Journal articles: 'Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act'

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Ogonowska, Adrianna. "The new act on waste electrical and electronic equipment – selected changes." Acta Iuris Stetinensis 15 (2016): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ais.2016.15-06.

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Otsuka, Tadashi. "Significance and Legal Issues surrounding the Small Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling Act." Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 23, no. 4 (2012): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.23.319.

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Oteng-Ababio, Martin, Maja van der Velden, and Mark B. Taylor. "Building Policy Coherence for Sound Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management in a Developing Country." Journal of Environment & Development 29, no. 3 (January 14, 2020): 306–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1070496519898218.

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This article explores the compatibility of Ghana’s e-waste policy (Act 917) in the country’s socioeconomic context. Our article starts with two main questions based on our empirical engagements with the act which, contextually, mimics the extended producer responsibility. First, we question the pessimistic imaginaries about the e-waste industry that seeks its outright trade ban or promotes a single version of recycling. Second, we query if the underlying assumptions and basic mechanisms of extended producer responsibility can create the enabling environment to actualize sound e-waste management. Based on prevailing context, the imaginaries appear socially peripheral, isolated, and powerless, and we call for a broader, unbiased, in-depth, critical systems thinking for understanding the complexities and multidimensional nature of the waste electrical and electronic equipment industry. We suggest that it is by fostering the positive synergies across sectors and among policies that environmentally sound e-waste policy outcomes can be achievable.

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Song, Shi Woo. "The Research on Facilitating the Recycling of Electrical and Electronic Equipment Rental Business Operators and Small and Medium-sized Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturers and Importers - Centered the Status of Rental Business Operators, Small and Medium-sized Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturers and Importers of Act on Resource Circulation of Electrical and Electronic Equipment and Vehicles -." Journal of Legislative Studies 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31536/jols.2019.16.1.004.

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Tsai, Wen-Tien. "Recycling Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and the Management of Its Toxic Substances in Taiwan—A Case Study." Toxics 8, no. 3 (July 7, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8030048.

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In the past two decades, the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management has become an important environmental issue internationally because it contained hazardous substances like heavy metals and brominated flame retardants. Moreover, some valuable substances were used in the electrical and electronic products, thus representing a circular industry for recycling of WEEE. Therefore, the Taiwan government formulated a legal WEEE recycling system since 1998 in response to the international trends of sustainable waste management and extended producer responsibility (EPR). This article adopted the national statistics in Taiwan regarding the online reporting amounts of collected WEEE since it has been officially designated as one of the mandatory recyclable wastes. Furthermore, the regulatory measures were addressed to update the status and subsidiary fee rates of WEEE recycling in Taiwan. In addition, this article also put emphasis on the regulations governing the toxic chemical substances contained in the WEEE. It showed that the average annual recycling amounts of home electronic appliances, information technology products and lighting in Taiwan during the 2017–2018 were around 117,000, 18,000 and 4500 metric tons, respectively. It was also indicated that the current WEEE recycling market in Taiwan has become saturated, reflecting the regulatory promulgation and promotional measures successfully. In response to the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and the Minamata Convention on Mercury, the Taiwan government declared some brominated flame retardants and heavy metals (i.e., mercury and cadmium) as a “toxic chemical substance” under the Toxic and Concerned Chemical Substance Control Act (TCCSCA), which shall be prohibited to use in the preparation of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) since 1 January 2016. Through the central governing authority, local governments, and private recyclers in Taiwan, the successful WEEE recycling system not only reduce the pressure on sanitary disposal systems, but also prevent the chemical hazards from solid waste incineration systems. More significantly, the WEEE recycling in Taiwan echoed the United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030 for sustainable development goals.

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Zine, Othmane, Mustapha Errouha, Othmane Zamzoum, Aziz Derouich, and Abdennebi Talbi. "SEITI RMLab: A costless and effective remote measurement laboratory in electrical engineering." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 56, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020720918775041.

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e-Learning emerged as a way for enhancing the quality of education and providing accessible distance learning to allow learners to study beyond regular class time, transcending the mandatory presence of teachers and the availability of classrooms by providing the necessary resources and services. One of the main issues of e-learning, especially in engineering education, is the lack of online educational laboratories. Practical work remains a considerable burden as engineering educational programs focus on handling real equipment. These last are only accessible within a restrictive schedule and might be unaffordable for low budget institutions. The need is clear for interactive platforms that enhance the motivation and controls the regulation of workload for each student. In this paper, an overview about online laboratories is given and a simple approach of remote lab is suggested. The proposal of our research team (Team SEITI) can be used for carrying-out experiments that require neither assembly nor physical changes until the results are obtained unless a technician, that must be present in the laboratory, acts on equipment. The idea is to set up a real-time measurement retrieval laboratory that requires the involvement of a technician to act on instruments and will grant access to a large scale of students.

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Kang, Sin-Dong, Sung-Chul Kim, Ku-Byeoung Park, and Jae-Ho Kim. "A Study on the Current Status and Reduction Method Caused by Lightning at Educational Facilities." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 23, 2021): 3015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113015.

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This study was aimed at identifying the causes of continuous failures, fires, and explosions of electrical and electronic systems in educational facilities that result from lightning, which occurs frequently during the summer. The study is also aimed at suggesting prevention measures for such damage. The installation status and problems of lightning protection systems (LPSs) were examined by analyzing the damage compensation data of the Korea Institute of Educational Facility Safety, a questionnaire and field survey, and related laws. A total of 49,989 educational facilities responded to the questionnaire. The survey indicated that out of all the educational facilities, 21% had external LPSs, 6.2% had internal LPSs, 4% had both internal and external LPSs, and only 2.5% had installed bonding in addition to internal and external LPSs. The LPSs were not installed properly because the heights of most educational facilities are less than 20 m although the Building Act stipulates that LPSs should be installed in buildings with a height of 20 m or more. Furthermore, periodic inspections and checkups were not performed because the Electric Utility Act does not apply to LPSs. However, starting in January 2021, the installation and management of LPSs will be conducted in accordance with the Korean Electric Equipment Regulation, which includes the standards for LPSs. A design using a field survey must be performed prior to the installation of LPSs. Based on the survey, an estimate should be calculated, and the design, construction, and supervision should be performed.

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Berend, Danker. "Dipoles, unintentional antennas and EMC." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 5, no. 1 (2008): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee0801031b.

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Radiated emissions from equipment commonly originate from electronic circuits that act as electric dipoles created by the signal voltage between the signal conductors or as magnetic dipoles formed by the signal current flowing in a loop. Direct emission is mostly small, but circuits often couple to long conductors or large wiring loops which act as antennas and are efficient radiators. A comparable situation exists when short dipole antennas or small wiring loops receive ambient noise (susceptibility). Usually the amplitude of noise sources or the susceptibility of circuits is an invariable. The dipole strength increases with the distance between the conductors and the area. Shielding and proper grounding decreases the interaction via unintentional antennas. Short-circuiting and the insertion of lossy ferrite cores reduce the efficiency of unintentional antennas.

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Yang, Se Young, Woon Seong Kwon, Soon Bok Lee, and Kyoung Wook Paik. "Chip Warpage Damage Model for ACA Film Type Electronic Packages." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.887.

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The use of anisotropically conductive adhesives (ACA) for the direct interconnection of flipped silicon chips to printed circuits (flip chip packaging), offers numerous advantages such as reduced thickness, improved environmental compatibility, lowered assembly process temperature, increased metallization options, cut downed cost, and decreased equipment needs. Despite numerous benefits, ACA film type packages bare several reliability problems. The most critical issue among them is their electrical performance deterioration upon consecutive thermal cycles attributed to gradual delamination growth through chip and adhesive film interface induced by CTE mismatch driven shear and peel stresses. In this study, warpage of the chip is monitored by real time moiré interferometer during –50oC to +125oC temperature range. Moreover, reduction in chip warpage due to increase in delamination length is obtained as in function of thermal fatigue cycles. Finally, a new model to predict damage level of ACA package and remained life is proposed and developed.

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Li, Fei, Min Liu, and Gaowei Xu. "A Quantum Ant Colony Multi-Objective Routing Algorithm in WSN and Its Application in a Manufacturing Environment." Sensors 19, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 3334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153334.

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In many complex manufacturing environments, the running equipment must be monitored by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which not only requires WSNs to have long service lifetimes, but also to achieve rapid and high-quality transmission of equipment monitoring data to monitoring centers. Traditional routing algorithms in WSNs, such as Basic Ant-Based Routing (BABR) only require the single shortest path, and the BABR algorithm converges slowly, easily falling into a local optimum and leading to premature stagnation of the algorithm. A new WSN routing algorithm, named the Quantum Ant Colony Multi-Objective Routing (QACMOR) can be used for monitoring in such manufacturing environments by introducing quantum computation and a multi-objective fitness function into the routing research algorithm. Concretely, quantum bits are used to represent the node pheromone, and quantum gates are rotated to update the pheromone of the search path. The factors of energy consumption, transmission delay, and network load-balancing degree of the nodes in the search path act as fitness functions to determine the optimal path. Here, a simulation analysis and actual manufacturing environment verify the QACMOR’s improvement in performance.

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Batista, Edson A., Moacyr A. G. de Brito, João C. Siqueira, Jeandro C. Dias, Raphael C. Gomez, Maurilio F. R. Catharino, and Matheus B. Gomes. "A Multifunctional Smart Meter Using ANN-PSO Flux Estimation and Harmonic Active Compensation with Fuzzy Voltage Regulation." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 17, 2021): 4154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124154.

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This paper aims to present the analysis and development of a complete electronic smart meter that is able to perform four-quadrant measurements, act as a three-phase shunt active power filter (APF), and control three-phase induction motors by stator flux estimation. A transmission control protocol together with Internet protocol (TCP/IP) communication protocol for the remote access of measurement data is embedded into the application to securely transmit reliable information. An artificial neural network trained with particle swarm optimization is used for stator flux estimation, and a fuzzy logic controller is adopted to regulate the power converter DC bus voltage. The present work gathers knowledge from multidisciplinary fields, and all applied techniques have not been proposed altogether before. All control functions are embedded into a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device, using VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL), to enhance efficiency taking advantage of parallelism and high speed. An FPGA-in-the-loop cosimulation technique was first applied to prove the control functions’ functionality, and, later, experimental evaluations are conducted to finally prove equipment operation and reliability.

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Yamaba, Kazuo, and Yoichi Miyake. "Failure-Detecting Method Using Fusion of Sensor Information and Visual Knowledge." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 6, no. 4 (August 20, 1994): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1994.p0332.

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This paper describes a failure-detecting method for thin drills which are often used in NC machine tools and other machining equipment. It is very difficult to accurately detect a failure in a thin drill with less than 2mm in diameter by means of an acoustic emission sensor. A transistor chopper circuit was developed, having a very effective, smoothing reactor to control a DC motor at a constant torque. In this chopper circuit, high-speed switching transistors are used and the current of the DC motor is always saturated perfectly. Thus, the torque at a point of failure can easily be detected even though the value is very small. An experiment for detecting the failure torque is performed on thin drills which have diameters of 1, 1.5, and 2mm. In this paper, a color information processing signal is used to seek for the surface properties of four different kinds of materials and a fusion signal is generated before each act of drilling. On the basis of the experimental results on the metals, it has been proved that the failure detection method can automatically be applicable to the thinnest drill which is 1mm in diameter.

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Pershenkov, V. S., A. S. Bakerenkov, A. V. Solomatin, V. V. Belyakov, and V. V. Shurenkov. "Mechanism of the Saturation of the Radiation Induced Interface Trap Buildup." Applied Mechanics and Materials 565 (June 2014): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.565.142.

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Ionizing radiation impact leads to degradation of electrical parameters of microelectronic devices. It is necessary to take this fact to account when dealing with microcircuits for space applications and high energy physics. Main physical reason of radiation-induced failures of spaceship and front end electronic equipment is buidup of interface traps at Si-SiO2 interface in semiconductor transistor structures. The original mechanism of interface trap annealing based on radiation induced charge neutralization (RICN) effect is presented. It is supposed that the positive charge of trapped holes in oxide is transformed through electron capture into a new defect (the AD center). The AD centers act as interface traps. The appearance of the A–D+ state leads to the annihilation of the AD center or annealing of interface trap. The annihilation process can be stimulated by radiation induced or substrate electrons. The competitive between accumulation and annihilation processes leads to saturation of the interface trap buildup. The value of density of interface trap in saturation depends on product of interface trap accumulation rate (Kacc)it and constant KAD which is function of thermal velocity, capture cross-section of AD center, generation rate and electron yield of radiation induced electrons. The extraction of these parameters allows explaining a known experimental data. The alternative mechanism of the interface trap saturation connected with the exhaustion of initial interface trap precursors is considered.

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Simmonds, Peter G., Matthew Rigby, Alistair J. Manning, Sunyoung Park, Kieran M. Stanley, Archie McCulloch, Stephan Henne, et al. "The increasing atmospheric burden of the greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 12 (June 23, 2020): 7271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7271-2020.

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Abstract. We report a 40-year history of SF6 atmospheric mole fractions measured at the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) monitoring sites, combined with archived air samples, to determine emission estimates from 1978 to 2018. Previously we reported a global emission rate of 7.3±0.6 Gg yr−1 in 2008 and over the past decade emissions have continued to increase by about 24 % to 9.04±0.35 Gg yr−1 in 2018. We show that changing patterns in SF6 consumption from developed (Kyoto Protocol Annex-1) to developing countries (non-Annex-1) and the rapid global expansion of the electric power industry, mainly in Asia, have increased the demand for SF6-insulated switchgear, circuit breakers, and transformers. The large bank of SF6 sequestered in this electrical equipment provides a substantial source of emissions from maintenance, replacement, and continuous leakage. Other emissive sources of SF6 occur from the magnesium, aluminium, and electronics industries as well as more minor industrial applications. More recently, reported emissions, including those from electrical equipment and metal industries, primarily in the Annex-1 countries, have declined steadily through substitution of alternative blanketing gases and technological improvements in less emissive equipment and more efficient industrial practices. Nevertheless, there are still demands for SF6 in Annex-1 countries due to economic growth, as well as continuing emissions from older equipment and additional emissions from newly installed SF6-insulated electrical equipment, although at low emission rates. In addition, in the non-Annex-1 countries, SF6 emissions have increased due to an expansion in the growth of the electrical power, metal, and electronics industries to support their continuing development. There is an annual difference of 2.5–5 Gg yr−1 (1990–2018) between our modelled top-down emissions and the UNFCCC-reported bottom-up emissions (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), which we attempt to reconcile through analysis of the potential contribution of emissions from the various industrial applications which use SF6. We also investigate regional emissions in East Asia (China, S. Korea) and western Europe and their respective contributions to the global atmospheric SF6 inventory. On an average annual basis, our estimated emissions from the whole of China are approximately 10 times greater than emissions from western Europe. In 2018, our modelled Chinese and western European emissions accounted for ∼36 % and 3.1 %, respectively, of our global SF6 emissions estimate.

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Zhurkin, I. G., L. N. Chaban, and P. Yu Orlov. "Structurally topological algorithm for star recognition and near-Earth space’ object detection." Computer Optics 44, no. 3 (June 2020): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-co-597.

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When solving a variety of celestial navigation tasks there is a problem of determining parameters of spacecraft motion and onboard primary payload orientation based on the coordinates of registered star images. Furthermore, unwanted objects, like active satellites, natural and artificial space debris, that reduce the probability of correct recognition may get into the field of view of a satellite sensor. This prompts the necessity to filter out such interference from the star field images. However, if the objects under recognition are bodies located in near-Earth space, in this case, the star images themselves will act as interferences. In addition, since the detection and cataloging of these objects from the Earth’s surface is complicated by their small size, the atmospheric effects, as well as other technical difficulties, it is worthwhile to use the existing equipment onboard spacecrafts to solve this task. The existing recognition algorithms for star groups, as well as their classification, are presented in this paper. Moreover, a structurally topological approach for identifying groups of stars based on the properties of enveloping polygons used in constructing topological star patterns is proposed. Specific features in the construction of topological configurations on the analyzed set of points, as well as the principles of dynamic space object detection within their limits are described. Results of the numerical experiments performed using the developed algorithm on the star field maps and model scenes are presented.

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Hariastuti, Ni Luh Putu, Pratikto Pratikto, Purnomo Budi Santoso, and Ishardita Pambudi Tama. "Analyzing the drivers of sustainable value creation, partnership strategies, and their impact on business competitive advantages of small & medium enterprises: a PLS-model." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 13 (110) (April 30, 2021): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.228864.

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Sustainable manufacturing is a critical phenomenon in the process of creating sustainable value. This is a way to increase innovation and resource quality. On the other hand, the partnership strategy is an important factor in efforts to improve company performance. The involvement of the partnership strategy is one of the factors that strengthen the achievement of sustainable values. Furthermore, this affects the sustainability of a manufacturing company's competitiveness, including Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). In this study, we focus on creating sustainable value and the role of partnership strategies in improving the business performance of SMEs engaged in the metal manufacturing industry. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to evaluate relationships and effects based on survey data from small and medium industries. The results show that the creation of sustainable value, including products, processes, production, equipment, organization, and human values, has a significant impact (β=0.522; ρ<0.001) on increasing the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises. The effect of sustainable value creation on sustainable competitiveness is fully moderated by the partnership strategy (β=0.179; ρ=0.03), especially in the technology & equipment, and human resources. Apart from being a moderating variable, the partnership strategy has also been shown to significantly act as a partial mediating variable (β=0.135; ρ<0.05) for sustainable value creation in enhancing competitiveness. The partnership strategy's simultaneous involvement proves that the partnership strategy plays an important role in value creation to increase the competitiveness of sustainable manufacturing SMEs

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Chaudhry, Fayzan F., Matteo Danieletto, Eddye Golden, Jerome Scelza, Greg Botwin, Mark Shervey, Jessica K. De Freitas, et al. "Sleep in the Natural Environment: A Pilot Study." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051378.

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Sleep quality has been directly linked to cognitive function, quality of life, and a variety of serious diseases across many clinical domains. Standard methods for assessing sleep involve overnight studies in hospital settings, which are uncomfortable, expensive, not representative of real sleep, and difficult to conduct on a large scale. Recently, numerous commercial digital devices have been developed that record physiological data, such as movement, heart rate, and respiratory rate, which can act as a proxy for sleep quality in lieu of standard electroencephalogram recording equipment. The sleep-related output metrics from these devices include sleep staging and total sleep duration and are derived via proprietary algorithms that utilize a variety of these physiological recordings. Each device company makes different claims of accuracy and measures different features of sleep quality, and it is still unknown how well these devices correlate with one another and perform in a research setting. In this pilot study of 21 participants, we investigated whether sleep metric outputs from self-reported sleep metrics (SRSMs) and four sensors, specifically Fitbit Surge (a smart watch), Withings Aura (a sensor pad that is placed under a mattress), Hexoskin (a smart shirt), and Oura Ring (a smart ring), were related to known cognitive and psychological metrics, including the n-back test and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We analyzed correlation between multiple device-related sleep metrics. Furthermore, we investigated relationships between these sleep metrics and cognitive scores across different timepoints and SRSM through univariate linear regressions. We found that correlations for sleep metrics between the devices across the sleep cycle were almost uniformly low, but still significant (p < 0.05). For cognitive scores, we found the Withings latency was statistically significant for afternoon and evening timepoints at p = 0.016 and p = 0.013. We did not find any significant associations between SRSMs and PSQI or cognitive scores. Additionally, Oura Ring’s total sleep duration and efficiency in relation to the PSQI measure was statistically significant at p = 0.004 and p = 0.033, respectively. These findings can hopefully be used to guide future sensor-based sleep research.

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Fayustov, A. A., and P. M. Gureev. "Electrical and Electronic Equipment Waste Management Problems." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-6-60-66.

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The article discusses the consequences of the development of the economy, processes and services, expressed in a sharp increase in the number of operating electronic equipment, which directly leads to an increase in the generated volumes of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and the problems of their disposal. Various types of electronic equipment containing substances that constitute a serious threat to the ecology and human health, especially with improper disposal, are analyzed. The existing foreign and domestic experience in the field of electronic waste disposal is considered. The system of recycling electronic waste adopted in the EU countries and regulatory documents operating abroad and in the Russian Federation was studied. Practical recommendations are proposed for creating a real WEEE management system taking into account the actual situation in Russia and world experience in this area.

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Achillas, Charisios, Nicolas Moussiopoulos, Avraam Karagiannidis, Christos Vlachokostas, and Georgios Banias. "Promoting reuse strategies for electrical/electronic equipment." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and Resource Management 163, no. 4 (November 2010): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/warm.2010.163.4.173.

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Jamil, Shahid, and John Aeiker. "Electrical Equipment Isolation." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 17, no. 3 (May 2011): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2010.939639.

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Turner, Stephen. "Shelters for sensitive electronic equipment." Electronics and Power 32, no. 5 (1986): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ep.1986.0222.

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Aizawa, Hirofumi, Yasuhiro Hirai, and Shin-ichi Sakai. "Recycling of Small Electrical and Electronic Equipment Waste." Journal of the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management 20, no. 6 (2009): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.20.371.

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Zhang, Ji Hong, and Da Wei An. "Study on Application of Insulating Materials in Electrical (Electronic) Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.133.

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Various types of insulating materials in electrical equipment is not only widely used, but also play a crucial role to enhance the insulation of electrical equipment performance and to improve the quality of electrical equipment. Different devices require different types of electrical insulating materials reliability,and in order to improve the safety factor of electrical equipment, it is necessary to strengthen the study on reliability of electrical insulating materials.

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Omran, Safaa S., Ali Sh Al-Khalid, and Amer Atta Yaseen. "A Shortest Data Window Algorithm for Detecting the Power Factor in presence of non-sinusoidal load current." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 3956. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp3956-3966.

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During recent years, nonlinear power electronic equipments introduce harmonic pollution on electric power systems. It makes the traditional power factor meter can not act accurately when it monitors unbalanced and harmonic loads. In this paper, a new algorithm for detecting the power factor in presence of non-sinusoidal load current is proposed. The proposed algorithm detects the true power factor exactly. By uses only two successive sampled data points of the voltage and the current for each displacement power factor value calculation and two sampled data points for each distortion power factor value calculation, the total/true power factor becomes easy to measure using these values directly. The proposed detector implemented using microcontroller as a main part and has been tested for single phase power system. The test results show that it can measure the true power factor of the loads quickly and accurately.

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Grigorescu, Ramona Marina, Paul Ghioca, Lorena Iancu, Rodica Mariana Ion, Madalina Elena David, Elena Ramona Andrei, Mircea Ioan Filipescu, and Zina Vuluga. "WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT – PROCESSING AS THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES." Book of Abstracts E-SIMI 2020, E-SIMI 2020 (October 6, 2020): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2020.ab31.

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Andrei, Elena Ramona, Andreea Gabriela Oporan, Paul Ghioca, Lorena Iancu, Madalina David, Rodica-Mariana Ion, Zina Vuluga, Bogdan Spurcaciu, and Ramona Marina Grigorescu. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Processing as Thermoplastic Composites." Proceedings 57, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020057058.

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Piotrowicz, Andrzej, and Stanisław Pietrzyk. "Tantalum recycling from waste of electrical and electronic equipment." E3S Web of Conferences 10 (2016): 00074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20161000074.

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Henrique Bueno Moreira Callefi, Mario, and Willyan Prado Barbosa. "Electrical equipment and electronic waste management in Maringá/PR." Revista Gestão da Produção Operações e Sistemas 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 112–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15675/gepros.v13i2.1848.

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Casas, José de Jesús, Katherine Cerón, Carlos Julio Vidal, Claudia Cecilia Peña, and Juan Carlos Osorio. "Multi-criteria prioritization for waste electrical and electronic equipment." Ingeniería y Desarrollo 33, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 172–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/inde.33.2.6309.

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Kowalska, E., J. Radomska, P. Konarski, R. Diduszko, J. Oszczudłowski, T. Opalińska, M. Więch, and Z. Duszyc. "Thermogravimetric investigation ofwastes from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 86, no. 1 (September 2006): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-006-7589-z.

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Nilsson, S. "Substation Equipment Diagnostics." IEEE Power Engineering Review 10, no. 9 (September 1990): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1990.590788.

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Sweeting, David. "Arcing Faults in Electrical Equipment." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 47, no. 1 (January 2011): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2010.2091476.

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Soljačić, V., and M. Kosić. "Reliability diagnostics of electronic equipment." Measurement 8, no. 3 (July 1990): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-2241(90)90057-d.

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NISHIDA, TATSUMI. "Technical History of Electrical Equipment for Automobil." Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 123, no. 8 (2003): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.123.523.

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Lane, R. O., T. A. Badran, and G. F. Marshall. "Measurements for remote identification of electrical equipment." Electronics Letters 53, no. 15 (July 2017): 1001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.1523.

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Gershuni, A. N., and A. P. Nishchik. "Evaporation-condensation cooling systems for electronic equipment." Radioelectronics and Communications Systems 60, no. 7 (July 2017): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0735272717070044.

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Krasnov, M. I., and V. B. Steshenko. "Electrical, Electronic and Electromechanical Parts for Space Applications." Rocket-space device engineering and information systems 8, no. 2 (2021): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30894/issn2409-0239.2021.8.2.88.101.

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The electrical, electronic and electromechanical parts (EEE parts) used in spacecraft onboard equipment must fully provide the target technical characteristics of radio-electronic equipment in terms of functional and electrical characteristics, as well as resistance to external factors and reliability indicators. The authors of the article analyze the current situation with the EEE parts and consider the prospects for the development and creation of the necessary electronics products. Currently, the results of the work are confirmed by the active use of the created space components in space technology.

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38

Frank, S. J. "Balancing act." IEEE Spectrum 39, no. 6 (June 2002): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2002.1049266.

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Baghelkar, Neetu, and Abhishek Dubey. "STUDY AND PERFORMANCE OF PARTIAL DISCHARGE OF MODEL FOR DIFFERENT TYPE INSULATION MATERIALS WITH CAPACITANCE VALUE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 12 (January 20, 2021): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i12.2020.2975.

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The properties of the insulating material must be the best to avoid failure of electrical equipment. Partial discharges act as electrical sparks that occur within insulation and the high-voltage electrical system. The different types of voltage and current pulses are produced, which last for a very short time. Partial discharge is taking place in high voltage power equipment such as cables, transmission lines and transformers, etc.

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Filin, Sergey, Irina Kalinina, Vladimir Maslennikov, Saltanat Ibraimova, Vladimir Velikorossov, and Alexey Chaikovsky. "Management of Electronic and Electrical Equipment Waste Collection in Municipalities." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701023.

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The article considers the justification of the possibility of organizing a waste management system of electronic and electrical equipment dangerous to human health and the environment and the subsequent use of secondary raw materials based on them. The current state of production sector of collection and disposal of waste of electronic and electrical equipment in the EU and Russia was analyzed. A scheme for the organization of a waste management system for electronic and electrical equipment, including the main methods of organization and stages of the cycle of collection and processing of waste in municipalities, forms of organization of work with the population, a formula for calculating the need for the number of necessary vehicles for mobile reception points, has been proposed. It was concluded that at present there is a real opportunity for the implementation in municipalities of a project to create an organization of a waste management system for electronic and electrical equipment, which does not require significant funds from the municipal budget.

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Doan, Daniel. "Equipment Testing Safety [Electrical Safety]." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 23, no. 4 (July 2017): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2017.2688620.

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Gavrilescu, Dana. "Electronic equipment packaging technology." Microelectronics Reliability 32, no. 12 (December 1992): 1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(92)90275-p.

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Gellings, Clark W., Tom Stickels, Dick Cromie, Sioe Mak, Bernard F. Hastings, Gary Fernstrom, Frank Hyde, and Lawrence C. Markel. "Load Management Equipment Reliability." IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-5, no. 10 (October 1985): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1985.5528675.

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Purvis, Gail. "Materials move equipment strategies." III-Vs Review 16, no. 9 (December 2003): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0961-1290(03)00001-2.

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Schwab, C. E., and D. P. Rost. "Airport surface detection equipment." Proceedings of the IEEE 73, no. 2 (1985): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1985.13140.

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Finger, H. "Advances in Fire Hazard Testing of Electrical Equipment." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 2, no. 4 (July 1986): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.1986.290418.

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Grigorescu, Ramona Marina, Madalina Elena Grigore, Paul Ghioca, Lorena Iancu, Cristian-Andi Nicolae, Rodica-Mariana Ion, Sofia Teodorescu, and Elena Ramona Andrei. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Study regarding the plastic composition." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.1.5127.

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Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generated in large amounts due to the development of IT and telecommunication industry is considered an important concern for environmental protection. The complex polymer composition of WEEE can be determined in order to consider a proper recycling process for polymeric materials. The aim of the study was to identify the constituent polymers by: density, burning test, solubility, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (ATG). The research led to a majority of polystyrenic polymers, together with polyesters, polycarbonates and polyamides.

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MINAMITANI, Rintaro, Takashi MINOWA, Yoshihiro TAKAYAMA, and Ryo TAKAHASHI. "Development of Electrical-Resistance Type Corrosion Sensor for Electronic Equipment." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 69, no. 11 (November 15, 2020): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.69.775.

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Chancerel, Perrine, and Susanne Rotter. "Recycling-oriented characterization of small waste electrical and electronic equipment." Waste Management 29, no. 8 (August 2009): 2336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.04.003.

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Huber-Humer, Marion. "EU spreads the net for waste electrical and electronic equipment." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 166, no. 3 (August 2013): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/cien.2013.166.3.102.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrical and Electronic Equipment Act'

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