Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE)"

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Cooper, Tim. "WEEE, WEEE, WEEE, WEEE, all the way home? An evaluation of proposed electrical and electronic waste legislation." European Environment 10, no. 3 (2000): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0976(200005/06)10:3<121::aid-eet226>3.0.co;2-n.

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Andrei, Elena Ramona, Andreea Gabriela Oporan, Paul Ghioca, Lorena Iancu, Madalina David, Rodica-Mariana Ion, Zina Vuluga, Bogdan Spurcaciu, and Ramona Marina Grigorescu. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Processing as Thermoplastic Composites." Proceedings 57, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020057058.

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Dalrymple, I., N. Wright, R. Kellner, N. Bains, K. Geraghty, M. Goosey, and L. Lightfoot. "An integrated approach to electronic waste (WEEE) recycling." Circuit World 33, no. 2 (May 22, 2007): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03056120710750256.

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PurposeThis paper aims to present a review carried out under DEFRA‐funded project WRT208, describing: the composition of WEEE, current treatment technologies, emerging technologies and research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper summarises the output from the first part of the project. It provides information on the composition of WEEE and an extensive survey of technologies relevant to materials recycling from WEEE. A series of further papers will be published from this research project.FindingsWEEE has been identified as one of the fastest growing sources of waste in the EU, and is estimated to be increasing by 16‐28 per cent every five years. Within each sector a complex set of heterogeneous secondary wastes is created. Although treatment requirements are complicated, the sources from any one sector possess many common characteristics. However, there exist huge variations in the nature of electronic wastes between sectors, and treatment regimes appropriate for one cannot be readily transferred to another.Research limitations/implicationsA very large number of treatment technologies are available, both established and emerging, that singly and in combination could address the specific needs of each sector. However, no single set of treatment methods can be applied universally.Originality/valueThis paper is the first part of work leading to the development of technical strategies and methodologies for reprocessing WEEE into primary and secondary products, and where possible the recovery of higher added‐value components and materials.
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Deaves, M. "Taking the WEEE [EU waste electrical and electronic equipment directive]." Manufacturing Engineer 82, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/me:20030608.

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Shah Khan, Safdar, Suleman Aziz Lodhi, Faiza Akhtar, and Irshad Khokar. "Challenges of waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE)." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 166–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-12-2012-0077.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recent global situation on waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) management and recommend policy directions for designing environmental strategies. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research approach is adopted to review studies on WEEE management in developed and developing countries. The focus is to critically consider the available options for its safe management. Findings – Approximately 40-50 million tons of WEEE is generated worldwide annually and most of it is dumped in the developing countries. WEEE is not a challenge to be faced by a single country as it has trans-boundary effects and ultimately the contamination reaches back to the developed countries with a lapse of time. Research limitations/implications – Data availability on WEEE generation and disposal is in initial stages. Practical implications – Developing countries in Asia and Africa do not have resources to handle WEEE. The unregulated and unsafe WEEE management practices in these countries let hazardous materials to disseminate into the marine life and global ecosystem. Originality/value – The paper recommends policy directions to deal with the emerging issue that may have globally far reaching consequences.
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Tsai, Wen-Tien. "Recycling Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and the Management of Its Toxic Substances in Taiwan—A Case Study." Toxics 8, no. 3 (July 7, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8030048.

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In the past two decades, the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management has become an important environmental issue internationally because it contained hazardous substances like heavy metals and brominated flame retardants. Moreover, some valuable substances were used in the electrical and electronic products, thus representing a circular industry for recycling of WEEE. Therefore, the Taiwan government formulated a legal WEEE recycling system since 1998 in response to the international trends of sustainable waste management and extended producer responsibility (EPR). This article adopted the national statistics in Taiwan regarding the online reporting amounts of collected WEEE since it has been officially designated as one of the mandatory recyclable wastes. Furthermore, the regulatory measures were addressed to update the status and subsidiary fee rates of WEEE recycling in Taiwan. In addition, this article also put emphasis on the regulations governing the toxic chemical substances contained in the WEEE. It showed that the average annual recycling amounts of home electronic appliances, information technology products and lighting in Taiwan during the 2017–2018 were around 117,000, 18,000 and 4500 metric tons, respectively. It was also indicated that the current WEEE recycling market in Taiwan has become saturated, reflecting the regulatory promulgation and promotional measures successfully. In response to the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and the Minamata Convention on Mercury, the Taiwan government declared some brominated flame retardants and heavy metals (i.e., mercury and cadmium) as a “toxic chemical substance” under the Toxic and Concerned Chemical Substance Control Act (TCCSCA), which shall be prohibited to use in the preparation of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) since 1 January 2016. Through the central governing authority, local governments, and private recyclers in Taiwan, the successful WEEE recycling system not only reduce the pressure on sanitary disposal systems, but also prevent the chemical hazards from solid waste incineration systems. More significantly, the WEEE recycling in Taiwan echoed the United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030 for sustainable development goals.
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Andersen, Terje, Bjørn Jæger, and Alok Mishra. "Circularity in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive. Comparison of a Manufacturer’s Danish and Norwegian Operations." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 5236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135236.

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Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) as a reverse supply chain (RSC) has a low degree of circularity, mainly focusing on recovering or recycling. Targets to increase the circularity have recently been introduced in the EU WEEE directive. In this case study, we have investigated how WEEE is handled within an electric and electronic (EE) equipment manufacturer. The case study includes findings from two different Nordic countries, Norway and Denmark, with interviews of six stakeholders. The case study shows that there are significant differences in how the case company fulfills its extended producer responsibility (EPR), especially related to reporting. The study also found that there is a mismatch between the ambitions in the WEEE directive and a company’s approach related to circularity in the end-of-life phase of an EE product. Based on the results of this case study and from the literature we propose recommendations on alignment with other directives and on a common information regime within the WEEE RSC.
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Fayustov, A. A., and P. M. Gureev. "Electrical and Electronic Equipment Waste Management Problems." Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, no. 6 (June 17, 2020): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-6-60-66.

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The article discusses the consequences of the development of the economy, processes and services, expressed in a sharp increase in the number of operating electronic equipment, which directly leads to an increase in the generated volumes of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and the problems of their disposal. Various types of electronic equipment containing substances that constitute a serious threat to the ecology and human health, especially with improper disposal, are analyzed. The existing foreign and domestic experience in the field of electronic waste disposal is considered. The system of recycling electronic waste adopted in the EU countries and regulatory documents operating abroad and in the Russian Federation was studied. Practical recommendations are proposed for creating a real WEEE management system taking into account the actual situation in Russia and world experience in this area.
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Gurauskiene, Inga, and Zaneta Stasiskiene. "MODEL FOR REGIONAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC WASTE (WEEE) FLOWS." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 17, no. 1 (2018): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2018.015.

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Churchman-Davies, J. "Just a WEEE problem [waste management]." IEE Review 48, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ir:20020605.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE)"

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Feszty, Katalin. "An economic appraisal of collection systems for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289505.

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Md, Ali Umi Fazara. "Electrochemical separation and purification of metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7108.

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This thesis reports on results of a novel process to recover metals selectively by electrodeposition by pumping aqueous acidic chloride solutions produced by leaching of shredded waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) through the potentiostatically controlled cathode of an electrochemical reactor. The WEEE solutions contained low concentrations of precious metals, including Ag, Au, Pd and high concentrations of Cu. Electrodeposition from low concentrations of such dissolved metals requires electrodes with high mass transport rate coefficients and specific surface areas to increase cross-sectional current densities and optimise capital and operating costs. Hence, to recover gold from solutions with concentrations < 10 mol m-3 in the WEEE leachate, a three-dimensional cathode was used consisting of a circulating particulate bed of 0.5-1.0 mm diameter graphite particles, on which (AuIIICl4 - + AuICl2 -) ions were reduced. The temporal decay of the solution absorbance of AuCl4 - ions at 312 nm was recorded on-line by a quartz flow cell connected to a UV-visible spectrophotometer using fibre optics, enabling its time dependent concentration to be determined in real time. Total dissolved gold concentrations were determined by Inductively-coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results from the reactor experiments were modelled in terms of a mass transport controlled reaction in a plug flow electrochemical reactor operated in batch recycle with a continuous stirred tank reservoir. As copper is the dominant element in WEEE, and hence in the leach solution, its electrodeposition was investigated using an electrochemical reactor with a Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 anode, cation-permeable membrane and a Ti mesh cathode in a fluidised bed of 590-840 μm glass beads to enhance mass transfer rates and to improve copper deposit morphologies. As for other metals, the effects were determined of cathode potential and solution flow rate on electrodeposition rates, charge yields, specific electrical energy consumptions, and deposit morphologies, imaged subsequently by scanning electron microscopy, and purities determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). While depleting CuII concentrations from 500 to 35 mol m-3, copper purities of > 99.79 %, as required for commercial purity Cu, were achieved with charge yields of 0.90 and specific electrical energy consumptions of 2000 kW h tonne-1. In addition, the circulating particulate bed cathode depleted solutions rapidly from 15 mol m-3 CuII ca. 100 ppm. Experiments with a rotating vitreous carbon cathode confirmed predictions from a kinetic model for a small electrode potential window within which to achieve selective electrodeposition of tin from synthetic SnIV-PbII aqueous chloride solutions, from which Pb could be electrodeposited subsequently. AlIII, FeII, ZnII and NiII remained in solution after the recovery of Au, Cu, Sn and Pb from the WEEE leachate. Unlike Al, it is possible to electrodeposit Fe from aqueous solution, and it was decided to add NaOH (+ air) to increase the pH to ca. 3.25 to precipitate ‘Fe(OH)3’, which was recovered by filtration. This option also enabled subsequent electro-co-deposition of Ni and Zn with high charge yields, as the higher pH decreased the driving force for H2 evolution. A one- dimensional mathematical model was developed in MAPLETM to predict the kinetics of Ni-Zn electro-co-deposition, which was validated experimentally. The model also considered the potential and concentration profiles in the cathode | electrolyte boundary layer for conditions in which migration and convective diffusion all contribute to overall transport rates, to predict the behaviour and optimize the process parameters of the electrochemical reactors.
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Asvestas, Ioannis. "Pyrolysis of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Plastics for Energy and Material Recovery." Thesis, KTH, Energi- och ugnsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240087.

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The society is striving to tackle the over-extraction of Earth’s resources due to the ongoing population rise. The increased needs of energy and material resources leads to a growing volume of materials waste, which include a variety of dangerous pollutants among them. Waste of electrical and electronic equipment poses a universal problem due to its vast quantities, responsible for environmental pollution and numerous diseases to humans and animals. The high demand in electrical and electronic equipment along with its short-life time due to its obsolescence, leads to the expansion of WEEE waste stream. Energy and material recovery from WEEE can minimize significantly the over extraction of precious metals and minerals along with fuels towards a more sustainable future. Currently, there are several ways to treat WEEE and recover material fractions along with energy, such as incineration and landfilling. Thermochemical treatment of WEEE offers the possibility to convert waste into energy and material simultaneously, in an environmentally friendlier way, resulting in a more sustainable waste management. In this research, pyrolysis is examined as a method for energy and material recovery from WEEE. Brominated plastics along with Polyethylene plastic mixtures have been acquired from Stena and Boliden AB separation processes respectively. Both materials are subjected to pyrolysis in a fixed bed and an auger reactor. The pyrolysis products show their strong relation to the pyrolysis temperature, the type of the reactor and the initial composition of the feedstock material. The carried-out experiments depict the upward trend of the gaseous products in favor of the oils as the pyrolysis temperature increase. The amount of solid residue remained almost at the same levels throughout the temperature range, meaning that no higher temperatures are needed in order to achieve higher decomposition rates of the tested material. Unreacted carbon and inorganic compounds end up in the solid residue that could be used as fuel in a combustion process. The metal fraction can be separated and recycled, as it possesses commercial value. Main oil compounds listed were, styrene, toluene, ethylbenzene, alpha methylstyrene benzene, phenol. Compounds such as benzene, indene and p-xylene were produced as the organic compounds were further decomposed during the experiments at the highest temperatures. Chlorine and bromine content must be separated in order to be a formidable fuel. The amount of combustible gases was increasing and their energy potential with the temperature rise. The gaseous fraction consists mainly of: H2, CO, CH4, CO2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8. Both the gaseous and oil compounds can be used as fuels in a combustion process. The amount of halogens was measured at low levels within the product range, though their separation is important. Pyrolysis of WEEE is a promising method for energy and material recovery that can boost the sustainability of our society.
Samhället strävar efter att ta itu med överutvinningen av jordens resurser på grund av den pågåendebefolkningsökningen. De ökade behoven hos energi och materiella resurser leder till en ökandemängd materialavfall, vilket inkluderar en mängd farliga föroreningar bland dem. Avfall av elektriskoch elektronisk utrustning utgör ett universellt problem på grund av sin stora mängd, ansvarig förmiljöföroreningar och många sjukdomar hos människor och djur. Den stora efterfrågan på elektriskoch elektronisk utrustning tillsammans med den korta livslängden på grund av dess föryngring ledertill utvidgningen av WEEE-avfallsströmmen. Energi och materialåtervinning från WEEE kanbetydligt minska över-extraktion av ädelmetaller och mineraler tillsammans med bränslen mot en merhållbar framtid. För närvarande finns det flera sätt att behandla WEEE och återvinna materialfraktioner tillsammansmed energi, såsom förbränning och deponering. Termokemisk behandling av WEEE erbjudermöjlighet att omvandla avfall till energi och material samtidigt, på ett miljövänligare sätt, vilketresulterar i en mer hållbar avfallshantering.I denna forskning undersöks pyrolys som en metod för energi och materialåtervinning från WEEE.Bromerad plast tillsammans med polyetylenplastblandningar har förvärvats från Stena och BolidenAB separationsprocesser. Båda materialen utsätts för pyrolys i en fast bädd och en skruvreaktor.Pyrolysprodukterna visar deras starka förhållande till pyrolys-temperaturen, reaktortypen och denursprungliga sammansättningen av råmaterialet. De utförda experimenten visar den uppåtgåendetrenden hos de gasformiga produkterna till förmån för oljorna som pyrolystemperaturökningen.Mängden fast substans förblev nästan vid samma nivåer genom temperaturintervallet, vilket innebäratt inga högre temperaturer behövs för att uppnå högre sönderdelningshastigheter för det testadematerialet. Oreagerat kol och oorganiska föreningar hamnar i den fasta återstoden som kan användassom bränsle vid förbränningsprocessen. Metallfraktionen kan separeras och återvinnas, eftersom denhar kommersiellt värde. De angivna huvudolja-föreningarna var styren, toluen, etylbensen, alfa-metylstyrenbensen, fenol.Föreningar såsom bensen, inden och p-xylen framställdes när de organiska föreningarnasönderdelades vidare under försöken vid de högsta temperaturerna. Klor och brominnehåll måstesepareras för att vara ett formidabelt bränsle.Mängden brännbara gaser ökade och deras energipotential med temperaturökningen. Den gasformigafraktionen består huvudsakligen av: H2, CO, CH4, CO2, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8. Bådegasformiga och oljeföreningar kan användas som bränslen i en förbränningsprocess. Mängdenhalogener mättes vid låga halter inom produktsortimentet, fastän deras separation är viktig.Pyrolys av WEEE är en lovande metod för energi och materialåtervinning som kan öka vårt samhälleshållbarhet.
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Chongwatpol, Jongsawas. "Analysis of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Thailand and implementation of risk management plan to comply with future WEEE regulations." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004chongwatpolj.pdf.

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Gottberg, Annika. "Producer responsibility for WEEE as a driver of ecodesign: Case studies of business responses to producer responsibility charges." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/745.

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Due to potential environmental, resource and health problems associated with waste, waste minimisation is a prioritised waste management strategy in many countries. Producer responsibility policies promote waste minimisation by stipulating separate collection and recycling of particular waste streams. In addition, a purpose of the policy is to encourage product development that reduces waste generation and improves recyclability. It is sometimes assumed that the financial responsibility assigned to producers for collection and recycling of their end-of-life products will instigate waste minimising product development in order to reduce costs. However, this view has also been contested. Following the adoption of the WEEE Directive (2002/96/EC) all EU member states have to implement producer responsibility for WEEE. Taking a qualitative multiple case study approach, this study explores company responses to the costs of existing national producer responsibility policies for WEEE in relation product development. The purpose is to inform policy-making on the effectiveness of producer responsibility charges in achieving waste minimising product development. The study comprises both large companies and SMEs in the lighting equipments sector. It also includes companies in EU member states without producer responsibility for WEEE in order to see if there are any differences in waste-minimising product design among countries and if national policies have an impact beyond national borders. Economic principles and previous research findings on ecodesign make up the analytical framework for the study. Quantitative data on cost-benefits of ecodesign and waste minimisation achievements were scarce. However, the company responses show that the costs imposed on the producers by the WEEE policy have had little effect on product development so far. The costs can generally be transferred to customers via product prices. The price increases were generally small and without any negative effects on competitiveness. Other drivers such as bans on certain substances, environmental industry product declarations, commercial advantages including direct customer demands from for instance public procurers, are more effective.
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Charles, Rhys G. "Assessment and exploitation of the inherent value of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) for circular economy." Thesis, Swansea University, 2018. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa39601.

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Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) represents a global environmental and resource-efficiency crisis. However, WEEE is a valuable urban mine of economically, strategically and environmentally important materials e.g. precious metals (PMs) and critical raw materials (CRMs). Economic value derived from WEEE can drive solutions to the ‘WEEE problem’ which are conducive to circular economy, enhance global resource-efficiency, and generate environmental and social benefits. This thesis examines the value of WEEE, and methods for its exploitation to the benefit of global sustainability. The ‘WEEE problem’ is examined in the context of global sustainability, considering environmental & resource-efficiency implications and linear resources use by the electrical & electronic equipment (EEE) industry. Solutions are considered which exploit WEEE as an ‘urban mine’ and embrace circular economy. Within this context, recycling potential of future WEEE is evaluated through projections of PM & Cu content of PCBs, based on temporal trends in historic RAM modules. CRMs are then identified in WEEE and methods of enhancing their recovery through intervention in pre-processing stages of recycling are evaluated. An industrial symbiosis process which recovers Pt from waste thermocouples for use in solar cells is presented as an example of the greater value generation potential offered by circular economy and the potential of such processes to overcome barriers to CRM recovery. Challenges and opportunities in lifecycle optimisation of printable photovoltaics for circular economy is considered as a means of enhancing the industrial ecology of this industry to avoid WEEE generation, reduce primary materials demand and enhance the value derived from these technologies at all stages of their lifecycles. Appropriate battery selection for solar off-grid systems in South Africa is then considered, demonstrating that greater value can be derived from EEE for local economies if compatibility of technologies with local skills and infrastructure for in-use and EoL management.
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Changcheng, Yao, and Zhang Le. "Inventory Control of WEEE (Waste of Electronic and Electrical Equipment) Reverse Logistics in parts of China : The HEA (household electrical appliances) manufacturers’ perspective." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-11956.

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Title: Inventory Control of WEEE (Waste of Electronic and Electrical Equipment) Reverse Logistics in parts of China  --The HEA (household electrical appliances) manufacturers’ perspective   Background: With economic development, the requirement of public for enterprises and products has become increasingly rational. Price is no longer the only consideration of public, they also pay attention to other factors, such as energy conservation. The manufacturers face enormous challenges because of the late start of products recycling in China. So enterprises start to build their own recycling logistics system in order to have more competitive for themselves.   Purpose: The purpose is to describe the methods of inventory controls in the case HEA manufacturers and the problems of inventory controls, find out what problems exsist in the case manufacturers, then analyze what are the origins of these issues for HEA manufacturers as well as propose how these issues can be alleviated, and what methods would be suitable. By solving these research questions, the thesis tries to offer some suggestions about inventory control improvement not only to the cases, but also wider to the whole HEA manufacturers in China.   Method: Multiple - case study as research method has been applied. Specifically, two case companies, Chinese HEA manufacturers, have been selected. Two telephone focused interviews combined with open-ended interviews have been conducted with two related managers. The empirical evidence has been analyzed by using with-in case study and cross-case analysis method, then model analysis is applied.     Results, conclusion: First, the methods are not good enough in the two case companies, a new model is built to help inventory control in the case companies. Second, from external and internal perspective, the origins to cause the problems are a lot, but the main causes are environmental factors, and in busy seasons of these companies. Besides, for doing reverse logistics is a capital costing job, none of the enterprises would like to step in. and reverse logistics is in an uncertainty environment, doing so need to make sure everything clearly and orderly, or costs will be a large amount. The best way of improving inventory control of WEEE reverse logistics in China is that the enterprises standing together to restore the orders.   Limitations and drawbacks: For one thing, there are not enough previous studies references in China, this brought some difficulties of supporting the view points in the thesis. Two empirical cases are not persuasive enough to represent the whole China due to the limitation of the authors’ knowledge and the huge area of China. Nevertheless, the ideal model in model analysis is not that complicated, which means, for more complex problems and processes, the model would be lame.
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Pennock, Michael. "Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) creating an electronics equipment takeback program in light of current European Union directives and possible U.S. legislation /." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003pennockm.pdf.

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Relkman, Anna. "The European Union WEEE and RoHS directives : How are Atlas Copco and CP’s handheld industrial tools and assembly systems affected by the WEEE and RoHS directives?" Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5089.

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The European Union Member States has a common environmental policy. The intention of the environmental policy and the WEEE and RoHS directives are to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment, protect human health and make use of natural resources. The WEEE is abbreviation for “Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment”. The WEEE directive purpose is to improve the reuse, recycling and recovery in order to reduce the amount of disposal of equipment and the contents going to landfill. The RoHS directive is abbreviation for “Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment”. The six restricted substances are lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium and two brominated flame-retardants; PPB and PBDE. The purpose of the RoHS directive is to approximate the laws of the European Member States on the restrictions of the use of hazardous substances in EEE, “Electrical and Electronic Equipment”. The common legislation is needed because the companies shall have the same terms of concerns.

The amount of EEE that the European Member States generate is growing rapidly and that is why a common waste management is needed. The content of hazardous components in EEE is a major concern during the waste management phase and recycling of WEEE. The landfills do not have the possibility to handle the upcoming volumes of waste and the rubbish incineration creates high levels of heavy-alloy metal in our surroundings. The WEEE and RoHS directives covers ten categories of EEE and the producer responsibility shall encourage the design and production of EEE, which take into full account and facilitate their repair, possible upgrading, disassembly, reuse and recycling.

The Commission has not drawn up distinct guidelines and boundaries for the EEE within some of the categories in the WEEE and RoHS directives. This makes it difficult for the producers of EEE to determine if their products are within the scope of the directives. The definition of “large-scale stationary industrial tools” is one of the most difficult definitions to interpret. This definition includes four points that the EEE shall comply with to be allowed as an exemption.

Atlas Copco and CP are two of the concerned companies that have products within the scope of the WEEE and RoHS directives. In the Atlas Copco group there are two divisions; Atlas Copco and CP. Atlas Copco and CP develop, manufacture and market industrial tools, compressed air equipment, construction and mining equipment and assembly systems. It is Atlas Copco and CP’s industrial tools and assembly systems, which are affected by the WEEE and RoHS directives. Due to this Atlas Copco and CP needs to decide which of their products that is within the scope of the directives. Some of their industrial tools and assembly systems are in the grey-area of the legislation. The purpose of this thesis is to interpret the WEEE and RoHS directives and review Atlas Copco and CP’s industrial tools and assembly systems. The author believes that the majority of Atlas Copco and CP’s industrial tools and assembly systems are not “large-scale stationary industrial tools” because they sells as single units which the customers combine as they wish, to get the accurate performance. The tools are furthermore handhold and driven by electricity through a cable or battery and the industrial tools and assembly systems are not permanently fixed. The author’s decision which industrial tools and assembly systems are within the scope of the directives differentiates from Atlas Copco and CP’s decision.

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Lange, Ulrike. "Evaluation of informal sector activities in Germany under consideration of electrical and electronic waste management systems." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-123307.

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The informal sector is described as groups of persons who act in parallel to official waste management systems without official authorisation. Such informal activities can result in risks as well as benefits both to the environment and involved stakeholders, which explains the continuing lively discussions in politics, science and society. Transhipments of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are increasingly focused in Germany. In addition to informal exports via the port of Hamburg to countries such as China, Ghana or Nigeria, informal transports to Eastern European countries have been recognised for decades. This paper describes investigations regarding the characteristics, transhipped amounts as well as the eco-efficiency of informal sector activities originating from Eastern European countries, while thereby highlighting transhipments of used appliances to destination countries and a corresponding sale for reuse. Investigations reveal that a majority of informal collectors originate from Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania and are recognised across Germany. A high WEEE specialisation was determined, whereby average annual transhipped amounts are estimated at 77,000 tons. Collected materials are transhipped and partially sold for reuse. A case study considers the example of Polish informal collectors. The ratio between economic and environmental performance reveal that informal sector reuse activities in Poland achieve a higher environmentally sound performance in comparison to further usage of appliances under consideration. The informal collection of a television in Germany (and subsequent reuse in Poland) causes 8.34 kg less specific CO2 emissions per spend-costs (€) than the production, usage and further use in Poland. Conversely, a further use of a television in Germany only results in 2.2 kg less CO2 emissions per spend-costs (€). These results demonstrate that reuse as a result of informal sector activities can have a positive effect. Future electrical and electronic products available for reuse will have lower energy consumptions. A positive contribution to resource protection is thereby achieved while extending already short life cycles. Taking into account a dependency on collections with respect to their income, a pure ban of informal sector activities would therefore be socially counterproductive. A structured and controlled accomplishment of informal collection processes would open up new opportunities to enlarge the (already existing) concept of reuse at an international level.
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Books on the topic "Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE)"

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Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) handbook. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 2012.

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Noel, Duffy, Cork Institute of Technology. Clean Technology Centre., Ireland Environmental Protection Agency, and Environmental Research Technological Development and Innovation Programme., eds. Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) collection trials in Ireland (2001-WM/MS1-M1): Synthesis report. Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, 2004.

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C, Great Britain Parliament House of Commons European Standing Committee. Waste electrical and electronic equipment: Wednesday 28 March 2001. London: Stationery Office, 2001.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. European Standing Committee C. Waste from electrical and electronic equipment, Wednesday 17 July 2002. London: Stationery Office, 2002.

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Industry, Great Britain Department of Trade and. Consultation paper of 30 July 2004 by the UK Government, Scottish Executive, Welsh Assembly Government and Northern Ireland Administration on the implementation of directives of the European Council and Parliament: 2002/96/EC of 17 January 2003, Waste electricl and electronic equipment (The WEEE directive) & 2202/95/EC of 27 Janary 2003, Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electricl and electronic equipment (The ROHS directive). London: The Department, 2004.

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Sinha, Satish. Waste electrical and electronic equipment: The EU and India, sharing best practices. New Delhi: Toxics Link, 2011.

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Ogilvie, S. M. Recovery of waste from electrical & electronic equipment: Economic & environmental impacts : a report produced for European Commission DG XI. Abingdon: AEA Technology, 1997.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee. End of Life Vehicles Directive and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive: Government reply to the committee's report : eighth special report. London: Stationery Office, 2004.

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Goodship, Vannessa, and Ab Stevels. Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Handbook. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2016.

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Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Handbook. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2016-0-03853-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE)"

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Jin, G. Q., W. D. Li, S. Wang, and S. M. Gao. "A Systematic Selective Disassembly Approach for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)." In Sustainable Manufacturing and Remanufacturing Management, 285–318. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73488-0_12.

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Guo, Xueyi, Yongzhu Zhang, and Kaihua Xu. "Metallurgical Recovery of Metals from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in PRC." In Metal Sustainability, 151–68. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119009115.ch7.

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Poudelet, Louison, Anna Castellví, and Laura Calvo. "An Innovative (DIW-Based) Additive Manufacturing Process." In New Business Models for the Reuse of Secondary Resources from WEEEs, 65–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74886-9_6.

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AbstractThis chapter will describe the activity of Fenix project that consisted in developing the hardware, infrastructure and processes to make possible the re-use of the recycled metals through an Additive Manufacturing (AM) method called Direct Ink Writing (DIW). It will first explain what is DIW and why it is an interesting way to give added value to recycled materials specially metals. It will then focus on the working principles and the parts of a DIW machine and end with a conclusion of the adequacy of this technology to new circular business models for the recycling of Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE).
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Wagner, Florian, Jef Peeters, Jozefien De Keyzer, Joost Duflou, and Wim Dewulf. "Quality Assessment of Plastic Recyclates from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): A Case Study for Desktop Computers, Laptops, and Tablets." In Technologies and Eco-innovation towards Sustainability II, 139–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1196-3_12.

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Kongsricharoen, Nathida, Jayrisa Champa, Navaporn Kanjanasiranont, and Tassanee Prueksasit. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Surface Water and Groundwater from the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Recycling Area in Buriram, Thailand." In Sustainable Development of Water and Environment, 91–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45263-6_9.

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Utimura, S. K., J. A. S. Tenório, and D. C. R. Espinosa. "The Effect of Ethanol Concentration for the Separation of ABS and HIPS from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) by Flotation Technique." In EPD Congress 2014, 173–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118889664.ch21.

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Moraes, Viviane Tavares, Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa, and Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório. "WEEE: Obsolete Mobile Phones Characterization Aiming at Recycling." In Recycling of Electronic Waste II, 89–94. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118086391.ch12.

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Bigum, Marianne, and Thomas H. Christensen. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment." In Solid Waste Technology & Management, 960–70. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470666883.ch59.

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Ziegler, Oliver. "Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment." In EU Regulatory Decision Making and the Role of the United States, 93–141. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00054-7_4.

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Chandrappa, Ramesha, and Diganta Bhusan Das. "Waste From Electrical and Electronic Equipment." In Solid Waste Management, 197–216. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28681-0_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE)"

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Ardi, Romadhani, and Robby Marlon Brando. "Household Consumer Behavior in Disposing WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment)." In ICIBE 2019: 2019 The 5th International Conference on Industrial and Business Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3364335.3364338.

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Kusch, Sigrid. "WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE): A CLOSER LOOK AT PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/41/s18.041.

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"The Management of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) in Bangkok, Thailand." In 6th International Conference on Biological, Chemical & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering (IICBEE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0816218.

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Li, Ying, Jinhui Li, and Lihui Wang. "Recycling of PBDEs Containing Plastics from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE): A Review." In 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebe.2013.62.

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Brando, Robby Marlon, Romadhani Ardi, and Ratna Mayasari. "Conceptual Model of Household Consumer Behavior in Storing WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment)." In APCORISE 2020: 3rd Asia Pacific Conference on Research in Industrial and Systems Engineering 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3400934.3400975.

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Platon, Victor, Simona Frone, Andreea Constantinescu, and Sorina Jurist. "Economic Instruments for WEEE Recycling in Romania." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/37.

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The management of waste electrical and electronic equipment – WEEE, or e-waste represents one of the areas with significant potential for the implementation of economic instruments and it is higly regulated at EU level. Due to their physical characteristics, WEEE is suitable for development of recovery, repair and recycling policies, extension of their life cycle for as long as possible being an objective pursued by the specific mechanisms of circular economy. In this paper, we will look at how Romania manages economic instruments for e-waste recycling, their implementation and potential benefits. We chose for detail the economic instrument known as "The Green Stamp". This fee is assumed by all manufacturers and retailers of EEE. The amounts thus collected are administered by the Romanian Association for Recycling (RoRec) which deals with the collection, dismantling and recycling of WEEE. The ratio between the amounts collected through the green stamp duty and the amounts invested in e-waste reduction activities is a sensitive topic at national level. The exact quantification of WEEE is very difficult: the quantities of electronic products sold at national level (POM- put on market) are very different from the quantity of WEEE registered. The WEEE collection target set at European level is 4 kg / inhabitant and Romania, with only 2.19 kg / inhabitant at the level of 2016 (Eurostat), is far from reaching it.
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Yu, Hao, and Wei Deng Solvang. "A reverse logistics network design model for sustainable treatment of multi-sourced Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)." In 2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2013.6719172.

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Tumkor, Serdar, John W. Sutherland, and Vishesh V. Kumar. "Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recovery and Recycling in Turkey." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81358.

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Discarded electrical and electronic equipment contains valuable materials, low value parts, and hazardous substances. There is a growing concern regarding the management of end-of-use equipment owing to the environmental concerns associated with discarding used devices. Electronic waste or scrap consumes valuable landfill space and may ultimately contaminate groundwater sources. In addition, replacing discarded components with new components typically consumes valuable virgin material resources. With the advent of the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Directive, used electrical and electronic products are now being recovered in Turkey as a European Union (EU) candidate country, and several companies in Turkey have begun to recover latent value through disassembly and reuse/recycling of materials and components. To remain competitive, these companies must implement economical and environmentally responsible recovery processes. There are a number of research challenges associated with product recovery. This paper describes the current product recovery infrastructure in Turkey, and discusses future trends and drivers for successful product take-back.
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Xia, Kai, Liang Gao, Weidong Li, Lihui Wang, and Kuo-Ming Chao. "A Q-Learning Based Selective Disassembly Planning Service in the Cloud Based Remanufacturing System for WEEE." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4008.

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Cloud based approach for remanufacturing is becoming a new technical solution for sustainable management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). This paper presents a service-oriented framework of a Cloud Based Remanufacturing System (CBRS) for WEEE. In remanufacturing of WEEE, disassembly plays an important role. However, complete disassembly is rarely an ideal solution due to the high disassembly cost, with the increasing customization and diversity, and more complex assembly processes of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE). Selective disassembly focusing on disassembling only a few selected components is a better choice. In this paper, a Q-Learning based Selective Disassembly Planning (QL-SDP) approach embedded with a multi-criteria decision making model is developed. The multi-criteria decision making model is built according to the legislative and economic considerations of specific stakeholders of WEEE. And the QL-SDP approach is used to achieve optimized selective disassembly planning. An implementation example has been used to verify and demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the approach. The developed QL-SDP approach is designed as a service implemented in the presented CBRS for WEEE.
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Wang, Xi Vincent, Brenda N. Lopez N., Lihui Wang, Jinhui Li, and Winifred Ijomah. "A Smart Cloud-Based System for the WEEE Recovery/Recycling." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4109.

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Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is both valuable and harmful since it contains a large number of profitable and hazardous materials and elements at the same time. At component level, many parts of the discarded equipment are still functional and recoverable. Thus it is necessary to develop a distributed and intelligent system to support WEEE recovery and recycling. In recent years, the Cloud concept has gained increasing popularity since it provides a service-oriented architecture that integrates various resources over the network. Cloud Manufacturing systems are proposed world-wide to support operational manufacturing processes. In this research, Cloud Manufacturing is further extended to the WEEE recovery and recycling context. A Cloud-based WEEE Recovery system is developed to provide modularized recovery services on the Cloud. A data management system is developed as well, which maintains the knowledge throughout the product lifecycle. A product tracking mechanism is also proposed with the help of the Quick Respond code method.
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Reports on the topic "Electrical and electronic waste (WEEE)"

1

Baxter, John, Margareta Wahlstrom, Malin Zu Castell-Rüdenhausen, and Anna Fråne. Plastic value chains: Case: WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment). Nordic Council of Ministers, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2015-510.

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