairs.

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Shimada, Shigenobu, Kosei Ishimura, and Mitsuo Wada. "The Evaluation of Agreement Between Dynamics of Electric Wheelchair and Human Behavior." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, no. 4 (August 20, 2004): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0434.

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We studied the problem of interaction of movement between the electric wheelchair and the user. Almost all current products have indexes such as roll stability and operability, but such indexes do not always agree with user behavior because such indexes are static. Another problem arises from the fact that the disagreement of movement causes uncontrollable situations and turnover of the wheelchairs. We evaluated wheelchairs that consider user behavior, first in an experiment to understand the cause of disagreement among users during movement by measuring straight line ands turning, then, based on this result, derived a mathematical model for disagreement in wheelchair motion. Computer simulation, showed that vibration occurred within certain parameters. We present simple roll stability analysis of wheelchairs turning. Simulation confirmed the viability of our proposals.

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Li, Yu Wen, Jian Kang Wei, and Jin Zhang. "Design and Strength Analysis of the Wheelchair Switching Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.337.

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Based on studying the existing electric wheelchairs for disabled are not well adapted to a variety of road conditions, broken through the structure of traditional wheelchairs, a design proposal that can make electric wheelchair achieve the function of climbing stairs and walking was putted forward and a novel mechanism was designed. The mechanism can make the crawler chassis and the wheels of wheelchair switch when needed, and make the wheelchair travel freely and flexible on the ground or on the stairs. The finite element model of the mechanism was built, and the strength analysis was carried out. The strength analysis provide the theoretical basis for the prototype manufacture.

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Kato, Kohei, Hiroaki Seki, and Masatoshi Hikizu. "3-D Obstacle Detection Using Laser Range Finder with Polygonal Mirror for Powered Wheelchair." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 4 (July 5, 2015): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0373.

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Because a large number of accidents with electric wheelchairs are due to operational errors, steering assistance systems for wheelchairs have been studied in a variety of ways. One of the basic systems is 3-D obstacle detection around the wheelchair. One method uses a stereo camera for detecting obstacles by image processing. However, this method is less reliable under varying light conditions. A laser range sensor is another useful device for obstacle detection. However, it requires a complex swinging mechanism for 3-D positioning which makes the measuring time too long. Therefore, this paper presents a 3-D obstacle detection system for electric wheelchairs using a 2-D laser range sensor. We set up only one 2-D laser range sensor over the wheelchair, and attached mirrors around it to reflect the laser light obliquely downwards. Then, we gathered obstacle points while the electric wheelchair was moving and made a 3-D obstacle map to assist steering. We built a prototype device and confirmed by experimentation that it is able to detect obstacles in 3-D.

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Sukerkar, Kedar, Darshitkumar Suratwala, Anil Saravade, Jairaj Patil, and Rovina D’britto. "Smart Wheelchair: A Literature Review." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 7, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v7i2.pp63-66.

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In today’s world there are many disabled persons who find it difficult to perform movements or perform daily activities. This types of persons are mainly dependent on others for their assistance. But they can become self-independent and perform some daily activities on their own with the help of assistive devices. The most widely used assistive devices are Wheelchairs. Wheelchairs is basically a chair fitted with wheels, which can help people move around who cannot walk because of illness, disability or injury. But there are many disabled people with weak limbs and joints who cannot move the wheelchair. Thus, Smart Wheelchair can benefit a lot to them and everyone in society. Smart Wheelchairs are electric powered wheelchairs with many extra components such as a computer and sensors which help the user or guardian accompanying wheelchair to handle it easily and efficiently. The recent development in the field of Artificial Intelligence, Sensor technologies and Robotics help the growth of wheelchairs with new features. This paper is to review the current state of art of Smart Wheelchairs and discuss the future research in this field.

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Pajkanovic, Aleksandar, and Branko Dokic. "Wheelchair control by head motion." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 10, no. 1 (2013): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1301135p.

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Electric wheelchairs are designed to aid paraplegics. Unfortunately, these can not be used by persons with higher degree of impairment, such as quadriplegics, i.e. persons that, due to age or illness, can not move any of the body parts, except of the head. Medical devices designed to help them are very complicated, rare and expensive. In this paper a microcontroller system that enables standard electric wheelchair control by head motion is presented. The system comprises electronic and mechanic components. A novel head motion recognition technique based on accelerometer data processing is designed. The wheelchair joystick is controlled by the system?s mechanical actuator. The system can be used with several different types of standard electric wheelchairs. It is tested and verified through an experiment performed within this paper.

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Prashaanth, R., S. L. Sindhu, S. Veena, P. S. Srilakshmi, and P. Saravanan. "Low Cost Battery Operated Vehicle Using Joystick Control for Physically Challenged." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.788.

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Wheelchairs are used by people having difficulty in walking due to disability or some illness. The wheelchairs can either be self-propelled or can be moved by using the torque developed from the electric motors fitted to the wheels. The use of automated wheelchairs has largely increased as it does not require any muscular movement from the user. The various automated wheelchair models available in the market are of high cost and cannot be afforded by everyone in need. In this project, we aim to develop a low cost automated wheelchairWithout compromising its reliability. The wheelchair movement is controlled by the user via a thumb joystick. The control algorithm is implemented by using ATMEGA 328P.

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Yulianto, Endro, Tri Bowo Indrato, Bima Triwahyu Mega Nugraha, and Suharyati Suharyati. "Wheelchair for Quadriplegic Patient with Electromyography Signal Control Wireless." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 12 (October 19, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i12.15721.

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<p class="0abstract">Quadriplegia is a paralysis condition in both arms and legs so that the patient is only able to move his neck and head. Manual or electric wheelchairs with joystick or switch control as a tool for people with paralysis certainly cannot be controlled independently by quadriplegia sufferers. This study aimed to help quadriplegia sufferers not to depend on others in carrying out daily activities by developing electric wheelchairs that can be controlled independently. The bioelectric signal which has only been used for diagnostic purposes can be utilized as an electric wheelchair control system for quadriplegia sufferers. In this study, electric wheelchairs were controlled by electromyography (EMG) signals from muscle contractions that can be driven by quadriplegia sufferers, namely the neck and face muscles. The increase in EMG signal amplitude during the muscle contraction is used as a trigger for the electric motor in a wheelchair to move forward, backward, turn right, and turn left. An electronic circuit for signal conditioning was used to amplify the EMG signal leads and filter frequencies that are not needed by the system before being processed by the microcontroller circuit. The use of wireless systems was developed to reduce the use of cables connecting electrodes to patients with electronic devices that will provide comfort to the user. Based on the results of the data collection on the wheelchair system, the detectability and selectivity values were for the 100% and 94% forward commands, 94.33% and 100% reverse commands, 92.31%, and 96% right turn commands and 97.96% and 94.12% left turn commands. The electric wheelchair system with EMG signal control is expected to help the mobility of quadriplegia sufferers.</p>

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Ishida, Shuichi, and Hiroyuki Miyamoto. "Collision-Detecting Device for Omnidirectional Electric Wheelchair." ISRN Robotics 2013 (November 29, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/672826.

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An electric wheelchair is the device to support the self-movement of the elderly and people with physical disabilities. In this paper, a prototype design of an electric wheelchair with a high level of mobility and safety is presented. The electric wheelchair has a high level of mobility by employing an omnidirectional mechanism. Large numbers of mechanisms have been developed to realize omnidirectional motion. However, they have various drawbacks such as a complicated mechanism and difficulty of employment for practical use. Although the ball wheel drive mechanism is simple, it realizes stable motion when negotiating a step, gap, or slope. The high level of mobility enhances the freedom of users while increasing the risk of collision with obstacles or walls. To prevent collisions with obstacles, some electric wheelchairs are equipped with infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, laser range finders, or machine vision. However, since these devices are expensive, it will be difficult for them to be widely used with electric wheelchairs. We have developed a prototype design of collision-detecting device with inexpensive sensors. This device detects the occurrence of collisions and can calculate the direction of the colliding object. A prototype has been developed to perform motion experiments and verify the accuracy of the device. The results of experiments are also presented in this paper.

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Lin, Jzau Sgeng, and Sun Ming Huang. "An FPGA-Based Brain-Computer Interface for Wireless Electric Wheelchairs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1616.

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A wireless EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) and an FPGA-based system to control electric wheelchairs through a Bluetooth interface was proposed in this paper for paralyzed patients. Paralytic patients can not move freely and only use wheelchairs in their daily life. Especially, people getting motor neuron disease (MND) can only use their eyes and brain to exercise their willpower. Therefore, real-time EEG and winking signals can help these patients effectively. However, current BCI systems are usually complex and have to send the brain waves to a personal computer or a single-chip microcontroller to process the EEG signals. In this paper, a simple BCI system with two channels and an FPGA-based circuit for controlling DC motor can help paralytic patients easily to drive the electric wheelchair. The proposed BCI system consists of a wireless physiological with two-channel acquisition module and an FPGA-based signal processing unit. Here, the physiological signal acquisition module and signal processing unit were designed for extracting EEG and winking signals from brain waves which can directly transformed into control signals to drive the electric wheelchairs. The advantages of the proposed BCI system are low power consumption and compact size so that the system can be suitable for the paralytic patients. The experimental results showed feasible action for the proposed BCI system and drive circuit with a practical operating in electric wheelchair applications.

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Wieczorek, Bartosz, Mateusz Kukla, and Łukasz Warguła. "The algorithm of an adaptive control system supporting the wheelchair's manual drive." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 820–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.505.

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The article discusses the concept of an adaptive algorithm controlling the electric system supporting the manual wheelchair drive. This algorithm is used in hybrid wheelchairs. According to the assumed concept, the system is equipped with three support modes in which the electric drive system reacts to changing environmental conditions.

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Nguyen, Cuong V., Minh T. Nguyen, Toan V. Quyen, Anh M. Le, Antonino Masaracchia, Ha T. Nguyen, Huy P. Nguyen, Long D. Nguyen, Hoa T. Nguyen, and Vinh Q. Nguyen. "Hybrid Solar-RF Energy Harvesting Systems for Electric Operated Wheelchairs." Electronics 9, no. 5 (May 2, 2020): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050752.

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Over the decades, with the advancement of science and technology, wheelchairs have undergone remarkable changes, such as controlling an electrical wheelchair by using brain signals. However, existing electrical wheelchairs still need improvements in terms of energy management. This paper proposes an hybrid Solar-Radio frequency (RF) harvesting system able to supply power for the continuous and effective operation of electrically powered wheelchairs. This system can simultaneously harvest power from RF and solar source that are both available in the surrounding environment. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and a boost converter are exclusively employed for the standalone solar system while the standalone RF system is equipped with a 9-stage voltage multiplier (VM). The voltage level for the charging process is obtained by adding the output voltage of each source. In addition, a current booster and a stabilizer are used to reach the required level of current and pin the charging voltage to a stable level, respectively. Simulation results show how the hybrid system is better and more stable when the boost current and stabilizer are used in the charging system. Moreover, we also provide some analytic results to prove the advantages of this system.

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Kaisumi, Aya, Yasuhisa Hirata, and Kazuhiro Kosuge. "Investigation of User Load and Evaluation of Power Assistive Control on Cycling Wheelchair." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, no. 6 (December 20, 2013): 959–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0959.

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Wheelchairs, walkers, and electric wheelchairs are well-known support devices for patients with lowerlimb disabilities. However, disuse of lower limbs presents an ongoing barrier to rehabilitation, and can eventually lead to disuse syndrome. To overcome this situation, researchers have designed the cycling wheelchair. The cycling wheelchair is accessible to most patients who can bend their lower limbs. It is primarily used in rehabilitation facilities with planar floors and gentle slopes. To become practicable for everyday use, cycling wheelchairs require sufficient power to travel up steeper slopes or across bumpy surfaces. This paper aims to clarify the power consumed by users in everyday environments by measuring the tread force on the pedals. The investigation targets lower-limb disabled subjects and unimpaired subjects. It was observed that some of the users could not summon sufficient power for uphill travel. In addition, hemiplegic subjects with only one unimpaired leg placed large load on their healthy limb. As a first step to overcome this problem, we introduce traveling resistance compensation control into a cycling wheelchair and evaluate its efficacy.

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Yulianto, Endro, Nisfur Rofiatul Munawaroh, T. Triwiyanto, Priyambada Cahya Nugraha, Syaifudin, Endang Dian Setioningsih, Tribowo Indrato, and Abd Kholiq. "Obstacles and Areas Detection Based on Pulse Width Modulation Method for Electric Wheelchair Safety Using Ultrasound Sensors." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 50 (April 2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.50.73.

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People with disabilities find it difficult to operate wheelchairs especially those with disabilities who do not have hands and feet or are disabled. The aim of this research is to improve safety control for electric wheelchairs by detecting obstacles and detecting areas that minimize collisions against obstacles. The contribution of this research is the use of the HC-SR04 ultrasound sensors to avoid a wheelchair colliding with an obstacle using the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method which is set based on the distance of the obstacle and the detection of free areas and corridor areas using the PWM method which is adjusted based on following the wall. The HC-SR04 ultrasound sensor is used as input and is processed on the Arduino nanomicrocontroller series to produce a value of PWM. Measuring the HC-SR04 ultrasound sensor against obstacles obtained the largest deviation of 0.72 and average 148,6 cm at a distance of 150 cm and the smallest deviation at a distance of less than 50 cm and the wheelchair can move at slow, medium and fast speeds with the measurement results on Duty Cycles of 71%, 82% and 94%. The results showed that the final distance of the wheelchair against obstacles was less than 50 cm and the wheelchair moved at a distance of 34 - 53 cm following the wall. The results of this study can control motor speed based on obstacles that can be implemented in electric wheelchairs to improve safety and ease of operation for people with disabilities.

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Abdulghani, Mokhles M., Kasim M. Al-Aubidy, Mohammed M. Ali, and Qadri J. Hamarsheh. "Wheelchair Neuro Fuzzy Control and Tracking System Based on Voice Recognition." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 2872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102872.

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Autonomous wheelchairs are important tools to enhance the mobility of people with disabilities. Advances in computer and wireless communication technologies have contributed to the provision of smart wheelchairs to suit the needs of the disabled person. This research paper presents the design and implementation of a voice controlled electric wheelchair. This design is based on voice recognition algorithms to classify the required commands to drive the wheelchair. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller has been used to generate the required real-time control signals for actuating motors of the wheelchair. This controller depends on real data received from obstacle avoidance sensors and a voice recognition classifier. The wheelchair is considered as a node in a wireless sensor network in order to track the position of the wheelchair and for supervisory control. The simulated and running experiments demonstrate that, by combining the concepts of soft-computing and mechatronics, the implemented wheelchair has become more sophisticated and gives people more mobility.

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Favey, Clément, René Farcy, Julien Donnez, Jose Villanueva, and Aziz Zogaghi. "Development of a New Negative Obstacle Sensor for Augmented Electric Wheelchair." Sensors 21, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 6341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196341.

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Due to pathologies or age-related problems, in some disabled people, motor impairment is associated with cognitive and/or visual impairments. This combination of limitations unfortunately leads to an inability to move around independently. Indeed, their situation does not allow them to use a conventional electric wheelchair, for safety reasons, and for the moment there is no other technological solution providing safe movement capacity. This lack of access to an autonomous travel solution has the consequence of weakening the intellectual, personal, social, cultural and moral development, as well as the life expectancy, of the people concerned. In this context, our team is working on the development of an optoelectronic system that secures the displacement of electric wheelchairs. This is a large project that requires the development of several functionalities such as: the anti-collision of the wheelchair with its environment, the prevention of falls from the wheelchair on uneven levels, and the adaptation of the system mechanically and electronically to the majority of commercially available electric wheelchair models, among others. In this article, we introduce our solution for detecting dangerous height differences, also called “negative obstacles”, through the creation of a dedicated sensor. This sensor works by optical triangulation and can embed several laser beams in order to extend its detection zone. It has the particularity of being robust in direct sunlight and rain and has a sufficiently high measurement rate to be suitable for the displacement of electric wheelchairs. We develop an adapted algorithm, and point out compromises, in particular between the orientation of the laser beams and the maximal speed of the wheelchair.

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Ryu, Hye-Yeon, Je-Seong Kwon, Jeong-Hak Lim, A.-Hyeon Kim, Su-Jin Baek, and Jong-Wook Kim. "Development of an Autonomous Driving Smart Wheelchair for the Physically Weak." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010377.

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People who have difficulty moving owing to problems in walking spend their lives assisted by wheelchairs. In the past, research has been conducted regarding the application of various technologies to electric wheelchairs for user convenience. In this study, we evaluated a method of applying an autonomous driving function and developed an autonomous driving function using ROS. An electric wheelchair with a control unit designed to enable autonomous driving was used to test the basic performance of autonomous driving. The effectiveness of the technology was confirmed by comparing the results of autonomous driving with those of manual driving on the same route. It is expected that the evaluation and improvement of the usability and ride quality as well as additional studies will help improve the mobility convenience of physically disabled persons.

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Wieczorek, Bartosz, Łukasz Warguła, and Mateusz Kukla. "Influence of a Hybrid Manual–Electric Wheelchair Propulsion System on the User’s Muscular Effort." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2023-0003.

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Abstract Self-propelled wheelchairs favour the rehabilitation process, forcing the user to be physically active. Unfortunately, in most cases, the manual propulsion is not adapted to the individual needs and physical capabilities of the user. This paper presents the results of operational tests of a wheelchair equipped with a hybrid propulsion system in which the muscle strength generated by the user is assisted by two independent electric motors. The research aimed to investigate the influence of the applied control algorithm and the assistance factor (W) on the value of the muscular effort (MA) while propelling the wheelchair with the use of push rims. A modified ARmedical AR-405 wheelchair equipped with two MagicPie 5 electric motors built into the wheelchair’s hubs with a power of 500 W was used in this research. The tests were carried out on a wheelchair test bench simulating the moment of resistance within the range of 8–11 Nm. Surface electromyography was employed for the measurement of MA, specifically, a four-channel Noraxon Mini DTS apparatus. The research was carried out on five patients from the group of C50 anthropometric dimensions. The effort was measured for four muscles: deltoid–anterior part, deltoid–posteriori part, and triceps brachii and extensor carpi radialis longus. The effectiveness of the hybrid propulsion system was observed based on the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle. In this case, for the standard wheelchair, the MA ranged from 93% to 123%. In contrast, for a wheelchair equipped with the hybrid propulsion system, at W = 70%, the MA was within the range of 43%–75%.

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Candiotti, Jorge L., Ahlad Neti, Sivashankar Sivakanthan, and Rory A. Cooper. "Analysis of Whole-Body Vibration Using Electric Powered Wheelchairs on Surface Transitions." Vibration 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration5010006.

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Wheelchair users are exposed to whole-body vibration (WBV) when driving on sidewalks and in urban environments; however, there is limited literature on WBV exposure to power wheelchair users when driving during daily activities. Further, surface transitions (i.e., curb-ramps) provide wheelchair accessibility from street intersections to sidewalks; but these require a threshold for water drainage. This threshold may induce high WBV (i.e., root-mean-square and vibration-daily-value accelerations) when accessibility guidelines are not met. This study analyzed the WBV effects on power wheelchairs with passive suspension when driving over surfaces with different thresholds. Additionally, this study introduced a novel power wheelchair with active suspension to reduce WBV levels on surface transitions. Three trials were performed with a commercial power wheelchair with passive suspension, a novel power wheelchair with active suspension, and the novel power wheelchair without active suspension driving on surfaces with five different thresholds. Results show no WBV difference among EPWs across all surfaces. However, the vibration-dose-value increased with higher surface thresholds when using the passive suspension while the active suspension remained constant. Overall, the power wheelchair with active suspension offered similar WBV effects as the passive suspension. While significant vibration-dose-value differences were observed between surface thresholds, all EPWs maintained WBV values below the ISO 2631-1 health caution zone.

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Cunha, Rodrigo Bruck, Gabriel Goulart Mendes Marra, Pedro Paiva Brito, and Claysson Bruno Santos Vimieiro. "Development of an Adaptive KIT for Wheelchair Turning it into an Electric Tricycle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 775 (July 2015): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.775.98.

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The wheelchair is one of the most used equipment for moving people with motion deficit in the lower limbs. The objective of this work was to design a KIT adaptable to a conventional wheelchair, turning it into an electric tricycle, in order to facilitate the movement of wheelchair users. This KIT enables the adaptive wheelchair travel greater distances in less time, making more quality of life. A structure was designed to fit in a conventional wheelchair, with the aid of CAD tools. This structure is sized to be able to withstand the stresses to which it is submitted. The adaptive KIT presented in this work can be used in a wide variety of models of wheelchairs and is functional, safe, and economically viable.

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Tobita, Kazuteru, Yoshihito Shikanai, and Kazuhiro Mima. "Study on Automatic Operation of Manual Wheelchair Prototype and Basic Experiments." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0069.

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In nursing homes, repeatedly guiding several carereceivers in wheelchairs before and after meals is one of the factors that increase the burden on caregivers. A solution to this problem is to incorporate autonomous mobility functions into the wheelchair. Although many autonomous electric wheelchairs have been developed in the past, it is not reasonable to introduce them to all users of nursing homes from the standpoint of cost, charging, and maintenance. In this study, we are developing a detachable robot that can operate a manual wheelchair autonomously. The basic concept, target specifications, and design conditions are defined herein, and the results of basic experiments such as straight-line stability tests, obstacle sensor measurement tests, and self-position estimation are reported. The implementation of autonomous driving functions such as path generation and localization will be promoted in the future.

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RESWICK, JAMES B. "Automatic transmission for electric wheelchairs." Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 22, no. 3 (1985): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.1985.07.0042.

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Cooper, Rory, Rosemarie Cooper, Michelle Tolerico, Songfeng Guo, Dan Ding, and Jonathon Pearlman. "Advances in Electric-Powered Wheelchairs." Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 11, no. 4 (April 2006): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/acuk-kfyp-abeq-a30c.

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Batayneh, Wafa, and Yusra AbuRmaileh. "Decentralized Motion Control for Omnidirectional Wheelchair Tracking Error Elimination Using PD-Fuzzy-P and GA-PID Controllers." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 3525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123525.

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The last decade observed a significant research effort directed towards maneuverability and safety of mobile robots such as smart wheelchairs. The conventional electric wheelchair can be equipped with motorized omnidirectional wheels and several sensors serving as inputs for the controller to achieve smooth, safe, and reliable maneuverability. This work uses the decentralized algorithm to control the motion of omnidirectional wheelchairs. In the body frame of the omnidirectional wheeled wheelchair there are three separated independent components of motion including rotational motion, horizontal motion, and vertical motion, which can be controlled separately. So, each component can have its different sub-controller with a minimum tracking error. The present work aims to enhance the mobility of wheelchair users by utilizing an application to control the motion of their attained/unattained smart wheelchairs, especially in narrow places and at hard detours such as 90˚ corners and U-turns, which improves the quality of life of disabled users by facilitating their wheelchairs’ maneuverability. Two approaches of artificial intelligent-based controllers (PD-Fuzzy-P and GA-PID controllers) are designed to optimally enhance the maneuverability of the system. MATLAB software is used to simulate the system and calculate the Mean Error (ME) and Mean Square Error (MSE) for various scenarios in both approaches, the results showed that the PD-Fuzzy-P controller has a faster convergence in trajectory tracking than the GA-PID controller. Therefore, the proposed system can find its application in many areas including transporting locomotor-based disabled individuals and geriatric people as well as automated guided vehicles.

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Arshad, Jehangir, Muhammad Adil Ashraf, Hafiza Mahnoor Asim, Nouman Rasool, Mujtaba Hussain Jaffery, and Shahid Iqbal Bhatti. "Multi-Mode Electric Wheelchair with Health Monitoring and Posture Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques." Electronics 12, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051132.

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Patients with cognitive difficulties and impairments must be given innovative wheelchair systems to ease navigation and safety in today’s technologically evolving environment. This study presents a novel system developed to convert a manual wheelchair into an electric wheelchair. A portable kit has been designed so that it may install on any manual wheelchair with minor structural changes to convert it into an electric wheelchair. The multiple modes include the Joystick module, android app control, and voice control to provide multiple features to multiple disabled people. The proposed system includes a cloud-based data conversion model for health sensor data to display on an android application for easy access for the caretaker. A novel arrangement of sensors has been applied according to the accurate human body weight distribution in a sitting position that has greatly enhanced the accuracy of the applied model. Furthermore, seven different machine learning algorithms are applied to compare the accuracy, i.e., KNN, SVM, logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, XG Boost, and NN. The proposed system uses force-sensitive resistance (FSR) sensors with prescribed algorithms incorporated into wheelchair seats to detect users’ real-time sitting positions to avoid diseases, such as pressure ulcers and bed sores. Individuals who use wheelchairs are more likely to develop pressure ulcers if they remain in an inappropriate posture for an extended period because the blood supply to specific parts of their skin is cut off owing to increased pressure. Two FSR configurations are tested using seven algorithms of machine learning techniques to discover the optimal fit for a high-efficiency and high-accuracy posture detection system. Additionally, an obstacle detection facility enables one to drive safely in unknown and dynamic environments. An android application is also designed to provide users of wheelchairs with the ease of selecting the mode of operation of the wheelchair and displaying real-time posture and health status to the user or caretaker.

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Cooper, Rory A. "Engineering Manual and Electric Powered Wheelchairs." Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 27, no. 1-2 (1999): 27–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v27.i1-2.20.

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Szaj, Wiesław, Paweł Fudali, Wiktoria Wojnarowska, and Sławomir Miechowicz. "Mechatronic Anti-Collision System for Electric Wheelchairs Based on 2D LiDAR Laser Scan." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 18, 2021): 8461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248461.

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Electric wheelchairs make it easier for disabled and elderly people to live, move, interact, and participate in society. Moving a wheelchair in open spaces is relatively easy, but in closed and small spaces, maneuvering is difficult. Solutions to such problems for people with disabilities are applicable to a relatively small group of recipients and are mostly custom-made solutions, whose considerable cost is a significant barrier to accessibility. New technologies can provide an opportunity to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities in this aspect. Using selected elements of complex automation and control systems, cost-effective solutions can be created that facilitate the functioning of people with disabilities. This paper presents an analysis of hazards and problems when maneuvering a wheelchair in narrow passageways, as well as the authors’ solution to this problem, and the concept and assumptions of a mechatronic anti-collision system based on 2D LiDAR laser scanners. This solution is composed of a proprietary 2D rotating scanner mechanism that ensures the acquisition of 3D images of the environment around the wheelchair. Preliminary tests of this solution yielded promising results. Further research will include miniaturization of the device.

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Asakawa, Takashi, and Hidehiro Saeki. "Risk Factor Attitude Survey and Step of Road Detection Method About Wheelchair of Elderly Person." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 35, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2023.p0171.

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We propose a step-detection system to improve the safety of electric wheelchairs for the elderly. In automobile driving support systems, roads and other environments are being improved, and collision detection and avoidance for vehicles and other pedestrians are being studied and prioritized. However, in the driving environment of electric wheelchairs, it is important to deal with bumps and one-way slopes on the road. In this study, we conducted a survey on elderly people’s awareness of risk factors related to wheelchairs and categorized these risk factors. In addition, we confirmed the usefulness of the step-detecting device by conducting a driving experiment.

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Acosta, Daniel, Bibiana Fariña, Jonay Toledo, and Leopoldo Acosta Sanchez. "Low Cost Magnetic Field Control for Disabled People." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23021024.

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Our research presents a cost-effective navigation system for electric wheelchairs that utilizes the tongue as a human–machine interface (HMI) for disabled individuals. The user controls the movement of the wheelchair by wearing a small neodymium magnet on their tongue, which is held in place by a suction pad. The system uses low-cost electronics and sensors, including two electronic compasses, to detect the position of the magnet in the mouth. One compass estimates the magnet’s position while the other is used as a reference to compensate for static magnetic fields. A microcontroller processes the data using a computational algorithm that takes the mathematical formulations of the magnetic fields as input in real time. The system has been tested using real data to control an electric wheelchair, and it has been shown that a trained user can effectively use tongue movements as an interface for the wheelchair or a computer.

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Wieczorek, Bartosz, Łukasz Warguła, and Dominik Rybarczyk. "Impact of a Hybrid Assisted Wheelchair Propulsion System on Motion Kinematics during Climbing up a Slope." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031025.

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Overcoming terrain obstacles presents a major problem for people with disabilities or with limited mobility who are dependent on wheelchairs. An engineering solution designed to facilitate the use of wheelchairs are assisted-propulsion systems. The objective of the research described in this article is to analyze the impact of the hybrid manual–electric wheelchair propulsion system on the kinematics of the anthropotechnical system when climbing hills. The tests were carried out on a wheelchair ramp with an incline of 4°, using a prototype wheelchair with a hybrid manual–electric propulsion system in accordance with the patent application P.427855. The test subjects were three people whose task was to propel the wheelchair in two assistance modes supporting manual propulsion. The first mode is hill-climbing assistance, while the second one is assistance with propulsion torque in the propulsive phase. During the tests, several kinematic parameters of the wheelchair were monitored. An in-depth analysis was performed for the amplitude of speed during a hill climb and the number of propulsive cycles performed on a hill. The tests performed showed that when propelling the wheelchair only using the hand rims, the subject needed an average of 13 ± 1 pushes on the uphill slope, and their speed amplitude was 1.8 km/h with an average speed of 1.73 km/h. The climbing assistance mode reduced the speed amplitude to 0.76 km/h. The torque-assisted mode in the propulsive phase reduced the number of cycles required to climb the hill from 13 to 6, while in the climbing assistance mode the number of cycles required to climb the hill was reduced from 12 to 10 cycles. The tests were carried out at various values of assistance and assistance amplification coefficient, and the most optimally selected parameters of this coefficient are presented in the results. The tests proved that electric propulsion assistance has a beneficial and significant impact on the kinematics of manual wheelchair propulsion when compared to a classic manual propulsion system when overcoming hills. In addition, assistance and assistance amplification coefficient were proved to be correlated with operating conditions and the user’s individual characteristics.

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Sivakanthan, Sivashankar, Jeremy Castagno, Jorge L. Candiotti, Jie Zhou, Satish Andrea Sundaram, Ella M. Atkins, and Rory A. Cooper. "Automated Curb Recognition and Negotiation for Robotic Wheelchairs." Sensors 21, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 7810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237810.

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Common electric powered wheelchairs cannot safely negotiate architectural barriers (i.e., curbs) which could injure the user and damage the wheelchair. Robotic wheelchairs have been developed to address this issue; however, proper alignment performed by the user is needed prior to negotiating curbs. Users with physical and/or sensory impairments may find it challenging to negotiate such barriers. Hence, a Curb Recognition and Negotiation (CRN) system was developed to increase user’s speed and safety when negotiating a curb. This article describes the CRN system which combines an existing curb negotiation application of a mobility enhancement robot (MEBot) and a plane extraction algorithm called Polylidar3D to recognize curb characteristics and automatically approach and negotiate curbs. The accuracy and reliability of the CRN system were evaluated to detect an engineered curb with known height and 15 starting positions in controlled conditions. The CRN system successfully recognized curbs at 14 out of 15 starting positions and correctly determined the height and distance for the MEBot to travel towards the curb. While the MEBot curb alignment was 1.5 ± 4.4°, the curb ascending was executed safely. The findings provide support for the implementation of a robotic wheelchair to increase speed and reduce human error when negotiating curbs and improve accessibility.

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Wajdi, Badrul, Sapiruddin Sapiruddin, Tsamarul Hizbi, and Sudaisi Hafizin. "Rancang Bangun Kursi Roda Elektrik untuk Disabilitas Berbasis Microkontroler Atmega 328." Kappa Journal 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/kpj.v5i2.4809.

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The purpose of making this tool is to design and manufacture an electric wheelchair for disabilities based on the ATMega328 microcontroller. This tool is expected to make it easier for users who use wheelchairs to be able to use them independently.The design of an electric wheelchair for disabilities based on the ATmega328 microcontroller consists of several stages starting from the needs identification stage, needs analysis, circuit design, tool modification, program flowchart, tool evaluation, and data collection. The main components used as the main control are Arduino UNO (ATMega 328), joystick as control medium, DC driver as rotation regulator, and DC motor as wheelchair propulsion. Based on the test results, the results of the control experiment using a joystick and a microcontroller produce the wheelchair movement output according to the instructions that have been set as input. The wheelchair can move with instructions, Forward, Backward, Left, Right, and Stop. The wheelchair can carry a maximum user load of 25 kg, plus a battery load and a DC motor of 25 kg, a total load that can be carried is 50 kg. The results of testing the performance of the system can work in accordance with its functions and objectives.

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Cooper, R. A., L. M. Widman, D. K. Jones, R. N. Robertson, and J. F. Ster. "Force sensing control for electric powered wheelchairs." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 8, no. 1 (2000): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/87.817696.

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Mrabet, Makrem, Yassine Rabhi, and Farhat Fnaiech. "Development of a New Intelligent Joystick for People with Reduced Mobility." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2063628.

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Despite the diversity of electric wheelchairs, many people with physical limitations and seniors have difficulty using their standard joystick. As a result, they cannot meet their needs or ensure safe travel. Recent assistive technologies can help to give them autonomy and independence. This work deals with the real-time implementation of an artificial intelligence device to overcome these problems. Following a review of the literature from previous work, we present the methodology and process for implementing our intelligent control system on an electric wheelchair. The system is based on a neural algorithm that overcomes problems with standard joystick maneuvers such as the inability to move correctly in one direction. However, this implies the need for an appropriate methodology to map the position of the joystick handle. Experiments on a real wheelchair are carried out with real patients of the Mohamed Kassab National Institute Orthopedic, Physical and Functional Rehabilitation Hospital of Tunis. The proposed intelligent system gives good results compared to the use of a standard joystick.

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Fu, Tsu Hsun. "Study on Mechanical Automation with Automatically Adjustable Seat Based on Mechanical Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 454 (October 2013): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.454.3.

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In recent years, industry and commerce have been developed and economic conditions have been improved, technology evolvement enhances the standard of living. Medical, hygiene, health and welfare issues have drawn public attention. The elderly population to the total population ratio has been increased year by year. Electric wheelchairs or electric scooters have become very important mobile aids for those physically disabled, the elderly, and chronically ill patients everyday lives. Currently the function of wheelchairs on the market is still considerably limited. Most patients are still suffering psychological burden of the shifting of the center of gravity due to uphill, downhill or driving on non-horizontal surface. This study shows how to solve the problem of seat tilt problem while encounter stairs, ramps and other non-horizontal surface. Therefore their insecurity can be reduced and their comfort can be increased. In this study, we constructed a seat with automatically level adjustable seat cushion. By continuously detecting the seat level degree, the tilt angle was detected when driving on non-horizontal surface. Using microcontroller and stepper motors with automatic feedback to adjust the seat to reach the level of the body. By way of this machinery automation can improve the mechanical properties of the seat. This framework will not only improve the existing wheelchair uncomfortable problems, and can also be applied to other moving vehicles.

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Peñaloza-Mendoza, Guillermo Rey, Víctor Becerra-Tapia, Cristhian Vázquez-Barajas, and Luis Miguel Carreón-Silva. "Wheelchair assistive system with EMG." Pädi Boletín Científico de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías del ICBI 10, Especial5 (November 11, 2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/icbi.v10iespecial5.10129.

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In this technological development work, the design and construction of a device is presented which will operate a system of electric motors to support the movement of a wheelchair through the reading of signals by means of an electromyograph (EMG) in order to detect the effort made during displacement in a common wheelchair, the signal is conditioned in such a way that it detects only the effort made during this action, when closing the hand to hold the wheel and drive the rotation, without detecting movements such as simple muscle tension or normal arm movements. Considering that people with motor disabilities who use wheelchairs have to move for long distances and during the whole day, with this system the effort is reduced and it supports on paths with steep slopes when going up.

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Attali, Xavier, and François Pelisse. "Looking back on the evolution of electric wheelchairs." Medical Engineering & Physics 23, no. 10 (December 2001): 735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4533(01)00053-4.

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CHONG, WOO SUK, MI YEON SHIN, and CHANG HO YU. "STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CARBON COMPOSITE FRAME FOR FOLDABLE ELECTRIC WHEELCHAIR DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 19, no. 07 (November 2019): 1940045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519419400451.

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Electric wheelchairs developed so far have difficulties for elderly people to use, because of their bulkiness and heavy weight. To address this problem, this study presents a design for the construction of an electric wheelchair with an application of light duty materials at frame and a foldable structure that can be easily loaded in a narrow space. A structural analysis was performed to evaluate the structural safety of the foldable wheelchair. For the purpose of analysis, a carbon composite was used as the material for the frame; Structure Mechanics Module of COMSOL Multiphysics was used as the analysis software; and for the boundary condition, the lower part of the body frame was fixed, and a load of 150[Formula: see text]kg was applied to the upper part of the wheelchair. According to the results of the structural analysis, a maximum displacement of 2.869[Formula: see text]mm occurred at the handle where the carbon composite was applied, and tensile and compressive stress of 103[Formula: see text]MPa and 107.3[Formula: see text]MPa, respectively, were measured at the seat part of the wheelchair where the load was applied. The safety factors were 7.5 and 5.5 for tensile stress and compressive stress, respectively. A maximum variation of 0.0872[Formula: see text]mm occurred at the aluminum wheel shaft, and a maximum variation of 0.2046[Formula: see text]mm occurred at the joint. The maximum stress was 116.3[Formula: see text]MPa that corresponded to a safety factor of 2.66; this indicates that the wheelchair can be considered to be structurally safe as the safety factor exceeds the initial target of 2.

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Muangmeesri, Benchalak, and Kittipol Wisaeng. "IoT-Based Discomfort Monitoring and a Precise Point Positioning Technique System for Smart Wheelchairs." Applied System Innovation 5, no. 5 (October 14, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi5050103.

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The Internet is becoming increasingly important in our daily lives, allowing people to exchange and receive a wide variety of data. It can be utilized in a variety of ways for maximum benefit. For example, the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) suggests that objects can be linked to the Internet. Based on this concept, in this paper, we describe the creation of modern smart-wheelchair accessories. These make the wheelchair simple to use, suitable for the elderly, and foldable. A health monitoring accessory is one of the critical functions. The Internet of Things is central to the concept of an electric-powered smart wheelchair. Residential communication networks connect electrical appliances and services, enable monitoring, and provide access from which to control various devices. The controls of a smart wheelchair comprise three essential components: a smart device that connects to the wheelchair, an Internet network, and a microcontroller. The results of our tests enable remote operation of the electric-powered wheelchair; command and control are excellent. Most significantly, our method provides consumers with an extra stage of security.

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Wada, Masayoshi. "Omnidirectional and Holonomic Mobile Platform with Four-Wheel-Drive Mechanism for Wheelchairs." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, no. 3 (June 20, 2007): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0264.

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This paper presents a new type of omnidirectional and holonomic mobile platform with a four-wheel-drive (4WD) mechanism for improving traction of electric wheelchairs on slippery surfaces and enhancing mobility on rough terrain. The 4WD mechanism includes a pair of normal wheels on the back and a pair of omniwheels on the front. The normal wheel in back and the omniwheel in front, on the same side of the drive mechanism, are connected by a power transmission to rotate in unison with a common motor. Omniwheels enable the front of the mechanism to roll freely from side to side. A third motor turns the chair about a vertical axis at the center of the mobile platform. One goal of this project is to apply the 4WD mechanism to a holonomic omnidirectional mobile base for wheelchairs to enhance both maneuverability and mobility in single wheelchair design. The 4WD mechanism guarantees traction on irregular surfaces and enhances step climbing over that of standard wheelchairs because all wheels have a large diameter and no passive casters are used. For omnidirectional control of the 4WD mobile base, two wheel motors are coordinated to move the center of the chair in an arbitrary direction while chair orientation is controlled separately by the third motor. The three motors thus provide nonredundant 3DOF chair movement. A wheelchair with our proposed mobile base moves in all directions without changing chair orientation and turns in place, i.e., holonomic. The configuration minimizing number of motors cuts costs and ensures a high reliable mechanism. We analyze the kinematics of planar motion and statics on the wheel step of the synchronized 4WD, then discuss the development of omnidirectional 4WD control. A series of experiments using a small robotic vehicle verifies kinematic and static models and the feasibility of the 4WD omnidirectional system proposed.

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Wang, Song, Leilei Zhao, Yanzhu Hu, and Fuxing Yang. "Impact Responses and Parameters Sensitivity Analysis of Electric Wheelchairs." Electronics 7, no. 6 (June 3, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7060087.

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阿部, 己和, and 満信梶谷. "Simulink Model Based on the Theory of Electric Wheelchairs." 産業応用工学会論文誌 10, no. 1 (2022): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/jjiiae.10.1.22.

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Hernandez-Ossa, Kevin A., Eduardo H. Montenegro-Couto, Berthil Longo, Alexandre Bissoli, Mariana M. Sime, Hilton M. Lessa, Ivan R. Enriquez, Anselmo Frizera-Neto, and Teodiano Bastos-Filho. "Simulation System of Electric-Powered Wheelchairs for Training Purposes." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123565.

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For some people with severe physical disabilities, the main assistive device to improve their independence and to enhance overall well-being is an electric-powered wheelchair (EPW). However, there is a necessity to offer users EPW training. In this work, the Simcadrom is introduced, which is a virtual reality simulator for EPW driving learning purposes, testing of driving skills and performance, and testing of input interfaces. This simulator uses a joystick as the main input interface, and a virtual reality head-mounted display. However, it can also be used with an eye-tracker device as an alternative input interface and a projector to display the virtual environment (VE). Sense of presence, and user experience questionnaires were implemented to evaluate this version of the Simcadrom in addition to some statistical tests for performance parameters like: total elapsed time, path following error, and total number of commands. A test protocol was proposed and, considering the overall results, the system proved to simulate, very realistically, the usability, kinematics, and dynamics of a real EPW in a VE. Most subjects were able to improve their EPW driving performance in the training session. Furthermore, all skills learned are feasible to be transferred to a real EPW.

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OKIMOTO, Kouhei, Shigeru TADANO, Junichi SHIBANO, Hiroto TAKAHASHI, Takashi HOMMA, and Kouya SARUTA. "Comfortable Drivability of Electric Wheelchairs on Snow-Covered Road." Proceedings of the Bioengineering Conference Annual Meeting of BED/JSME 2003.15 (2003): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmebio.2003.15.345.

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46

Aylor, J. H., A. Thieme, and B. W. Johnso. "A battery state-of-charge indicator for electric wheelchairs." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 39, no. 5 (1992): 398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/41.161471.

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SUGIYAMA, Shunichiro, Hiroyuki OKUDA, Shinkichi INAGAKI, and Tatsuya SUZUKI. "SLAM Using ROS and Operational Assist for Electric Wheelchairs." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2017 (2017): 2P2—D05. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2017.2p2-d05.

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Jang, Dae-Jin, Yong-Cheol Kim, Eung-Pyo Hong, and Gyoo-Suk Kim. "Development of Power-Assist Device for a Manual Wheelchair Using Cycloidal Reducer." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020954.

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This paper presents the design process and driving performance test results of a power-assist module to which a cycloidal reducer is applied in order to convert a manual wheelchair into an electric wheelchair. The types of electrification modules currently used to electrify manual wheelchairs include front-mounted, rear-mounted, and powered wheels. These assist devices are either difficult to carry and transport independently or require excellent hand dexterity to operate. To overcome this problem, a cycloidal reducer with no pin roller, and a novel cycloidal curve were designed to develop a small and easy-to-handle power-assist module that was tested by installing this reducer to a manual wheelchair. As a result of the test, the maximum speed of the wheelchair was 6 km/h, the maximum slope that this wheelchair can climb is 20%, and 0.358 Ah was consumed while the wheelchair moved 360 m in the current consumption test. This showed that it is possible to develop a small-sized power-assist module. In addition, the user can easily electrify the manual wheelchair by adding a small weight without replacing the manual wheel. The power-assist module consists of a DC servo motor, cycloidal reducer, battery, and joystick.

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Anuraag Manvi, Amaan Masood, and Kusuma Mohanchandra. "Brain Operated Wheelchair System." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence 7, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijai-0701.54.

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This paper predominantly explains the use of a simplistic uni-polar device to obtain EEG for the development of a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). In contrast, BCI's eye-blinking stimuli can also be obtained. Consequently, focus and eye-blinking stimuli can be captured as control pulses in electric wheelchairs via a computer interface and electrical interface. This survey paper aims to provide a feasible solution to integrate a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) with automated identification and avoidance of obstacles. The automated obstacle detection and avoidance system aims to provide a way to easily detect obstacles and easily correct the course.

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Prasetyo, Yoga Eko, Hindarto Hindarto, Syamsudduha Syahrorini, and Arief Wisaksono. "Wheelchair Control Using Bluetooth-Based Electromyography Signals." Journal of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnahpc.v5i1.2063.

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In modern times like this, many wheelchairs have been developed with various controls, ranging from manual ones, namely by being pushed by other people or using their hands to turn the wheel, to automatic ones, such as electric wheelchairs that use joysticks and Electromyography control. The control of the electromyography signal utilizes muscles that can still be used to move the wheelchair, in this case, using the hand muscles. The use of a Bluetooth wireless system in sending electromyography signals aims to facilitate the use of a wheelchair without interference from the many connected cables so that users are more flexible in placing the electromyography sensor on the user's hand muscles. By placing the electromyography sensor on the user's arm, the electromyography sensor detects a contraction or relaxation, which is indicated by the LED flame. The output value of the sensor will be compared with a predetermined limit value. When the value is greater than the limit value, it will produce a logic low; when the value is less than the limit value, it will build a logic high. The Arduino microcontroller will calculate every low logic. The results of these calculations will be processed into serial data. The serial data will be sent to the HC-05 enslaved person via the HC-05 master wirelessly. The motor driver will execute the data so that it produces motion forward, backward, turn right, turn left and stop. It is hoped that this tool can help individuals with limited movement so that they do not have difficulty in mobility.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electric wheelchairs'

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