Journal articles: 'Electrical lines - Poles and tower'

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Nie, Kejian, Xinming Yu, Yuanhao Chen, Yinhe Lin, Xin Ye, and Ming Xie. "Application of Three-dimensional Design Software in Transmission Lines." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128301049.

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The digitization of power grid projects is a development requirement in the era of big data, as well as an inevitable requirement for the State Grid Corporation of China to build digital power grids and improve life-cycle management. Three-dimensional design establishes three-dimensional models of ground conductors, insulators, and fittings through line electrical majors, and completes line poles and towers in a three-dimensional scene; line structure majors should establish iron tower models and basic models; survey majors should conduct topography and landforms and ground objects to complete three-dimensional scene construction. It can make the circuit design results more intuitive, reduce the drawing work of repeated components, and improve the design efficiency.

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Zhang, Ruizhuo, Bisheng Yang, Wen Xiao, Fuxun Liang, Yang Liu, and Ziming Wang. "Automatic Extraction of High-Voltage Power Transmission Objects from UAV Lidar Point Clouds." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (November 6, 2019): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222600.

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Electric power transmission and maintenance is essential for the power industry. This paper proposes a method for the efficient extraction and classification of three-dimensional (3D) targets of electric power transmission facilities based on regularized grid characteristics computed from point cloud data acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). First, a special hashing matrix was constructed to store the point cloud after noise removal by a statistical method, which calculated the local distribution characteristics of the points within each sparse grid. Secondly, power lines were extracted by neighboring grids’ height similarity estimation and linear feature clustering. Thirdly, by analyzing features of the grid in the horizontal and vertical directions, the transmission towers in candidate tower areas were identified. The pylon center was then determined by a vertical slicing analysis. Finally, optimization was carried out, considering the topological relationship between the line segments and pylons to refine the extraction. Experimental results showed that the proposed method was able to efficiently obtain accurate coordinates of pylon and attachments in the massive point data and to produce a reliable segmentation with an overall precision of 97%. The optimized algorithm was capable of eliminating interference from isolated tall trees and communication signal poles. The 3D geo-information of high-voltage (HV) power lines, pylons, conductors thus extracted, and of further reconstructed 3D models can provide valuable foundations for UAV remote-sensing inspection and corridor safety maintenance.

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Kruger, Judy. "Community Lifeline Framework for Leveraging Stabilization in Response and Recovery to Major Hurricanes." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.119.

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The United States (US) and Caribbean regions remain vulnerable to the impact of severe tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons. In 2017, a series of hurricanes posed threats to residents living in inland and coastal communities as well as on islands isolated from the US mainland. Harvey, Irma, Jose, and Maria caused catastrophic infrastructure damage, resulting in a loss of electrical power and communications due to damaged or downed utility poles, cell towers, and transmission lines. Critical services were inoperable for many months. Emergency managers are public officials who are accountable to both political leaders and the citizens. During disaster events, emergency managers must prioritize areas of effort, manage personnel, and communicate with stakeholders to address critical infrastructure interdependences. Essential lifeline services (eg, energy and communications) were inoperable for many months, which led to increased attention from policy-makers, media, and the public.

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Salceanu, Alexandru, Marius Valerian Paulet, Constantin Dan Neagu, and Dragos Florin Bordeianu. "On the coupling influence of the relative position of human trunk with respect to the overhead high-voltage power line." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i3.790.

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<p class="Abstract">In this article, we present our study of the relevance of the relative position of the human torso with respect to the plane of the supporting pylons of various Overhead High-Voltage Power Lines from the perspective of currents induced by the generated magnetic fields. A homogenous model of the human body that considers the trunk as an elliptic cylinder has been developed in CST Studio software. Due to the necessary theoretical brevity, the results obtained by the simulation for the loop currents along the perimeters associated with the large (28 cm) and, respectively, the small (16 cm) axis of the elliptical cross-section of the trunk are presented and discussed. Simulations have been performed for five relative positions (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) of the human trunk with respect to the plane of the transmission towers and for two types of symmetric, double three-phase networks (110 kV and 640 A, 220 kV and 960 A, respectively), with the normal supporting poles SN 110252. We present the solutions and the selected boundary conditions with the aim of using CST software in the domain of industrial frequency. The obtained results make it possible to formulate recommendations on the reduction of human exposure to magnetic fields.</p>

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Zhang, Gang, Chuan Liu, Jie Ren, Zeng Hua Zhang, and Wei Chen. "Research of Fault Monitoring and Early Warning Technology of Optical Cable." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1549.

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Electric power optic cables, as infrastructure facilities of the power communication system, are commonly affiliated to primary towers and poles of power transmission lines. And their safe and stable operation is one of important factors to guarantee the reliable power supply. At present, there are many kinds of professional application systems for equipment management in the field of Power System, so the level of their automation and intelligence is relatively high. But Management and Monitoring of outdoor lines are still staying the same as traditional methods, becoming a vulnerable part in smart grid. This paper introduces a network management system of electric power optic cables based on GIS and referred to the design method of Transmission Network Management System (TNMS). Its aims and several main developing technologies are also discussed. This system will play an important role in improving maintenance management and operational reliability for the power communication network.

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Gatta, F. M., A. Geri, and S. Lauria. "Backflashover simulation of HV transmission lines with concentrated tower grounding." Electric Power Systems Research 73, no. 3 (March 2005): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2004.08.011.

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CHEN, GUOQING, and EBY G. FRIEDMAN. "TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF A DISTRIBUTED RLC INTERCONNECT BASED ON DIRECT POLE EXTRACTION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 18, no. 07 (November 2009): 1263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126609005654.

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With higher operating frequencies, transmission lines are required to model global on-chip interconnects. In this paper, an accurate and efficient solution for the transient response at the far end of a transmission line based on a direct pole extraction of the system is proposed. Closed form expressions of the poles are developed for two special interconnect systems: an RC interconnect and an RLC interconnect with zero driver resistance. By performing a system conversion, the poles of an interconnect system with general circuit parameters are solved. The Newton–Raphson method is used to further improve the accuracy of the poles. Based on these poles, closed form expressions for the step and ramp response are determined. Higher accuracy can be obtained with additional pairs of poles. The computational complexity of the model is proportional to the number of pole pairs. With two pairs of poles, the average error of the 50% delay is 1% as compared with Spectre simulations. With ten pairs of poles, the average error of the 10%-to-90% rise time and the overshoots is 2% and 1.9%, respectively. Frequency dependent effects are also successfully included in the proposed method and excellent match is observed between the proposed model and Spectre simulations.

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Sekine, Toshikazu, Takashi Nakamura, and Senji Yokokawa. "Design of a wide bandpass filter with attenuation poles using lines and capacitances." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science) 78, no. 6 (June 1995): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjc.4430780605.

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Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher. "Time Domain Response of Uniform RC Lines with RC Termination at Both Ends." Active and Passive Electronic Components 19, no. 4 (1997): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/84383.

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The time domain response of uniform RC lines with RC termination at both ends is obtained from the approximate poles of the transfer function. A simple model is developed for the URC line. The model consists of three passive elements only and can be easily implemented for computer-aided analysis of URC lines with RC termination at both ends.

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Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher. "Time Domain Response of Uniform RC Lines With Resistive Termination at Both Ends." Active and Passive Electronic Components 16, no. 3-4 (1994): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/63861.

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The time domain response of uniform RC lines with resistive termination at both ends is obtained by obtaining the approximate poles of the transfer function. A simple model is developed for the URC line. The model consists of three passive elements only and can be easily implemented for computeraided analysis of URC lines with resistive termination at both ends.

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Niu, Yiming, Guo Yang, and Wen Wu. "Differential BPFs with Multiple Transmission Zeros Based on Terminated Coupled Lines." Frequenz 72, no. 5-6 (April 25, 2018): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2017-0033.

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AbstractDifferential bandpass filters (BPFs) named Filter A and Filter B based on Terminated Coupled Lines (TCLs) are proposed in this letter. The TCLs contributes to not only three poles in differential-mode (DM) for wideband filtering response but also multiple zeros in both DM and common-mode (CM) offering wide DM out-of-band rejection and good CM suppression. Fabricated filters centred at 3.5 GHz with wide DM passband and wideband CM suppression have been designed and measured. The filters improved the noise suppression capability of the communication and radiometer systems. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.

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Bo, Xiao-Le, Yong-Hong Zhang, Xiao-Kun Li, Yang Yang, Yin Tian, and Yong Fan. "A dual-wideband bandpass filter using open/shorted coupled lines." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 10 (September 11, 2018): 1113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718001253.

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AbstractA compact dual-wideband (DWB) bandpass filter utilizing open-shorted coupled lines (OSCL) is proposed in this paper. The introduction of the folded structure not only reduces the overall size but also contribute to the split of the transmission zero (TZ), which improves the selectivity effectively. Six transmission poles and five TZs are realized utilizing the shorted-circuit stub and OSCL. The characteristic of the flexible adjustment method of TZs guarantees an independently wide adjustable range of the bandwidth. For demonstration, a DWB filter (3 dB bandwidth 120 and 28%, respectively) is designed and fabricated. The filter is compact and has the characteristics of extraordinary wide bandwidth, low insertion loss, as well as high selectivity.

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Ullah, Saeed, Minjoong Jeong, and Woosang Lee. "Nondestructive Inspection of Reinforced Concrete Utility Poles with ISOMAP and Random Forest." Sensors 18, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 3463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103463.

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Reinforced concrete poles are very popular in transmission lines due to their economic efficiency. However, these poles have structural safety issues in their service terms that are caused by cracks, corrosion, deterioration, and short-circuiting of internal reinforcing steel wires. Therefore, they must be periodically inspected to evaluate their structural safety. There are many methods of performing external inspection after installation at an actual site. However, on-site nondestructive safety inspection of steel reinforcement wires inside poles is very difficult. In this study, we developed an application that classifies the magnetic field signals of multiple channels, as measured from the actual poles. Initially, the signal data were gathered by inserting sensors into the poles, and these data were then used to learn the patterns of safe and damaged features. These features were then processed with the isometric feature mapping (ISOMAP) dimensionality reduction algorithm. Subsequently, the resulting reduced data were processed with a random forest classification algorithm. The proposed method could elucidate whether the internal wires of the poles were broken or not according to actual sensor data. This method can be applied for evaluating the structural integrity of concrete poles in combination with portable devices for signal measurement (under development).

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La, Dong-Sheng, Xin Guan, Hong-Cheng Li, Yu-Ying Li, and Jing-Wei Guo. "Design of Broadband Band-Pass Filter with Cross-Coupled Line Structure." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (July 27, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5257325.

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This paper presents a broadband band-pass filter with cross-coupled line structure. The cross-coupled line structure is composed of the parallel coupled lines and an open stub. It can be analyzed by the odd- and even-mode method due to its symmetric structure. There are three transmission poles in the passband and two transmission zeros out of passband. Then, the influence of the impedance parameters on the transmission zeros and transmission poles are analyzed. Then, the physical parameters of the proposed band-pass filter are given. And using HFSS for simulation and optimization, the final insertion loss and return loss of filter are obtained. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement, which validates the design idea.

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Mohamad Nasir, Nur Alia Farina, Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir, Miszaina Osman, Muhamad Safwan Abd Rahman, Ungku Anisa Ungku Amirulddin, Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir, Nur Hazirah Zaini, and Nik Hakimi Nik Ali. "Influence of Lightning Current Parameters and Earthing System Designs on Tower Footing Impedance of 500 kV Lines." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 4736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164736.

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This paper presents an optimum earthing system design for improving the lightning performance of a 500 kV transmission line for its sustainable operation. The study includes an interpretation of the soil profile and compares the results between default and new earthing arrangements for improving tower footing resistance and tower footing impedance. An evaluation of the tower footing resistance (TFR) and impedance (Ri) before and after earthing improvement was carried out. Moreover, the effects of TFR and Ri, also known as low and high-frequency earthing, respectively, based on a specification of TFR and soil resistivity (SR) ranges at various sites were also considered. The analysis was carried out using the SESCAD tool of Current Distribution Electromagnetic Field Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis software (CDEGS) and PSCAD/EMTDC software for low and high frequency earthing, respectively. From the analysis, the results showed that the new earthing arrangement reduced the TFR by 74.11% for Tower T40, 75.71% for Tower T41 and 80.83% for Tower T42. For Ri, the results also demonstrated that the values were significantly decreased below the TFR during a high frequency operation due to the soil ionisation phenomenon that took place during the lightning. All these improvements are now being investigated and studied in all 500 kV networks in Malaysia, where lightning is considered as a major threat in relation to power outages.

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Matrosova, A. Yu, I. Levin, and S. A. Ostanin. "Self-checking Synchronous FSM Network Design with Low Overhead." VLSI Design 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/46578.

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A method of a self-checking synchronous Finite State Machine (FSM) network design with low overhead is developed. Checkers are used only for FSMs, which output lines are at the same time output lines of the network. The checkers observe output lines of these FSMs. The method is based on reducing the problem to a self-checking synchronous FSM design. The latter is provided by applying a special description of FSM namely, so-called unate Programmable Logic Array (PLAu) description. Single stuck-at fault on the FSM poles and gate poles are considered. PLAu realization of FSM allows a factorized or multilevel logic synthesis. They both provide a unidirectional manifestation of the above mentioned faults on the output lines of the corresponding FSMs. This realization also gives rise to a transparency of each component FSM of the network for the faults. PLAu realization is derived from the State Transition Graph (STG) description of FSMs with using the m-out-of-n encoding of its states and insignificant expanding the products of STG. The problem of replacing an arbitrary synchronous FSM network for the self-checking one with low overhead is discussed.

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Li, Mao Hua, Zheng Li, and Jing Bo Yang. "Discussing Chinese UHV Transmission Tower’s Reliability by Comparing Design Standards Home and Abroad." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5690.

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Several representative design standards or manuals of overhead transmission lines home and abroad were selected, including Chinese<Technical regulation of design for tower and pole structures of overhead transmission line>DL/T5154-2002,American<Design of latticed steel transmission structures>ASCE10-97, European<Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 45kV>EN50341-1etc., compared the reliability level of axial compression member of transmission tower in these standards, by calculating the comprehensive reliability coefficient under the strength limited state. Basically make the selected standards’ level of reliability degree clear, the specific data was got, and then gave some advice to UHV towers’ design about the setting of reliability level, which could not only provide a reference to understand the differentia of design standards home and abroad, but also to design the UHV transmission lines.

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Minkina, Waldemar. "Problems of Remote Temperature Measurement of Small Objects of Electricity Power Systems—On the Example of Lashing Clamps of Bridge Connections on High Voltage Poles." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 5041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165041.

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The article presents problems occurring during remote temperature measurement of lashing clamps of bridge connections on high voltage poles using thermal imaging cameras. The basic metrological parameters of thermal imaging cameras are described. On this basis, typical errors made during the inspection of high voltage lines supplying power substations are presented using infrared cameras. Researching the possible solutions for the problems of remote temperature measurement of small objects of electricity power systems—on the example of lashing clamps of bridge connections on high voltage poles in the proposed paper and showing the basic metrological aspects and parameters of thermal imaging cameras are important because, in this way, it is observed to eliminate costly interruptions in the supply of electricity associated with the breaking of power lines. Small objects are quite difficult to be controlled and monitored on large grids and on large powerline poles; thus, it is very challenging to interpret the data offered by thermograms. The problem of remote temperature measurement of small objects in electrical power engineering is very important from the point of view of the quality and reliability of electricity supply. Obtaining early warning information about the occurrence of overheating, e.g., on lashing clamps of bridge connections, is very important, as it eliminates costly interruptions in the supply of electricity associated with the breaking of power lines supplying high voltage switchgears or substations.

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Xue, Xue, Menghan Cheng, Tianyu Hou, Guanhua Wang, Nan Peng, and Rui Liang. "Accurate Location of Faults in Transmission Lines by Compensating for the Electrical Distance." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030767.

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Accurately locating faults is quite important, especially when the geographical environment is complicated. If the exact location of the fault is not given, wrong route would be chosen, which will greatly slow down repair. This paper proposes an improved traveling wave method by compensating the electrical distance of transmission lines. The catenary model is constructed that considers parameters of the tower and the actual temperature. The actual line length is also derived by the catenary model. A 500 kV transmission line model is established by PSCAD/EMTDC. Various fault simulations are conducted and the results demonstrate that the presented method effectively reduces the error ratio of faulty segment positioning and locates faults with high accuracy.

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Gholinejhad, J., R. Shariatinasab, and K. Sheshyekani. "Probabilistic Assessment of Lightning Related Risk of Transmission Lines Based on Frequency Dependent Modeling of Tower-Footing Grounding System." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 1 (February 10, 2018): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i1.613.

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This paper presents a probabilistic evaluation, based on Monte-Carlo method, for the estimation of insulation risk of failure of overhead transmission lines (TLs). The proposed method takes into account the wide-band model of tower-footing grounding system. The wide-band model of grounding system in frequency domain is obtained by the method of moment solution to the governing electrical field integral equations. The electrical parameters of soil are considered to be either constant or frequency dependent. The time-domain representation of the grounding system is inferred through pole-zero characterization of its associated frequency response. The case of a typical 400-kV transmission line is modelled in EMTP_RV with the tower-footing grounding system integrated with the transmission line (TL) system. The results of the paper show that the failure risk of transmission lines is affected by the grounding system model. This effect is more pronounced when the soil electrical parameters are assumed to be frequency dependent.

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Liu, Yuxuan, Mitko Aleksandrov, Sisi Zlatanova, Junjun Zhang, Fan Mo, and Xiaojian Chen. "Classification of Power Facility Point Clouds from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Adaboost and Topological Constraints." Sensors 19, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 4717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214717.

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Machine learning algorithms can be well suited to LiDAR point cloud classification, but when they are applied to the point cloud classification of power facilities, many problems such as a large number of computational features and low computational efficiency can be encountered. To solve these problems, this paper proposes the use of the Adaboost algorithm and different topological constraints. For different objects, the top five features with the best discrimination are selected and combined into a strong classifier by the Adaboost algorithm, where coarse classification is performed. For power transmission lines, the optimum scales are selected automatically, and the coarse classification results are refined. For power towers, it is difficult to distinguish the tower from vegetation points by only using spatial features due to the similarity of their proposed key features. Therefore, the topological relationship between the power line and power tower is introduced to distinguish the power tower from vegetation points. The experimental results show that the classification of power transmission lines and power towers by our method can achieve the accuracy of manual classification results and even be more efficient.

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Ismail, H. M. "Effect of Tower Displacement of Parallel Transmission Lines on the Magnetic Field Distribution." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23, no. 4 (October 2008): 1705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2008.919029.

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El Dein, Adel Z. "Calculation of the Electric Field Around the Tower of the Overhead Transmission Lines." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 29, no. 2 (April 2014): 899–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2013.2273500.

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Xu, Kai-Da, Donghao Li, and Yanhui Liu. "High-Selectivity Wideband Bandpass Filter Using Simple Coupled Lines With Multiple Transmission Poles and Zeros." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 29, no. 2 (February 2019): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2019.2891203.

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Murdiya, Fri, and Rofi Hariadi. "Analysis of Lightning Performance on 345 kV Transmission Lines Using Python Programming." International Journal of Electrical, Energy and Power System Engineering 3, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.3.3.65-76.

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One of main causes of interruption of electrical power supply is the lightning strike on overhead power transmission lines. The lightning performance of transmission line can be determined by value of shielding failure flashover rate (SFFOR) and back flashover rate (BFOR). The object of this study is to create a computer application to compute lightning performance on the transmission lines using Python programming. Pythons package tkinter used for program interface window. Application programming is done by using the concept of object-oriented programming (OOP) using Pythons keyword class. Validation shows that the application has applied the method correctly with a percentage error 0 % for SFFOR and 3.14 % for BFOR. The application can do analysis on the factors that affecting SFFOR and BFOR such as the effect of thunder day, tower foot resistance, and number of isolator disk. The results obtained in this study is computer application that can perform lightning performance analysis and analysis of factors that can affect it, such as thunder day, tower foot resistance and the number of isolator disk.

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Yokokawa, Senji. "A design of a narrow bandpass filter with attenuation poles using coupled lines and resonators." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 86, no. 6 (June 2003): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.10067.

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Visacro, Silverio, Fernando H. Silveira, and Caio H. D. Oliveira. "Measurements for Qualifying the Lightning Response of Tower-Footing Electrodes of Transmission Lines." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 61, no. 3 (June 2019): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2019.2915188.

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Motoyama, H., Y. Kinoshita, and K. Nonaka. "Experimental Study on Lightning Surge Response of 500-kV Transmission Tower With Overhead Lines." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 23, no. 4 (October 2008): 2488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2008.921138.

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O Donovan, Michael, Noel Barry, Joe Connell, and Eoin Cowhey. "Mutual Coupling Compensation Techniques Used for Distance Protection of Parallel Lines." Energies 14, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071982.

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When a distance relay protects a transmission line located on a dual circuit tower, a coupling effect will occur between the two circuits. Transposition of the circuits can reduce the mutual impedances, but this does not cater to the zero-sequence mutual coupling impedance during earth faults. As a result, the impedance measured by a distance relay under phase-to-earth fault conditions in these circumstances will not represent the correct impedance to the fault point unless these effects are taken into account. On multi-circuit lines, primarily if they operate in parallel, a zero-sequence mutual coupling should be considered when calculating settings for distance protection function. A 220 kV parallel line sharing the same tower was analysed using DigSilent Power Factory in the simulations. Phase-to-earth faults in different configurations were analysed on this system, and the reach of the protection relay was then estimated for operation. The results confirm how a protection relay can overreach and underreach in a distance protection scheme due to the influence of mutual coupling.

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MARIUT, E. L., and E. HELEREA. "Variation of Tower Footing Resistance on the Lightning Surge Propagation through Overhead Power Distribution Lines." Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering 16, no. 1 (2016): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4316/aece.2016.01014.

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Ferreira Dias, Claudio, Juliane Regina de Oliveira, Lucas D. de Mendonça, Larissa M. de Almeida, Eduardo R. de Lima, and Lucas Wanner. "An IoT-Based System for Monitoring the Health of Guyed Towers in Overhead Power Lines." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 6173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186173.

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The collapse of overhead power line guyed towers is one of the leading causes of power grid failures, subjecting electricity companies to pay considerable, high-value fines. In this way, the current work proposes a novel and complete framework for the remote monitoring of mechanical stresses in guyed towers. The framework method comprises a mesh network for data forwarding and neural networks to improve the performance of Low-Power and Lossy Networks. The method also considers the use of multiple sensors in the sensor fusion technique. As a result, the risk of collapse of guyed cable towers reduces, due to the remote monitoring and preventive actions promoted by the framework. Furthermore, the proposed method uses multiple input variable fusions, such as accelerometers and tension sensors, to estimate the tower’s displacement. These estimations help address the structural health of the tower against failures (i.e., loosening of the stay cables, displacement, and vibrations) that can cause catastrophic events, such as tower collapse or even cable rupture.

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Wei, Shi, Zou Liang, Li Qingmin, Lu Xinchang, and Zhang Li. "Research on lightning performance of AC/DC hybrid transmission lines on the same tower." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2012.0308.

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Singh, Inder P., and Praveen Bhatt. "Compact Ultra-wide-band Bandpass Filter using Square Complimentary Split Ring Resonator." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 5 (September 22, 2020): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096512666190912125458.

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Background: In this paper, an ultra-wide-band bandpass filter with large stopband using interdigital coupled lines and pair of Square Complimentary Split Ring Resonator (SCSRR) is proposed. Methods: Interdigital coupled lines give bandpass characteristics and pair of SCSRR provides tuning of cut off frequencies and transmission zeroes on both side of the passband. In the passband, two transmission poles are achieved. The tightly coupled structure provides a wide stopband and sharp skirt response. Results: Dielectric constant 2.6 and its thickness of 0.787 mm is used to implement the design. Centre frequency of the proposed design is 5.1 GHz. Bandwidth at -3 dB is 3.5 GHz to 6.5 GHz. Conclusion: The proposed structure is simulated in Ansoft HFSS.

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Braga, G. E., and R. M. R. Junqueira. "Methodology for Planning Tower Leg Foundations Corrosion Maintenance of Overhead Transmission Lines Based on GIS." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 31, no. 4 (August 2016): 1601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2016.2524003.

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Yamanaka, Akifumi, Naoto Nagaoka, Yoshihiro Baba, Hideki Motoyama, and Toshiaki Ueda. "Lightning Surge Response of a Transmission Tower with Overhead Lines Analyzed by TEM-delay Model." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 141, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes.141.145.

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Mammadov, A. F., and A. Matsyura. "Bird collisions with power lines in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_29.

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The article summarizes the results of research in four selected sites (observations) on the impact of surface power lines on bird death in the area of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in 2016-2017. Studies show that electrical wires have a major impact on bird death during the spring migration and nesting period. We determined that 225 individual of 27 species were killed by electric shock in selected areas, while 16 individuals belonging to 3 predator bird species were exposed to this threat. Two of these species are in the World Red List. The next plot with high mortality rate was the Cananbar well - Shikhmahmud plain (2 km), although we did not make a research here for the first two months. An average mortality rate of birds here were 2.72 individuals/km. The electric poles in the selected Nakhchivan - Shikhmahmud road (4 km) consisted mainly of wooden material and were sometimes replaced with reinforced concrete. We attribute the fact that the percentage of deaths in this area is lower than other stations because of the poles are more wooden. Among the dead birds some species belonging to the Red List of the World (Falco naumanni and Coracias garrulus). As we already mentioned, beside the overhead electric wires were mainly dangerous to Ciconia ciconia, Buteo rufinus and eagles. The dead and wounded species were recorded only one to four km from the electric line. Among the most common species exposed electric shocks were: Columba livia, Merops apiaster, Corvus frugilegus, Sturnus vulgaris and Passer domesticus. A total of 3,225 birds from 26 species were killed by the private electric shock during the study, four birds could not be identified (unknown species). When looking at the process from a landscape-species perspective, bird species - those most exposed to the electric wires are: less open, open space (loos); forest landscape (fl); residential areas (ra) and less grove areas (lga).

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Mendes, Alexandre Schalch, Janito Vaqueiro Ferreira, Pablo Siqueira Meirelles, Eurípedes Guilherme de Oliveira Nóbrega, Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima, and Larissa Medeiros de Almeida. "Evaluation of Multivariable Modeling Methods for Monitoring the Health of Guyed Towers in Overhead Power Lines." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 6144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186144.

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This article proposes a methodology for monitoring the structural stability of each tower of an electric power transmission line through sensor measurements which estimates the different situations that may indicate the need for intervention to prevent the structure collapsing. The extended Kalman filter was adopted to predict the failures, considering sensor fusion techniques such as the displacements of the upper central position of the tower above certain limits. The load of the stay cables is calculated from the natural frequencies, which are determined by the accelerometers connected to the cables. The average value of these forces, which must be higher than a normal limit, were calculated to predict a failure. All guyed towers of a power transmission line thousands of kilometers long will be individually monitored considering the methodology described in this study, which makes this article one of the first relevant research studies in this area. Typically, guyed towers must often be manually inspected to ensure that the stay cables have acceptable pretension to prevent a lack of stability in the transmission line towers.

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Alameri, Ban M. "ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI) PRODUCED BY HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 5 (September 30, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001398.

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Electromagnetic interference in high voltage transmission lines has been an interest topic due to its effect on human health, plants, electrical and telecommunication equipment. Extremely high voltages (EHV) in transmission lines are reasons of electrostatic effects, while short circuit currents and line loading currents are responsible for electromagnetic effects. The aim of this research is to analyze electromagnetic fields in high voltage transmission lines in theoretical study and calculating its level in overhead T. L and therefore estimated the EMI produced, by employing a mathematical model of 230 KV tower double circuit configurations of high voltage transmission lines. The calculation is based on computer aided analysis (CAA) by using fields and corona effects software (FACE). It's found that the overhead power lines of general frequency (50 Hz) generates a highly intense magnetic field, the electromagnetic fields depends on the distance from sources and the type of line configuration. They decrease as the distance increase from the tower and conductors and increase with a high current. The strength of an electric field is proportional to the voltage of the line and the magnetic field strength is proportional to the current in the high voltage transmission lines. Distribution line with a high current load may produce a magnetic field that is as high as those produced by some high voltage transmission lines. Some techniques of reduction of the effects of electromagnetic interference have suggested such as rearrangement conductors of transmission line, and distance from phase conductor and grounding system. The study recommended to keep safety distance operation in high voltage transmission lines with the necessity for engineer to take into account the effect of electromagnetic interference in the design stage of high voltage transmission power system, and to avoid any addition cost may be occur due to neglected effects of electromagnetic interference that produces by high voltage transmission lines

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Liu, Feng Lian, Li Rui Guo, Yuan Shi Deng, Chi Wu, Jiang Ling Li, Xiao Dong Yang, Tian Bao Wu, Hong Bo Chen, and Lin Yang. "Application of Fiber Bragg Grating Device in Icing Monitoring System of Transmission Lines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 1030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.1030.

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Ice accretion has been a huge threat for the stable operation of transmission line. Icing monitoring devices used presently are active sensors with low working stability. Signals are transmitted in the electrical form, which are easily affected by the electromagnetic interference. In this paper, an online icing monitoring device of transmission line based on fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensor is designed, and is operated as a pilot unit on the 44# tower of 110kV Zhenzou line. Experimental results show that the online icing monitoring device operates stably, and the designed fiber bragg grating sensor has high linearity, good sensitivity and high accuracy.

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Takami, Jun, Toshihiro Tsuboi, Keisuke Yamamoto, Shigemitsu Okabe, Yoshihiro Baba, and Akihiro Ametani. "Lightning surge response of a double-circuit transmission tower with incoming lines to a substation through FDTD simulation." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 21, no. 1 (February 2014): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2014.6740730.

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Zheng, Tao, Jiaqin Zhang, Dan Wu, Shaofeng Huang, and Xiaoli Wang. "Cross-voltage short-circuit calculation for mixed-voltage quadruple-circuit lines on the same tower." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 11, no. 9 (June 22, 2017): 2342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.1808.

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Saber, Ahmed. "Fault location algorithm for multi-terminal mixed lines with shared tower and different voltage levels." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, no. 9 (May 15, 2018): 2029–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.1391.

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Lobodzinskiy, Vadim, Valeriy Chybelis, Oleg Petruchenko, Olga Illina, Yuliya Chunyak, and Viktoriia Babenko. "FEATURES OF TRANSIENT RESEARCH IN THREE-PHASE HIGH-VOLTAGE POWER TRANSMISSION CABLE LINES." ГРААЛЬ НАУКИ, no. 6 (July 4, 2021): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.25.06.2021.025.

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The methods of analysis of transients in three-phase circuits with distributed parameters and interphase connections are considered on the basis of representation of such circuits by multipoles, finding their corresponding concentrated parameters and determination of boundary and initial conditions of transients. The formulation of this scientific problem is justified by the current trend in theoretical electrical engineering to consider multiphase circuits as a series-parallel connection of different n-poles, which improves the calculation of transient electromagneticprocesses in multiphase circuits with distributed parameters and interphase connections. Using thetheory of multipoles allows us to represent the elements of the electric circuit by macromodels thatreflect their external connections and the impact on the rest of the circuit. The main difficulty inapplying this principle is to resolve emerging electromagnetic bonds.

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YANG, FENGLI, JINGBO YANG, JUNKE HAN, and DONGJIE FU. "DYNAMIC RESPONSES OF TRANSMISSION TOWER-LINE SYSTEM UNDER ICE SHEDDING." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 10, no. 03 (September 2010): 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455410003579.

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Ice shedding from conductors may easily induce electrical and mechanical accidents, which cause a serious threat to the safe operation of transmission lines. In this paper, a 3D finite element model of tower-conductor-ground wire-insulator system was established in ANSYS, and the dynamic responses of ice shedding under different cases were analyzed for a transmission tower-line system. The computed jumping heights are in excellent agreement with the experimental values of a two span conductors model. Many variables were considered in the ice-shedding simulations that include tower-line coupled effect, phase combination of the ice-shedding conductors, thickness of the accreted ice, length of the ice-shedding span as well as elevation difference. Influences of all the variables on the dynamic responses of jumping heights, loads at the end of insulators and the forces of transmission tower were studied. Ice-shedding simulations of an actual 500 kV transmission line section which experience failure under ice shedding in 2008 were performed. The results show that stress ratios of members at the tower head under design ice thickness exceed the limiting values when the amount of shedding ice is large. For ice shedding at the top phase conductors, the jumping height and unbalanced tension at the end of insulator can be reduced by applying interphase spacers in triangular arrangement. The tower is in a safe state under the load of the design ice thickness. In order to prevent ice-shedding accidents, interphase spacers should be used, and the weak members at the tower head should be strengthened according to the calculated load values at the end of insulators.

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Macrì, M. A., di Luzio, and S. di Luzio. "Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 15, no. 2 (May 2002): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200201500204.

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Nowadays, concerns about hazards from electromagnetic fields represent an alarming source for human lives in technologically developed countries. We are surrounded by electromagnetic fields everywhere we spend our working hours, rest or recreational activities. The aim of this review is to summarize the biological effects due to these fields arising from power and transmission lines, electrical cable splices, electronic devices inside our homes and work-places, distribution networks and associated devices such as cellular telephones and wireless communication tower, etc. Special care has been reserved to study the biological effects of electromagnetic fields on cell lines of the mammalian immune system about which our research group has been working for several years.

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Asadpourahmadchali, Mohammadbagher, Mohsen Niasati, and Yousef Alinejad-Beromi. "Improving tower grounding vs. insulation level to obtain the desired back-flashover rate for HV transmission lines." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 123 (December 2020): 106171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106171.

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Di Angelo, Gherardini, Di Stefano, and Leali. "Design for Visual Quality Enhancement of Artificial Infrastructure Facilities: An Application to Electricity Pylons." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031131.

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(1) Background: The visual impact of artificial infrastructures on natural landscapes generates a common negative perception in public opinion. However, as in the case of electrical energy, the increasing demand for power supply and its need for capillary distribution require the installation of new lines, commonly overhead lines with tall tower-like pylons. In most countries, this situation is faced with many attempts of solutions, as participatory workshops and design contests. Nevertheless, the solutions are usually not further developed into real structures due to many limitations (e.g., regulatory, safety, lack of feasibility). (2) Methods: This paper presents a systematic method for the design of tower-like pylons (e.g., electric ones) able to improve the visual quality on the landscape areas in which they will be installed. The method identifies a design strategy that advantageously exploits the inevitable visual impact of pylons on the landscape by integrating the symbolic morphology and the topologically optimized pylon structure from the earliest design phases. (3) Results: The resulting structure is designed in three steps. First, a concept is morphologically developed by integrating symbolic references to the landscape, environment, or cultural society. Second, the concept is topologically optimized, by reducing the structural weight and its visual impact, and respecting regulatory requirements. Third, the resulting structure is engineered and embodied into an industrially feasible layout. (4) Conclusions: The method is able to develop an original, brand new tower-like pylon integrating all the types of requirements, such as regulatory, industrial feasibility, and social components’ needs. The resulting electricity pylon presents an enhanced visual quality according to the citizens’ feedback.

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Durão, Beatriz, João Paulo N. Torres, Carlos A. F. Fernandes, and Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas. "Socio-economic Study to Improve the Electrical Sustainability of the North Tower of Instituto Superior Técnico." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051923.

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In this paper, an autonomous photovoltaic system is going to be designed for the North Tower of Instituto Superior Técnico through the application of solar panels on its windows, using them as producers of electricity based on solar energy. The main objectives of this paper are: (1) to make the building energetically autonomous, using an integrated system of solar photovoltaic technology; (2) check the system behaviour and comment on possible system impacts on the user’s lifestyle. Two solutions are going to be proposed to cover/substitute the windows of the Tower, one using amorphous silicon panels and the other using crystalline silicon panels. Taking into account this type of solution, it is possible to recognize that there are positive impacts, such as the reduction of transmission lines/grids or the decentralisation of energy supplies. However, there are also disadvantages such as the need to have an energy storage system to guarantee the continuous supply. This study, for this building in particular, shows that organic photovoltaic cells have enormous advantages in the future in terms of our environment and social needs, but they do not yet produce the energy needed to meet today’s needs. Both solutions present a return estimative time of seven years, with an initial investment of approximately two million euros, but the produced energy will not be enough to create an off-grid system.

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Cvetic, Jovan. "Tesla’s high voltage and high frequency generators with oscillatory circuits." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 13, no. 3 (2016): 301–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1603301c.

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The principles that represent the basics of the work of the high voltage and high frequency generator with oscillating circuits will be discussed. Until 1891, Tesla made and used mechanical generators with a large number of extruded poles for the frequencies up to about 20 kHz. The first electric generators based on a new principle of a weakly coupled oscillatory circuits he used for the wireless signal transmission, for the study of the discharges in vacuum tubes, the wireless energy transmission, for the production of the cathode rays, that is x-rays and other experiments. Aiming to transfer the signals and the energy to any point of the surface of the Earth, in the late of 19th century, he had discovered and later patented a new type of high frequency generator called a magnifying transmitter. He used it to examine the propagation of electromagnetic waves over the surface of the Earth in experiments in Colorado Springs in the period 1899-1900. Tesla observed the formation of standing electromagnetic waves on the surface of the Earth by measuring radiated electric field from distant lightning thunderstorm. He got the idea to generate the similar radiation to produce the standing waves. On the one hand, signal transmission, i.e. communication at great distances would be possible and on the other hand, with more powerful and with at least three magnifying transmitters the wireless transmission of energy without conductors at any point of the Earth surface could also be achieved. The discovery of the standing waves on the surface of the Earth and the invention of the magnifying transmitter he claimed his greatest inventions. Less than two years later, at the end of 1901, he designed and started to build a much stronger magnifying transmitter on Long Island near New York City (the Wardenclyffe tower) wishing to become a world telecommunication center. During the tower construction, he elaborated the plans for an even stronger transmitter based on new principles. Due to lack of the funds Tesla was forced to sell or to return the devices and apparatus, he gathered in the Wardenclyffe tower facility, which intended to use to operate the tower. He left the tower in 1907 and since then he was mainly engaged in inventions that were not directly related to the electrical engineering. The unfinished magnifying transmitter on Long Island was demolished in June 1917 by the American government.

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Faria da Silva, Filipe, and Claus L. Bak. "Distance protection of multiple-circuit shared tower transmission lines with different voltages – Part I: fault current magnitude." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 11, no. 10 (July 13, 2017): 2618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2016.1763.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrical lines - Poles and tower'

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