Journal articles: 'Electrical Circuits'

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Hidayatulloh, Mukhlis. "DEVELOPING ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS FLIPBOOK USING FLIPBUILDER." International Journal of Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss2.1331.

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The students learning outcome in electrical circuits topic are not satisfied. Then, researchers developed an interesting ebook using Flipbuilder that integrated with PhET Simulation software, called electric circuit flipbook. The objectives of this study are: (1) Describing the validity of flipbook based on three lecturers and three teachers; (2) Describing the practicality of flipbook from students respons questionnaire; and (3) Describing the effectiveness of the Electric Circuit Flipbook based on the improvement of student learning outcomes. The development of Electric Circuit Flipbook used ADDIE model. The instruments used are: material, media, and language validation sheet; questionnaire of student responses; and learning outcomes test. The results showed that: (1) The validity of the Electric Circuit Flipbook is very feasible; (2) The practicality of the flipbook is in very practical category; and (3) Flipbook effectiveness is in very effective category. Flipbook electrical circuits developed is eligible to use as a learning medium

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Reljin, Branimir, Slavica Ristić, and Milesa Srećković. "Analysis of Some Physical Phenomena and Processes by Equivalent Electrical Circuits." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 33, no. 4 (October 1996): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099603300407.

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Analysis of some physical phenomena and processes by equivalent electrical circuits Electric circuit analysis is a very powerful tool solving many complex problems. Consequently, most non-electrical problems can be efficiently resolved if they are modelled, first, by appropriate electric circuits. In this paper some physical phenomena (in thermodynamics, optics and dynamics of fluids) are chosen to illustrate the above statement. The modelling procedure exposed can also be extended to other problems in science.

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SKRYPNYK, S., and A. SHEINA. "Short circuits currents comparison of 6 (10) kV and 20 kV." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 14, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2020-1-21-26.

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Most failures in electrical installations are caused by short circuits (short circuits), which occur as a result of a failure in the electrical strength of the insulation of the conductive parts. A short circuit is an electrical connection of two points of an electric circuit with different values of potential, which is not provided by the design of the device, which interferes with its normal operation. Short circuits may result from a failure of the insulation of the current-carrying elements or the mechanical contact of the non- insulated elements. Also called a short circuit is a condition where the load resistance is less than the internal resistance of the power source. The reasons for such violations are various: aging of insulation, breakages of wires of overhead transmission lines, mechanical damages of isolation of cable lines at ground works, lightning strikes in the transmission line and others. Most often, short-circuits occur through transient resistance, such as through the resistance of an electric arc that occurs at the point of damage to the insulation. Sometimes there are metallic short circuits in which the resistance of the electric arc is very small. The study of short circuits in the power grid is a major step in the design of modern electrical networks. The research is conducted using computer software, first by modeling the system and then simulating errors. A malfunction usually leads to an increase in the current flowing in the lines, and failure to provide reliable protection can result in damage to the power unit. Thus, short-circuit calculations are the primary consideration when designing, upgrading, or expanding a power system. The three-phase short circuit is the least likely. However, in many cases, the three-phase short circuit is associated with the most severe consequences, as it causes the highest power imbalances on the shafts of the generators. The study of transients begins with the mode of three-phase closure due to its relative simplicity in comparison with other types of asymmetry. In most cases, the analysis and calculation of the transient regime of the electrical system involves the preparation of a calculated scheme of substitution, in which the parameters of its elements are determined in named or relative units. The electrical substitution circuitry is used to further study the transients in the power system. The definition of electrical and electromagnetic quantities in relative units is widely used in the theory of electric machines. This is because it significantly simplifies the theoretical calculations and gives the results a generalized view in the practical calculations of currents and residual voltages at the short circuit. By the relative value of any value is understood as its relation to another value of the same name, taken as the base. So, before presenting any quantities in relative units, we need to choose the basic units. In the electrical system with increased voltages, the overall load capacity of the network increases, which in turn makes it possible to supply high-quality electrical energy over a greater distance. In the process of comparing the type of transmission lines, it should be noted that the advantages of the cable transmission line. According to the results of the calculation of short-circuit currents, it can be concluded that in networks with a larger line cross-section and a higher voltage, the short-circuit currents are larger. Thus, during the transition of the electric networks to the higher voltage class of 20 kV, the currents of the KZ increased by 43% compared to the 6 kV electric network. This analysis shows that the importance of reliable power supply in the power supply system for high voltage classes must be high and have equipment to prevent emergencies. In the future, it is planned to develop a systematic calculation of short-circuit currents for a number of transmission lines and to conduct mathematical modeling in the system of applications for the study of transient processes at short circuits.

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Kaczorek, Tadeusz. "Singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuits." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-011-0028-8.

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Singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuitsA new class of singular fractional linear systems and electrical circuits is introduced. Using the Caputo definition of the fractional derivative, the Weierstrass regular pencil decomposition and the Laplace transformation, the solution to the state equation of singular fractional linear systems is derived. It is shown that every electrical circuit is a singular fractional system if it contains at least one mesh consisting of branches only with an ideal supercapacitor and voltage sources or at least one node with branches with supercoils.

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Matveenko, Valerii, Maksim Iurlov, Dmitrii Oshmarin, Nataliya Sevodina, and Nataliia Iurlova. "Modelling of vibrational processes in systems with piezoelements and external electric circuits on the basis of their electrical analogue." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 16 (June 11, 2018): 3254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18781025.

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The dissipative properties of electromechanical systems based on structure with elements made of piezomaterial can be controlled by attaching external electric circuits to the piezoelements. One can change electric circuit parameters in such a way as to ensure the greatest possible energy dissipation on an external electric circuit and, thereby, the best damping of the system’s specified oscillation frequency. Since the external electric circuits are a collection of elements with lumped parameters attached to a system with distributed parameters, the solution for such a system of electro-viscoelasticity problems in the complete formulation by the finite element method leads to a large solving system of algebraic equations. The solution of this system requires considerable time and computational resources. There are known approaches in mechanics that make it possible to represent mechanical systems with distributed parameters in the form of discrete systems with lumped parameters, such as a spring–mass–damper. In this article, it is proposed to model electromechanical systems with external electric circuits based on their electrical analogue in the form of equivalent electric substitution circuits, which are discrete electrical systems with lumped parameters. These discrete systems are analogues of the initial electromechanical systems in terms of frequency characteristics and the electrical processes that take place in them. The equivalent substitution circuit is based on the Van Dyke model and allows one to obtain the required number of complex eigenfrequencies of the electromechanical system under consideration.

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Lebedev, Ivan, Nikolay Savelov, and Sergey Basan. "A New Approach to the Formation of Test Mathematical Models of Complex Electrical Circuits." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 64, no. 6 (2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2021-6-5-11.

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When developing new methods for analyzing electrical circuits and comparing various already developed methods, one of the actual problems is the creation of tests for evaluating the effectiveness of algorithms. For such tests, it is advisable to use schemes of complex circuits. However, with an increase in the number of circuit elements, the development of a circuit diagram, preparation of initial data for mathematical modeling and vis-ual presentation of the circuit become more and more difficult. To solve these problems, it is proposed to use pre-ordered electrical circuits. An algorithm for the formation of mathematical models of circuits with an almost unlimited number of elements is proposed. Experiments on the formation and application of mathematical models of electrical circuits containing more than five hundred elements have been carried out. The generated mathematical models are used to evaluate a specific algorithm for analyzing electrical circuits.

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Curti, Sebastian, Federico Davoine, and Antonella Dapino. "Function and Plasticity of Electrical Synapses in the Mammalian Brain: Role of Non-Junctional Mechanisms." Biology 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010081.

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Electrical transmission between neurons is largely mediated by gap junctions. These junctions allow the direct flow of electric current between neurons, and in mammals, they are mostly composed of the protein connexin36. Circuits of electrically coupled neurons are widespread in these animals. Plus, experimental and theoretical evidence supports the notion that, beyond synchronicity, these circuits are able to perform sophisticated operations such as lateral excitation and inhibition, noise reduction, as well as the ability to selectively respond upon coincident excitatory inputs. Although once considered stereotyped and unmodifiable, we now know that electrical synapses are subject to modulation and, by reconfiguring neural circuits, these modulations can alter relevant operations. The strength of electrical synapses depends on the gap junction resistance, as well as on its functional interaction with the electrophysiological properties of coupled neurons. In particular, voltage and ligand gated channels of the non-synaptic membrane critically determine the efficacy of transmission at these contacts. Consistently, modulatory actions on these channels have been shown to represent relevant mechanisms of plasticity of electrical synaptic transmission. Here, we review recent evidence on the regulation of electrical synapses of mammals, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the possible ways in which they affect circuit function.

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Kaczorek, Tadeusz. "Positive electrical circuits and their reachability." Archives of Electrical Engineering 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 283–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10171-011-0026-3.

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Positive electrical circuits and their reachabilityConditions for the positivity of linear electrical circuits composed of resistances, coils, capacitors and voltage (current) sources are established. It is shown that: 1) the electrical circuit composed of resistors, coils and voltage source is positive for any values of their resistances, inductances and source voltages if and only if the number of coils is less or equal to the number of its linearly independent meshes, 2) the electrical circuit is not positive for any values of its resistances, capacitances and source voltages if each its branch contains resistor, capacitor and voltage source, 3) the positiven-meshes electrical circuit with only one inductance in each linearly independent mesh is reachable if all resistances of branches belonging to two linearly independent meshes are zero.

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Modes, Christina, Melanie Bawohl, Jochen Langer, Jessica Reitz, Anja Eisert, Mark Challingsworth, Virginia Garcia, and Sarah Groman. "Thick Film Pastes for Power Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, CICMT (September 1, 2013): 000155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-wp24.

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Electronic circuits made by thick film technology are commonly used today in electronic circuitry for automotive applications. Densely packed multi-layer hybrid circuits are very well established for motor and transmission management in standard gasoline fuelled vehicles. As automotive technology shifts from mechanical systems to electrical systems and toward more electrically driven vehicles, such as hybrid electric vehicles and full electric vehicles, thick film systems need to be adapted to fit the challenges and needs of these new applications. The following is a description of a new set of thick film pastes, both precious and base metal, which have attributes and performance suitable for power electronics in automotive applications. The materials provide a means to use common thick film technology to build power circuits to meet the new needs, such as high current carrying capacity and thermal dissipation.

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BERKOVICH, YEFIM, ARIEH SHENKMAN, and SAAD TAPUCHI. "GENERALIZED ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS BY USING HYPERNION MATRICES." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 18, no. 07 (November 2009): 1205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126609005629.

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In this paper a novel method for circuit analysis is proposed. It is based on using symbolic analysis in matrix form, which is especially appropriate for repetitive similar calculations of the same circuit. This method, which applies hyper-complex numbers (hypernions), was first developed by the authors for analyzing the non-sinusoidal operation of electrical circuits. Now, the method has been extended to the analysis of electronic/switching circuits in which the sources and/or the parameters are step-wisely changed as a result of switching. Such circuits are common in different kinds of DC-DC converters (such as Buck, Boost, Cuk, etc.). The proposed method gives a new approach to the analysis of the above circuits by opening the possibility of treating them in a general-analytical form, just like in regular electrical circuits having a constant configuration and constant parameters. The computation of such kinds of circuits by using the proposed method becomes very simple, since the circuit does not have to be analyzed many times, each time for a different configuration, but all at once by performing a parallel computation. The theoretical presentation is accompanied by numerical examples.

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Titus, Roshaun, Rosario Gerhardt, and James Elliott Fowler. "Effect of Humidity on the Electrical Response of Interdigitated Circuit Patterns." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 6 (October 9, 2022): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-026595mtgabs.

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Environmental factors can play a significant role on the performance of electronic devices. This can be controlled for by designing electronic components with materials that operate suitably under the working conditions of a device. Humidity is a highly variable factor that is unavoidable in ambient conditions, capable of affecting the electrical performance of components especially when they are hydrophilic in nature. Components with such properties can allow water molecules to either permeate through or reside on the circuit surfaces over time. Due to this, it is expected that the relative humidity in the environment of hydrophilic components will vary the circuit’s performance. Previous work [1] was conducted at a single humidity of 50%RH to assess the repeatability of the measured properties. In this study, interdigitated circuits were characterized using impedance spectroscopy at multiple relative humidity levels under a fixed temperature over a frequency range of 100 mHz to 10 MHz. Five interdigitated identical circuits were fabricated on a single solder coated circuit board, followed by no additional surface treatments. The circuits on these uncoated solder boards exhibit capacitive behavior at low humidity levels as expected. With increasing relative humidity, the circuit response transitions towards resistive behavior while exhibiting a reduction in real and imaginary impedance due to increased water molecule concentration at the interfaces of the circuit. Nyquist plots exhibit this transformation as the forming of a semicircle that decreases in size with increased humidity. When the impedance data is converted to the electrical modulus formalism [2], humidity increases result in the formation of peaks in the imaginary electric modulus function as shown in Figure 1. The surface topology of the different circuits, consisting of 50 electrodes each, was examined to better understand the significant effect of relative humidity on the impedance response of the circuit. Using optical and laser microscopy, it was found that the solder coat and interdigitated combs on the uncoated boards are porous in nature and have repeated units of inhomogeneous topologies, leaving many opportunities for water to gather or permeate at surfaces between the interdigitated combs. Five distinctive regions were found to repeat across the width of the circuits. Due to this, surface roughness parameters were also examined to investigate the possible link between topology and impedance response found. Figure 1

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Alsaedi, Ahmed, Juan J. Nieto, and V. Venktesh. "Fractional electrical circuits." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 7, no. 12 (December 2015): 168781401561812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814015618127.

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Malik, Adam, Muhamad Dudi Asyidik, Kusmi Heni Nursamsika, Rifadiyah Nurul Khotimah, and Rismaya Fitriyani. "Learning Ohm's Law through Electric Puzzle Media." Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/1.06208.

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Electrical circuit components or electronic circuits can be connected with series and parallel circuits. The arrangement of the circuit can affect the desired lamp characteristics. This study aims to measure the magnitude of resistance in an electrical circuit, analyze the flame of a series and parallel resistance, explore the relationship between voltage (V) with current (I) in series and parallel circuits. The method research used quantitative methods based on the problem-solving laboratory. The laboratory equipment used consists of a battery, incandescent lamps, resistors, stacking and zinc puzzles, multimeters, jumper cables. The laboratory equipment assembled and measured the intensity of the light produced using the physics toolbox application on a handphone. The data has obtained, then presented in a table and calculated using a formula, and analyzed the uncertainty in its measurement. The result showed the intensity of light in a series of different magnitude, the power of the light was more significant in lamp one, and in lamp two, the power was smaller. The intensity of the light in the parallel circuit was the same magnitude. Still, the value of the light intensity in the parallel circuit was smaller than the intensity in the lamps arranged in series. The relationship between voltage (V) and current (I) in both series and parallel circuits was comparable and directly proportional. Thus, the developed series of electric puzzles can adequately explain Ohm’s law. Ohm’s law learning with electric puzzles can be used in school and learned by students quickly.

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Zhang, Meng. "Nonlinear Resistance Circuit Subsection Linearity Decomposition Fitting Analysis." Modern Electronic Technology 1, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/met.v1i1.518.

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The analysis of circuits is frequently required in the electricity of physics. When analyzing circuits, the general idea is to study the issues related to nonlinear resistance circuits based on commonly used physical and electrical theory. Generally, circuits can be divided into linear resistance circuits and nonlinear resistance circuits. However, for some nonlinear resistance circuit, a small part of them are decomposed through subsection linearity while most of them are adopted the form of hieroglyph combination for subsection decomposition fitting analysis. For the following contents, the author will adopt curve layout method to analyze nonlinear resistance element and relation characteristics of voltage and current; to state the characteristics and nature of common electronic elements in our life, and concepts of concave resistance and convex resistance; to analyze the characteristics of nonlinear resistance circuits through electrical circuit analysis method based on the electrical theorem of physics; finally, to analyze referring to actual cases,study the veracity, verify the feasibility and scientificity of the adopted analytical approach, apply image graphics of the resistance circuits in the convenient way to solve complicated design problems among actual electrical problems.

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Kumar, Umesh. "A Retrospection of Chaotic Phenomena in Electrical Systems." Active and Passive Electronic Components 21, no. 1 (1998): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/32462.

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In the last decade new phenomena have been observed in all areas of non linear dynamics, principal among these being ‘Chaotic phenomena’. Chaos has been reported virtually from every scientific discipline. This paper summarizes a study of the chaotic phenomena in electrical systems and attempts to translate the mathematical ideas and techniques into language that engineers and applied scientists can use to study ‘Chaos’. Towards this end, the paper has summarized the study of chaos in several examples like Chua’s circuit family; Folded Torus circuit; non-autonomous circuits; switched capacitor circuits and hyper-chaos circuits. As observed in power systems, control systems and digital filters, chaos has been exhibited and shown on examples.

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Bulucea, Cornelia A., Constantin Brindusa, Doru A. Nicola, Nikos E. Mastorakis, Carmen A. Bulucea, and Philippe Dondon. "Evaluating through mathematical modelling the power equipment busbars electrodynamic strength under sudden short-circuit conditions." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821002004.

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The electrodynamic strength, as forces acting between the current-carrying electric circuits are exerted as long as the currents exist, and have the tendency of deformation and displacement of the circuits. In short-circuit regimes the strength in electrical equipment becomes severe. For instance, short-circuits highly affect power transformers connected to power transmission lines. The effects are also strong because of mechanical deformations occurring in the power transformer connection part. In line with this idea, in this paper it is made an analytical study upon the a.c. single-phase and a.c. three-phase electric circuits, taking into account the current instantaneous maximum value. The paper also entails numerical simulations of electrodynamic strength in power transformer busbars under short-circuit conditions. MATLAB software, with its specific extensions, enable simulation models to generate the charts of the electrodynamic forces in the power transformer connection bars.

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Podbereznaya, Irina, and Aleksandr Tkachev. "Simulation of Ferroresonance Modes in Nonlinear Electrical Circuits Taking Into Account Magnetic Hysteresis." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 65, no. 1 (2022): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2022-1-13-24.

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The article provides a solution to the problem of numerical simulation of the resonant modes of voltages and cur-rents in electrical circuits arising from the serial and parallel connection of nonlinear inductive and capacitive elements. The Weber-ampere characteristic of the inductive element is set taking into account the hysteresis. Fer-roresonance modes arise in electrical circuits containing capacitive and nonlinear inductive elements, including power transformers, arc-extinguishing reactors, current and voltage measuring transformers, electric motors. The nonlinearity of the characteristics of inductive elements is the reason that when their magnetic systems are saturated, differential inductances change, resulting in ferroresonance, often abnormal and even emergency modes. A modified inverse Jiles-Atherton model is used to simulate magnetic hysteresis. Numerical integration of differential equations describing dynamic processes in electrical circuits is performed by the explicit Euler meth-od. As a result of the calculations performed, it is shown that as a result of ferroresonance, a trigger effect oc-curs, which manifests itself in the form of an abrupt change in the state of the circuit caused by the ambiguous nature of the volt-ampere characteristic for the input voltage and current. The proposed method of modeling transient and steady-state modes in nonlinear electrical circuits, taking into account magnetic hysteresis, can be generalized to the case of arbitrary circuits, including those with complex topology.

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Jones, Andrew, and Vinod Sikka. "Superhydrophobic Coatings on Electronic Components." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 000113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-ta3-paper6.

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Superhydrophobic coatings provide exceptional protection to electrical circuits, switches, and other electrical devices which operate in wet environments, such as food processing plants or outdoor applications. Among various electrical device applications, electric motors and electrical switches have been successfully tested in the field at two food processors for nearly 20 months with exceptionally good results. Coated microelectronic circuit board has been in operation without any incidence for over 1 year.

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Marin, Cornel, and Ion Florin Popa. "Direct / Reverse Analogy between Mechanical System and RLC Series / Paralel Alternative Current Circuits - AC." Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics 17, no. 16 (May 1, 2019): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsmm-2019-0009.

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Abstract There is a direct analogy between the mechanical and electrical phenomena related to vibrations and electromagnetic oscillations in the RLC series AC circuits and an inverse analogy to the electromagnetic oscillations in the RLC parallel alternative current (AC) circuits. Direct analogy RLC series AC circuit refers to the connection between complex velocity and complex electrical intensity, mechanical impedance and electrical impedance, etc. Reverse analogy RLC parallel AC circuits refers to the connection between complex velocity and complex electrical voltage, mechanical impedance and electrical admission, etc.

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Basan, S. N., V. V. Pivnev, and E. S. Basan. "SOME CONSEQUENCES OF THE LINEARITY PROPERTY IN THE THEORY OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS." Globus: technical sciences 8, no. 2(43) (May 19, 2022): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2713-3079-43-2-5.

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The report is devoted to new possibilities of using the principle of superposition for the analysis of processes in linear electrical circuits. New properties of linear electric circuits are described. The application of the Kirchhoff scheme to the operator transmission coefficients in electrical circuits with one device of electrical energy is considered.

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Lobodzinskiy, Vadim, Valeriy Chybelis, Oleg Petruchenko, Olga Illina, Yuliya Chunyak, and Viktoriia Babenko. "FEATURES OF TRANSIENT RESEARCH IN THREE-PHASE HIGH-VOLTAGE POWER TRANSMISSION CABLE LINES." ГРААЛЬ НАУКИ, no. 6 (July 4, 2021): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.25.06.2021.025.

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The methods of analysis of transients in three-phase circuits with distributed parameters and interphase connections are considered on the basis of representation of such circuits by multipoles, finding their corresponding concentrated parameters and determination of boundary and initial conditions of transients. The formulation of this scientific problem is justified by the current trend in theoretical electrical engineering to consider multiphase circuits as a series-parallel connection of different n-poles, which improves the calculation of transient electromagneticprocesses in multiphase circuits with distributed parameters and interphase connections. Using thetheory of multipoles allows us to represent the elements of the electric circuit by macromodels thatreflect their external connections and the impact on the rest of the circuit. The main difficulty inapplying this principle is to resolve emerging electromagnetic bonds.

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Tantrairatn, Suradet, Paphakorn Pitayachaval, Sirisak Rangklang, and Jiraphon Srisertpol. "A Comparison of Cover Coat Methods for Electronic Flexible Printed Circuit (E-FPC) Based on Peeling Strength." Advanced Materials Research 421 (December 2011): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.421.489.

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In electronic flexible printed circuit (E-FPC) manufacturing procedure, the cover laminating process in which the line circuit (copper wire) is covered with hot cover layer on the printed circuits is importance process. This process will help to increase elasticity, strength and corrosion protection to the product therefore this process can affect directly to quality of the printed circuit. The process for laminating printed circuits can be classified into two methods by coating with industry iron and hot bar machine. This article compares the quality of the electrical circuit between industry iron and hot bar machine methods in the cover coating process by using Peeling Strength to indicate the quality in the same temperature and time condition. The experimental result illustrates the electrical circuits using the hot bar machine method give Peeling Strength value in the acceptable range and the laminating surface of circuits is smooth and uniform. On the other hand, Peel Strength value of electrical circuits using the industry iron method is unsteady and lower than the acceptable range. Moreover the result circuit product has wrinkled coating surface and become the waste product.

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BERSHADSKIY, Il'ya A., Aleksandr Yu GLADKOV, and Vladimir V. IVANILOV. "Analysis of Electrical Explosion Safety Based on Dynamic Electrical Circuit Switching Discharge Models." Elektrichestvo, no. 2 (2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2022-2-19-28.

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A mathematical model describing a switching arc discharge in an RL electric circuit based on the Mayr equation is developed and tested. The body of mathematics representing an arc discharge appearing in an RL circuit that takes into account the dynamic current-voltage arc characteristic and arc thermal processes is described. The results from calculating the arc thermal inertia constant for the switching period for a resistive circuit by several known methods, including the values obtained during simulation, are given. It has been found that the arc discharge model that takes into account the arc thermal inertia constant dynamics calculated from the instantaneous values of the average discharge power (taking the cathode losses into account) gives better convergence of the simulation results. An improved mathematical model of discharge in resistive and inductive electrical circuits is proposed, which makes it possible to refine the well-known method for quantifying their intrinsic safety. The convergence with the minimal igniting parameters obtained experimentally for similar circuits is analyzed.

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Chu, Kunmo, Byong Gwon Song, Yongsung Kim, and Chang Seung Lee. "Smart Passivation Materials with a Microencapsulated Liquid Metal for Self-Healing Conductors in Sustainable Electronic Devices." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 000293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000293.

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Abstract Passivation and self-healing of electric circuits are of importance in the area of electronic packaging for improving durability of devices. In particular, flexible or stretchable devices are vulnerable to mechanical stimuli, such as cutting, piercing, scratching, and pressing. The damage to a circuit results in the breakdown of devices. Therefore, a passivation layer has been essential to preserve the soft circuits and provide self-healing of the electrical pathways after they are damaged.

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Warsza, Zygmunt, and Jacek Puchalski. "UNCERTAINTIES OF MULTIVARIABLE INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF DC ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 79, no. 4 (2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2018.04.065.

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Tykhovod, Sergii, and Ihor Orlovskyi. "Development and Research of Method in the Calculation of Transients in Electrical Circuits Based on Polynomials." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 8550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228550.

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Long electromagnetic transients occur in electrical systems because of switching and impulse actions As a result, the simulation time of such processes can be long, which is undesirable. Simulation time is significantly increased if the circuit in the study is complex, and also if this circuit is described by a rigid system of state equations. Modern requests of design engineers require an increase in the speed of calculations for realizing a real-time simulation. This work is devoted to the development of a unified spectral method for calculating electromagnetic transients in electrical circuits based on the representation of solution functions by series in algebraic and orthogonal polynomials. The purpose of the work is to offer electrical engineers a method that can significantly reduce the time for modeling transients in electrical circuits. Research methods. Approximation of functions by orthogonal polynomials, numerical methods for integrating differential equations, matrix methods, programming and theory of electrical circuits. Obtained results. Methods for calculating transients in electrical circuits based on the approximation of solution functions by series in algebraic polynomials as well as in the Chebyshev, Hermite and Legendre polynomials, have been developed and investigated. The proposed method made it possible to convert integro-differential equations of state into linear algebraic equations for images of time-dependent functions. The developed circuit model simplifies the calculation method. The images of true current functions are interpreted as direct currents in the proposed equivalent circuit. A computer program for simulating the transient process in an electrical circuit was developed on the basis of the described methods. The performed comparison of methods made it possible to choose the best method and a way to use it. The advantages of the presented method over other known methods are to reduce the simulation time of electromagnetic transients (for the considered examples by more than 6 times) while ensuring the required accuracy. The calculation of the process in the circuit over a long time interval showed a decrease and stabilization of errors, which indicates the prospects for using research methods for calculating complex electrical circuits.

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Anita, Anita, Sy Lukman Hakim Assagaf, and Boisandi Boisandi. "The Understanding of Pre-Service Physics Teachers on Electric Circuit Concept." Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/1.04209.

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The purpose of this research was to find out the descriptive of pre-service physics teachers understanding of the concept of electrical circuits, especially in the characteristic of series circuits and parallel circuits. The method used in this research was a descriptive method. The sample of this research was the fourth-grade students who took Basic Electronics course. The primary data of this research collected from the studentsâ€™ test consisted of 12 multiple choices. Data analysis concluded that the studentâ€™s understanding of the concept of the electric circuit was low, with an average percentage of total indicators of 84.4%.

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Chatzarakis, George E., P. G. Cottis, Marina D. Tortoreli, P. B. Malatestas, N. J. Kolliopoulos, and Spiros N. Livieratos. "Powerful Pedagogical Approaches for Finding Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits for Linear Electric Circuits." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 42, no. 4 (October 2005): 350–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.42.4.6.

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This paper presents two powerful pedagogical approaches for finding Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits for d.c. linear electric circuits. These approaches are based solely on mesh analysis (for planar circuits) and on nodal analysis (for planar or nonplanar circuits) and simultaneously provide all equivalent circuit parameters from one circuit.

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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "RANCANGAN RANGKAIAN ANTI BOUNCING UNTUK RANGKAIAN DIGITAL." Sutet 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/sutet.v7i1.168.

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Push-On switches or toggle switches and mechanical relays are mechanical contacts made of metal which, when supplied with electric current, will result in a spike of electrical sparks, called Bouncing Effects. Bounce effects are often a problem in digital circuits, especially in digital electronics circuits, because these Bounce Effects will cause the value of data or signals coming into the circuit inaccurate or indeterminate, when the mechanical switch is pressed as input data. This will undoubtedly lead to undesirable conditions and must be overcome with an electronic circuit called De-Bounce for the data or input signal to be more certain.

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NAKKEERAN, K. "MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION SOLVING ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 18, no. 05 (August 2009): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126609005484.

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We show that the working principle of the differential equation solving analog electrical circuits is exactly the same as the Picard's method available for numerically solving the ordinary differential equations. The integrator circuit (low-pass filter) uses an initial condition and electrical input signal to generate the Maclaurin's series of a time varying function in recursion. This direct connection between the differential equation solving electrical circuits and Picard's method can be exploited to simplify the procedure of Picard's method to solve any order linear and nonlinear differential equations.

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Sindler, Yuri, and Simon Lineykin. "Static, Dynamic, and Signal-to-Noise Analysis of a Solid-State Magnetoelectric (Me) Sensor with a Spice-Based Circuit Simulator." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 24, 2022): 5514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155514.

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Modeling the non-electrical processes by equivalent electrical circuits is a widely known and successfully used technique in research and development. Although finite element methods software development has supplanted electrical analogy techniques due to greater accuracy and intuitiveness in recent decades, the modeling of physical processes based on analogies has several advantages in some cases. Representation of physical processes in the form of lumped circuits and graphs allows researchers to estimate the system with an alternative view, use standardized methods for solving electrical circuits for non-electrical systems, and, most importantly, allows us to use electrical circuit simulators with their unique capabilities. Of particular interest for using the analogy technique are systems that include electronic components along with components belonging to other physical domains, such as mechanical, thermal, magnetic, and others. A solid-state magnetoelectric (ME) sensor equipped with a charge amplifier is proposed in this study as an example of analysis using the equivalent electrical circuit and simulating these circuits using SPICE-based circuit simulators. Sensor analysis is conducted with an emphasis on noise budgeting and optimizing the sensor’s signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. In addition, the steady state, the phasor, and transient types of analyses were employed to study the static and dynamic behavior of the system. Validation of the model using analytical calculations and comparison with experimental data demonstrated superior results.

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Yagodkin, A., V. Zolnikov, Tatyana Skvortsova, A. Achkasov, Sergey Kuznecov, and F. Makarenko. "Development of algorithms and programs for the analysis of electrical characteristics BIS." Modeling of systems and processes 15, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2219-0767-2022-15-4-136-148.

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Modern mathematical models for automatic analysis of electrical characteristics of integrated circuits are considered. The requirements for the analysis programs are formulated. A comparative analysis of machine methods for calculating integrated circuits is carried out in terms of their accuracy, RAM volumes and calculation time. The features of the development of modern automation tools for designing integrated circuits are considered. One of the main tasks of designing an integrated circuit is a schematic analysis, which must be carried out both at the preliminary stage and after the development of the integrated circuit topology. However, it is possible to identify the main re-quirements that a modern analysis program must meet: reliability - stable calculation of a wide class of electronic circuits, obtaining solutions even for poorly conditioned tasks; high performance - this requirement is especially important when calculating BIS, in tasks of multivariate analysis, such as statistical analysis, and optimization; low costs of machine memory and expansion of the maximum permissible complexity of the analyzed circuits; flexibility, the possibility of making changes to the program, in particular, the replacement of mathematical models of circuit components, the introduction of new models, the improvement of the computational algorithm, the inclusion of the pro-gram in more complex programs, etc.; the availability of convenient input and output of initial information.

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Dolin, Georgy A., and Anastasiya Y. Kudryashova. "Modified Methods of Circuit Simulation of Radio Engineering Devices in The Time Domain." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 6, no. 2 (2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2020-6-2-7-11.

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Today, different modeling methods are used for computer analysis of circuits of radio engineering devices (RED) in the time and frequency domains. The article provides a comparison and highlights the features of using the methods of nodal potentials and variable states. Developed methods of optimization of electrical circuits and discusses the possibility of calculating the margin of stability when changing the parameters of the circuit elements and the search of critical parameter values; theoretically and experimentally confirmed the advantages of using MEAs in the analysis of RED; proposed and implemented ways to eliminate the major disadvantages of the IPU; expanded and improved methods for obtaining the mathematical model of the circuit; the mathematical method allows to obtain the characteristic polynomial of a circuit without calculating its transfer function; the developed block for processing parameters of electrical circuit elements using scaling coefficients can significantly improve the accuracy of calculations; the use of speed-optimized algorithms makes it possible to analyze fairly complex circuits on a medium-performance PC. Developed software allows to analyze a wide class of linear, linearized, and nonlinear circuits for the RED, containing the active elements. The analysis of real electrical circuits proves the validity of all the proposed methods.

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Kaczorek, Tadeusz. "Minimum energy control of fractional positive electrical circuits." Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0013.

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Abstract Minimum energy control problem for the fractional positive electrical circuits is formulated and solved. Sufficient conditions for the existence of solution to the problem are established. A procedure for solving of the problem is proposed and illustrated by an example of fractional positive electrical circuit.

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Kaczorek, Tadeusz. "Normal positive electrical circuits." IET Control Theory & Applications 9, no. 5 (March 19, 2015): 691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2014.0183.

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Terry, Colin. "Black‐box electrical circuits." Physics Teacher 33, no. 6 (September 1995): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2344247.

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Vion, D., A. Aassime, A. Cottet, P. Joyez, H. Pothier, M. H. Devoret, C. Urbina, and D. Esteve. "Towards quantum electrical circuits." Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 18, no. 1-3 (May 2003): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-9477(02)00933-5.

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Narayanan, Hariharan, and H. Narayanan. "Higher Dimensional Electrical Circuits." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 39, no. 4 (August 16, 2019): 1770–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-019-01236-5.

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Abdullazyanov, E. Yu, E. I. Gracheva, A. N. Gorlov, Z. M. Shakurova, T. V. Tabachnikova, and S. Valtchev. "Algorithms for estimating equivalent resistances of in-plant electrical networks." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 23, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2021-23-4-3-13.

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THE PURPOSE. Investigation of the degree of influence of the characteristics of in- plant electrical networks on the reliability of the results in the algorithms for estimating equivalent resistances. METHODS. When solving this problem, a study of the radial power supply scheme of the tool shop section was carried out with the calculation and modeling of equivalent and reference values of the circuit resistances. Algorithms and methods for estimating the values of equivalent resistances have been developed, taking into account the main technical characteristics of in-plant networks.RESULTS. The data of calculations of the equivalent resistance values of the circuits with an assessment of the heating factor of the conductors and the resistance factor of the contact devices are analyzed. The proportions of the influence of the resistances of the contact equipment and lines, taking into account the number of electric power receivers connected to the power point, on the value of the equivalent resistances of the circuit are revealed. CONCLUSION. The article develops algorithms for estimating the values of equivalent resistances of in-plant power supply circuits. Nomograms are presented that take into account the number and length of the circuit lines with the allocation of the zone of accounting for the resistances of contact equipment in the equivalent resistances of the circuits. The obtained algorithms and results are recommended to be used to clarify the amount of power and electrical energy losses in the intra- factory networks, which will increase the reliability of calculations.

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Pahlavani, H. "Josephson junction in the quantum mesoscopic electric circuits with charge discreteness." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 11 (April 16, 2018): 1850127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218501278.

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A quantum mesoscopic electrical LC-circuit with charge discreteness including a Josephson junction is considered and a nonlinear Hamiltonian that describing the dynamic of such circuit is introduced. The quantum dynamical behavior (persistent current probability) is studied in the charge and phase regimes by numerical solution approaches. The time evolution of charge and current, number-difference and the bosonic phase and also the energy spectrum of a quantum mesoscopic electric LC-circuit with charge discreteness that coupled with a Josephson junction device are investigated. We show the role of the coupling energy and the electrostatic Coulomb energy of the Josephson junction in description of the quantum behavior and the spectral properties of a quantum mesoscopic electrical LC-circuits with charge discreteness.

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Zainal Abidin, A. S., T. B. Sawing, S. Mohamaddan, H. H. A. Halim, J. Annisa, R. Muslimen, M. F. Ashari, and M. S. Jamaludin. "Energy Harvesting from Rotating Motion of In-Pipe Robot Cleaning Device." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 6427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.1.2019.24.0486.

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In-pipe robot (IPR) needs a continuous and constant power supply for its operation. This research is a continuation from the previous IPR: D200 for cleaning operation. The objective of this research is to study the possibility of harvesting electrical energy from IPR and how much electrical output can be generated from the proposed solution. The concept is to re-use kinetic energy from high speed rotation of the IPR cleaning device to be converted into electrical energy which can be used to recharge the main battery. Two types of circuits have been developed namely unregulated charging circuit and regulated charging circuit. Both developed circuits are simulated using Livewire software. The developed circuits are then validated using experiment to measure the output voltage. Simulation results show that the unregulated charging circuit can produce output voltage of 10.90V while regulated charging circuit produces an output voltage of 5.47V. Experiments have confirmed that unregulated charging is able to produce higher voltage of 6.93V as compared to regulated charging circuit. The experimental results are lower than simulation results due to power loss during power transmission of the actual circuits. In the meantime, the unregulated charging circuit produced inconsistent output compared to the regulated charging circuit. Therefore, the regulated charging circuit will be considered for the IPR: D200 applications as well as other similar applications.

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Ran, Manjie, Xiaozhong Liao, Da Lin, and Ruocen Yang. "Analog Realization of Fractional-Order Capacitor and Inductor via the Caputo–Fabrizio Derivative." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 25, no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2021.p0291.

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Capacitors and inductors have been proven to exhibit fractional-order characteristics. Therefore, the establishment of fractional-order models for circuits containing such components is of great significance in practical circuit analysis. This study establishes the impedance models of fractional-order capacitors and inductors based on the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative and performs the analog realization of fractional-order electronic components. The mathematical models of fractional RC, RL, and RLC electrical circuits are deduced and verified via a comparison between the numerical simulation and the corresponding circuit simulation. The electrical characteristics of the fractional circuits are analyzed. This study not only enriches the models of fractional capacitors and inductors, but can also be applied to the description of circuit characteristics to obtain more accurate results.

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Damarwan, E. S., M. L. Hakim, A. S. J. Wardhana, and N. Kholis. "Development of Electrical Circuit Learning Media Using Virtual Simulation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2111, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2111/1/012042.

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Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the world of education. One of the impacts is related to the learning process of electrical circuits. Online lectures make students have difficulty in studying electrical circuit courses. An appropriate learning media is needed as a solution to overcome these problems. This study aims to develop electrical circuit learning media using virtual simulations and determine the feasibility of applying the media. This type of research is research and development with the ADDIE model. The stages of development carried out are Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research was conducted at the Electrical Engineering Education Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, UNY. The virtual simulation used is a Falstad circuit simulation. This simulation can be accessed online or offline. In this research, the focus is on developing learning media using online Falstad simulation. The results showed that 1) the electric circuit learning media using virtual simulations can run well, 2) based on user trials, the electrical circuit learning media using virtual simulation is classified as very feasible.

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Mroczkowski, Paweł, and Mirosław Neska. "Analysis Method for Finding the Sources of Failures in Circuits with a Frequency Converter." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.124.

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The dynamic development of devices that use electrical and electronic components makes it necessary to eliminate sources of interference occurring in circuits with systems of this type. These disturbances adversely affect the correct functioning other systems that work together as a network, as well as equipment located in neighbouring systems. The article presents a method of the analysis of the sources of faults occurring in electrical circuits, using a frequency converter. The discussed principle of the operation of the frequency converter and the impact of disturbances generated by these installations are presented in this article. The evaluation methodology of the installation is presented using the requirements of the Harmonized Standards and the authors’ own solutions. The verification of the method was conducted by applying it to a real electrical circuit. The potential sources of electrical faults were identified that were caused by the frequency converters and its circuit. The developed and presented analysis method of the faults sources can be used for evaluating other circuits of this type in which one of subsystems is a frequency converter circuit.

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Fukushima, Kyosuke, Mahmudul Kabir, Kensuke Kanda, Naoko Obara, Mayuko Fukuyama, and Akira Otsuki. "Simulation of Electrical and Thermal Properties of Granite under the Application of Electrical Pulses Using Equivalent Circuit Models." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031039.

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Since energy efficiency in comminution of ores is as small as 1% using a mechanical crushing process, it is highly demanded to improve its efficiency. Using electrical impulses to selectively liberate valuable minerals from ores can be a solution of this problem. In this work, we developed a simulation method using equivalent circuits of granite to better understand the crushing process with high-voltage (HV) electrical pulses. From our simulation works, we calculated the electric field distributions in granite when an electrical pulse was applied. We also calculated other associated electrical phenomena such as produced heat and temperature changes from the simulation results. A decrease in the electric field was observed in the plagioclase with high electrical conductivity and void space. This suggests that the void volume in each mineral is important in calculating the electrical properties. Our equivalent circuit models considering both the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of a granite can more accurately represent the electrical properties of granite under HV electric pulse application. These results will help us better understand the liberation of minerals from granite by electric pulse application.

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Singh, Jagmeet, Hugh Morison, Zhimu Guo, Bicky A. Marquez, Omid Esmaeeli, Paul R. Prucnal, Lukas Chrostowski, Sudip Shekhar, and Bhavin J. Shastri. "Neuromorphic photonic circuit modeling in Verilog-A." APL Photonics 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 046103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079984.

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One of the significant challenges in neuromorphic photonic architectures is the lack of good tools to simulate large-scale photonic integrated circuits. It is crucial to perform simulations on a single platform to capture the circuit’s behavior in the presence of both optical and electrical components. Here, we adopted a Verilog-A based approach to model neuromorphic photonic circuits by considering both the electrical and optical properties. Verilog-A models for the primary optical devices, such as lasers, couplers, waveguides, phase shifters, and photodetectors, are discussed, along with studying the composite devices such as microring resonators. Model parameters for different optical devices are extracted and tuned by analyzing the measured data. The simulated and experimental results are also compared for validation of Verilog-A models. Finally, a single photonic neuron circuit is simulated by implementing input, weight, and non-linear activation function by using lasers, microring resonators, and modulator, respectively. Electro-optical rapid co-simulation would significantly improve the efficiency of optimizing the devices and provide an accurate simulation of the circuit performance.

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Rath, Miriam, Rosario Gerhardt, and James Elliott Fowler. "Relating Surface Topography to Impedance Behavior in Solder Mask Coated Circuit Boards." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 6 (October 9, 2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-026600mtgabs.

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To manufacture circuit boards, thin film metallic patterns are first designed and deposited onto FR4 substrates to form the circuit electrodes, followed by a subsequent deposition of a solder mask coat to better insulate the electrodes and prevent cross talking between them. Because this manufacturing process can deposit multiple circuits on the same board, it is often assumed that all circuits on the same electrical circuit board are identical and exhibit similar electrical responses. However, the electrical response of circuit boards is a multi-variate function of solder mask heterogeneity, exposure conditions, humidity, type of manufacturing technique, and sample surface topography among other factors. In this paper, identical circuits on the same solder mask coated board demonstrate a “dual” behavior response in its impedance response; a “high impedance” response and a “low impedance” response as seen in Fig. 1. Although this “high” or “low” behavior can be characterized by the impedance magnitude, the impedance phase angle also provides a means to distinguish the dual behavior responses measured. To gain better insight into the factors that drive the resulting impedance behavior measured, circuit topography was characterized to tie surface roughness parameters to electrical measurements. 3D surface profiling was done on five interdigitated circuits containing 25 pairs of electrodes each. All circuits examined were located on the same board and received no exposure treatment to isolate only the relationship between surface topography and impedance behavior. Each circuit examined showed three distinct regions classified by surface height. The tallest region corresponded to the positive electrode, the second tallest region to the negative electrode, and the lowest region to the solder mask. For each region measured on each interdigitated circuit, the surface roughness parameters were calculated using the Keyence VK-X3000 software and then averaged to represent the overall topography of the respective regions. The impedance measurements were then analyzed in the context of the respective region average height profiles and surface roughness parameters for each circuit to find relationships between surface roughness and electrical behavior. This paper introduces a new approach to understanding impedance behavior of solder mask coated circuit boards with respect to the circuit topography and roughness parameters. Figure 1

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Protea, Liviu-Bogdan, and Cristian-Mircea Muscai. "Design of low voltage electrical circuits for industrial receivers." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Engineering 67, no. 1 (November 11, 2022): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeng.2022.1.21.

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The paper presents the creation of a software for designing, verifying and analyzing voltage drops on electrical circuits, taking into account the classic design formulas and also the reactance of low-voltage electric cables. With the help of the application, it is possible to dimension and verify the existing electrical circuits as well as those of the single-wire schemes being designed as a result of the modernization or replacement of equipment in existing distribution networks. The application can be used for designing general consumers or for electrical equipment operated with direct start, star-delta or frequency converter electric motors.

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WAH WU, CHAI, GUO-QUN ZHONG, and LEON O. CHUA. "SYNCHRONIZING NONAUTONOMOUS CHAOTIC SYSTEMS WITHOUT PHASE-LOCKING." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 06, no. 03 (June 1996): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126696000182.

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Pecora and Carroll1 have shown how two nonautonomous chaotic circuits driven by periodic forcing can be synchronized using the master-slave driving principle. However, in their scheme, the periodic forcing in both circuits needs to be phase-locked through some additional circuitry for the system to synchronize. In this paper, we show two ways in which this can be avoided. In the first scheme, the two circuits are connected in a master-slave driving configuration and the periodic forcing is included in the driving signal such that it eliminates the need for the slave circuit to have an external periodic forcing signal. In addition, we can recover the periodic forcing signal at the slave circuit. In the second scheme, the two circuits are connected in a mutual coupling configuration. The two circuits will synchronize regardless of what the periodic forcing signals of the two circuits are. In particular, the two periodic forcing signals could have different phases, different frequencies, or different shapes. We discuss two interpretations of these synchronization schemes. First, we consider them as communication systems when the periodic forcing signal is replaced by a properly encoded information signal. We illustrate this in a physical circuit implementation. Second, we consider them as synchronization schemes for nonidentical systems by considering the external forcing signal as an error signal due to the difference between the two systems.

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Gedeon, Dominik, and Stefan J. Rupitsch. "Finite element based system simulation for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting devices." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 7 (October 9, 2017): 1333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17733328.

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We present a system simulation approach for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting devices. Accurate modeling of the electromechanical structure is achieved by the finite element method. For consideration of power electronic circuits as a means of energy extraction, the finite element model is iteratively coupled to electric circuits via Simulink. The high computational cost of conventional finite element calculations is overcome by a specialized modal truncation method for general linear piezoelectric structures. In doing so, the simulation approach allows efficient prediction of mechanical quantities (e.g. displacements, stresses) as well as electric potentials in the continuum under the influence of arbitrary electrical circuits. Several examples are studied to validate the truncation approach against analytical models and full finite element models. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester in conjunction with a power electronic circuit.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrical Circuits'

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