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1
Farrington, Gregory C. "Making Education in Materials Science and Engineering Attractive to Undergraduate Students." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 8 (August 1990): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400058899.
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Materials research and education is currently one of the liveliest areas of science and engineering and is likely to be so for many decades. It is an outstanding example of an interdisciplinary field; persons who call themselves materials researchers are found in departments of chemistry, physics, metallurgy, ceramics, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering, and also in many departments that now call themselves by the name “materials science and engineering.” The field has grown so rapidly that the term “materials science and engineering,” has many different meanings. In fact, most of the funding that supports materials science and engineering research is awarded to investigators in the more traditional disciplines, and the vast majority of scientists and engineers working in the field were educated in these traditional core disciplines.There is no question that the field of materials science and engineering is a success. However, is materials science and engineering now a discipline as well as a field? Should MS&E departments exist and what should be their educational mission? Should MS&E departments offer undergraduate and graduate majors? These questions are being discussed by many university faculties as they work to devise effective research structures and educational programs to respond to the growth of interest in a field that does not fit neatly into any single traditional discipline, but is far too important to ignore.Recently, the University Materials Council appointed a committee to consider these issues and specifically address the challenge of creating effective, attractive programs of undergraduate education in materials science and engineering.
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Carr, Stephen H. "Up Close: Northwestern University Materials Research Center." MRS Bulletin 11, no. 5 (October 1986): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940005449x.
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The Materials Research Center at Northwestern University is an interdisciplinary center that supports theoretical and applied research on experimental advanced materials. Conceived during the post-Sputnik era, it is now in its 26th year.The Center, housed in the university's Technological Institute, was one of the first three centers funded at selected universities by the federal government in 1960. The federal government, through the National Science Foundation, now supplies $2.4 million annually toward the Center's budget, and Northwestern University supplements this amount. Approximately one third of the money is used for a central pool of essential equipment, and the other two thirds is granted to professors for direct support of their research. Large amounts of time on supercomputers are also awarded to the Materials Research Center from the National Science Foundation and other sources.The Center's role enables it to provide partial support for Northwestern University faculty working at the frontiers of materials research and to purchase expensive, sophisticated equipment. All members of the Center are Northwestern University investigators in the departments of materials science and engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, chemistry, or physics. The Materials Research Center is a major agent in fostering cross-departmental research efforts, thereby assuring that materials research at Northwestern University includes carefully chosen groups of faculty in physics, chemistry, and various engineering departments.
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Voyles, Paul M. "The Electron Microscopy Database: an Online Resource for Teaching and Learning Quantitative Transmission Electron Microscopy." Microscopy Today 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500054973.
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Every spring, I teach a one-semester, graduate-level course on materials transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thanks to the explosion of interest in nanotechnology, what was once a course primarily for metallurgists on imaging crystallographic defects and x-ray microanalysis now attracts a much broader audience. I have had students in the course from almost all the engineering departments at UW Madison (materials, chemical, mechanical, electrical, civil), from the basic sciences (physics, chemistry, geology), and from other departments (including one from Food Science!). The enrollment in the concurrent laboratory class on TEM operation is similar.This diverse student body has two consequences. First, the students' background knowledge varies widely. Some have already taken a materials characterization course that included some TEM, but others barely know what a crystal structure is.
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Suhir, Ephraim. "Crossing the Lines." Mechanical Engineering 126, no. 09 (September 1, 2004): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2004-sep-2.
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It is important that today’s outstanding engineer must have knowledge of many sciences and disciplines. Interdisciplinary skills help an engineer to cope with the changing social, economic, and political conditions that influence technology and its development. Nanotechnology and biotechnology remind us how important it is to be knowledgeable in many areas of applied science and engineering. A nanotechnology engineer should be well familiar with physics, materials science, surface chemistry, composites, quantum mechanics, materials, and mathematics. Biotechnology merges physics, engineering, and chemistry with biology, life sciences, and medicine. The multifaceted approach helps define and resolve problems in biomedical research and in clinical medicine for improved healthcare. The most surprising discoveries have been made at the boundaries of different disciplines. Alessandro Volta’s electric battery was a meeting of chemistry and physics.
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Mansfield, John F. "Analysis of Interesting Materials in the Environmental SEM: You Put What in Your Microscope?" Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 776–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600029950.
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The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM™) and variable pressure electron microscope (VPSEM) have become accepted tools in the contemporary electron microscopy facility. Their flexibility and their ability to image almost any sample with little, and often no, specimen preparation has proved so attractive that each manufacturer of scanning electron microscopes now markets a low vacuum model.The University of Michigan Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory (EMAL) operates two variable pressure instruments, an ElectroScan E3 ESEM and a Hitachi S3200N VPSEM. The E3 ESEM was acquired in the early 1990s with funding from the Amoco Foundation and it has been used to examine an extremely wide variety of different materials. Since EMAL serves the entire university community, and offers support to neighboring institutions and local industry, the types of materials examined span a wide range. There are users from Materials Science & Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Nuclear Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Geology, Biology, Biophysics, Pharmacy and Pharmacology.
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Nitoi, Dan, Florin Samer, Constantin Gheorghe Opran, and Constantin Petriceanu. "Finite Element Modelling of Thermal Behaviour of Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 957 (June 2019): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.957.493.
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Engineering Science Based on Modelling and Simulation (M & S) is defined as the discipline that provides the scientific and mathematical basis for simulation of engineering systems. These systems range from microelectronic devices to automobiles, aircraft, and even oilfield and city infrastructure. In a word, M & S combines knowledge and techniques in the fields of traditional engineering - electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical, aerospace, nuclear, biomedical and materials science - with the knowledge and techniques of fields such as computer science, mathematics and physics, and social sciences. One of the problems that arise during solar cell operation is that of heating them because of permanent solar radiation. Since the layers of which they are made are very small and thick it is almost impossible to experimentally determine the temperature in each layer. In this sense, the finite element method comes and provides a very good prediction and gives results impossible to obtain by other methods. This article models and then simulates the thermal composition of two types of solar cells, one of them having an additional layer of silicon carbide that aims to lower the temperature in the lower layer, where the electronic components stick to degradable materials under the influence of heat.
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Kim, Donghwi, Ridha Kamoua, and Andrea Pacelli. "Design-Oriented Introduction of Nanotechnology into the Electrical and Computer Engineering Curriculum." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 34, no. 2 (December 2005): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/d1h1-yydt-eqw8-uyju.
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Nanoelectronics has the potential, and is indeed expected, to revolutionize information technology by the use of the impressive characteristics of nanodevices such as carbon nanotube transistors, molecular diodes and transistors, etc. A great effort is being put into creating an introductory course in nanotechnology. However, practically all courses focus on the physics, chemistry, and materials science aspects of this discipline. On the other hand, a more abstract, design-oriented introduction is desirable for electrical and computer engineering majors. In order to teach design-oriented nanotechnology, the teaching curriculum must be extended to include new concepts. In particular, it is necessary to supply the design principles, device models, and software simulation tools. This article describes our approach for introducing nanotechnology system design into the Electrical and Computer Engineering undergraduate curriculum at Stony Brook University. The approach consists of developing a nanodevice library for SPICE-like simulator and a 3-week module on nanotechnology system design utilizing this library. The module will be woven into an existing course on Integrated Electronics.
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WONG, H. S. PHILIP. "NANOELECTRONICS – OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 16, no. 01 (March 2006): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156406003540.
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As device sizes approach the nanoscale, new opportunities arise from harnessing the physical and chemical properties at the nanoscale. It is now feasible to contemplate new nanoelectronic systems based on new devices with completely new system architectures. This paper will give an overview of the materials, technology, and device opportunities in the nanoscale era. So far, much of the nanoscale sciences have been researched in the physics, chemistry, and materials science communities. While there have been plenty of good science in the nano world, nanotechnology is still at its infancy. The engineering community is poised to make a major impact in transforming good nanoscience into useful nanotechnology. The disciplined performance benchmarking against alternatives as practiced by the engineering community will prove to be invaluable to the development of new nanotechnologies. Examples of such performance benchmarking exercises will be shown and directions for future work will be suggested.
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Mahajan, S., and G. C. Berry. "Up Close: Materials Research at Carnegie Mellon." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 1 (February 1987): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940006872x.
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Materials research is a long-standing tradition at Carnegie Mellon. Since its inception as Carnegie Technical Schools in 1906, the metallurgy program has flourished on the campus. Evolving from a single department involved in metals research formed in 1906, leading-edge, interdisciplinary materials research has grown considerably, with materials-related research now carried out in many departments. These include Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Physics, and Mellon Institute (an affiliate of the University), and, of course, Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science (MEMS). It is beyond the scope of this article to cover every aspect of materials-related research at Carnegie Mellon. Consequently, we have decided to concentrate on materials and topics of particular interest to MRS members.The current research pertaining to materials at Carnegie Mellon can be broadly classified by material type into three categories: metals and alloys, polymers, and electronic and magnetic materials.The major thrust on research in metals and alloys is in MEMS. In addition, there are a number of complementary efforts in Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. For example, Prof. Sides of Chemical Engineering is evaluating electrolytic extraction of aluminum from its ores, while Professors Prinz, Sinclair, Steif, Swedlow, and Wright of Mechanical Engineering are examining the macroscopic flow behavior of metals and alloys and its relevance in manufacturing engineering. Prof. Prinz is also interested in vibratory compaction of metal powders, both from experimental and modeling points of view.
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Gronsky, R. "The Impact of Imaging Technologies in Materials Engineering." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100162491.
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Materials Engineering is widely acknowledged as a “hyper-discipline” spanning the fundamental sciences (Physics, Chemistry and Biology) with all of the traditional engineering pursuits (Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Metallurgical, Nuclear…). A healthy materials engineering program in fapt demands interaction among basic science and technology, all classes of materials, and the intrinsic elements of the field, parochially known as properties, performance, structure (including composition) and synthesis (including processing). Advanced characterization techniques are obviously critical to this integration, and new imaging technologies have accelerated the process of characterizing materials at all relevant length scales, communicating large data sets to practicing engineers, and refining manufacturing methods with image-based technologies. The importance of imaging technologies was forecast by the National Research Council in a highly regarded 1989 report “Material Science & Engineering for the 1990’s: Maintaining Competitiveness in the Age of Materials,” which included prominent mention of all microscopy methods. Since then, the success and challenges associated with imaging technologies have increased dramatically.In the biomaterials field, which is projected to be a $5 billion dollar industry before the year 2000, imaging technologies are most evident. Cross-modal medical imaging (MRI, CAT..) localizes the results of disease or trauma that might be remedied by implantable structures, developed under condition of strict microstructural control, and monitored for degradation products by non-invasive in-situ means. Products include biochemical sensors requiring high spatial resolution characterization of structure and composition, orthopedic prostheses and repairs, sometimes processed to possess pore structures that mimic natural bone, and wound-management devices, including artificial skin composed of bi-layer silicone elastomers and glycosaminoglycan interspersed with collagen. The last of these is especially dependent upon microstructural characterization. Implantable materials systems, such as the cochlear implant for hearing restoration (direct stimulation of the auditory nerve), or heart-assist devices (long fatigue life), require some of the highest standards in materials selection, design, and integration, with the added dimension of biocompatibility. In addition, the irradiation sensitivity of many candidate biomaterials requires strict attention to low-dose imaging methods, rapid scan image acquisition, and sometimes extensive image processing to avoid or circumvent artefacts. Forward-looking projects on fully implantable therapeutic “agents” for medicinal delivery or chelation of toxins and viruses will place even more demands upon our ability to image in-situ functionality.
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Kimerling, Lionel C. "Defect Engineering." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 12 (December 1991): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400055342.
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The pervasive role of defects in determining the thermal, mechanical, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of materials is biblical. Thermodynamic control of imperfection under equilibrium conditions dictates, for instance, the high temperatures needed to raise defect content for diffusion processes. Nonequilibrium treatments, such as work hardening, are used to control dislocation and grain boundary density and morphology to enhance mechanical properties. Both approaches represent the practice of defect engineering. Both are examples of a synergistic interaction between science and engineering in which an existing knowledge base is applied to its limits, stirring the development of new knowledge and new applications.The purpose of this article is to convey the flavor of the defect engineering culture. The invention of the transistor can be traced to a triumph of defect engineering. Original explorations of semiconductor materials had the goal of controlling surface rectification properties to devise rectifiers, oscillators, and amplifier substitutes for vacuum tube counterparts. Schottky barriers, p-n junctions and metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors—the products of the endeavor—are now the building blocks of today's microcircuits. The commercial success of these applications has fueled a boom in materials physics research during the last two decades. The work-hardening knowledge base can be traced from the Japanese swordmaking ritual to the discovery of dislocations (in theory first, and then by direct observation). Expansion of the dislocation knowledge base was a dominating concern in materials science prior to the transistor. As shown in this article, these two disparate areas are essential components of the defect engineer's tool kit.
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Lin, Keng-Te, Jihong Han, Ke Li, Chunsheng Guo, Han Lin, and Baohua Jia. "Radiative cooling: Fundamental physics, atmospheric influences, materials and structural engineering, applications and beyond." Nano Energy 80 (February 2021): 105517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105517.
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Katunin, A., K. Krukiewicz, A. Herega, and G. Catalanotti. "Concept of a Conducting Composite Material for Lightning Strike Protection." Advances in Materials Science 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2016-0007.
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Abstract The paper focuses on development of a multifunctional material which allows conducting of electrical current and simultaneously holds mechanical properties of a polymeric composite. Such material could be applied for exterior fuselage elements of an aircraft in order to minimize damage occurring during lightning strikes. The concept introduced in this paper is presented from the points of view of various scientific disciplines including materials science, chemistry, structural physics and mechanical engineering with a discussion on results achieved to-date and further plans of research.
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Kesternich, W. "Difficulties in measuring electrical conductivities in highly insulating materials: Radiation-induced electrical degradation is an artifact." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 11 (November 2000): 2280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0326.
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Measurement of the electrical conductivity in high-resistance insulators is made difficult by previously unrecognized limits in the electric guarding technique. Electron irradiation experiments on single-crystalline Al2O3, performed for studying the effects of irradiation on the electrical conductivity, revealed that radiation-induced electrical degradation effects in ceramic insulators, previously reported to occur after electron, ion, and neutron irradiation, are an artifact.
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Biermaier, Christian, Thomas Bechtold, and Tung Pham. "Towards the Functional Ageing of Electrically Conductive and Sensing Textiles: A Review." Sensors 21, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 5944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175944.
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Electronic textiles (e-textiles) have become more and more important in daily life and attracted increased attention of the scientific community over the last decade. This interdisciplinary field of interest ranges from material science, over chemistry, physics, electrical engineering, information technology to textile design. Numerous applications can already be found in sports, safety, healthcare, etc. Throughout the life of service, e-textiles undergo several exposures, e.g., mechanical stress, chemical corrosion, etc., that cause aging and functional losses in the materials. The review provides a broad and critical overview on the functional ageing of electronic textiles on different levels from fibres to fabrics. The main objective is to review possible aging mechanisms and elaborate the effect of aging on (electrical) performances of e-textiles. The review also provides an overview on different laboratory methods for the investigation on accelerated functional ageing. Finally, we try to build a model of cumulative fatigue damage theory for modelling the change of e-textile properties in their lifetime.
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Vanossi, Andrea, Dirk Dietzel, Andre Schirmeisen, Ernst Meyer, Rémy Pawlak, Thilo Glatzel, Marcin Kisiel, Shigeki Kawai, and Nicola Manini. "Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (July 16, 2018): 1995–2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.190.
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Friction is the oldest branch of non-equilibrium condensed matter physics and, at the same time, the least established at the fundamental level. A full understanding and control of friction is increasingly recognized to involve all relevant size and time scales. We review here some recent advances on the research focusing of nano- and mesoscale tribology phenomena. These advances are currently pursued in a multifaceted approach starting from the fundamental atomic-scale friction and mechanical control of specific single-asperity combinations, e.g., nanoclusters on layered materials, then scaling up to the meso/microscale of extended, occasionally lubricated, interfaces and driven trapped optical systems, and eventually up to the macroscale. Currently, this “hot” research field is leading to new technological advances in the area of engineering and materials science.
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Bibikov, Sergey, Mariia Kalinkina, Aleksandr Kuznetsov, Anna Pevneva, Olga Pirozhnikova, and Vera Tkalich. "Analysis of Promising Areas for Creating Materials of Micromechanical Devices." Materials Science Forum 1022 (February 2021): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1022.105.
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In this work, data on the development of such an important section of Electrical Engineering as “Electrical conductors and methods for their manufacture” are gathered together. The information collected will allow you to compare different materials suitable for the manufacture of electrically conductive structures. The paper also has a history of the development of this section, as well as a patent study of relevant and unusual methods for the manufacture of electrical conductors.
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Hruszowiec, Mariusz, Kacper Nowak, Bogusław Szlachetko, Michał Grzelak, Wojciech Czarczyński, Edward F. Pliński, and Tadeusz Więckowski. "The Microwave Sources for EPR Spectroscopy." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2017.107616.
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Rapid development of many scientific and technical disciplines, especially in material science and material engineering increases a demand for quick, accurate and cheap techniques of materials investigations. The EPR spectroscopy meets these requirements and it is used in many fields of science including biology, chemistry and physics. For proper work, the EPR spectrometer needs a microwave source, which are reviewed in this paper. Vacuum tubes as well as semiconductor generators are presented such as magnetron, klystron, traveling wave tube, backward wave oscillator, orotron, gyrotron, Gunn and IMPATT diodes. In this paper main advantages of gyrotron usage, such as stability and an increased spectral resolution in application to EPR spectroscopy is discussed. The most promising and reliable microwave source is suggested.
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Firstov, S. O. "Materials Science in Ukraine." Uspihi materialoznavstva 2020, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/materials2020.01.003.
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In the short historical essay, the ways of formation of Materials Science in Ukraine are considered, and tendencies of its development over the World were taken into account. The outstanding human resources and excellent raw deposit capabilities of Ukraine have led to creating Ukrainian scientific schools back in the days of the Russian Empire, which were comparable to the Ural and another world schools of metallurgists and metal scientists. The further development of science on materials in Ukraine is closely related with establishing the Academy of Sciences in 1918. From the first twelve members of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, three of them namely V.I. Vernadsky, P.A. Tutkovsky and S.P. Tymoshenko, had represented the natural sciences. The election of E.O. Paton to the Academy in 1929 for "technical sciences" specialty had initiated the usage of promising achievements of fundamental sciences for development of applied ones. Since that, the famous Institutes of Ferrous Metallurgy (1936), Metal Ceramics and Special Alloys (1955) and others were founded. The idea to develop the new area of knowledge, which would combine the different types of interatomic bonding to be resulted in new materials and would not be preferable to metallic materials only, has been already in time, namely in 1963. B.Ye. Paton jointly with I.M. Frantcevych had created the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Materials Science, which included a few institutes namely: electric welding (Paton Welding Institute, PWI), cermets and special alloys (Institute for Problems of Materials Science (IPMS since 1964), foundry (problems of casting since 1964, and Institute of Physics and Technology Metals and Alloys (PTIMA since 1996), mechanical engineering and automation (Institute of Physics and Mechanics (IPM since 1964). And although the institutions are quite different in their profiles, their uniting direction is materials science. As early as 1963, V.N. Yeremenko was elected as the first academician for the "materials science” specialty. Therefore, the issue of a new collection of scientific papers under the title "Progress in Materials Science" is natural and vitally required. It is corresponding to global trends in the formation of scientific and technical priorities in developed countries and is as the task for Ukraine too.
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Mody, Cyrus. "Nanotechnology and the Modern University." Practicing Anthropology 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.28.2.c5l886m45430306x.
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The novelty of nanotechnology presents social scientists with an interesting dilemma. On the one hand, the scientists and engineers doing nano research have been at it for such a brief time, and are performing such a diffuse array of activities, that it is very difficult to see what social scientists should be studying, much less how they should go about it. On the other hand, social scientists who study science and engineering have (at least over the past decade) focused largely on disciplines that are relatively marginal to nano—computing-information technology, genomics-biotech, psychology-cognitive science, economics, and medicine (this gross generalization is based on looking through the program of the annual Society for Social Studies of Science meeting for the past few years). There is very little sociology or anthropology of the core fields of nano (materials science, chemistry, applied and/or condensed matter physics, electrical and mechanical engineering)—though the exceptions are some of the best representatives of social studies of science (e.g. Hugh Gusterson, Laura McNamara, Bart Simon, Harry Collins). Obviously, some lessons from ethnographies or recent histories of biotech, economics, etc. will translate well to the study of nanotechnology; but we should also accept that it will probably take as long for social scientists to develop a methodology for nanotechnology as it will take scientists and engineers to develop a practice of nanotechnology.
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Sun, Changli, and Jiangang Lu. "A Tunable NIR Filter with Sphere Phase Liquid Crystal." Crystals 9, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9070349.
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A near-infrared (NIR) filter with sphere phase liquid crystal (SPLC) is proposed, which shows a low operating electric field and large temperature-gradient modulations. The central wavelength of the Bragg reflection can be thermally tuned from 1580 nm to 1324 nm with a temperature-gradient of 42.7 nm/K. Meanwhile, the central wavelength can be electrically tuned over 76 nm within a low operating electric field of 0.3 V/μm. Thus, the SPLC filter may achieve a wavelength variation of 256 nm by thermal modulation and 76 nm by electrical modulation. The SPLC filter shows great potential applications in optical communication devices.
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Kamel, Talal M., and G. de With. "Pyroelectricity versus conductivity in soft lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 12 (December 2007): 3448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0438.
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The electrical behavior of modified soft lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics has been studied as a function of temperature at different direct current (dc) electric fields and grain sizes. As ferroelectrics, such as PZT, are highly polarizable materials, poling, depolarization, and electric conduction contribute to the total electrical current, which leads to anomalous electrical behavior as a function of temperature. The PZT appeared to have a high pyroelectric coefficient, and it was found that the displacement current hides the conduction current near room temperature. The (long-time) steady-state electrical resistivity of the soft PZT used has a typical, relatively high value of 3.6 × 1012 Ω·cm near room temperature. The resistivity above the Curie temperature was two orders of magnitude lower than the room temperature. The resistivity decreases with increasing grain size probably due to the increased Pb vacancy concentration resulting as a consequence of a higher sintering temperature. The values of activation energies suggest that the charge carriers at high temperature are mainly oxygen vacancies. At intermediate temperature, the electrical behavior is controlled by the counteracting effect of depolarization and conduction. Considering the pyroelectric effect and the conduction, it was thus possible to explain the electrical behavior of this soft PZT ceramic over the temperature range considered.
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Anderson, R. A., and G. E. Pike. "Current concentration at defects in ZnO varistor material." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 4 (April 2003): 994–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0136.
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We numerically simulated the current density distribution in electrically nonlinear varistor material containing geometrically simple inclusion defects. Nonconductive spheres and disks, which resemble inclusion shapes observed in chemically prepared varistor material, were investigated. Current densities near perfectly conductive spheres and rods were also computed to gain insight into observed electrical degradation phenomena. These defects were assumed to be much larger than the characteristic size of the zinc oxide (ZnO) grain structure, and our computational method treated the varistor material as electrically isotropic. Results showed strong, localized concentrations of current with either perfectly conductive or nonconductive inclusions, and a dependence on the density of the conductive defects. The small spatial extent of strong current intensification may help to explain the stepwise electrical degradation we have observed when a failing ZnO varistor is subjected to high-power electrical pulses.
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Astec High Voltage. "Electrical insulation tester." NDT & E International 25, no. 2 (1992): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(92)90627-s.
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Institut Förster GmbH & Co. "Electrical conductivity measurement." NDT & E International 24, no. 1 (February 1991): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(91)90813-i.
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Marsman, Albert W., Cees M. Hart, Gerwin H. Gelinck, Tom C. T. Geuns, and Dagobert M. de Leeuw. "Doped polyaniline polymer fuses: Electrically programmable read-only-memory elements." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 7 (July 2004): 2057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0257.
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We demonstrate polymeric electrically programmable read-only-memory elements based on camphorsulfonic-acid–doped polyaniline lines. Their working mechanism relies on irreversible reduction of the electrical conductivity by Joule heating like electrical safety fuses. The heating power is supplied electrically. The critical power required to “blow up” the fuse is strongly reduced by notches. The influence of the notch design can be predicted reasonably well using a simple thermal model. The critical power becomes less than 1 mW for fuses with notches narrower than 2 μm. This power can be delivered by organic transistors already at modest voltages, opening the way of integration of these memory elements in all-polymer circuits.
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Chong, S. W., Chin Wei Lai, Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid, F. W. Low, and Wei Wen Liu. "Simple Preparation of Exfoliated Graphene Oxide Sheets via Simplified Hummer’s Method." Advanced Materials Research 1109 (June 2015): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1109.390.
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Today, research on graphene and other two-dimensional sp2-hybridized carbon nanomaterials has tremendously impacted the areas of modern chemistry, physics, and materials science and engineering. The significant attraction of these materials can be attributed to the outstanding electrical, optical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of graphene-like materials, especially in comparison to other carbon materials. In this manner, graphene oxide as a substrate for graphene-like materials reduction process is getting more and more interesting. Although early routes to these materials were challenging, significant advances in synthetic and processing methods have enabled access to high-quality exfoliated graphene oxide sheets in appreciable quantities. Herein, we introduced a simple and efficient method for the high-conversion preparation of graphene oxide using a simplified hummer’s method from large graphite flakes (an average flake size of 100 μm). One-pot chemical oxidation of graphite was carried out at room temperature for the preparation purpose. It was found that different degree of oxidation of graphite flakes could be realized by stirring graphite in a mixture of sulphuric acid and potassium permanganate under different oxidation durations, resulting in exfoliated graphene oxide sheets with large lateral dimension and area. The simplified Hummer’s method provides a facile approach for the preparation of large-area exfoliated graphene oxide sheets.
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Kim, GeunHyung, and Yuri M. Shkel. "Polymeric Composites Tailored by Electric Field." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 4 (April 2004): 1164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0151.
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A solid composite of desirable microstructure can be produced by curing a liquid polymeric suspension in an electric field. Redistribution effect of the field-induced forces exceeds that of centrifugation, which is frequently employed to manufacture functionally graded materials. Moreover, unlike centrifugational sedimentation, the current approach can electrically rearrange the inclusions in targeted areas. The electric field can be employed to produce a composite having uniformly oriented structure or only modify the material in selected regions. Field-aided technology enables polymeric composites to be locally micro-tailored for a given application. Moreover, materials of literally any composition can be manipulated. In this article we present testing results for compositions of graphite and ceramic particles as well as glass fibers in epoxy. Electrical and rheological interactions of inclusions in a liquid epoxy are discussed. Measurements of tensile modulus and ultimate strength of epoxy composites having different microstructure of 10 vol% graphite, ceramic particles and glass fiber are presented.
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Wang, Teng, Xiao Mei Wan, Qi Yu, Zhong Tao Sun, and Xiao Han. "Investigation on Electrical Resistance of Chloride Penetration of Alkali Activated Slag Concrete." Materials Science Forum 1036 (June 29, 2021): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1036.378.
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Alternating-current method for measuring chloride penetration resistance of concrete, test method for coulomb electric flux and rapid chloride migration coefficient (RCM) were applied to evaluate the resistance of chloride penetration in alkali-activated slag concrete in this paper. At the same time, the applicability of the above three electrical parameters test methods to the alkali slag concrete was discussed. The results show that NaOH activated slag concrete behaves higher resistance to chloride penetration than water glass activated slag concrete. Blend of fly ash increases the porosity of alkali-activated slag concrete and weakens the resistance of chloride penetration. Correlation coefficient between chloride migration coefficient and AC electrical resistivity is 0.99. There are good correlations among the evaluation results of three electrical parameters test methods, and all of them behave sound applicability to alkali-activated slag concrete.
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Ruffell, S., J. E. Bradby, J. S. Williams, and O. L. Warren. "An in situ electrical measurement technique via a conducting diamond tip for nanoindentation in silicon." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 3 (March 2007): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0100.
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An in situ electrical measurement technique for the investigation of nanoindentation using a Hysitron Triboindenter is described, together with details of experiments to address some technical issues associated with the technique. Pressure-induced phase transformations in silicon during indentation are of particular interest but are not fully understood. The current in situ electrical characterization method makes use of differences in electrical properties of the phase-transformed silicon to better understand the sequence of transformations that occur during loading and unloading. Here, electric current is measured through the sample/indenter tip during indentation, with a fixed or variable voltage applied to the sample. This method allows both current monitoring during indentation and the extraction of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics at various stages of loading. The work presented here focuses on experimental issues that must be understood for a full interpretation of results from nanoindentation experiments in silicon. The tip/sample contact and subsurface electrical resistivity changes dominate the resultant current measurement. Extracting the component of contact resistance provides an extremely sensitive method for measuring the electrical properties of the material immediately below the indenter tip, with initial results from indentation in silicon showing that this is a very sensitive probe of subsurface structural and electrical changes.
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Kibble, B. P. "Electrical standards." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 18, no. 5 (May 1985): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/18/5/001.
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Stingelin, Natalie. "Electrical contacts." Nature Materials 8, no. 11 (November 2009): 858–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat2562.
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Guo, Zhihui, Jeffery A. Wood, Krista L. Huszarik, Xiaohu Yan, and Aristides Docoslis. "AC Electric Field-Induced Alignment and Long-Range Assembly of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Inside Aqueous Media." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 4322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.871.
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The present work examines the behavior of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) inside AC electric fields created by three-dimensional electrodes. The response of carbon nanotubes stably suspended in water with the aid of a nonionic surfactant is monitored by combining microscopic observations with on-line measurements of the suspension resistivity. It is found that polarization effects induced by the externally applied AC electric field on MWCNTs can cause their unidirectional orientation and end-to-end contact that result in formations of spatially distributed, long-range, three-dimensional and electrically conducting structures that span the entire gap between the electrodes. The length of the formed structures, which in the present case was approximately 30 times larger than that of an individual carbon nanotube, can be controlled by adjusting the spacing between the electrodes. The influence of main experimental parameters, namely, MWCNT concentration, applied voltage, AC field frequency, and electrode surface topography on the suspension behavior is experimentally examined. Results are demonstrated for applied voltage values, AC field frequencies, and carbon nanotube concentrations in the range 4–40 Vptp, 10 Hz–5 MHz, and 0.001–2.0 wt%, respectively. While higher electric field strengths accelerate the formation of aligned structures, higher frequency values were found to result in suspensions that exhibit smaller electrical resistivity. Carbon nanotube dispersions exposed to an AC electric field exhibit a 100-fold or more decrease in their electrical resistivity, even when carbon nanotube concentrations as low as 0.005 wt% are used.
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Bak, Tadeusz, Janusz Nowotny, and James Stranger. "Electrical properties of TiO2: equilibrium vs dynamic electrical conductivity." Ionics 16, no. 8 (October 6, 2010): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-010-0477-3.
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Tandon, Poonam. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20098103iv.
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The POLYCHAR 16: World Forum on Advanced Materials, organized by the University of Lucknow, was held from 17 to 21 February 2008 in the capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The annual POLYCHAR conferences have been sponsored by IUPAC for several years and are known for combining the broad field of materials sciences with a clear focus on polymeric materials (the name "POLYCHAR" is derived from the term "polymer characterization"). POLYCHAR 16 was supported by many scientific associations and industries such as IUPAC, Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) (Trieste, Italy), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Department of Biotechnology (DBT) (India), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (India), Reliance Industries Ltd. (India), Department of Science and Technology (India), Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Uttar Pradesh Council of Science and Technology (UPCST) (India), Lucknow Chapter, Materials Research Society of India (MRSI), and University of Lucknow.As in past years, POLYCHAR puts emphasis on the quality of research presented - in contrast to maximizing the number of participants. The areas covered include nanomaterials and smart materials; natural and biodegradable materials and recycling; materials synthesis; polymers for energy; rheology, solutions, and processing; mechanical properties and performance; characterization and structure-property relationships; biomaterials and tissue engineering; dielectric and electrical properties; surfaces, interfaces, and tribology; and predictive methods. Symptomatically, the number of papers on "green" science was higher than at POLYCHAR 15 last year in Búzios, Rio de Janeiro.There were a total of 292 registered participants from 35 countries (Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, Fiji, UK, France, Germany, India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Mauritius, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Sri Lanka, Slovakia, South Africa, Ukraine, USA, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela). This reflects the philosophy of POLYCHAR to provide an international forum to encourage young scientists and advanced students to present their scientific work and give them the opportunity to meet with colleagues and well-known scientists to discuss their results, exchange experiences, and make new contacts, in particular, international ones. Many industrial contacts and much international cooperation with exchange of students and scientists have resulted from this and earlier POLYCHAR meetings.This conference volume represents only a small fraction of the multitude of contributions from different parts of materials science - 48 oral contributions and 170 posters. Many of the contributions have review character, some represent excellent original contributions. Only a small number could be selected for this volume because of the limited space that is available. All this was possible with the sponsorship of IUPAC. Highlights of the conference were the Paul J. Flory Research Award (ex aequo) to Prof. Jiasong He, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; the International Materials Research Award to Dr. Rameshvar Adhikari, Tribhuvan University, Katmandu, Nepal; and numerous awards for young scientists and students, including the IUPAC Poster Award. Special Prof. Brar's 60th Birthday Celebration Awards were given to IUPAC poster prize winners.The next POLYCHAR will be hosted by Jean-Marc Saiter, University of Rouen, Rouen, France in April 2009.Poonam TandonConference Executive Secretary and Co-editor
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Peng, D. L., K. Sumiyama, K. Kumagai, T. Yamabuchi, D. Kobayashi, and T. Hihara. "Magnetic and electrical characteristics in dense Fe–Ni alloy cluster-assembled films prepared by energetic cluster deposition." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 1 (January 2008): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0018.
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Fe–Ni alloy cluster-assembled films were obtained by a plasma–gas-condensation-type cluster-deposition method. We studied the magnetic and electrical properties of these assemblies prepared on an electrically grounded substrate [bias voltage (Va) = 0 kV] and on a negatively biased substrate (Va = −20 kV). The packing density and saturation magnetization per volume, Ms, are much larger for the assemblies prepared at Va = −20 kV than those prepared at Va = 0 kV, while the magnetic coercivity, Hc, and electrical resistivity, ρ, are much lower for the assemblies prepared at Va = −20 kV than those prepared at Va = 0 kV. For Ni-rich Fe–Ni alloy cluster-assembled films obtained at Va = −20 kV, the Hc values can become smaller than 160 A/m (the precision limit of our superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer) by adjusting the initial cluster size. The magnetic and electrical properties of Fe–Ni cluster-assembled films are much improved in comparison with those of pure Fe cluster-assembled films.
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Noda, Toshinari, Naonori Sakamoto, Naoki Wakiya, Hisao Suzuki, and Kazuki Komaki. "Enhanced electrical properties of ferroelectric thin films with electric field induced domain control." Materials Science and Engineering: B 173, no. 1-3 (October 2010): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2009.12.006.
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Folkersma, Steven, Janusz Bogdanowicz, Andreas Schulze, Paola Favia, Dirch H. Petersen, Ole Hansen, Henrik H. Henrichsen, Peter F. Nielsen, Lior Shiv, and Wilfried Vandervorst. "Electrical characterization of single nanometer-wide Si fins in dense arrays." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (June 25, 2018): 1863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.178.
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This paper demonstrates the development of a methodology using the micro four-point probe (μ4PP) technique to electrically characterize single nanometer-wide fins arranged in dense arrays. We show that through the concept of carefully controlling the electrical contact formation process, the electrical measurement can be confined to one individual fin although the used measurement electrodes physically contact more than one fin. We demonstrate that we can precisely measure the resistance of individual ca. 20 nm wide fins and that we can correlate the measured variations in fin resistance with variations in their nanometric width. Due to the demonstrated high precision of the technique, this opens the prospect for the use of μ4PP in electrical critical dimension metrology.
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Varalaxmi, Narla, and K. V. Sivakumar. "Studies on AC and DC electrical conductivity and thermo-electric power of NiMgCuZn ferrites." International Journal of Nanoparticles 3, no. 4 (2010): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnp.2010.037147.
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Siegelin, F., H.-J. Kleebe, and L. S. Sigl. "Interface characteristics affecting electrical properties of Y-doped SiC." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 11 (November 2003): 2608–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0365.
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Liquid-phase sintered SiC, doped with 3 vol% AlN, Al2OC, Y3Al5O12, revealed a variation in electrical resistivity of more than five orders of magnitude (<102-107 Ω cm) upon slight variations in the sintering process. The materials were characterized using various transmission electron microscopy techniques such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fresnel fringe imaging, analytical electron microscopy, and electron holography. The main focus of this study was to verify whether there is a correlation between interface structure and electrical resistivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of polished and plasma-etched surfaces showed interface features similar to those observed in Si3N4 ceramics containing amorphous grain-boundary films. Such films are expected to act as an insulating barrier for electric current. However, in contrast to the SEM results, HRTEM of SiC grain boundaries revealed no intergranular film in any of the SiC materials studied. Elemental analysis (i.e., energy dispersive x-ray and electron energy loss spectroscopy) of these “clean” SiC interfaces showed the segregation of secondary phase elements at grain boundaries. Electron holography and the Fresnel fringe technique were used to determine the change in the mean inner potential across SiC interfaces, which could be associated with the spatial charge distribution of a double Schottky barrier. The height of the potential barrier correlates with the electrical resistivity recorded via impedance spectroscopy.
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Garino, Terry J. "Electrical behavior of oxidized metal powders during and after compaction." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 10 (October 2002): 2691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0389.
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The electrical behavior during compaction of tantalum and aluminum powders was characterized before and after thermal oxidation. The resistivity of unoxidized powders decreased by >106 over a narrow range of stress between 1 and 10 MPa. Thermal oxidation of the powders to produce submicrometer thick oxide layers on the particles increased the precompaction electric breakdown strength from <0.2 to >5 kV/cm but did not have a significant effect on the low field resistivity of the powders during compaction. At higher fields, the decrease in resistivity during compaction occurred at lower stresses and over a much narrower stress range since catastrophic electrical breakdown occurred once a certain level of stress was reached. The breakdown field at constant stress also decreased as the stress was increased for the oxidized powders. These effects are caused by the cracking of the brittle oxide coatings at the contact points between the particles during compaction.
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Bellabarba, Claudio. "Electrical properties of AgInTe2." Materials Letters 36, no. 5-6 (August 1998): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(98)00051-2.
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Koritala, R. E., M. T. Lanagan, N. Chen, G. R. Bai, Y. Huang, and S. K. Streiffer. "Microstructure and properties of PbZr0.6Ti0.4O3 and PbZrO3 thin films deposited on template layers." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 9 (September 2000): 1962–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0283.
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Polycrystalline Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 thin films with x = 0.6 and 1.0 were deposited at low temperatures (450–525 °C) on (111)Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and electrical measurements. The texture of the films could be improved by using one of two template layers: PbTiO3 or TiO2. Electrical properties, including dielectric constants, loss tangents, polarization, coercive field, and breakdown field, were also examined. PbZrO3 films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si with a pseudocubic (110) orientation exhibited an electric-field-induced transformation from the antiferroelectric phase to the ferroelectric phase. The effect of varying processing conditions on the microstructure and electrical properties of the films is discussed.
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Carrillo-Heian, E. M., O. A. Graeve, A. Feng, J. A. Faghih, and Z. A. Munir. "Modeling studies of the effect of thermal and electrical conductivities and relative density of field-activated self-propagating combustion synthesis." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 5 (May 1999): 1949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0263.
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The role of the electrical conductivity of the product and of the thermal conductivities of the reactants on self-propagating combustion synthesis was investigated through modeling studies. Similar studies were made to investigate the role of the relative density of the reactants. The effect of an imposed electric field on the results of the modeling analysis was considered. For any given imposed field, the wave velocity exhibited a maximum at a given normalized thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and relative density. The results are discussed in terms of the Joule heat contribution of the field and are compared with experimental observations.
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Sakai, Masatoshi, Norifumi Moritoshi, Shigekazu Kuniyoshi, Hiroshi Yamauchi, Kazuhiro Kudo, and Hyuma Masu. "Partial Dissolution of Charge Order Phase Observed in -(BEDT-TTF)2PF6 Single Crystal Field Effect Transistor." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 3267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.12286.
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The effect of an applied gate electric field on the charge-order phase in β-(BEDT-TTF)2PF6 single-crystal field-effect transistor structure was observed at around room temperature by technical improvement with respect to sample preparation and electrical measurements. A relatively slight but systematic increase of the electrical conductance induced by the applied gate electric field and its temperature dependence was observed at around the metal-insulator transition temperature (TMI). The temperature dependence of the modulated electrical conductance demonstrated that TMI was shifted toward the lower side by application of a gate electric field, which corresponds to partial dissolution of the charge-order phase. The thickness of the partially dissolved charge order region was estimated to be several score times larger than the charge accumulation region.
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Gupta, P. K., P. M. Anderson, R. G. Buchheit, S. A. Dregia, J. J. Lannutti, M. J. Mills, and R. L. Snyder. "The New Materials Science and Engineering Curriculum at the Ohio State University." MRS Proceedings 760 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-760-jj1.4.
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ABSTRACTA new Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) curriculum is in effect at the Ohio State University starting fall, 2002. This curriculum is composed of four parts:1) General Education Core (required by the University of all undergraduates).2) Engineering Core (required by the College of Engineering). This includes courses in English, Math, Physics, Chemistry, Statistics, Programming, Statics, and Stress Analysis.3) Materials Science and Engineering Core (required by the MSE Department). It includes courses on Atomic Scale Structure, Microstructure and Characterization, Mechanical Behavior, Electrical Properties, Thermodynamics, Transport and Kinetics, Phase Diagrams, Phase Transformations, Modeling of Material Processes, Materials Selection, and Materials Performance).4) MSE-Specialization in the senior year (required by the MSE Department). Novel features of the new curriculum include:1) concentration in a specialized area of MSE in the senior year.2) increased exposure to MSE courses in the second year.3) increased industrial exposure.4) redesigned laboratory courses.
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Moll, Amy J., William B. Knowlton, David E. Bunnell, and Susan L. Burkett. "Materials Science and Engineering at Boise State University: Responding to an Industrial Need." MRS Proceedings 684 (2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-684-gg5.4.
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ABSTRACTThe College of Engineering at Boise State University (BSU) is a new program in only its fifth year of existence. Bachelor's degrees in Civil Engineering (CE), Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) and Mechanical Engineering (ME) are offered with M.S. Degrees in each discipline added this year. The industrial advisory board for the College of Engineering at BSU strongly recommended enhancement of the Materials Science and Engineering (MS&E) offerings at BSU. In response to local industry's desire for an increased level of coursework and research in MS&E, BSU has created a minor in MS&E at both the undergraduate and graduate level.The MS&E program is designed to meet the following objectives: provide for local industry's need for engineers with a MS&E competency, add depth of understanding of MS&E for undergraduate and graduate students in ECE, ME and CE, prepare undergraduate students for graduate school in MS&E, improve the professional skills of the students especially in the areas of materials processing and materials selection, provide applied coursework for Chemistry, Physics, and Geophysics students, and offer coursework in a format that is convenient for students currently working in local industry.
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Roy, Rustum. "Pedagogical Theories and Strategies in Education for Materials Research: A Hierarchical Approach." MRS Proceedings 66 (1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-66-23.
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ABSTRACTThe topic of education optimized for materials research is treated In sequence at four hierarchical levels starting with the most general.Materials Research is the earliest and best developed example within the physical sciences and engineering of an integrative field (discipline?). Yet very little thought and no research (including the relevant cognitive science) has addressed the subject of how best one can educate a cadre of materials researchers. The author will adduce Inductive and anecdotal data to point some fruitful directions in reorganizing the approach to education in integrative knowledge fields.The first important thesis of this paper is that we have failed to analyze correctly the appropriate hierarchical relationships among individual scientific disciplines, engineering departments, and technological research groupings.The second major point is that education for materials research is done is several departments (materials science, physics, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, etc.) and Indeed that some mix of disciplinary roots is desirable for the materials research cadre. Improvements will be proposed in four areas: (1) Optimum content of MSE curriculum, (2) the widespread introduction of MSE minors, (3) under-representation of electronic materials, pol ymers, ceramics.The third aspect deals with the modularization of the content and teaching materials to allow adaptation to local needs in a field like materials research. The international materials community has done rather well by establishing the Materials Education Council and the Journal of Materials Education, for producing and disseminating print media. The status and usage of JME will be described.
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Cochran, David R. "Materials Science in the Electrical Engineering Curriculum." MRS Proceedings 66 (1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-66-77.
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ABSTRACTMaterials properties are crucial to the operation of electron devices. Based on this fact, the inclusion of the study of material science as an integral part of an electrical engineering curriculum is examined. The trends in the curriculum over a period of time are considered with respect to the growth of technology. A nationwide sampling of the electrical engineering curriculum over ten year periods is cataloged. Tabulated results are presented. Based on these results, a view of future curriculum that incorporates material aspects is presented.
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Poler, Jordan, Bernadette T. Donovan-Merkert, Angela Davies, Mahnaz El-Kouedi, Joanna Krueger, Stuart Smith, Edward Stokes, and Thomas A. Schmedake. "Efforts to Implement a PhD degree program in “Nanoscale Science” at UNC Charlotte." MRS Proceedings 931 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0931-kk04-04.
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AbstractUNC Charlotte is a young and growing research university. Most of the Ph.D. programs on our campus have been designed to be interdisciplinary. This strategic choice was made for both economic and pedagogical reasons. At the heart of the drive for interdisciplinary degree programs is the recognition that a lack of educational diversity at the Ph.D. level is limiting for new graduates in today's research and discovery landscape. This need for educational diversity is even more acute in the sciences. We need more chemists that know more physics, and we need more physicists that know more biology, and we need more engineers that understand matter at a molecular scale.To this end, faculty in the departments of chemistry, optical sciences, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering have designed and are implementing a new interdisciplinary Ph.D. degree in “Nanoscale Science”. Research involving nanoscale materials and phenomena requires an educational perspective far broader than traditional academic disciplines currently offer. The question is how to deliver a broad graduate education that enables each student to reach an expertise required for the Ph.D. This is the question that has driven our pedagogical development of this Nanoscale science program.The overall structure of this program will be described and compared to other current efforts in Nanoscale graduate education throughout the United States. Various novel features will be discussed, with the hope for critical feedback and discussion. Details of the educational opportunities we have designed and the method of assessment we will employ will be presented.